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考研英语分客观题60分

考研英语分客观题60分
考研英语分客观题60分

考研英语分客观题60分(包括10分完型、40分阅读、10分新题型)和主观题40分(包括10分翻译、10分小作文、20分大作文)。主观题,视水区旱区而定,不同地区没有可比性。而客观题,答案是唯一的,不管英语想过线的还是英语想拿高分的,客观题都不能有失。完型20题每题0.5分,性价比较低,我当时没花太多时间复习,最后错了5个,还能接受;新题型的难度远小于阅读理解。所以客观题里最拉分的还是阅读,阅读看似很难,实际上是有规律可循的,只要掌握了正确的方法,会有较大的提高。我能从最初的错一大片到最后顶多错一个,靠得就是得当的方法。

方法如下:

1、词汇:

词汇是基础,大纲词汇必须掌握。阅读中如果一句话中有一两个单词不认识,很可能导致这句话的意思搞错,甚至把整篇文章的主导思想搞错;如果问题选项中有单词不认识就更麻烦了。

说一下自己的体会,一开始做阅读练习的时候,错一大片,有时候甚至错一半,当时真是怕英语不过线,然后我痛定思痛,认真总结了阅读错的原因,我发现,是因为词汇关没过,文中一些单词不认识导致对文章关键句甚至作者的主体思想理解错误。其实之前我也把单词过了一两遍,但是忘得特别快,特别是一词多义,我只记住其最基本的意思,而记不住其他意思。

所以我下决心一定要攻克单词关,我看了新东方王江涛老师的文章之后,受益匪浅,然后开始一步一步地去做。我花了接近20天(视个人情况而定,我记东西很笨),几乎其它什么事也不做,就背单词。之前写错了,这20天背了两遍,后来每天花在单词上的时间明显缩短,因为已经比较熟悉了,最后四五遍背下来把单词书背得滚瓜烂熟,真的是每个单词的每一种意思都知道,而且经过四五遍记忆之后,不像以前那样容易忘了,因此两次重复的间隔周期可以延长,单词关算过了。不过刚开始这个背单词计划的时候,真是痛苦得抓墙,不过两遍之后,轻松多了,因为记不住的越来越少,本来就记住的印象也越深。

最后做往年真题的时候,近几年的真题阅读都是错1个或全对,考研时阅读就错了1个,错的那个争议也比较大,不可强求吧。更重要的是英语掌握了得当的方法,节省了很多时间,可以投入更多的精力在数学和专业课上。

因此,要想阅读得高分,必须首先攻克单词。

背单词的具体思路如下:

首先找一本包括考研5500个单词的词汇书。5500个单词不可能全不认识——500个初中词汇和2000个高中词汇是基础,所以,真正需要记忆的词汇只有两三千个。然后每天坚持背诵一部分。如果记忆力较好,10天可以搞定;记忆力不好,20天也可以搞定。

假设词汇书有300页,10天内完成,每天则需要背30页。按下面的表格(表格见网址)制定计划,其中数字代表天数,字母代表被等分的各部分(并非单词字母表)。第一天背A 部分,即词汇书的第1~30页,第二天背B部分,即第31~60页,以此类推。

最好早上起床就进行背诵,因为早上起床后没有前摄干扰(指先前学习的材料对识记和回忆后学的材料的干扰作用),记忆比较深刻。单词的拼写、发音、英文解释、同义词、反义词、例句等暂时不用看,只看单词的外形和常考中文义项。(注:这一点要注意,因为所背单词主要用于阅读和完型,而作文所需的词汇量比较小,主要靠背高分作文或押题作文积累所需词汇,所以背单词的目的是:在阅读中遇到单词能知道它是什么意思,特别是单词的一词多义,不一定要会写)。在脑中默念每个单词的中文意思,或读音和中文意思。每背完一页,使用上文提到的“白纸法”(找一张白纸,在左上方挖一个小洞,够露出一个英文单词即可。每次背完一页后,利用这张纸自查。看着英文单词能说出中文意思就过,说不出来则需要继续强化),检查背诵效果。每隔5分钟、半小时、1天、2天、4天、7天、14天重复之前背的所有单词。始时要严格按照上述时间进行复习,而第4天以后可在一天中的任何时间复习。14天以后,以14天为周期复习所背内容。

记不住的单词可以抄写在本上,仍然按照每隔5分钟、半小时、1天、2天、4天、7天、14天的规律重复记忆。这种方法的特点在于快刀斩乱麻,迅速建立英语学习成就感。鉴于个人天赋有别,记忆力不好的同学可以采用少量重复的方法进行突击。

个人体会:此方法一开始非常痛苦,但是如果能坚持下来,一两遍之后会发现记不住的单词少了很多,四五遍之后能记得比较熟,背单词思路就是这样:“多次重复”。我背了四五遍之后可以说是滚瓜烂熟了。背单词最重要的就是重复,如果早上背了,晚上不复习,很快就忘了,这样不行。背第一次的时候是最痛苦的,但晚上第二次背的时候发现记住了一些,第二天再背的时候发现记不住的越来越少。这跟艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线的道理是一样的,关键在于重复!!另外,刚才已经说过,单词只需记住中文释义,不要看例句之类,因为需要达到的效果是在阅读中看到这个单词知道它是什么意思。要尽量缩短每次的时间,保证一定的重复的次数。另外,王老师反复强调,背单词一定要肯吃苦,我自己也尝试过其它很多方法,没有什么捷径,坚持四五遍效果自然会显现出来。

&%新东方有个背单词软件,百度上可以搜到,可作为辅助,但不可完全依赖于它,软件的缺点是不能帮你记住一词的多重意思。(注册用户后,先“选书”,然后在“测验与游戏”中有个“单词速降”)

