四级巅峰预测试题三

预测试题三

Part IWriting (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Idea on Remedial Classes. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1) 中学生节假日补课现象十分普遍2) 补课对大部分学生来说没有必要My Idea on Remedial Classes

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)

The Real Death of Print Vishwas Chavan travels a lot. As an informatician, he collects data on what types of animal live where in India to enter into a biodiversity database. Yet the specimens he hunts for have neither fur nor feathers, but yellowing pages and aging dust jackets.Much of the information Chavan seeks is in old, out of print tomes that are scattered around the wor ld; about 2,500 of the 7,000 books he has unearthed were written in the first half of the nineteenth century. Chavan and other digitization visionaries paint a future in which books no longer gather dust on shelves, but exist as interconnected nodes in a vast web of stored literature, all accessible at the click of a mouse. A few years ago, Chavan s dream seemed little more than a castle in the air(空中楼阁). True, a number of mostly volunteer driven or publicly funded projects had been scanning books and making them freely available on the Internet. But most efforts were limited.In December 2004, the Internet search engine company Google announced plans to change that. It said it would scan millions of books from five major libraries: the university libraries of Oxford, Harvard, Stanford and Michigan, and the New York Public Library.The move to digitize books is set to transform the worlds of publishers, librarians, authors, readers and researchers. Obscure specialist titles could find new readerships; librarians and information specialists will have to develop tools to catalogue and navigate this labyrinth (迷宫) of data; and authors and publishers may soon have to start thinking in digital dimensions, just as website designers and writers already do.

Bloody Revolution But revolutions are rarely bloodless and this one could soon get ugly. In the United States authors and publishers are squaring up against Google for a legal fight over copyright. Opinion is divided over whether the scanning projects being implemented by companies such as Google and Amazon will hand control of the world s literature to private enterprise.The idea to digitize books and make them available online has been around since the beginning of Internet in the early 1970s. When the US Declaration of Independence was typed in and sent to everyone on a computer network on the night of 4 July 1971, it marked the birth of Project Gutenberg, the first book digitization venture. Since then, the project s 20,000 volunteers have scanned or typed in about 50,000 out of copyright books.Projects such as this are driven by the idealistic desire to make knowledge and literature freely accessible to all, but also by the benefits of having book collections easily searchable. Assets such as searchability have prompted the National Science Foundation (NSF) in Arlington, Virginia, to get involved in an open access enterprise called the Million Book Project. This is an international scanning effort with many participants, including Carnegie Mellon University.Since the project began in 2002, about 600,000 out of copyright books have been scanned, although only about half of them are currently available online. The scanning takes place in India and China, with books being shipped there temporarily from libraries around the world.

Made to Fit Searchability is also the main driving force behind commercial plans to scan

books, including texts whose copyright has yet to expire. For example, if their products have been digitized, online booksellers can allow customers to search within books and browse a few pages before deciding to buy. In the United States, with the publisher s permission, Amazon puts searchable digital data from mostly copyrighted books online. Amazon says that several hundred thousand books are currently available for searching.Amazon also offers the option of purchasing e books and e documents on its website, which can be viewed after downloading them to a portable reading device. The company expects these services to drive additional sales. Its search inside the book feature increases sales by 8%, the company says. Scientific publishers, such as the US National Academies Press also see increased print sales when they allow their books to be viewed online.But Google doesn t mention money in its announcement that it plans to make the contents of millions of copyrighted books searchable as part of its Google Book Search project. Its spokesman, Nate Tyler, says Google s motivation is to include literature that is currently only available offline in its mission to make information universally accessible. But the possibility that the company could gain financially from the move has raised hackles among US authors and publishing organizations.In the autumn of this year, the Authors Guild and the Association of American Publishers filed a lawsuit against Google for copyright infringement. They complained that Google hadn t asked them for permission to scan copyrighted books. Google has obtained the go ahead from publishers to include some copyr ighted works as part of its Book Search project, but not all. It argues that it does not need to seek permission for every book, because what it plans to do is permissible according to the “fair use” exception of US copyright law. This allows copying for uses such as teaching, scholarship or research. Google will, for example, not make the full text available, but only show “snippets” of text around the search results if a book is still copyrighted. The company says that people are more likely to buy or borrow a book if they can search it this way, adding that the snippets are similar to the card catalogues found in libraries. But Paul Aiken of the Authors Guild in New York City argues that the act of scanning the works is copyright infringement (侵害) no matter how the texts are used. The outcome of the lawsuit will depend on the courts decisions over how the concept of fair use applies in the age of digital books and the Internet. Google s plan has shaken up the digital book world in other ways too.For one thing, many believe that its size and resources mean Google can pull off this feat — so large scale repositories of digital books seem a more realistic and immediate prospect than ever before. Google has also galvanized its competitors, both public and private to redouble their efforts, and has placed a question mark over the future of libraries and librarians.

Out With the Old But Michael Gorman, president of the American Library Association, says he is not worried that libraries could become obsolete. As well as providing access to books, they serve as a place for people to meet and study, he says. And librarians expertise in information management will still be needed.

［1085 words］

1. How many books that Chavan has unearthed were written between 1800 and 1850?

［A］7,000. ［B］2,500. ［C］4,500. ［D］5,000.

2. What can we know about the efforts to scan books and make them freely available on the Internet?

［A］Most of them are in vain. ［B］Most of them are limited.

［C］They are out of self interest.［D］They increase readership of literature.

3.It can be known from the passage that Project Gutenberg .

［A］was responsible for typing the US Declaration of Independence

［B］marked the beginning of Internet

［C］was the first book digitiz ation venture

［D］had 20,000 volunteers when it was founded

4.The 50,000 books scanned or typed by Project Gutenberg .

［A］had no copyright［B］were protected by copyright law

［C］were illegal［D］were written in the first half of 19th century

5.The Million Book Project s scanning was conducted in .

