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通信概论习题参考答案

通信概论习题参考答案
通信概论习题参考答案

大学英语四级模拟试题十五(附含答案解析)课件.doc

大学英语四级模拟题十五 7’) Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news 一二三四五主观题客观题总分核查人 report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line Part I Writing through the center. (1 5’) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to News Report One express your Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you’ve just heard. thanks to one of your friends whohelped you most whenyou were in difficulty. 1. A) 250, 000 at 50 centres. C) 255, 000 at 50 centres. You B) 250, 000 at 55 centres. D) 255,000 at 55 centres. should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 2. A) Electronic detection. B) Telephone call screening. C) Fingerprints identification. Part II Listening Comprehension D) Sunday’s dress rehearsal. (2 5’) Section A (1 ’×7 = News Report Two word 版本整理分享

通信概论04742 201204

全国2012年4月高等教育自学考试 通信概论试题 课程代码:04742 一、单项选择题(本大题共25小题,每小题1分,共25分) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1.模拟信号数字化过程的顺序是() A.抽样、编码、滤波B.量化、抽样、编码 C.编码、滤波、量化D.抽样、量化、编码 2.二进制码具有抗干扰能力强,易于产生等优点,以下通常采用二进制码的技术是() A.PSM B.PCM C.TSM D.ATM 3.抽样就是以一定的间隔采集模拟信号的瞬时值,这个间隔就是() A.比特间隔B.码间间隔 C.时间间隔D.空间间隔 4.编码技术分为() A.数字编码和模拟编码B.参量编码和滤波编码 C.波形编码和参量编码D.抽样编码和量化编码 5.VSAT卫星网中,内向传输是指VSAT小站经过某个路径,向主站发送信号,该路径是() A.网内系统B.网间系统 C.网内链接D.内向信道 6.一个正弦信号的频率是1kHz,那么它的周期等于() A.1s B.4ms C.1ms D.0.05ms 7.地波是指频率较低(大约2MHz以下)的电磁波,具有() A.直射特征B.绕射能力 C.折射现象D.散射能力 8.把不同特性或不同信源的信号进行合成,以便共享通信资源。该技术就是多址接入和() A.扩展B.缓冲 C.多路复用D.多路合成 9.接收设备的目的是从受到干扰和减损的接收信号中正确恢复出原始电信号,其功能是放大和反变换,如() A.滤波和译码B.编码和压缩 C.滤波和压缩D.解码和编码 10.信源可以分为() A.电流信源和电子信源B.模拟信源和数字信源 C.模拟信源和电压信源D.数字信源和电压信源 11.将点信号加载到光源的发射光束上变成光信号即是() A.光输入B.光放大

(完整版)简便运算的练习题和答案汇总

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378+527+73 169+78+22 58+39+42+61 138+293+62+107 (4)乘法分配律:(a+b)×c=a×c+b×c 正用练习 (80+4)×25 (20+4)×25 (125+17)×8 25×(40+4)15×(20+3) (5)乘法分配律正用的变化练习: 36×3 25×41 39×101 125×88 201×24 (6)乘法分配律反用的练习: 34×72+34×28 35×37+65×37 85×82+85×18

25×97+25×3 76×25+25×24 (7)乘法分配律反用的变化练习: 38×29+38 75×299+75 64×199+64 35×68+68+68×64 ☆思考题:(8)其他的一些简便运算。 800÷25 6000÷125 3600÷8÷5 58×101-58 74×99 【思路导航】在除法里,被除数和除数同时乘或除以一个相同的数,商不变。 325÷25 =(325×4)÷(25×4) =1300÷100 =13 【练一练1】(1)450÷25(2)525÷25 (3)3500÷125

