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2019年中考英语一轮复习 八下 Unit 1-2 基础知识+语法知识 牛津版.doc

2019年中考英语一轮复习 八下 Unit 1-2 基础知识+语法知识 牛津版.doc
2019年中考英语一轮复习 八下 Unit 1-2 基础知识+语法知识 牛津版.doc

2019年中考英语一轮复习八下 Unit 1-2 基础知识+语法知识牛津

Objectives: To master the words, phrases and sentences of the units.

Procedures:

Activity One : Check the words , phrases and sentences .

1. Words:

1. marry v. → ________ (adj.) 已婚的

2. communicate v. → ______________

(n.)

3. north n. → ________ (adj.)

4. wife n. → ________ (复数)

5. interview v. → ____________ (n.) 采访者 6.recent adj. → ________ (adv.)

7. exact adj. → ________ (adv.) 8.pollute v. → ________ (n.)

9.意识到 10. 形势 11. 不可能

12. 采访 13. 环境 14. 条件

15.到国外 16. 正是,没错

II. phrases:

1. 过去常常做某事

2. 在小镇的北部

3. 在某些方面

4. 和以前一样频繁

5. 感到有点孤单

6. 和他父母出国

7.彼此保持联系 8. 使交流更加容易

III. Sentences:

1. 等下一班车需要很长时间。

It us a long time the next

bus.

2. 这个小镇在过去的几年中变化很多吗?

H the to wn changed a lot ?

3. 后来政府意识到这个问题并采取措施改善它。

Later the the problem and took action

the situation.

4. 在某种程度上,生活比以前好多了。但是,像以前一样频繁见面不可能了。

, the life is than before.

H , it has become for them to see each other before.

5. 在这种状况下你们如何保持联系的?我们主要考发邮件联系。

– How do you with each other under such ?

-- We by email.

Activity Two: Discuss the following points in groups. Mark the questions if there

are any.

[巧辨异同]

lonely和alone

(1)lonely 为形容词,意为“孤独的;寂寞的;无人烟的,荒凉的”。

过着孤单的生活live a life 一位孤独的老人a old man

感到孤独feel 一座荒岛 a island

他的妻子和两个孩子离他而去后,他很孤独

After his wife and two children left him, he was very .

2)alone 作形容词,意为“单独的,独自的;独一无二的”,只作表语。

他独自在家里。He was in the house.

并非只有我这样想。I am not in thinking so.

(3)alone 还可作副词,意为“单独地,独自地”。

他独自回家了。He went home . 她独居She lived .。

2 happen和take place

happen与take place两者都作“发生”讲,都不能用于被动语态,但它们之间也有差别。

(1)happen指“碰巧发生”,强调偶然性,常指事情在人们无意识、无准备的情况下发生。

这起事故发生在昨天。The accident yesterday.

他家出什么事了? What has to his family?

(2)take place 是不及物动词词组,意为“发生”,指事情按照计划发生。

去年我们村发生了许多巨大变化。

Many great changes in our village last year.

一九一九年,中国爆发了五四运动。In 1919, the May 4th Movement in

China.

(3)take place 还可作“举行”讲,相当于hold。但take place 没有被动语态,而hold

有被动语态。

奥运会每四年举行一次。 The Olympic Games every four years.

婚礼将什么时候举行?

When will the wedding ? =When will the wedding be ?

●3 used to do sth, be/get used to (doing) sth, be used to do sth和be used as

(1)used to do sth 意为“过去常常做某事”,暗含现在不再这样做了,其中to为不定式符

号。

她过去在那所学校教历史。She history in that school.

(2)be/get used to (doing) sth意为“习惯于(做)某事”,其中to为介词。

她已经习惯了乡村生活She the country

life.

(3)be used to do sth=be used for doing sth,意为“被用来做某事”。

邮票被用来寄信。

Stamps send letters.=Stamps sending

letters.

(4)be used as…意为“被用作……”。

这栋楼被用作教学中心。The building a teaching centre.

形合练习

A.谓语与非谓语

1. He (过去)travel by bike in the past.

2. He (live) in the (north) part of the town

center since he ( 结婚).

3.-- you (watch)the amazing interviews about

( 环境) on TV recently? -- (还没有).

4. She (出国)last year and just

(return) from th e USA.

5. you (习惯了) the open space since you

( move )to

the countryside?

6. How many changes have (发生) in your hometown?

B.格性数级

7. The waste and (pollute) from the steel factories are

(turn) the blocks into a dirty area.