［A］Michigan and Washington ［B］the U.S. and Europe

［C］Virginia and New York ［D］India and China

6.Amazon can put searchable digital data from mostly copyrighted books online, because it . ［A］is a non commercial organization［B］is allowed by copyright law

［C］gets the author s admission［D］gets the publisher s permission

7.The book sales were increased thanks to Amazon s service of providing search inside the book feature.

［A］by 8 percent［B］by 20 million［C］by 50,000［D］by 18 percent

8.Faced with the accusation of the Authors Guild and the Association of American Publishers, Google argues that its plans are in accordance with .

9.Whether Google is innocent is up to .

10.Gorman believes that the libraries will not , in spite of the popularity of digital books on the Internet.Part IIIListening Comprehension (35 minutes)

Section A

11. ［A］The woman s luggage is too heavy to carry.

［B］The woman should leave New York with Nick.

［C］The woman should finish the heavy work before she goes.

［D］The woman should ask Nick to drive her to the airport.

12. ［A］8:00. ［B］8:10. ［C］8:07. ［D］8:13.

13. ［A］Stay and finish his questions. ［B］Stay and eat inside.

［C］Go bike riding. ［D］Go out to eat.

14. ［A］The movies are worth watching.

［B］The movies may not be up to date.

［C］The movies may not be in good quality.

［D］The man s taste for movies is not good.

15. ［A］In the American Embassy. ［B］On campus.

［C］In a photographer s studio. ［D］In a bank.

16. ［A］Went to England. ［B］Saw a doctor.

［C］Visited his friend. ［D］Stayed at home.

17. ［A］Judge and lawyer. ［B］Bank clerk and customer.

［C］Policeman and witness. ［D］Lawyer and client.

18. ［A］Spanish. ［B］Arabic. ［C］Japanese. ［D］Chinese.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. ［A］The process of using nuclear power to generate electricity.

［B］The advantage of using nuclear power to generate electricity.

［C］The safety problems of nuclear power.

［D］The prospect of using nuclear power in daily life.

20. ［A］The United Nations Atomic Energy Authority.

［B］The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Organization.

［C］The United States Atomic Energy Authority.

［D］The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority.

21. ［A］It is much more safe. ［B］It is environment friendly.

［C］It is easy to operate. ［D］It is much cleaner.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

22. ［A］A vacation the woman took. ［B］French influence in New Orleans.

［C］New Orleans Mardi Gras Festival. ［D］A business trip in France.

23. ［A］By bus. ［B］By car. ［C］By plane. ［D］By train.

24. ［A］The weather. ［B］The food.

［C］The architecture. ［D］The music.

25. ［A］He was president when New Orleans was purchased.

［B］He led the Americans to fight against the British.

［C］He designed Jackson Square in the French Quarter.

［D］He helped found New Orleans.Section B

Passage One

26. ［A］The largest libraries in the United States. ［B］A special system for numbering books.

［C］The way of finding books in a library. ［D］The architecture of libraries in the US.

27. ［A］Library of Congress. ［B］Harvard University Library.

［C］Chicago Public Library. ［D］New York Public Library.

28. ［A］One. ［B］Two.［C］Three.［D］Four.

Passage Two

29. ［A］Uniform. ［B］Expensive clothes.

［C］Fashionable clothes. ［D］Informal dresses.

30. ［A］They enjoy loud music. ［B］They seldom lose their temper.

［C］They want to have children. ［D］They enjoy modern dances.

31. ［A］They can t agree on the color of the room.

［B］They can t agree on the styles of furniture.

［C］Her twin sister often brings friends home and this annoys her.

［D］She likes to keep things neat while her twin sister doesn t.

Passage Three32. ［A］During the early 1840s. ［B］During the early 1940s.

［C］During the late 1840s. ［D］During the late 1940s.

33. ［A］She knew nothing about Wilson s secret. ［B］She was a policewoman.

［C］She was one of the secretaries of the War Office. ［D］She loved Wilson very much.

34. ［A］He wanted to steal some confidential information.

［B］It was the best place to wait for his girlfriend during wartime.

［C］He wanted to be considered a diligent man.

［D］It was a quiet place to analyze war situation.

35. ［A］He was promoted for working hard. ［B］He stole much money from the office.

［C］He worked as a spy for the Germans. ［D］He parted with his girlfriend.Section C Americans spend a lot of money in their daily life. Working people spend money on (36) to and from work and on various (37) throughout the day. Americans enjoy shopping and buy many things that they need and want. They spend a lot of money on (38) . They buy sports (39) , go to sporting events and do many things that (40) money. However, many Americans don t pay cash or write checks for these things. More and more, they pay for things with credit cards. Credit cards are small, rectangular (41) cards. Banks give these cards to their customers. When the customer buys something at a store, he shows his card at the store. This (42) the store to charge the bank for the customer s (43) . The bank collects all the charges for each customer. (44) . The bank does not force the customer to pay the full amount. (45) . However, the bank requires the customer to pay interest on the unpaid part of the charges. In this way, (46) . People can use the card to buy what they want and pay for it over a period of time. They also do not need to carry a lot of money.Part IVReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)

Section AMany organizations offer clinics in which you can share your experiences with others who are trying to break the smoking habit. These programs are 47 by trained leaders who understand how to help smokers become nonsmokers.Once a year, smokers all over the United States join in an effort not to smoke when they take part in the Great American Smoke Out. As many as 25 million people take part in the one day effort. Some throw their cigarettes in bonfires, 48 hypnosis, eat carrot sticks provided by college students in rabbit suits, and enjoy the support of cheerleaders who urge them on throughout the day.Below are some 49 tips that should be of help if you ve decided to quit the 50 habit. Many people who have succe eded in breaking the tobacco habit encourage others by assuring them that the first few days are the hardest. They suggest breathing deeply every time you 51 a cigarette. Two or three deep breathing sessions each day can help a lot.Keep all cigarettes and 52 out of sight. Remove or avoid things that act as clues for smoking a cigarette. Increase your exercise regimen. Starting a new 53 program can be 54 helpful, especially if it is outdoors.Twiddle a pencil to replace the cigarette that you are in the habit of holding between your fingers. Your body is programmed to the actions that go along with smoking. Finding a 55 for these can help.When you feel the urge to use tobacco, distraction can help. Brush your teeth, take a shower, call a friend, or imagine a 56 relaxing scene.