现代通信概论论文

随着计算机技术的广泛普及与计算机远程信息处理应用的发展,数据通信应运而生,它实现了计算机与计算机之间,计算机与终端之间的传递。由于不同业务需求的变化及通信技术的发展使得数据通信经过了不同的发展历程。 首先说明无线移动通信与有线固定通信一同快速发展的趋势;然后着重讲述无线动通信蜂窝网从模拟至数字和即将进入第三代系统的快速发展历程和今后趋向;最后简单说明无线卫星通信微波通信也要加快步伐继续向前发展,以发挥重要作用。无线移动通信与有线固定通信一同发展 人们常把有线固定通信和无线移动通信作为信息基础结构(NII/GII)的两大组成部分。近年来它们都以明显的快速步伐向前推进,而且进入新世纪后将更加快速发展,为兴旺的信息时代作出贡献。传统的有线固定通信网是“公用交换电话网”PSTN(P ublic Switched Telephone Network),长期来一直保持平稳扩大建设,促使人们普遍装用固定终端的电话机。但是,自90年代中期起,国际互联网Internet兴起,使全世界的传统通信网受到前所未有的巨大冲击。广大的通信用户开始普遍装用计算机,数据通信的业务量每年急剧上涨,其增长率远远超过传统电话的每年增长率。按照这样的势头,进入新世纪后的五年左右,全世界的数据信息业务量总数将追上电话信息业务量总数,而且以后超过的越来越多。因此未来的通信传送网将是以数据信息为重点的分组交换网(Packet Switching),并且承担电话通信的传送,不再利用原有的电路交换(Circuit Switching),但仍保证电话特有的业务质量(QoS)指标。随着计算机技术改进和功能加多,数据通信将延伸至包含音频、视频信息配合的多媒体通信。这样,未来的有线固定通信网,将能承担所有信息业务传送的统一通信网,必将是大容量通信网。 第一章对通信概论的认识 所谓通信,最简单的理解,也是最基本的理解,就是人与人沟通的方法。无论是现在的电话,还是网络,解决的最基本的问题,实际还是人与人的沟通。现代通信技术,就是随着科技的不断发展,如何采用最新的技术来不断优化通信的各种方式,让人与人的沟通变得更为便捷,有效。这是一门系统的学科,目前炙手可热的3G就是其中的重要课题。 通信实际上是由一地向另一地的传送含有信息的消息。通信中所含有的消息。所有不同的形式。例如符号,文字,语言,图像,数据等。因而根据所传送

全国2012年7月高等教育自学考试_04742通信概论试题及答案

全国2012年7月高等教育自学考试 通信概论试题 课程代码:04742 一、单项选择题(本大题共25小题,每小题1分,共25分) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1.观察眼图时,当“眼睛”张大时,表示码间串扰( ) A.没有 B.很大 C.较大 D.小 2.在无线传输中,设发射的射频信号波长为λ,要想保证有效的辐射,所需的天线长度一般应大于( ) A.λ/2 B.λ/3 C.λ/4 D.λ/5 3.通信系统中接收设备的功能是放大和( ) A.反变换 B.压缩 C.整形 D.整流 4.在FM和PM这两种调制过程中,都保持恒定不变的是( ) A.载波的频率 B.载波的相位 C.载波的幅度 D.载波的频率和相位 5.调频信号的解调就是要产生一个与调频信号的频率呈线性关系的( ) A.输入电流 B.输出电压 C.输入电压 D.输出电流 6.2DPSK系统是一种实用的数字调相系统,其抗加性白噪声性能与2PSK相比是( ) A.好于2PSK B.时好时差 C.相同 D.差于2PSK https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4f7159127.html,ITT为程控数字交换机的模拟用户规定的BORSCHT功能含有( ) A.6项功能 B.7项功能 C.8项功能 D.9项功能 8.在PCM时分复用一次群中,每一路基带信号占用帧内的一个( ) A.时隙 B.空间

C.位置 D.频点 9.多普勒扩展引起的衰落与( ) A.时间有关 B.建筑物高度有关 C.距离有关 D.空气折射率有关 10.跳时码分多址主要是用于( ) A.第一代移动通信领域 B.军事抗干扰通信领域 C.第二代移动通信设备 D.第二代半移动通信网络 11.通信系统中信源是消息的发源地,其作用是通过传感器把消息转换为( ) A.语音信号 B.原始电信号 C.IP分组 D.已调信号 12.通信系统中发送设备的功能是将信道匹配于( ) A.交换设备 B.信源 C.传输设备 D.信号 13.幅度调制中,调制的实质是进行( ) A.频谱搬移 B.幅度缩小 C.幅度放大 D.频率扩大 14.对于模拟信号,信号带宽与信道带宽的关系是( ) A.前者大于后者 B.两者相等 C.前者小于后者 D.前者大于等于后者 15.夜晚,在天波传播中电离层反射高频电磁波主要是在( ) A.A层 B.D层 C.E层 D.F层 16.若抽样速率f S<2f H,则会产生( ) A.叠加失真 B.混合失真 C.相对失真 D.混叠失真 17.理想抽样频谱的包络是( ) A.一条曲线 B.一条水平线 C.一条垂线 D.一条斜线 18.在PCM中,对于语音、图像等随机信号,量化误差是( ) A.随机的 B.固定的

英语四级模拟试题及答案.

