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从句简单讲解

从句简单讲解
从句简单讲解

小谈从句

从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子,(从句是在连接词后面的那一句)在英语中主要有三大从句,即:

1. 名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)

2. 定语从句

3. 状语从句(包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。

1)主语从句用作主语,如:

That the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的是真实的。

2)宾语从句用作宾语。如:

Do you know where is his hometown?

3)表语从句用作表语,如:

My opinion is that you should not go alone. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。

4)同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如:

The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的。(that从句用于解释说明the fact)

5)定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词。如:

The student who answered the question deserved to be praised. 回答问题的学生值得表扬.

6)状语从句相当于一个副词,如:

When it is sunny, I usually go to work on foot. 天气晴朗时,我步行去上班。(时间状语)

If she comes the day after tomorrow, you will see her. 如果她后天来,你就可以看见她。(if 引导的条件状语从句,其结构为:if +状语从句,+主句)。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,而从句却要用一般现在时表示将来(状语从句里面从句没有将来时)。

He returned home to learn his daughter had just been divorced.他回家后得知女儿刚刚离婚了。(结果状语,结果状语只是仅限于learn(得知),find(发现),see,hear,to be told(被告知),make(使得)等具有界限含义的动词。)

Y ou must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必须大声说话,才能让所有人听到你说话。(目的状语,可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导。)

Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to cancel our journey. 天气那么糟,我们不得不推迟旅行。(原因状语从句,常用because, since,

as, for fear (恐怕), seeing that (既然) ,now that (=since), considering that (考虑到) 等引导。)

Although/Though he was worn out, he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了,但仍然继续工作。(让步状语从句,引导的连词主要有以下这些:though, although, as; even if, even though; whether...or...; no matter+疑问词,疑问词-ever.)

Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方树很多。(地点状语从句,通常由where, wherever 引导。)

As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。(方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。)

主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语。如:

I am a student. 其中,I 是主语,am是谓语,a student 是表语。

She likes playing badminton every Monday. 其中,she是主语,likes 是谓语,playing badminton是宾语,every Monday是时间状语。

初中英语语法——三大从句汇总(重点笔记)知识讲解

初中英语语法——三大从句汇总 在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即 状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。以 下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例: The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示: 先行词主格宾格所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that — (一)关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。例如: An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。

I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school.我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。 Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。whom代替人,是宾格,在定语从句作宾语,在非正式英语常可省略。例如:Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗? This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago.这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。 The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。(在非正式英语中,主格who代替了宾格whom,亦可省略) whose一般代替人,有时亦可代替物,是所有格,在定语从句作定语。例如:The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在国外留学。 Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字,你知道吗?(关系代词whose指代先行词hotel,正式用法应该用of which。whose window=the window of which,意思是:the window of the hotel。) (二)关系代词which的用法 which代替物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略。例如: I do not like stories which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。(which可以换成that) Tom works for a factory which makes watches. 汤姆在一个制表厂工作。(which可以换成that) (三)关系代词that的用法 that既可指人又可指物,在当代英语中大多指物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略。例如: Is she the girl that sells newspapers? 她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗?(that可以换成who) Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge?

初中英语时间状语从句讲解及练习

语法 29时间状语从句 一、什么是状语从句 状语就是在一句话中表示该句子的时间、地点、方式、原因、条件等成分。状语从句就是用一个从 句表示状语。状语从句根据它表达的意思不同,可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等九类。 与状语一样,状语从句的位置比较灵活。既可置于主句之前(通常用逗号与主句隔开),也课置于主句之后(不需要用逗号与主句隔开),有时甚至可以置于主句之中。 二、时间状语从句 1. 主句和从句同时发生,这类从句由从属连词when, while, as引导。 He was hungry when he came home. I was crying while everyone was laughing. As I walked out, he walked in. as, when, while, 的区别 ① as强调从句的动作与主句动作同时发生及持续,具有at the same time的意思 他继续往下谈的时候,越来越兴奋。 as还可以表示一边??一边??,强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行。 他们边走边聊。 as还有“ 随着”的含义 随着春天的到来,天气暖和起来。 ② when 强调动作点的特定时间,具有at the time that 的意思 当老师走进来的时候,我们都站起来了。 ③ while 表示较长的期间,具有during the time that 的意思 当我在这的时候,我很安全。 2.主句发生在从句之前,这类从句由从属连词before, until 引导 ,before 意为“ 在---之前” until 在肯定句中意为“直到 --- 为止”,在否定句中意为“直到 --- 才”。从句既可置于主句前,也可置 于主句之后。 回家之前我必须干完所有的活。