［268 words］

［A］analyzed ［B］substitute ［C］additional ［D］crucial ［E］crave

［F］ashtrays ［G］physically ［H］conducted ［I］peaceful ［J］extremely ［K］replacement ［L］athletic ［M］undertake ［N］nicotine ［O］undergo

Section B

Passage OneThe leadership puzzle has been hashed around for decades.Their abilities have been compared to orchestra conductors who can bring together a variety of sounds and instruments to create a united song. They ve been compared to coaches who hav e the ability to orchestrate a group of people in joint strategy without being an actual player in the game. The theories, though important, create a mystique and complexity around leadership that make it difficult to see some basic fundamentals.These basics are not highly complex.The highest level of leadership is gained when “fellowship” can be generated without force, assigned

authority or positional status. True following is produced by people who want to engage — not because they have to, are conforming to the rules at hand, or seek to please the leader. When people are following because they “have to”, they are not acting of their own free will, but are conforming out of fear or threat. True leadership understands that people need to own their actions and decisions and follow because they want to. A major factor that impedes many leaders is the ability to get their ego in check. Leaders who have perspective on their value don t need to be more important than anybody else. They are not concerned about their status or visibility. Their focus is on their ability to collectively bring people together and create mass movement and action to resolve issues. These leaders have given up their need to be “right” or “on top”, and they understand that no one knows better than those performing the work how best to address the problems that emerge in that process.Well tuned leadership demonstrates the graceful balance between providing overview and perspective without interfering with the initiative taken by the team. Balance enables leaders to stay focused on leading the processes by which the team operates, solve problems and generate new directions without getting in and providing all the answers. These leaders understand that people on their team manage and solve complex problems every day in their lives and in their work. They treat the team with integrity and belief that everyone has what it takes to find the way. These leaders bring out the best in people because they ask everyone to stretch to see the implausible.

［379 words］

57. According to the writer, the theories about leadership .

［A］are too complex to understand［B］provide important answers to the leadership puzzle ［C］have complicated a simple issue［D］are of no help to the understanding of leadership 58. The orchestra conductors in the second paragraph is mentioned to indicate that a good leader must be able to .

［A］engage in recreational activities［B］bring people together for a common goal

［C］solve complex problems for people［D］ensure his status among people

59. According to the passage, it is hard for many leaders to .

［A］create mass movement and action［B］give up their need to be “right” or “on top”

［C］allow people to take the initiative［D］believe in the team members.

60. What do we know about the highest level of leadership?

［A］It emphasizes the authority of the leader.［B］It gives clear directions in every detail. ［C］It makes people follow out of their own free will.［D］It focuses on the best individuals in

a team.

61. Which of the following may serve as a proper title for this passage?

［A］Leadership: A Puzzle for Decades［B］General Theories of Leadership

［C］True Leadership［D］Leaders and Their Social Status

Passage Two It is generally accepted that every experience teaches the child something and the effects are cumulative. “Upbringing” is normally used to refer to the treatment and training of the child within the home. This is closely related to the treatment and training of the child in school, which is usually distinguished by the term “education”. In a society such as ours, both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities provided for the development of the child, so that upbringing and education are interdependent.The ideals and practices of child rearing vary from culture to culture. In general, the more rural the community, the more uniform are the customs of child upbringing. In more technologically developed societies, the period of

childhood and adolescence tends to be extended over a long time, resulting in more opportunity for education and greater variety in character development.Early upbringing in the home is naturally affected both by the cultural pattern of the community and by the parents capabilities and their aims and depends not only on upbringing and education but also on the innate abilities of the child.Intelligent parents, however, realize that the particular setting of each family is unique, and there can be no rigid general rules.All parents have to solve the problems of freedom and discipline. The younger the child, the more readily the mother gives to meet his demands to avoid disappointing him. She knows that if his energies are not given an outlet, her child s continuing development may be warped. A child must be allowed to enjoy this “messy” but tactile stage of discovery before he is ready to go on to the less physical pleasures of toys and books. Similarly, throughout life, each stage depends on the satisfactory completion of the one before.

［296 words］

62. It s a general belief tha t a child s later character and personality .

［A］are influenced by his early experiences both at home and in school

［B］mainly depend on the ways of education given by his parents

［C］are influenced more by his teachers than his parents

［D］develop worse in rural communities than in urban communities

63. The word “cumulative” (Line 1, Para. 1) most probably means .

［A］decisive ［B］extremely beneficial

［C］strong ［D］progressively greater

64. It can be seen from the passage that .

［A］early upringing is mainly affected by the cultural pattern of the community

［B］the technological development doesn t influence children s character much

［C］as a child grows his mother gets more ready to meet his demands

［D］upbringing and education are much complementary

65. A little child s energies need giving an outlet in that.

［A］too many disciplines can destroy his development

［B］he doesn t understand any rules

［C］children can hardly be calmed down in other ways

［D］he can t bear a ny disappointment

66. As is presented in the passage, in developed community, .

［A］parents are more willing to give their children much freedom

［B］the development of people s character is diverse

［C］children have a happier childhood

［D］teachers pay more attention to students individualism Part VCloze (15 minutes)