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids (小行星) now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists. Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids (流星) that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth and don’t threaten us. But there are also thousands of asteroids whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth. Buy $50 million worth of new telescopes right now. Then spend $10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, we’ll have a way to change its course. Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldn’t be cheap. Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk re: 1) How likely the event is; and 2) How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500,000 years. Sounds pretty rare—but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world. “If we don’t take care of these big asteroids, they’ll take care of us,” says one scientist. “It’s that simple.” The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth? “The world has less to fear from doomsday (毁灭性的) rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them,” said a New York Times article. 21. What does the passage say about asteroids and meteoroids? A) They are heavenly bodies different in composition. B) They are heavenly bodies similar in nature.

计算题例题答案

1. Mg(OH)2 的溶解度为 1.3×10-4 mol·L -1 ,如果在 10 ml 0.10 mol·L -1 MgCl 2 溶液中加入 10 ml 0.10 mol·L -1 NH 3·H 2O ,若要不使 Mg(OH)2沉淀析出 ,则需要加入固体 (NH 4)2SO 4多少克?( K b ? (NH 3) =1.8×10-5 ,(NH 4)2SO 4 的式量为 132 )。 解:因为是等体积混合 ,所以混合后的浓度各自减半 : [Mg 2+ ]=0.050(mol ·L -1) [NH 3·H 2O]=0.050(mol ·L -1) Mg(OH)2的溶度积为 1.3×10-4×(2×1.3×10-4)2 = 8.8×10-12 若Mg(OH)2沉淀不析出 ,则[OH - ]≤050 .0108.812 -?=1.3×10-5(mol ·L -1) 而 ] []][[34NH OH NH -+ =K b Θ NH 3 =1.8×10-5 ][4 +NH =5 510 3.105 .0108.1--???=0.069(mol ·L -1) 需要(NH 4)2SO 4量为 0.5×0.069×132× 1000 20 =0.091 (g) 2、将 Ag 放在含有 AgBr 沉淀的 0.500 mol·L -1 KBr 溶液中,Zn 片放在0.100 mol·L -1 的ZnSO 4 溶液中,组成原电池。 (1) 写出该原电池符号; (2) 写出正、负极反应式和电池反应式; (3) 计算该原电池的电动势 。 (E ?( Zn 2+/ Zn) =-0.763 v ,E ?( Ag + / Ag) =0.799 v ,Ksp ?(AgBr) =5.0×10-13 ) 解:⑴ Zn │ ZnSO 4 (0.100 mol ·L - 1) ║ KBr (0.500 mol ·L - 1) ,AgBr │ Ag ⑵ 2 AgBr + Zn = 2 Ag + 2 Br - + Zn 2+ ⑶ ? ( Ag + / Ag) =?Θ( Ag + / Ag) + 0.0592 lg [Ag + ] =0.799 + 0.0592 lg (500 .0100.513 -?)=0.0898 (v) ? ( Zn 2 + / Zn) =? Θ( Zn 2+ / Zn) + 2 0591.0lg [Zn 2+ ] =-0.763 + 20591 .0lg 0.100 =-0.793 (v) E = ? ( Ag + / Ag) - ? ( Zn 2 + / Zn) =0.0898 + 0.793 =0.883 (v) 1、已知电对 H 3AsO 4 + 2 H + + 2 e - = H 3AsO 3 + H 2O E ?=+0.559 v ; 电对 I 3- + 2 e - = 3 I - ,E ?=+0.536 v 。 (1)计算下列反应的 K ?: H 3AsO 3 + I 3- + H 2O = H 3AsO 4 + 3 I - + 2 H + (2)如果溶液的 pH =7,上述反应朝什么方向进行? (3)如果溶液中的 c (H +)= 6 mol ?L -1,反应朝什么方向进行?

