2010年海文考研英语考前模拟试卷

2010年海文考研英语考前模拟试卷

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

I feel very _1__ to have this opportunity to address the Fourth Europe-Asia Forum. Europe and Asia are two of the world’s major _2__, and there has been a long history of 3 between them. __4_ between the two continents have a deep and far-reaching _5__ on the welfare and future of their peoples, not to say of all mankind. The Europe-Asia Forum, __6_ by the Quandt Foundation, the Institute of Political Studies and the Asia-Europe Foundation, has been instrumental in __7_ the partnership between our two continents in the new century. To be _8_ ，Asia and Europe need to increase their mutual understanding through increased dialogue. I hope my speech today can contribute __9_ the realization of this objective. Now I would like to __10_ with you some of my views on the East Asian and Chinese economies against the background of globalization.

Until 1990, the East Asian economy had been __11_ as the most dynamic in the world. However, under the challenges of economic globalization, Japan has __12_ into a decade of recession, without any signs of recovery _13__ date. The Asian financial crisis in 1997 threw most of the economies in this region into __14_. In early 1999 there were palpable _15__ of a turn to the better. Along with a slow-down of the American economy, however, the cloud of recession once again _16__ the region. The structural deficiencies which had _17__ the crisis were re-emerging.

Due to its importance in the world economy, economic trends in East Asia are _18__ watched. Currently, the questions that need to be addressed are: whether its economic institutions and structure remain able to meet the __19_ of globalization; what the region’s economic _20__ are; what kind of role China can play in the region’s economic recovery.

1. A. respected B. privileged C. pledged D. projected

2. A. continents B. constituents C. constructs D. constitutes

3. A. expansion B. excursion C. existence D. exchanges

4. A. Actions B. Devotions C. Relations D. Decisions

5. A. impact B. impetus C. impulse D. impress

6. A. constituted B. advanced C. decided D. sponsored

7. A. framing B. ejecting C. forging D. inserting

8. A. owners B. partners C. operators D. designers

9. A. on B. to C. for D. with

10. A. share B. side C. compile D. adopt

11. A. rised B. raised C. praised D. braised

12. A. edged B. mocked C. clutched D. slipped

13. A. out B. to C. up to D. until

14. A. recession B. concession C. confession D. confusion

15 A. symptoms B. systems C. signs D. syndromes

16. A overhauled B. overflew C. overlapped D. overcast

17. A. initiated B. irritated C. inhabited D. inherited

18. A. deeply B. highly C. keenly D. kindly

19 A. changes B. charges C. privileges D. challenges

20. A. process B. prospects C. projects D. profiles

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.

Text 1

Charles Dickens, like millions of children all over the world throughout the ages, was enchanted by fairy tales. He acknowledged the deep formative impact that the wondrous figures and events of fairy tales helps children better than anything else in their most difficult, yet most important and satisfying task: achieving a more mature

consciousness to tame the chaotic pressure of their unconsciousness.

Fairy tales, unlike any other form of literature, direct children to discover their identity and calling. These stories hint that a good, rewarding life is within one’s reach despite adversity. They promise that if one dares to engage in this fearsome and taxing search, benevolent powers will come to one’s aid, and that one will succeed. But fairy tales also warn that those who are too timid or narrow-minded to risk themselves must settle for humdrum existence.

In the past, those who loved fairy tales were often subjected to the scorn of pedants. But today many of our children are deprived of the chance to know fairy stories at all. Most children now meet fairy tales, if they encounter them at all, only in prettified versions that subdue their meaning and rob them of all deeper significance. One can see such versions in films and on television, where fairy tales are tamed into empty-minded entertainment.

Throughout history, the intellectual life of children largely depended on mythical and religious stories, and on fairy tales. This traditional literature fed children’s imagination and stimulated their fantasies. At the same time, these stories were a major agent of the child’s socialization. Children could learn social ideals from the material of myths, while fairy tales provide patterns of behavior modeled on these ideals. These were the images of the unconquered heroes, whose life history showed that it is not beneath the dignity of the strongest to clean the filthiest table.