67. ［A］recovered ［B］reviewed ［C］reduced ［D］recast

68. ［A］launch ［B］liftoff ［C］lift out ［D］blast out

69. ［A］disaster ［B］drama ［C］incident ［D］dilemma

70. ［A］like ［B］seek ［C］approach ［D］appear

71. ［A］human ［B］mankind ［C］peopled ［D］manned

72. ［A］remind ［B］recover ［C］recall ［D］repeat

73. ［A］why ［B］when［C］whether ［D］how

74. ［A］deny ［B］tempt

［C］term ［D］attempt

75. ［A］hit ［B］touch

［C］bounce ［D］encounter

76. ［A］cut ［B］divided

［C］taken ［D］tore

77. ［A］if ［B］where

［C］when ［D］yet

78. ［A］boarded ［B］aboard

［C］hooked ［D］dwelled

79. ［A］soared［B］traveled

［C］launched［D］reached

80. ［A］left ［B］having been left

［C］had left ［D］leaving

81. ［A］rattled ［B］brushed

［C］pressed close to ［D］rang

82. ［A］across ［B］crossing

［C］through ［D］thereafter

83. ［A］which ［B］that

［C］what ［D］all what

NASA successfully launched space shuttle Discovery on Tuesday, but anxiously 67 video showing debris falling from the craft during 68, the same problem that caused the fatal Columbia 69 2 5 years earlier.The debris did not 70 to hit the shuttle during the smooth morning blastoff, marking a triumphant U.S. return to 71 space travel after the long struggle to 72 from Columbia s breakup over Texas.Engineers hoped to know by Sunday 73 Discovery was damaged and whether the crew should 74 repairs, flight operations manager John Shannon said. A chunk of foam from an external fuel tank 75 Columbia s wing during liftoff on Jan. 16, 2003, and caused a breach that 76 the shuttle apart 77 it reentered Earth s atmosphere 16 days later. All seven astronauts 78 were killed.

Discovery, also carrying seven crew members, 79 into slightly hazy skies on Tuesday, 80 behind a trail of smoke and flames, while the roar of its booster rockets 81 windows and shook the ground 82 Cape Canaveral in Florida.

84. ［A］taking［B］breathing

［C］basking［D］holding

85. ［A］relief ［B］humor

［C］pleasure ［D］disappointment

86. ［A］ring ［B］sky

［C］orbit ［D］earth“I want to ask you all to take note of 83 you saw here today,” said NASA s new administrator Michael Griffin, 84 in a palpable sense of 85 that swept through the launch management team after Discovery safely reached 86.

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

87. I ve finally (吃力地读完了必须读的那本讨厌的书).

88. (不论何时来到我们国家), you will be warmly welcomed.

89. The editor as well as the proofreaders (都在加班工作).

90. It is requested by the school management that (学生晚上11点之后不要外出).

91. Facing the enemies, (我们的战士宁死不屈).Part I【分析题目】本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点指出中学生节假日补课现象十分普遍；提纲第2点提出自己的不同观点，由此可判断本文属于观点论证型作文，写作的重点是对观点正确性的论证。根据所给提纲，本文内容应安排成如下三段：第一段指出中学生节假日补课的这种普遍现象，表明自己的相反立场，即“补课对大部分学生没有必要”，为提出观点段；第二段举例论证“我”的观点，为论证观点段；第三段重申“我”的观点，总结全文，为总结观点段。

【参考范文】

My Idea on Remedial Classes Nowadays, students are forced by their parents or their teachers to attend remedial classes during weekends or holidays. Of course, it is necessary for those who lag far behind their peers to attend remedial classes. But for average students, remedial classes can be worse than useless. My reasons can be listed as follows.（提出观点段）Firstly, students leisure time must be reduced for attending remedial classes, which inhibit the development of their interest. Secondly, students may become dependent on remedial classes. For example, when being faced with difficulties in study, they will not look for the solution by themselves; instead they will turn to their teachers in remedial classes for help. Thirdly, the expense brought by remedial classes increases the burden of many families, especially the relatively poor families. （论证观点段）There is no doubt that students should be given the right to say no to remedial classes. Therefore, both teachers and parents should allow students to dominate their leisure time freely. All in all, remedial classes should be cancelled. （总结观点段）

Part II【文章大意】本文主要讲了书籍电子化会大大加快人们查找资料的速度，但却引发了不少关于版权问题的争论。目前除非有出版商的允许，否则将书籍电子化的公司会面临被起诉的危险，Google就是一个明显的例子。它因将具有版权的书籍放在网上供人们搜索而遭到了起诉，但在本文发表之日，法院对该案件还没有作出最后定论。

1．【定位】根据题干中的关键信息Chavan has unearthed及选项中的数字2,500和7,000可定位在第二段。

【解析】选［B］。该段分号后面的内容表明Chavan共发现了7,000本书，其中2,500本写于the first half of the nineteenth century。题目中的between 1800 and 1850是该句中in the first half of the nineteenth century的同义转述，故答案为［B］。

2．【定位】根据题干中的关键信息the efforts，scan books，freely available on the Internet可定位在第四段。

【解析】选［B］。结合该段倒数第二句可知，该段最后一句中的efforts指的是为scanning books and making them freely available on the Internet所做的努力。因此通过最后一句可知，为scan books and…所做的大部分努力都受到limited（限制），故答案为［B］。

3．【定位】根据题干中的关键信息Project Gutenberg可定位在小标题Bloody Revolution下第二段。

【解析】选［C］。该段倒数第二句中的the first book digitization venture为Project Gutenberg 的同位语，由此可知Project Gutenberg是第一个book digitization venture，故答案为［C］。4．【定位】根据题干中的关键信息50,000 books，Project Gutenberg可定位在小标题Bloody Revolution下第二段。

【解析】选［A］。该段最后一句中修饰books的定语out of copyright表明Project Gutenberg 所扫描或录入的书籍没有版权，［A］had no copyright为out of copy r ight的同义转述，故

为答案。

5．【定位】根据题干中的关键信息Million Book Project可定位在小标题Bloody Revolution 下第四段。

【解析】选［D］。结合题干和各选项可知本题问的是Million Book Project的scanning 工作是在哪里进行的，但第四段中并没有涉及到这方面的内容，所以应将搜索范围扩展到第五段。第五段最后一句指出the Million Book Project的scanning是在India and China。题目中的is conducted in是原文中的takes places in的同义转述，故答案为［D］。