2012年12月英语四级考试模拟试题及答案(4)

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated ____47 ___? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afraid to ask someone for a date. Many people are afraid to assert(表现)themselves. Dr. Alberti thinks it's because their self-respect is low. "Our whole ____48 ___ is designed to make people distrust themselves," says Alberti. "There's always '____49 ___' around-a parent, a teacher, a boss-who 'knows better'. These superiors often gain when they chip(削弱) away at your self-image." But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people ____50 ___ themselves. They ____51 ___ "assertiveness training" courses-At for short. In the AT courses people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be more ____52 ___ without hurting other people. In one way. learning to speak out is to ____53 ___ fear. A group taking a course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But AT uses an even stronger ____54 ___-the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels. Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image. If someone you face is more "important" than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to ____55 ___ your own good sense. You go by the other person's ____56___ . But, why should you? AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out. [A] doubt [I] peace [B] active [J] demand [C] system [K] ask [D] offer [L] superior [E] unfairly [M] overcome [F] unfortunately [N] confidence [G] motive [O] roar [H] image Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Passage One Question 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Among all the animals, the ape is most like human beings. Both people and apes have the similar brain structure, the similar nerve system, and the similar kind of blood. There are four kinds of apes: the chimpanzee(黑猩猩), the orangutan(猩猩), the gorilla(大猩猩), and the gibbon(长臂猿). They live in the deep forests and warm tropical regions of Africa and of Southeast Asia, including Indonesia.

计算方法练习题与答案

练习题与答案 练习题一 练习题二 练习题三 练习题四 练习题五 练习题六 练习题七 练习题八 练习题答案 练习题一 一、是非题 1.*x=–1 2.0326作为x的近似值一定具有6位有效数字,且其误差限 ≤ 4 10 2 1 - ? 。() 2.对两个不同数的近似数,误差越小,有效数位越多。( ) 3.一个近似数的有效数位愈多,其相对误差限愈小。( ) 4.用 2 1 2 x - 近似表示cos x产生舍入误差。( )

5. 3.14和 3.142作为π的近似值有效数字位数相同。 ( ) 二、填空题 1. 为了使计算 ()()2334912111y x x x =+ -+ ---的乘除法次数尽量少,应将该 表达式改写为 ; 2. * x =–0.003457是x 舍入得到的近似值,它有 位有效数字,误差限 为 ,相对误差限为 ; 3. 误差的来源是 ; 4. 截断误差为 ; 5. 设计算法应遵循的原则是 。 三、选择题 1.* x =–0.026900作为x 的近似值,它的有效数字位数为( ) 。 (A) 7; (B) 3; (C) 不能确定 (D) 5. 2.舍入误差是( )产生的误差。 (A) 只取有限位数 (B) 模型准确值与用数值方法求得的准确值 (C) 观察与测量 (D) 数学模型准确值与实际值 3.用 1+x 近似表示e x 所产生的误差是( )误差。 (A). 模型 (B). 观测 (C). 截断 (D). 舍入 4.用s *=21 g t 2表示自由落体运动距离与时间的关系式 (g 为重力加速度),s t 是在 时间t 内的实际距离,则s t - s *是( )误差。 (A). 舍入 (B). 观测 (C). 模型 (D). 截断 5.1.41300作为2的近似值,有( )位有效数字。 (A) 3; (B) 4; (C) 5; (D) 6。 四、计算题