中考英语三大从句练习与答案解析

中考从句讲与练 定语从句: (一)基础:引导词---who, which, that, whom, 练习1.I like cities___________are quiet and clean. 2.I prefer students _________are hard- working. 3.I hate TV shows _________ are noisy and boring. 4.The music __________ is gentle and quiet attracts me a lot. 5.The food __________tastes delicious is not always healthy. 6.Those boys ___________ are playing basketballs over there are from Class Fifteen. 7.The books ____________ are written by Lu Xun are worth reading. 8.The town ___we visited last week is much larger than before.9.The book ___ he bought is very interesting. (二)特例:只用that的情况 1先行词被___________或___________所修饰,或本身是______________________时,只能用 that, 2.被修饰的先行词为 ________________________________________________等不定代词时, 只能用 that. 3.先行词被 _____________________________________________等词修饰时,只能用 that,而不用 which。 4.先行词里同时含有______________________,如I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 5. 以______________________引导的特殊疑问句,只能用that.如: Who is the girl that is crying? 练习1. I am interested in everything___ is about the 2006 World Cup. 2. Is there anything___I can do for you? 3. This is the very bike ______I lost 4.To my surprise, he gave me nothing __ I need. 5.This is the best dictionary __ I have ever used. 6. He was the first person _______passed the exam. 7.He talked happily about the men and books________interested him greatly. (三)whose 1. The student ______father works in the factory is sitting there. 2. I like the rooms ______windows face south. 3. This is the desk ______legs were broken. 4The woman ___ umbrella you took is angry about it.5.Here comes a girl ___ handwriting is the best . 6The banana __skin is green can’t be eaten.7That tall tree _ leaves are yellow is very old. (四)从句谓语单复数由先行词确定,时态由从句时间状语决定,不必跟主句保持一致。 1-He is one of the boys who ____ (doesn’t, don’t) finish doing homework. 2-I like films which ____(be) exciting and interesting. 3-Children who often ____(eat) junk food are easy to become fat and unhealthy. 4-That boy who _____(run) fastest is from our class. 5Those boys who ____ playing the guitar are from our school. (be) 6The trees which _____ (be) watered yesterday belong to them. 7The man who ____ over there is our teacher.(stand) 8Those boys who ____ playing the guitar are from our school. (be) 9Mr. Brown is one of the foreign experts _______ _________ (work) in China. 10I’m one of the boys ______ ________(like) English best. (五)“介词+关系代词”注意:介词的选用要考虑: A.与先行词的搭配关系 1)I will never forget the day __________ I joined the army. 2) I will never forget the days ______ I worked here. 3) I will never forget the year ____________ my son went to college. B. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯 1)Have you found the book ________I paid 29 dollars? 2)Have you found the book ________I spent 29 dollars? 3)Have you found the book _____________we learnt a lot? 4) Have you found the book _______she often talks? 关系副词的用法 练习:1. It must be a good place ________________we can do a lot of exercise.

英语语法从句讲解

从句 从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类: 即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。 引导从句的词称作关联句. 一、名词性从句 引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括: 从属连词that, if, whether; 连接代词 who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,wh ose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。 其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分, 而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句) [提示]

1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语 从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.