6．【定位】根据题干中的关键信息Amazon，searchable digital data可定位在小标题Made to Fit下第一段。

【解析】选［D］。该段倒数第二句含有隐含的因果关系，通过分析句意可知，with the publisher s permission即是Amazon puts searchable digital data…的原因，题目将这种隐含的因果关系显现出来，故答案为［D］。

7．【定位】根据题干中的关键信息book sales，search inside the book feature可定位在小标题Made to Fit下第二段。

【解析】选［A］。该段倒数第二句指出Amazon公司推出的search inside the book feature 服务使sales增加了8%。通过上下文可知，sales指的就是book sales，故答案为［A］。8．【定位】根据题目中的关键信息the Authors Guild，the Association of American Publishers 可定位在小标题Made to Fit下第四段。

【解析】the “fair use” exception of US copyright law。该段只是指出了the Authors Guild和the Association of American Publishers起诉Google的原因，并没有涉及到Google为自己进行辩护的内容，因此应将搜索范围扩展到第五段。第五段指出Google认为它不需要为每本书取得许可，因为它打算做的事符合the “fair use” exception of US co pyright law。

9．【定位】根据题目中的关键信息innocent，up to可定位在小标题Made to Fit下第七段。【解析】the courts decisions。该段第一句指出the outcome of the lawsuit(案件的结果)取决于the courts对the fair use在digital books and the Internet时代是如何定义的，也就是说Google 最后是否被判无罪主要取决于the courts decisions。题目中的is up to是原文中depend on 的同义转述。

10．【定位】根据题目中的关键信息Gorman，libraries可定位在小标题Out With the Old 下。

【解析】become obsolete / outdated / unnecessary。该段第一句中Michael Gorman表明了自己的观点，即他不担心libraries could become obsolete，答案也可以是obsolete的同义词。【文章译文】印刷物的末日韦氏沃斯·恰凡常常旅行。作为一名信息专家，他收集生活在印度的动物种类数据，并将其输入到生物多样性数据库中。然而他所搜寻的标本中既没有毛皮也没有羽毛，有的只是泛黄的纸张和老化的封皮。恰凡搜寻的大部分信息都来自于那些散落在世界各地的陈旧的、不再发行的图书。［1］在他已发掘的7，000本书里，有2，500本是在19世纪上半叶写成的。恰凡和其他数码化空想家们描绘了一幅未来的场景：图书不再在书架上累积灰尘，而是作为庞大的文学贮藏网络中的互联节点而存在，所有图书仅仅通过鼠标的点击就可以阅读。几年前，恰凡的梦想看上去近乎于空中楼阁。［2］的确，许多大部分由志愿者支撑或公费筹建的项目一直以来都在扫描图书，然后将其放在互联网上免费供人查阅。但大部分的努力都受到了限制。2004年12月，互联网搜索引擎公司Google公布了改变现状的计划。Google说，他们将扫描来自5大图书馆的上百万本图书，这些图书馆分别是：牛津大学图书馆、哈佛大学图书馆、斯坦佛大学图书馆、密西根大学图书馆以及纽约公共图书馆。数码化图书的行动是为了改变图书出版者、图书馆人员、作家、读者以及研究人员的世界。不知名专家的作品有人去读了；图书馆人员和信息专家将不得不开发出工具来对

这个数据迷宫进行分类和导航；作家和图书出版者可能很快就得开始用数码化的模式思考，就像网站设计者和作家们已经在做的一样。

血腥革命但是，革命很少脱离血腥，而这次革命很快就会变得丑陋不堪。美国的作家和图书出版者正准备着为版权问题追究Google的法律责任。对于由Google和Amazon这样的公司进行的扫描工作是否会将世界文学的掌控权移交到私人企业手中，各方的看法不同。数码化图书并将其放在互联网上供人阅读的想法自20世纪70年代初互联网兴起的时候就已经出现了。［3］美国《独立宣言》1971年7月4日晚被输入电脑网络并发送给每个人，这标志着“谷藤堡工程”的诞生，是第一次图书数码化的冒险。［4］自那时起，该工程的2万名志愿者已经扫描或输入了约5万册不涉及版权问题的图书。诸如这样的工程是由将知识和文学免费传播给每一个人的理想主义愿望所推动的，但使图书珍藏本易于搜索所产生的利益也是推动力之一。搜索性等优势促使弗吉尼亚州的阿灵顿国家科学基金会参与到一个名为“百万图书工程”的开放性事业中。这是一项有着众多参与者的国际性扫描工作，卡内基梅隆大学也是参与者之一。这项工程始于2002年，此后约有60万册不涉及版权问题的图书被扫描，但目前这其中只有大约一半可以在网上找到。［5］扫描工作在印度和中国展开，图书从世界各地的图书馆暂时运送到那里。