现代通信概论结课论文

手机应用 如何改变了我们的生活 成员

手机的普及改变人们传统的生产、生活方式 如果说通信对我们的生活产生了重要影响,那么手机无疑是众多通信产品中产生影响最大的一个。国际电信联盟最新报告指出,手机是人类历史上被接受最快的技术产品。 诞生仅仅20年,手机的基本功能已大大超越了移动通话,拍照、电视、多媒体播放器、高速网络浏览器、GPS导航仪、无线连接……越来越丰富的功能被加载到了手机上。“只要拥有一部手机,你几乎可以做任何事情。”通信专家预言的“手机革命”正在部分地变为现实。可以预见,手机的功能和应用在未来还将不断推陈出新。 首先,未来的手机将更加智能化,成为人们不可或缺的智能伙伴。硬件、软件技术的发展,与网络服务的结合,使手机用户可以通过手机上网看新闻、看电视、写微博;可以用手机拍一段视频或者照片上传到网上,和更多的人分享,并且马上收到别人的反馈;可以用手机去控制家里的电器。未来,随着网络和后台支撑系统的不断增强,手机将能够提供更加虚拟化、人性化的服务。 其次,手机将成为最大的信息载体。目前,人们通过传统的报纸、杂志、广播、电视及新兴的互联网来获取信息。将来,手机会将这些载体融为一体,所有的信息都可以通过手机平台来获取,并且用户可以实时参与互动、交流。这时,手机就是一个向世界发布信息的传声筒。 再次,手机将成为无处不在的网络传感器。一旦所有的手机都上网,每一个手机用户的动态就可以通过网络实时地反映所在地区的动态。如果把所有手机的智能信息整合在一起,我们将会看到一幅不可思议的世界动态全景图片。最新气象信息不再依靠数以百计的传感器监控,而是借助上亿个手机传感器而测定;交通路况也不再仅仅依靠直升机和路面传感器获取,而是依据陷于交通堵塞区域中手机的数量、移动速度以及方向而测算。 手机,作为信息化的主要载体,将继续改变人们的生产、生活。 通过手机对于工厂监控操作对财务和客户信息的管理 通过手机应用,我们可以实时掌握公司的财务信息、客户关系、市场信息和运营系统;现在工厂的生产方式有着自动化得大趋势,我们可以把手机的和工厂的系统实现通信,从而把工厂的操作员与管理人员从机器旁边解放出来,以一种更加灵活的方式进行工作。 我们尝试设计一款手机应用,可以让工厂的自动化监控及控制更为方便快捷。并且可以将运营系统、财务系统等众多方面整合起来。使公司的各项操作更为精确快捷。 目前的工厂控制大多 停留在二维控制系统,具有 复杂繁琐、易出错、不易上 手等缺点,需要大量的人 力,对实际操作造成很大的 不便。手机软件可实现其控 制的智能化,可以简化操作 过程、美化操作环境。我们 甚至可以实现3D效果显 示,操作系统立体化,是数 据显示更加直观,人与人、

全国2012年4月自学考试通信概论试题及答案

全国2012年4月自学考试通信概论试题 课程代码:04742 一、单项选择 1.模拟信号数字化过程的顺序是( D ) A.抽样、编码、滤波B.量化、抽样、编码 C.编码、滤波、量化D.抽样、量化、编码 2.二进制码具有抗干扰能力强,易于产生等优点,以下通常采用二进制码的技 术是( B ) A.PSM B.PCM C.TSM D.ATM 3.抽样就是以一定的间隔采集模拟信号的瞬时值,这个间隔就是( C ) A.比特间隔B.码间间隔 C.时间间隔D.空间间隔 4.编码技术分为( C ) A.数字编码和模拟编码B.参量编码和滤波编码 C.波形编码和参量编码D.抽样编码和量化编码 5.VSAT卫星网中,内向传输是指VSAT小站经过某个路径,向主站发送信号, 该路径是(D ) A.网内系统B.网间系统 C.网内链接D.内向信道 8.把不同特性或不同信源的信号进行合成,以便共享通信资源。该技术就是多 址接入和( C ) A.扩展 B.缓冲 C.多路复用 D.多路合成 9.接收设备的目的是从受到干扰和减损的接收信号中正确恢复出原始电信号, 其功能是放大和反变换,如( A ) A.滤波和译码B.编码和压缩 C.滤波和压缩D.解码和编码 10.信源可以分为( B ) A.电流信源和电子信源B.模拟信源和数字信源 C.模拟信源和电压信源D.数字信源和电压信源 11.将点信号加载到光源的发射光束上变成光信号即是( C ) A.光输入B.光放大 C.光调制D.光编码 13.单极性信号的频谱中含有直流分量和丰富的( B ) A.高、中频分量B.低频分量 C.中、低频分量D.射频分量 14.视距传播时,电磁波将穿透电离层,不能被反射回来,其频率高于( A ) A.30MHz B.20MHz C.3MHz D.0.3MHz 15.根据星座图可以判定,16QAM信号的已调载波的相位值有( B ) A.16个B.12个 C.4个D.3个 16.卫星通信过程中,采用“话音激活”技术,可以使转发器的容量提高 ( D )