2、阅读技巧:

核心思想就是“分块阅读”。一篇阅读有5个问题,每个问题是按顺序分布的。比如说一篇阅读有5段,第一问在第一段中找答案,第二问在第二段中找,以此类推,这就是所谓的“分块阅读法”,分块阅读的基础就是——题目是按顺序分块设置的。至于如何在“块”中发现答案,要找的就是“同义替换”,下文中会有详细介绍。(当然诸如“这篇文章的题目应选什么?”的问题除外,需要结合整篇文章作答,不过这类问题很少)

因此阅读的技巧和关键就在于“通过问题分解文章,缩小每次的阅读内容,各个击破”。切记不要一口气读完文章后将5个问题一齐作答,一来记不住文章的要点和细节,二来会中出题人的陷阱(干扰项其实就是在细节上做手脚),如偷梁换柱等。

阅读的方法如下:

(1)扫一遍5个问题,对题干信息有个印象,看一眼就行了,不需要记住。然后按顺序精读,对含有题干信息的语句仔细阅读。另外,留意“Which of thefollowing would be the best title of the test?”、“The author’s attitudetowards…”这之类的问题,在分解阅读时可以顺便留意一下作者的观点态度。

(2)第一个问题,答案一般就在第一段。后面几问同理,这样整篇文章被分解成四五个部分,一部分最多三四个长句,对每个部分认真阅读,目标清晰,很容易得到正解;同时,每个部分,废话居多,真正的答案往往就其中一句话或其中一个关键短语,选对选项的关键在于找准同义替换(有种题型不能用找“同义替换”的方法,后面的补充说明里有讲)。

(3)正确的选项往往以同义替换的形式出现。这一点是成败的关键,考研英语阅读的每一个问题都是非常严谨的,其严谨在于:正确选项实质上就是原文中某句话的同义替换,而不是靠蒙和猜,正确选项一定能在原文中找到相应的依据。

同义替换分2种。第1种是:正确选项中的某个短语和原文中的某个短语意思相同,如explore和probe都是“探索”,shared和collective都是“共同的”,purchase和for the sale 都表示“交易、买卖”;第2种是:正确选项是对原文中某句话的概括,如:“d iscovery is described as seeingwhat everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought” 概括起来就是“scientific work calls for acritical mind”(当然这里critical的一词多义要非常熟悉才行);“Politicians have repeatedly“backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the

pay increases modest but addingto holidays and especially pensions that are already generous” 概括起来就是“the income in the statesector is indirectly augmented”(第二个例子的意思是“国有部门虽然工资没涨太多但是其福利奖金有所增加”,所以概括起来就是“间接地增加了国有部门收入”)。关于同义替换的具体运用,详见《附件一》。

(4)注意出题人设置干扰项时的惯用伎俩。干扰项无非以下几种:

①偷梁换柱:原文中说“人物A做了事件B”,干扰项为可能为“人物C做了事件B”,而人物C其实在原文中另一处出现的。如果仅凭印象选择,很容易出错。

②前后混淆:如“人物A在文中第3段提出了某观点”,干扰项可能为第1段里的某个观点,前后顺序颠倒。原理上与偷梁换柱差不多。

③以偏概全:原文中说“事件A的必要条件是B、C、D”,干扰项可能为“如果B发生,则A 一定发生”。

④过度引申:原文中说“A今天做了某件事”,干扰项可能为“A经常做这件事”

⑤无中生有:干扰项是YY出来的,在原文中找不到依据,比过度引申更离谱

⑥曲解原文:原文中说“A很好”,干扰项可能为“A不好”,当然不会这么直接

结合原文,以原文为依据,排除干扰选项。切记凭感觉答题。这些在《附件一》中有具体分析。

总结起来,阅读的技巧就是:

一个问题一个问题地将文章分块→读懂每块的长难句→以原文为依据→找准“同义替换”、

排除“干扰项”

(分块的问题在补充说明里有详细解释)

3、长难句:

如果单词没问题,那唯一的难点就只剩长难句,实际上考研阅读的每个段落就三四个长难句。攻克长难句,笨方法就是找主谓宾这些,弄清楚“谁做了什么,怎么做的”。而实际上,英语的句式和中文有少许差异,这就是阅读时的难点。但是要知道,长难句的句式也就那几种。

只要把考研英语往年阅读真题(四五套就够了)里的每个句式都搞懂,长难句的问题基本上可以迎刃而解。如果单词和长难句都能搞定,就能保证文章能看懂,再按上面所说的“分块阅读法”做,阅读自然不在话下。切记,读长难句时一定要心平气和,不要贪快,特别是基础不太好的同学,一眼扫过一个长句是不可能看懂的。一开始练习阅读的时候不要贪快,先慢慢按方法来,有了一定的正确率之后,再逐步加快速度。

总之,阅读的方法很重要,并不是说你把张剑的150篇、张锦芯的200篇等等全做一遍,最后就能拿高分。盲目地做题,可能的结果就是做的题很多,但每次都错很多,没有提高。我一开始也是做了一些阅读练习,但是做了没提高,有时候错得少,有时候错很多,完全是靠运气在做阅读,而不是实力。最后我反思了自己的问题,前面已经说过了,先攻克单词,再用“分块阅读法”,最后能稳定到错一个或全对的程度,这才是应该到达的目的。方法最重要,不要盲目做题。英语基础不好的同学,不要怕英语,四六级没考好很可能就是你没掌握得当的方法,只要你肯摸索、肯总结、肯吃苦(背单词一定要肯吃苦),就一定能成功!

02-08年考研英语二历年真题及答案

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考研英语二历年真题及答案

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