量身定做搜索性同样也是商业扫描计划的主要推动力，包括版权未过期的图书内容。例如，如果产品被数码化了，网络书商就可以允许客户在这些图书中搜索，并且在决定购买之前先浏览几页内容。［6］在美国，凭借图书出版者的许可，Amazon将从最受版权保护的图书中得来的资料进行数据化并放在网上供人搜索。Amazon表示目前有数万册图书可供查阅。Amazon在自己的网站上也为人们提供购买电子图书或电子文献的选择，这些图书和文件可以通过下载到便携式阅读工具上进行阅读。Amazon公司希望这些服务可以增加销量。［7］他们表示，图书特色中提供的搜索使销售量增加了8%。科学图书出版者如美国国家学苑出版社自允许人们在网上查阅自己的图书后，也见证了印刷图书销量的增长。但是当Google 公布在“Google图书搜索”工程中计划使数百万册受版权保护的图书可供搜索时，他们没有提到钱的问题。Google发言人奈特·泰勒表示，Google这样做的目的是为了普及信息，将当前只能在网络以外找到的文学作品纳入到这个工程中来。但是Google公司通过这项活动获得经济利益的可能性激怒了美国的作家和出版机构。今年秋天，作家协会和美国出版家协会共同针对侵权问题对Google提起上诉。他们投诉说Google扫描受版权保护的图书时并未取得他们的许可。Google已从出版方那里获取了许可，可以在“图书搜索”工程中纳入一些受版权保护的作品，但不是所有作品。［8］Google认为他们无需每本图书都征求许可，因为他们要做的事是美国版权法中的“正当采用”特例所允许的。这一特例允许以教学、学术或研究为目的复制相关内容。例如，如果一本图书仍受版权保护，那么Google则不会公开图书的全部内容，而只是公开正文中与搜索结果相关的片段。Google表示，这样一来，人们就更可能购买或租借图书，而且这些片段与图书馆中的卡片目录类似。但是纽约市作家协会的保罗·艾肯认为，不论作品内容被如何使用，扫描作品都是一种侵权行为。［9］这次诉讼的判决结果取决于法院如何决定“正当采用”的概念该如何应用到数码图书和互联网时代当中。Google的计划在其它方面同样震撼了数码图书领域。首先，许多人认为这种规模和资源量意味着Google可以完成这项壮举——如此大型的数码书库比以往任何时候都显得前景更现实更接近。Google同时也激励它的公开及私下的竞争对手加倍努力，并且为图书馆和图书馆人员的未来画上了一个问号。

推陈

［10］但是美国图书馆协会会长迈克尔·戈尔曼说他不担心图书馆会过时。因为除了为读者提供图书，图书馆还可以作为一个人们见面和学习的地方。而且人们依旧需要图书馆人员的信息管理专业知识。

Part III

Section A

11.

［A］The woman s luggage is too heavy to carry.

［B］The woman should leave New York with Nick.

［C］The woman should finish the heavy work before she goes.

［D］The woman should ask Nick to drive her to the airport.W: I m leaving for New York tomorrow at noon. Could you drive me to the airport?

M: Only if I hadn t had such a heavy load of work to do. Nick won t b e working tomorrow.

Q: What does the man suggest?【解析】观点态度题。女士明天中午要去纽约，问男士能不能开车送她去机场，男士回话中的虚拟语气句Only if I hadn t…表明他的工作任务很重，没有时间送女士，但他又说到Nick won t be working tomorrow（Nick明天没有工作），言外之意就是Nick明天有时间，建议女士请Nick送她去机场，故答案为［D］。12.

［A］8:00.

［B］8:10.

［C］8:07.

［D］8:13.M: My watch says 8 o clock sharp. Is it right?

W: I don t think so. My watch says 8:10. But it is three minutes faster.

Q: What time is it now?【解析】数字信息题。男士问女士现在是不是8:00整，女士回话中的I don t think so表明现在的时间不是8:00。再根据女士话中的My watch says 8:10及But it is three minutes faster（但是快了3分钟）可以判断现在应是8:07，故答案为［C］。13. ［A］Stay and finish his questions.

［B］Stay and eat inside.

［C］Go bike riding.

［D］Go out to eat.W: Let s head out for a bite, John.

M: I would if I didn t have these questions to complete. I guess I can pu t them on hold, though. Q: What will the man probably do next?【解析】行为活动题。男士回话中的条件句I would if I didn t…（如果我没有这些问题要解决，我会去的）表明，男士现在不会去吃饭，而是首先要解决问题，故答案为［A］。I guess I…表达了一种让步关系，与前一句话一起表明，即使这些问题可以on hold（延期），男士也不会放下问题不管。14.

［A］The movies are worth watching.

［B］The movies may not be up to date.

［C］The movies may not be in good quality.

［D］The man s taste for movies is not good.M: Jack and I are thinking of going to the movies on Sunday afternoon. Care to join us?

W: Sunday afternoon? I guess it s half price th en, but are the movies up to scratch?

Q: What does the woman mean?【解析】观点态度题。男士邀请女士周日下午和他们一起去看电影，女士回话中的反问句…but are the movies up to scratch?（……但是那些电影能行吗？）表明女士怀疑电影的质量，认为电影可能不好，故答案为［C］。15.

［A］In the American Embassy.

［B］On campus.

［C］In a photographer s s tudio.

［D］In a bank.W: If I leave for America in two months, as I ve been planning, I d better get my passport picture taken soon. Is there a photographer nearby?

M: There s one just off campus, but his price is higher. I think there s one near the down t own bank whose price is cheaper.

Q: Where does this conversation probably take place?【解析】地点场景题。女士问男士Is there a photographer nearby?而男士话中的there s one just off campus（校园外正好有一个）表明对话应该发生在校园里，故答案为［B］。16.

［A］Went to England.

［B］Saw a doctor.

［C］Visited his friend.

［D］Stayed at home.W: I thought you were going to see your friend last weekend before you left for England.

M: I intended to, but at the last minute he called and said that weekend was inconvenient, so I stayed home.

Q: What did the man do last weekend?【解析】行为活动题。女士说她本来以为男士上周末会去看朋友，男士回话中的转折句but…表明他的朋友上周末有事，不方便见面，所以他stayed home（待在家里），故答案为［D］。17.

［A］Judge and lawyer.

［B］Bank clerk and customer.

［C］Policeman and witness.

［D］Lawyer and client.M: Mrs. Hunt, are you sure it is the man who you saw in last night s robbery? Now look at him again and this is very important.

W: I m absolutely sure about him.

Q: What s the probable relationship between the two speakers? 【解析】身份关系题。男士请女士确认那个男人是不是就是昨晚抢劫的人，由此可知，女士在对话中的角色是一名目击者，而男士很可能就是一名警察，故答案为［C］。18.

［A］Spanish.

［B］Arabic.

［C］Japanese.

［D］Chinese.M: Mr. Black is fluent in Spanish and now he is beginning to study Arabic.

W: He also knows a few words in Japanese and Chinese.