增值税计算题习题(附详细答案)

【例2—4·计算题】某自营出口的生产企业为增值税一般纳税人,出口货物的征税税率为17%,退税税率为13%。2005 年4 月的有关经营业务为:购进原材料一批,取得的增值税专用发票注明的价款200 万元,外购货物准予抵扣的进项税额34万元通过认证。上月末留抵税款3万元,本月内销货物不含税销售额100万元,收款117万元存入银行,本月出口货物的销售额折合人民币200万元。试计算该企业当期的“免、抵、退”税额。 『正确答案』 (1)当期免抵退税不得免征和抵扣税额=200×(17%-13%)=8(万元) (2)当期应纳税额=100×17%-(34-8)-3=17-26-3=-12(万元) (3)出口货物“免、抵、退”税额=200×13%=26(万元) (4)按规定,如当期末留抵税额≤当期免抵退税额时: 当期应退税额=当期期末留抵税额 即该企业当期应退税额=12(万元) (5)当期免抵税额=当期免抵退税额-当期应退税额 当期免抵税额=26-12=14(万元) 【例2-5·计算题】某自营出口的生产企业为增值税一般纳税人,出口货物的征税税率为17%,退税税率为13%。2005 年6 月有关经营业务为:购原材料一批,取得的增值税专用发票注明的价款400 万元,外购货物准予抵扣的进项税额68万元通过认证。上期末留抵税款5 万元。本月内销货物不含税销售额100 万元,收款117 万元存入银行。本月出口货物的销售额折合人民币200 万元。试计算该企业当期的“免、抵、退”税额。 【解析】 (1)当期免抵退税不得免征和抵扣税额=200×(17%-13%)=8(万元) (2)当期应纳税额=100×17%-(68-8)-5=17-60-5=-48(万元) (3)出口货物“免、抵、退”税额=200×13%=26(万元) (4)按规定,如当期期末留抵税额>当期免抵退税额时: 当期应退税额=当期免抵退税额 即该企业当期应退税额=26(万元) (5)当期免抵税额=当期免抵退税额-当期应退税额 该企业当期免抵税额=26-26=0(万元) (6)6月期末留抵结转下期继续抵扣税额为22(48-26)万元。 (2)如果出口企业有进料加工复出口业务,“免、抵、退”办法如下: 【例2-6·计算题】某自营出口生产企业是增值税一般纳税人,出口货物的征税税率为17%,退税税率为13%。2005年8 月有关经营业务为:购原材料一批,取得的增值税专用发票注明的价款200万元,外购货物准予抵扣进项税额34 万元通过认证。当月进料加工免税进口料件的组成计税价格100 万元。上期末留抵税款6 万元。本月内销货物不含税销售额100万元。收款117 万元存入银行。本月出口货物销售额折合人民币200 万元。试计算该企业当期的“免、抵、退”税额。 『正确答案』 (1)免抵退税不得免征和抵扣税额抵减额=免税进口料件的组成计税价格×(出口货物征税税率-出口货物退税税率)=100×(17%-13%)=4(万元) (2)免抵退税不得免征和抵扣税额=当期出口货物离岸价×外汇人民币牌价×(出口货物征税税率-出口货物退税税率)-免抵退税不得免征和抵扣税额抵减额=200×(17%-13%)-4=8-4=4(万元)(3)当期应纳税额=100×17%-(34-4)-6=17-30-6=-19(万元) (4)免抵退税额抵减额=免税购进原材料×材料出口货的退税税率=100×13%=13(万元) (5)出口货物“免、抵、退”税额=200×13%-13=13(万元) (6)按规定,如当期期末留抵税额>当期免抵退税额时: 当期应退税额=当期免抵退税额 即该企业应退税=13(万元) (7)当期免抵税额=当期免抵退税额-当期应退税额 当期该企业免抵税额=13-13=0(万元) (8)8月期末留抵结转下期继续抵扣税额为6 万元(19-13)。 【例题·计算题】某自营出口的生产企业为增值税一般纳税人,适用的增值税税率17%,退税率15%。2009 年1 月的生产经营情况如下: (1)外购原材料、燃料取得增值税专用发票,注明支付价款850 万元、增值税额144.5万元, 材料、燃料已验收入库; (2)外购动力取得增值税专用发票,注明支付价款150 万元、增值税额25.5万元,其中20% 用于企业基建工程; (3)以外购原材料80 万元委托某公司加工货物,支付加工费取得增值税专用发票,注明价款30 万元、增