21. The author cited Dickens in order to .

[A] call attention to a person who began by writing fairy tales

[B] support the author’s scorn for those who adapt fairy tales for films and

television

[C] prove the formative influence of fairy tales on writers

[D] provide an example of one who understands the importance of fairy tales to

children

22. It is implied in the second paragraph that .

[A] most fairy tales are success stories

[B] children learn their moral lesson from fairy tales

[C] most fairy tales are too difficult for children to comprehend

[D] children often identify themselves with the characters in fairy tales

23. The author identified all of the following as benefits children derive from fairy

tales EXCEPT .

[A] expressing complex issues in language children can understand

[B] serving as introductions to complex questions by rewarding lifestyles

[C] teaching children the wisdom of facing risks to achieve more fulfilling lives

[D] improving a child’s imagination through models of vivid imagery

24. According to the passage, today’s children seldom experience fairy tales in the

original because these literary forms are .

[A] no longer available

[B] not understandable to children

[C] shortened to entertaining

[D] not relevant to the concerns of contemporary children

25. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?

[A] Many of today’s children lack the important socializing influence of myths

and fairy tales.

[B] Fairy tales provide models for human feelings and are therefore essential to

the growth of children.

[C] The best way to tame a child’s unconscious being is to allow him to

experience fairy tales.

[D] The diminishing importance of the role of fairy tales in child development

explains today’s problems.

Text 2

The scourge that’s plaguing cruise lines—and causing thousands of tourists to rethink their holiday travel plans—didn’t start this year, nor did it even start on a ship. It began, as far as the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) can tell, in Norwalk, U.S., in October 1968, when 116 elementary school children and teachers suddenly became ill. The CDC investigated, and the cause was discovered to be a small, spherical,

previously unclassified virus that scientists named, appropriately enough, the Norwalk virus.

Flash forward 34 years, and Norwalk-like viruses (there’s a whole family of them) are all over the news as one ocean liner after another limps into port with passengers complaining of nausea and vomiting. The CDC, which gets called in whenever more than 2% of a vessel’s passengers come down with the dame disease, identified Norwalk as the infectious agent and oversaw thorough ship cleaning—which, to the dismay of the owners of the cruise lines, haven’t made the problem go away.

So are we in the middle of an oceangoing epidemic? Not according to Dave Forney, chief of the CDC’s vessel-sanitation program. He sees this kind of thing all the time; a similar out break on several ships in Alaska last year got almost no press. In fact, he says, as far as gastrointestinal illness goes, fewer people may be getting sick this year than last.

Norwalk-like viruses, it turns out, are extremely common—perhaps second only to cold viruses—and they tend to break out whenever people congregate in close quarters for more than two or three days. Oceangoing pleasure ships provide excellent breeding grounds, but so do schools, hotels, camps, nursing homes and hospitals. “Whenever we look for this virus,” says Dr. Marc Widdowson, a CDC epidemiologist, “we find it.”Just last week 100 students (of 500) at the V arsity Acres Elementary School in Calgary, Canada, stayed home sick. School trick? Hardly. The Norwalk virus had struck again.

If ocean cruises are your idea of fun, don’t despair. This might even be a great time to go shipping for a bargain. The ships have been cleaned. The food and water have been examined and found virus free. According to the CDC, it was probably the passengers who brought the virus aboard.

Of course, if you are ill or recovering form a stomach bug, you might do everybody for a favor and put off your travel until the infectious period has passed (it can take a couple of weeks). To reduce your chances of getting sick, the best thing to do is wash your hands—frequently and thoroughly—and keep them out of your

mouth.

One more thing: if, like me, you are prone to motion sickness, don’t forget to pack your Dramamine.

26. According to the passage, CDC is an organization that .

[A] works against the Norwalk-like viruses

[B] helps to control diseases

[C] specialized in treat virus in ocean liners

[D] works for the benefits of cruise owners

27. What can be inferred from the words of Dave Forney?

[A] Norwalk-like viruses caused horrors among people.

[B] Norwalk-like viruses can be eliminated by CDC.

[C] Norwalk-like viruses casually appear on vessels.

[D] Norwalk-like viruses co-exist with gastrointestinal illness.