时间状语从句讲解和练习

时间状语从句 用句子表达一件事情或一个行为发生的时间,这个句子就叫时间状语从句。时间状语从句根据其所表示的时间不同,所使用的连词也不同。下面我们一起来看一下几个常见的时间状语从句: 1.when引导的从句:表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生,或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。 例如:I was going out when a visitor came. (动词动作同时发生。)我正要出门,有客人来访。 I shall tell her the good news when she comes.她来时,我将告诉她这个好消息。 小试牛刀:I found mother cooking for me. I got home.(when)_______________________________________ He was listening to the radio when I home. (get) 2.while 引导的从句:表示“当……过程中”,强调某一段时间内主句和从句中谓语动词所表示的动作在同一时期发生。由于while从句表示一个持续的行为,所以从句中要用持续性动词,并且持续性动词常用进行时态。 例如:Keep an eye on my little sister while I am away.我不在时,请照看一下我的小妹妹。 While we were watching TV, Jim came in. 我们看电视的时候,Jim进来了。 小试牛刀:It started to rain. We were playing football.(while)_______________________________________ Lucy was cleaning the room Lily was listening to music. 3.as引导的时间状语从句:表示“当……的时候;一边……一边……;随着……”,其从句的主语与主句的主语往往是同一人或物。 例如:She sang as she worked. 她一边工作一边唱歌。=She was singing as she was working. I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 正当他下公共汽车时, 我看见了他。 小试牛刀: we walked, we talked. You will grow wiser you grow older. 4.before引导的从句:一般表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前。 例如:I didn’t know any English before I came here. 我到这儿来之前,一点英语都不懂。 例如:I had written my report before my father came back. 小试牛刀:He bought the ticket he went to see the film. 5.after引导的从句:表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。 例如:After he locked the door, he left. 他锁上门后,就走了。 After he had finished his work, he played a game of chess with his friend. 他做完工作后,和朋友下了一盘棋。 小试牛刀:I will go out to play basketball with you. I finish my homework.(after) _______________________ _ He left the classroom he had finished his homework the other day. 6.since引导的从句:表示“自从……以来”,从句中的动词一般表示动作的起点,用过去时。主句中的动词表示动作延续的情况,一般用现在完成时。如果主句中的动词表示的不是延续的动作而是表示目前的状态,可用一般现在时。 例如:Since he met this good friend, he has made great progress in his studies. 自从遇见了这个好朋友,他已在学习上取得了巨大的进步。 例如:It is twenty years since she joined the Party. 她入党二十年了。(主句中的动词表示的是状态,用现在时。) 小试牛刀:it is five years since we last time.(meet) Mr green has taught in that school since he (come) to China three years ago.

中考英语三大从句练习及答案解析

中考英语三大从句练习及答案解析 定语从句: (一)基础:引导词---who, which, that, whom, 练习1.I like cities___________are quiet and clean. 2.I prefer students _________are hard- working. 3.I hate TV shows _________ are noisy and boring. 4.The music __________ is gentle and quiet attracts me a lot. 5.The food __________tastes delicious is not always healthy. 6.Those boys ___________ are playing basketballs over there are from Class Fifteen. 7.The books ____________ are written by Lu Xun are worth reading. 8.The town ___we visited last week is much larger than before.9.The book ___ he bought is very interesting. (二)特例:只用that的情况 1先行词被___________或___________所修饰,或本身是______________________时,只能用 that, 2.被修饰的先行词为 ________________________________________________等不定代词时, 只能用 that. 3.先行词被 _____________________________________________等词修饰时,只能用 that,而不用which。 4.先行词里同时含有______________________,如I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 5. 以______________________引导的特殊疑问句,只能用that.如: Who is the girl that is crying? 练习1. I am interested in everything___ is about the 2006 World Cup. 2. Is there anything___I can do for you? 3. This is the very bike ______I lost 4.To my surprise, he gave me nothing __ I need. 5.This is the best dictionary __ I have ever used. 6. He was the first person _______passed the exam. 7.He talked happily about the men and books________interested him greatly. (三)whose 1. The student ______father works in the factory is sitting there. 2. I like the rooms ______windows face south. 3. This is the desk ______legs were broken. 4The woman ___ umbrella you took is angry about it.5.. 6The banana __skin is green can’t be eaten.7That tall tree _ leaves are yellow is very old. (四)从句谓语单复数由先行词确定,时态由从句时间状语决定,不必跟主句保持一致。 1-He is one of the boys who ____ (doesn’t, don’t) finish doing homework. 2-I like films which ____(be) exciting and interesting. 3- 4-That boy who _____(run) fastest is from our class. 5Those boys who ____ playing the guitar are from our school. (be) 6The trees which _____ (be) watered yesterday belong to them. 7The man who ____ over there is our teacher.(stand) 8Those boys who ____ playing the guitar are from our school. (be) 9Mr. Brown is one of the foreign experts _______ _________ (work) in China. 10I’m one of the boys ______ ________(like) English best. (五)“介词+关系代词”注意:介词的选用要考虑: A.与先行词的搭配关系 1)I will never forget the day __________ I joined the army. 2) I will never forget the days ______ I worked here. 3) I will never forget the year ____________ my son went to college.

时间状语从句讲解与练习

时间状语从句讲解与练习

when, while 和as 引导时间状语从句的用法 一、when 的用法 如果只从现象来看,when 从句用的最多的是一般过去时,而主句的时态没有限制,根据具体情况而定。 1. When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。 2. When she came into my room, I was just reading a book. 她走进我房间时,我正在看书。 3. Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候,你在写信吗? 4. Sorry, I was out when you called me. 对不起,你打电话来的时候我出去了。 5. He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. 他正要走,这时有人敲门。 6. I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说话的时候,我也想到了。 7. I had hardly[scarcely] closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door. 我刚一闭上眼,就有人在敲门了。

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