Q: Which language does Mr. Black speak well?【解析】事实状况题。男士说Mr. Black is fluent in Spanish（Mr. Black西班牙语很流利），现在他要开始学Arabic（阿拉伯语），所以Mr. Black 的Arabic应该没有他的Spanish 好；女士说Mr. Black还懂a few words in Japanese and Chinese （一些日语和汉语），综合二者的话可知Mr. Black的Spanish讲得最好，故答案为［A］。Conversation One

【听力原文】

W: What s ［19］the advantage of using nuclear power in the generation of electricity?

M: In an advanced reactor, as much electricity can be made from one ton of enriched uranium fuel as from 75,000 tons of coal.

W: Then you need only a few lorry loads of fuel at a nuclear power station instead of many trains of coal.

M: Exactly.

W: With coal you have a residue of ash. ［20①］What about the used fuel from a nuclear powered station?

M: Well, being radioactive, it can t be left lying around.

W: So how do you dispose of it?

M: It s loaded i nto thick steel flasks each weighing forty five tons. ［20②］They re dispatched to the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority for reprocessing.

W: So there s little actual wastage.

M: But that doesn t eliminate cost. The reprocessing isn t done for nothing.

W: But electricity from a nuclear powered station is cheaper than from a coal fired plant, isn t it?

M: Well, the cost of operation of nuclear stations is only half the cost of even the least expensive coal fired stations. And later on the figures will 【答案解析】

19. What s the conversation mainly about?

【解析】选［B］。主旨题。对话一开头女士就问男士What s the advantage of using nuclear power in the generation of electricity（用核能发电的优点在哪里），而对话的发展始终都是围绕这一话题展开，谈到核能发电的高效、省钱、清洁等等，故答案为［B］。

20. Where is the used fuel from a nuclear powe red station dispatched according to the conversation?

【解析】选［D］。细节题。女士问男士如何处理核电站里的used fuel（用过的燃料），男士回答说这些燃料会被dispatched to the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority（送到英国原子能局）进行再处理，故答案为［D］。

21. Which of the following is one advantage of generating electricity with unclear power?show an even greater advantage for nuclear energy.

W: But don t nuclear stations cost more to build?

M: Yes, they do. However, their cheaper running gains more than offsets the construction costs. W: And aren t ［21］the nuclear stations cleaner in operation?

M: Yes, and they re better looking than conventional stations and can be sited in places unsuitable for conventional plants. In most cases, they are safe.【解析】选［D］。细节题。对话中明确提到，核电站的1吨燃料和75,000吨煤炭所产生的电量相同，由此可知核电站节省原材料；the cost of operation of nuclear stations is only half the cost of…coal fired stations（核电站的运营成本是燃煤发电站的一半）；cleaner in operation（操作起来更干净），［D］属于核电站的优点之一，故为答案。

Conversation Two

【听力原文】

M: Hi, Shelly! ［22］How was your vacation?

W: Great! I went to New Orleans.

M: Really? Why did you go there?

W: Well, I have a cousin who lives there. She s been trying to get me to take a vacation down there for a long time, and so finally, she talked me into it.

M: How did you get there?

W: Well, at first I was going to drive, but my cousin said parking is a big problem there, ［23］so I flew. Once I was there, I took buses and taxis.

M: I ve seen some pictures of New Orleans — the architecture there is really interesting, isn t it？

W: Yeah, it s incredible, especially in the French Quarte r and in the Garden District where my cousin lives. And I love the spicy food there, and the music, of course. My cousin took me to some great little restaurants and jazz clubs.

M: How was the weather when you were there?

W: ［24］That s the only thing I di d n t enjoy. It was really hot and sticky.

M: Wasn t New Orleans originally a French city?

W: Yes, the French founded it. And then the king of France gave it to the king of Spain, and later the French took it over again. And then the French sold it to the United States along with the rest of the Louisiana Purchase.

M: I remember reading in a history book about the battle of New Orleans. That was during the War of 1812, wasn t it?

W: Right. ［25］The Americans under Andrew Jackson fought a battle with the British near there. In fact, Jackson Square in the French Quarter is named after him.

M: Well, it sure sounds like you had a great time.

W: Oh, I sure did. 【答案解析】

22. What s the main topic of the conversation?

【解析】选［A］。主旨题。对话一开头，男士就问女士How was your vacation，并且接下来的对话都是围绕女士的假期展开的，由此可知对话双方在谈论女士的假期，故答案为［A］。

23. How did the woman get to New Orleans?

【解析】选［C］。细节题。女士提到她本来打算开车去，但她的cousin提醒她找停车位很困难，所以最终她选择了flew（坐飞机），故答案为［C］。

24. What aspect of New Orleans did the woman not like?

【解析】选［A］。细节题。男士问女士在New Orleans度假时，那儿的天气如何，女士回答说That s the only thing I didn t enjoy，由此可知，她不满意的地方是the weather，故答案为［A］。

25.What can we know about Andrew Jackson from the conversation?

【解析】选［B］。细节题。女士提到The Americans under Andrew Jackson fought a battle with the British near there（在安德鲁·杰克逊的带领下，美国人民在新奥尔良附近与英军展开了一场激战），故答案为［B］。

Section B

Passage One

【听力原文】The Library of Congress, the largest library in the United States, contains about eighteen million books. Harvard University has the largest academic library with more than nine million volumes. ［27］The largest public library is the Chicago Public Library with nearly six million volumes, followed by the New York Public Library with 5.5 million. Consequently, finding a book in any of these libraries must be like finding a needle in a haystack!［26①］Librarians use a special system to make the job of finding books easier. To keep the books in order, librarians give a number to each book in the library, and books are arranged on the shelves according to these numbers. In order to find the number of a book, you must look in the card catalogue. The card catalogue is a special file of cards with information about the books in the library. ［28］Each book has three cards in the card catalogue: a title card, an author card, and a subject card. These cards are arranged in the card catalogue in alphabetical order. If you know the title of the book you are looking for, look for the title card. If you only know the author, look for the author card. If you are looking for a book about a particular subject, look for the subject card. When you find the card of the book you want, copy the number of the book, and then ［26②］you can find the book easily.