28. The history of Norwalk virus tells us that .

[A] it is named by CDC [B] it caused thousands of tourists sick

[C] it is an ordinary virus [D] it has been eradicated now

29. We can learn from the fourth paragraph that .

[A] students are easily attacked by the Norwalk-like viruses

[B] Norwalk-like viruses tend to break out in closed crowded place

[C] Norwalk-like viruses might cause flu

[D] Norwalk-like viruses are not widespread

30. We know from the author’s suggestions that .

[A] we can bargain about the ocean cruises

[B] people with motion sickness should not travel by ships

[C] passengers might be the cause of Norwalk-like viruses

[D] wash hands is good habit

Text 3

Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV.

The first difference is that a policeman’s real life revolves round criminal law. He

has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a street after someone he wants to talk to.

Little of his time is spent in chatting. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty of stupid, petty crimes.

Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as he’s arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminal is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks little effort is spent on searching.

Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence.

A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: first, as members of a police force they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law. Secondly, as expensive public servants they always have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. For most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.

If the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation that detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple-mindedness-as he sees it---of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime, punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detectives feel, is that nine-tenths of their work is re-catching people who should have stayed behind bars. This makes them rather cynical.

31. A policeman has to be trained in criminal law because .

[A] he must work hard to help reform criminals

[B] he must behave as professional lawyers do

[C] he must be able to tell when and where a crime is committed

[D] he must justify the arrests he makes of criminals

32. What is the most suitable word that describes the work of a policeman according

to the passage?

[A] Dangerous. [B] Distressing.

[C] Demanding. [D] Dramatic.

33. According to the passage, policemen spend most of their time and efforts .

[A] patrolling the street, rain or shine [B] tracking and arresting criminals

[C] collecting and providing evidence [D] consulting the rules of law

34. What’s the policeman’s bigger headache?

[A] He has to get the most desirable results without breaking the law in any way.

[B] He has to justify his arrests while unable to provide sufficient evidence in

most cases.

[C] He can hardly find enough time to learn criminal law while burdened will

numerous criminal cases.

[D] He has to provide the best possible public service at the least possible

expense.

35. Why do policemen feel separated from the rest of the world?

[A] Because they do not receive due support from society.

[B] Because they find people insincere to them.

[C] Because they feel superior to the simple-minded people around them.

[D] Because they suspicious of the people around them.

Text 4

Before a big exam, a sound night’s sleep will do you more good than poring over textbooks. That, at least, is the folk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But such behavioral studies cannot distinguish between two competing theories of why sleep is good for the memory. One says that sleep is when permanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day, but then “edited” at night, to flush away what is superfluous.

To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after a decade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it. The particular stage of sleep in

which the Belgian group is interested in is rapid eye movement(REM) sleep, when brain and body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as if watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of sleep that people are most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams.

Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task during the day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, in response to a light coming on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got faster. What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a pattern---what is referred to as “artificial grammar”. Y et the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was present than when there was not.

What is more, those with more to learn (i.e., the “grammar”, as well as the mechanical task of pushing the button) have more active brains. The “editing”theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuli would be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposed to unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep.

The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt. So now, on the eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door.

36. The phrase “poring over”in the first sentence of the text may be best interpreted as .

[A] memorizing with great effort [B] studying with close attention

[C] learning earnestly from [D] going thoroughly through

37. The reason why sleep is good for the memory .

[A] is to be clarified by behavioral psychology

[B] is rooted in its function of relaxing the brain

[C] lies in its contribution to the formation of lasting memories

[D] stems from its compiling memories and ridding things unwanted

38. During REM sleep, which of the following will happen?

[A] An increase in brain activities. [B] A drop in blood pressure.

[C] The slowing down of the heartbeat [D] The review of the day’s experiences.

39. The experimenters found that their subjects .

[A] learnt quickly how to respond to the light stimuli

[B] pushed the button faster in the absence of the light pattern

[C] increased their response time as they learnt the artificial grammar

[D] picked up the artificial grammar during their REM sleep

40. The Belgian group reached the conclusion that .

[A] the second theory failed to cover all the brain responses during sleep

[B] REM sleep reactivates the connections between the nerves and the memory

[C] it’s beyond doubt that the subjects were learning in contrast with unlearning

[D] the brain works more efficiently by knowing a set pattern of things to be learnt Part B

Directions:

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks.