8. Does he feel a bit (alone) (有

时)?

9. -- Does the Internet make (communicate) much

(easy)?

-- Yes (没错).

8B Unit 2 基础知识

Objectives: To master the words, phrases and sentences of the units.

Procedures:

Activity One : Check the words , phrases and sentences .

I. Words:

1. beautiful adj. → ________ (n.) 美人,美丽

2. sail v. → ________ (n.) 帆

船运动

3. fly v. → ________ (n.) 航班

4. die v. → ________ (adj.) 死的

5. direct adj. → ________ (adv.)

6. indoor adj. → ________ (反义词)

6. 除了...以外

7. 高山

8. 航班

9. 细节 10.亲戚

II. phrases:

1. 花一整天做某事

2. 在…末尾

3. 自然美的地方

4. 出差

5. 参观名胜

6. 三个半小时

7. 情不自禁做某事 8. 乘飞机直达

III. Sentences:

1. Kitty很想念Millie 因为他们已经一周没有见面了。

Kitty Millie so much because they each other for a

week.

2.每个人都兴奋了而且不停地拍照

Everybody and .

3. 我爸爸去那个城市出差两次了。

My dad the city twice.

4. 到达山上将花我们多长时间?

How long the ?

5.花了我们约三个半小时飞到香港。

It Hong Kong . Activity Two: Discuss the following points in groups. Mark the questions if there are any.

[巧辨异同]

●1 except, besides和except for

(1)except表示“除去,不包括”,指“从所提到的人或事物中除去,即从整体中除去一部分”,表示递减的概念,含义是否定的。

除了周日,这家公司每天都营业。

The company is open every day Sundays.

除了中午,你任何时候来都可以

You may drop in at any time at noon.

(2)besides表示“除了……之外,还有……”,指“在整体中加入一部分”,表示递加的概念,含义是肯定的。

除了汤姆外,我们也都及格了 We all passed the exam Tom.

(3)except for也表示“除……以外”,表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定,起部分修正主要意思的作用。

除了几处语法错误外,你的作文写得很好

Your writing is good a few grammar mistakes.

●2 have/has been to, have/has gone to和have/has been in

(1)have/has been to表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”。

他们去过北京两次了。They Beijing twice.

(2)have/has gone to表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,指可能在去的路上,可能已在某地,也可能在回来的路上。

他去北京了,两个月后回来He Beijing. He will be back in two months.。

(3)have/has been in 表示“在某地”。

他已经在北京三周了。He Beijing for three weeks.

形合练习

A. 谓语与非谓语

1. Hobo (get) his things ready for the hol iday at present? .

2 .Were they (scream) and (laugh) through the ride?

3. Xi Jinping (去过) Donghai. He (visit) Xuetuan Village in 2009.

4. Lily (be not )at home at the moment. She her primary school.

5.The film started 20 minutes ago. = The film ____________ on _______ 20 minutes.

6. The parade finished an hour ago. = The parade _____________ over _______ an hour.

7. Did they arrive in Donghai yesterday? = _____ they _____________ Donghai ___ a

day?

8. Did she leave her home last week? = ______ she __________________ home for a

week?

9. When did he borrow the book? = How long ____________________ the book?

10. When did he join the club? = _______________ he been in the club/a member of

the club?

11. His wife died two years ago. = His wife ____________________ for two years.

12. The couple married ten years ago. = The couple has been ________ for ten years.

B. 格性数级

13. The indoor roller coaster moved at high (速度) and was (real)

exciting.

14. They are going to meet some cute Disney cartoon characters, (例如)Snow White..

15. At the end of the day, I bought (一对)key rings and watched

fireworks.

16. She likes (place) of beauty, such as Mount Tai. Sh e can go there in any season (除了) winter.

17. Are you going to (乘飞机直达) to Chengdu

tomorrow?

18. We should give (细节)to support the main points.

19. Have they bought any presents for their (亲戚) at the airport?

20. The seafood is (delicious)in this restaurant.

(级的问题)

8B Units 1--2 语法知识

Objectives: 现在完成时

现在完成时讲解

一.基本结构:助动词have/has+过去分词(done)

二.句型:

三.用法

(1)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果

I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)

Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义:郭子君现在在这儿)

My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)

(2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用.

①for+时段

②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来)

③since+时段+ago

④since+从句(过去时)

⑤It is+时段+since+从句(过去时)

Mary has been ill for three days.

I have lived here since 1998.