大学英语四级模拟题四(含规范标准答案)

大学英语四级模拟题四 Part One Reading Comprehension (2’×10 = 20’) Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Y ou should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One Air pollution can spread from city to city. It even spreads from one country to another. Some northern European countries have had “black snow”from pollutants that have traveled through the air from other countries and have fallen with the snow. So air pollution is really a global problem. Air pollution can kill babies, older people, and those who have respiratory(呼吸的)diseases. As found in cities, air pollution increases the risks of certain lung diseases. Air pollution can cause both airplane and car accidents because it cuts down visibility(能见度). There are other possible health dangers from air pollution that we don’t know much about. For example, scientists are trying to find out whether chemicals that reach us from the air may cause changes in our cells. These changes might cause babies to be born with serious birth defects. Scientists are trying to learn how all the many chemicals are apt(易于的)to take into our bodies from air, water, food, and even medicines act together to affect our health and the way our bodies work. That is another reason why it is so important to begin to control pollution now instead of waiting until we learn all the answers. Air pollution costs us a lot of money. It corrodes(腐蚀)our buildings. It damages farm crops and forests. It has a destructive effect on our works of art. The cost of all this damage to our government is great. It would be much more worthwhile, both for us and for the government, to spend our tax dollars on air pollution control. 1.Air pollution may lead to airplane accidents because . A. it may cause pilots to be ill B. engines may fail from the air-borne dirt C. visibility is reduced D. it brings a lot of black snow 2. Scientists are trying to find a link between pollution and . A. intelligence levels B. birth problems C. man’s behavior D. the nervous system 3. Scientists have not yet determined . A. all of the effects of pollution on the human body B. how pollution can be controlled successfully C. when the atmosphere first became polluted D. how some snow becomes black 4. The author suggests that before air pollution becomes more serious, . A. factories will be forced to stop operating B. buildings should be protected C. the earth will begin to grow colder D. more money should be spent to solve the problem 5. We can conclude that . A. civilization may be ruined if pollution is not controlled B. pollution is more serious in Europe than it is in America C. most people do not know that pollution is a serious problem D. we should learn all the answers before we begin to control pollution Passage Two Stiletto heels could be banned from the workplace because of health and safety reasons, according to British Trade Union bosses. The Trade Union Congress, predominantly male, has proposed a motion arguing that high heels are disrespectful to women while they also contribute to long term injuries. They propose instead that women wear “sensible shoes” with an inch heel limit in an attempt to avoid future foot and back pain as well as injuries. The motion is due to be debated at next month’s conference. The motion states: “Congress believes high heels may look glamorous on the Hollywood catwalks but are completely in appropriate for the day-to-day working environment. Feet bear the burden of daily life, and for many workers prolonged standing, badly fitted footwear, and in particular high heels can be a hazard. Around two million days a year are lost through sickness as a result of lower limb disorders. Wearing high heels can cause long-term foot problems and also serious foot, knee and back pain and damaged joints. Many employers in the retail sector force women workers to wear high heels as part of their dress code. More must be done to raise awareness of this problem so that women workers and their feet are protected.” Nadline Dorries, the Tory Member of Parliament, however criticized the motion and said the extra height heels give women can help them when in the workplace. “I’m 5ft 3in and need every inch of my Christian Louboutin heels to look my male colleagues in the eye,” she said. “If high heels were banned in Westminster, no one would be able to find me. The Trade Union leaders need to get real, stop using obvious sexist tactics by discussing women’s stilettos to divert tension away from Labor chaos.” Michelle Dewberry, a former winner of The Apprentice, said the motion was patronizing(自认为高人一等的). “This is absolutely ridiculous and I think these union officials should be spending their time dealing with more important issues”, she said. “I’m at work in five-inch heels and perfectly able to do my job. Heels are sexy, they boost your confidence and they are empowering to women. I can’t imagine these officials debating a motion about how tightly men should wear their ties. Wearing heels is a personal choice.”

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