It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality. Every experience teaches the child something and the effects are cumulative. “Upbringing”is normally used to refer to the treatment and training of the child within the home. 41) ____________. In a society such as ours, both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities provided for the development of the child, so that upbringing and education are interdependent. The ideals and practices of child rearing vary from culture. 42)

________________. In more technologically developed societies, the period of childhood and adolescence tends to be extended over a long time, resulting in more opportunity for education and greater variety in character development.

Early upbringing in the home is naturally affected both by the cultural pattern of the community and by the parents’ capabilities and their aims and depends not only on upbringing and education but also on the innate abilities of the child. 43) ____________.

Parents can ascertain what is normal in physical, mental and social development, by referring to some of the many books based on scientific knowledge in these areas, or, less reliably, since the sample is smaller, by comparing notes with friends and relatives who have children.

44) ___________. They use general information only as a guide in making decisions and solving problems. For example, they will need specific suggestion for problems such as speech defects or backwardness in learning to walk or control of bodily functions. In the more general sense, though, problems of upbringing are recognized to be problems of relationships within the individual family, the first necessity being a secure emotional background with parents who are united in their attitude to their children.

All parents have to solve the problems of freedom and disciplines. The younger the child, the more readily the mother gives in to his demands to avoid disappointing. She knows that if his energies are not given an outlet, her child’s continuing development may be warped. 45) ____________. Similarly, throughout life, each stage depends on the satisfactory completion of the one before.

[A] Intelligent parents, however, realize that particular setting of each family is unique, and there can be no rigid general rules.

[B] This is closely related to the treatment and training of the child in schools, which is usually distinguished by the term “education”.

[C] Help your child to interpret what she sees—to think of explanations for the events depicted and to imagine how the show is put together. Make simple critiques of a show without implying that her fascination with the drama and the weapons makes

her guilty by association.

[D] An example of this is the young child’s need to play with mud and sand and water. A child must be allowed to enjoy this “messy”but tactile stage of discovery before he is ready to go on to the less physical pleasures of toys and books.

[E] Children naturally often want the toys shown on and advertised during those programs.

[F] Wide differences of innate intelligence and temperament exist even in children of the same family.

[G] In general, the more rural the community, the more uniform are the customs of child upbringing.

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.

Judging goodness is not an exact science. Received opinion has, over the ages, recommended various pursuits for the benefits they purportedly bestow, from wearing hair shirts and reading the Bible to cleaning one’s plate at dinner time and listening to Mozart. (46) Self-improvement, be it of body or of mind, is the key, we are told, to individual happiness and collective well-being; striving to find what is good for us will lead us to the good life and the good society.

But does science help or hinder? Historians have often identified the scientific revolution of the late 17th and 18th centuries as the watershed that separated the moderns from the ancients in says of knowing the world. (47) As a result, superstition, tradition and custom no longer stood as the primary authorities that could explain, legitimate and preserve the status quo. (48) The emerging spirit of inquiry and discovery released humanity from pre-modern unenlightenment; out of the darkness came the gas lamp, the electric light bulb and the ultraviolet beam, shedding light on man’s formerly slavish, subordinated state of being.

In this Whiggish narrative of progress, science plays its benevolent part in bringing mankind to a higher stage of evolution. (49) Elemental forces are mastered

and managed: killer diseases no longer kill, long distances cease to be prohibitive, mass media and communications transform our knowledge of societies outside our own. The length and quality of life increase in tandem with the onward procession of scientists, physicians, inventors and techno-entrepreneurs.

Anxieties about where technology might lead us are therefore part of the broader malaise of our impoverished democracy. (50) If we are to feel confident about the power of science to build a brighter future, then we must create structures for the development of moral consensus, through debate and dialogue, across communities and societies at all levels. A socially integrated, politically connected, virtuous science cannot be successfully locked into an inclusive, democratic system when that system itself is weak and failing.

Section III Writing

Part A

51. Directions:

Y ou failed to go to an appointment with Mr. Wang. Write a letter to him to apologize for missing the appointment, explain your reasons, and ask for another meeting.

Y ou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”instead. Do not write the address. (10points)

Part B

52. Directions:

Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1) describe the drawing briefly,

2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by it, and

3) give your comments on this phenomenon.

Y ou should write 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

地球上的最后一滴水将是你的眼泪

【资格考试】2019最新整理-考研英语模拟试题1(一)

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