四.has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别

五.现在完成时的标志

1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:

* 以already, just和yet为标志

* 以ever和never为标志

* 以动作发生的次数为标志

他说他已经去过美国三次了。He says he has been to the USA three times.

* 以so far(到目前为止)为标+before

到目前为止他已到了北京。He has got to Beijing so far.

2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。

* ①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点(过去从句)为标志

注意: 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用

六.过去分词

1 、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相

2 、不规则动词:

七.瞬间动词(buy, die, join, come,go ,leave, join ……)不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词

buy----have borrow -----keep come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in

go out----be out leave ----be away begin-----be on finish----be over open----be open close -----be closed die----be dead

★1.have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four

years.

★2用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.

★3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister b een a teacher?

★4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. ★5、用wear代替put on

b)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词

1、be+married代marry

2、be+ill代fall (get) ill

3、be+dead代die

4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep

5、be+awake代wake/wake up

6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave

7、be+open代open 8、be closed代close/shut

9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose

c)用“be+副词”代终止性动词

1“be+on”代start, begin

2“be+up”代get up

3“be+back(to)”代return to, come back to, go back to

4“be here (there)”代come(arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there等等

d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词

1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to

2.用be in the army 代替join the army

3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to

常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表:

1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.

→have been in sw./at…相应的介词

2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back

3. have come/gone out →have been out

4. have become → have been

5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open

6. have got up → have been up;

7. have died → have been dead;

8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.

9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep;

10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over;

11. have married → have been married;

12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ;

13. have begun → have been on

14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had

15. have lost → haven’t had 16. have put on →have worn

17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold;

18. have got to know → have known

19. have/has gone to → have been in

20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army

→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…

现在完成时练习(一)

A)选用have, has填空: 1. I _______ told him the news.

2. She ________ come back from school.

3. You ________ won the game.

B)按要求改写下列各句:

4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句)_______________________________________

5.He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)

_________________________________________

C) 单项选择

6. -Where have you _____, Kate? -I've ______ to the bank.

A. gone, gone

B. been, been

C. gone, been

D. been, gone

7. Her grandfather ______ for two years.

A. died

B. has died

C. has been dead

D. has been died

8. It's six weeks ______ I met you last. A. when B. since C. before D. for

9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.

A. have got

B. have gone to

C. have been to

D. have reached

现在完成时练习(二)一、单项选择。

10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished

C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish

11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in

12、—Do you know him well ? — Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made

13、—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months .

A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived

14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began

15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army . A. is B. has C. will D. was

16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .

A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been

17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been

18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?

A. so they

B. don’t they

C. have they

D. haven’t they

19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?

A. How soon, comes

B. How often, got

C. How long, came

D. How far, arrived

20、 His uncle____for more than 9 years.

A. has come here

B. has started to work

C. has lived there

D. has left the university

二、句型转换。

1、He has never surfed, ?(改成反意疑问句)

2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) ____ ____they been here?

3、The old man _________ last year. He____ for a year. (die) (动词填空)

4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory ________ for twenty years.

5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao ______ _____ ______ ______ an hour ago.

6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .(同义句)

Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .

7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)

_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.

8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考16 定语从句(讲解)

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍—定语从句 【知识方法】 先行词:名词或代词 定语从句 关系代词 关系词 关系副词 【知识清单】 定语从句 知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点! 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。本章只介绍限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、which、whose和关系副词where 、when,关系代词和关系副词是引导词,在定语从句中担当某一成份。 关系代词、副词作用先行词例句 that,who,whom(只做宾语) 主语 宾语 表语 人Do you know the girl who/that is standing under a tree? 你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗?

that,which 主语 宾语 表语物、时间、 地 点、原因 She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her. 她有一台她的父母买给她的电脑。 whose 定语人物The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard. 他的爸爸是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦。 The classroom whose window is open is mine. 窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室。 when 状语时间I still remember the day when you leave for Beijing. 我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。 where 状语地点This is the school where my mother works. 这就是我妈妈工作的学校。 why 状语原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late?你 能解释一下你迟到的原因吗? 二、关系代词在定语从句中的用法(关系代词作宾语时可省略): 1.that指人或物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 This is the pen that you are looking for. The girl that has long hair is my sister. 2.which指物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 The bike which is made in Tianjin sells well. The fish which we bought were not fresh. 3.who, whom指人,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 The boy who broke the window is called Tom. The person to whom he is talking is my father.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲。(宾语) 4.whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。 The girl whose bag is new is called Ann.新书包的那个女孩叫Ann。(指人)

2014中考英语语法知识点总结:动词

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