【答案解析】

26. What is the passage mainly about?

【解析】选［C］。主旨题。文章首先提到世界上最大的几个图书馆，突出书籍数量之多，查找困难之大，而这些都是为了突出说明在图书馆里find the book easily的方法，由此可知，本文主要与在图书馆里寻找图书的方法有关，故答案为［C］。

27. Which of the following is the largest public library in the United States?

【解析】选［C］。细节题。文中提到，the largest public library（最大的公共图书馆）就是the Chicago Public Library（芝加哥公共图书馆），故答案为［C］。

28. How many cards are used for each book in a library?

【解析】选［C］。细节题。文中提到在Each book has three cards in the card catalogue，这三张cards是a title card，an author card，and a subject card，读者根据自己已经掌握的所要找的书的信息只要选择合适的卡就能找到那本书，故答案为［C］。

Passage Two

【听力原文】Twin sisters are supposed to be very much alike, aren t they? Well, my twin Jane and I do look alike. However, we are different in many ways. We like very different styles of clothing. ［29］I prefer to dress informally, whereas my twin sister dresses like a model, always in the latest fashions. We have very similar characters in most ways. ［30］I do not get angry easily and enjoy being with friends. In this respect, my twin sister feels the same. But she likes loud music and modern dances while I find that night clubs give me a headache. She is always with friends, is the favorite of our teachers and never wants to have children, whereas I prefer to be alone at times, don t really try to impress my teachers and intend some day to have a family of my own. We have tried to live in the same room several times and even agreed on the color we like best and the kind of furniture we wanted. ［31］But I like to keep things neat and orderly while my twin sister acts as if there were a servant around to pick up all the things that get thrown on the floor. I like to go to bed early and get up early. In contrast, she doesn t seem to have any definite habits, often goes to bed very late and then sleeps late the next day.【答案解析】

29. What kind of clothes does the speaker like?

【解析】选［D］。细节题。文中提到，the speaker喜欢dress informally（穿休闲的衣服），故答案为［D］。

30. What do the twin sisters have in common?

【解析】选［B］。细节题。文中提到，the speaker不会get angry easily，而且喜欢和朋友们在一起，在这方面，她的twin sister feels the same，故答案为［B］。lose one s temper意为“发脾气”。

31. Why doesn t the speaker like living in the s ame room with her sister?

【解析】选［D］。细节题。文章结尾提到，the speaker喜欢keep things neat and orderly（使东西保持整洁有序），而她的twin sister却不这样，总是乱扔东西，所以她不喜欢和她的twin sister住在一个房间里，故答案为［D］。

Passage Three【听力原文】［32］Mike Wilson worked as a low rank official in the War Office during the early 1940s. Though he didn t hold an important position, he got along very well with almost everybody, and was believed in by most of his leaders.One day, Wilson arrived at his office in an expensive car. Little as his pay was, he appeared to have got a lot of money to spend. He bought an expensive house and gave parties one after another. At one of the parties he met a beautiful woman and fell in love with her. When he was asked by the woman one evening how he had suddenly got so much money to spend, Wilson explained that he had a very rich uncle who lived abroad and posted him money nearly every month. But his story could not fool the woman.

［33］She was a policewoman and was sent to watch him closely by acting as his “girlfriend”, because the police had noticed that ［34①］he often stayed behind in the evenings and was usually the last person to leave the War Office.His “girlfriend” and three other policemen entered his house when he was out and ［34②］discovered copies of the government secret papers and a radio transmitter hidden inside a piano. After Wilson was caught, it was learned that his real name was Jack Brown, and that ［34③］［35］he had been hired as a spy for the Germans.

【答案解析】

32. When did the story take place?

【解析】选［B］。细节题。文中提到，during the early 1940s的时候发生了下文所讲的故事，故答案为［B］。

33. What do we learn about Wilson s “girlfriend”?

【解析】选［B］。细节题。文中提到，Wilson s “girlfriend”其实是一个policewoman，是为了watch him closely才假扮他的女朋友，故答案为［B］。

34. Why did Wilson often stay late in his office?

【解析】选［A］。推断题。文中提到警察开始调查Wilson时发现他总是很晚才走，后来在他的屋里发现了copies of the government secret paper （政府机密文件的副本）以及藏在钢琴里的radio transmitter（无线电发报机），而且调查出Wilson原来是a spy for the Germans （德国的间谍），由此可推断Wilson总是在办公室待到很晚是因为他要窃取War Office的confidential information（机密信息），故答案为［A］。

35. Which of the followng is true about Wilson?

【解析】选［C］。细节题。文章结尾处提到，Wilson是a spy for the Germans(德国的间谍)，故答案为［C］。

Section C

【听力原文】Americans spend a lot of money in their daily life. Working people spend money on (36) transportation to and from work and on various (37) expenses throughout the day. Americans enjoy shopping and buy many things that they need and want. They spend a lot of money on (38) entertainment. They buy sports (39) equipment, go to sporting events and do many things that (40) cost money. However, many Americans don t pay cash or write checks for these things. More and more, they pay for things with credit cards. Credit cards are small, rectangular (41) plastic cards. Banks give these cards to their customers. When the customer buys something at a store, he shows his card at the store. This (42) authorizes the store to charge the bank for the customer s (43) purchase. The bank collects all the charges for each customer. (44) Then once a month the bank requires the customer to pay all the charges for that month. The bank does not force the customer to pay the full amount. (45) It allows the customer to pay for the charges in several payments over a period of time. However, the bank requires the customer to pay interest on the unpaid part of the charges. In this way, (46) the bank allows customers to buy things which they cannot afford at one time. People can use the card to buy what they want and pay for it over a period of time. They also do not need to carry a lot of money.

【答案解析】

36．空前的固定搭配spend…on提示所填词应为名词。由本句中的spend money on (36) to and from work可知，所填词很可能表示上班族在上下班途中进行消费的事项，再根据第一句中的daily可知这种消费是必须的而且是有规律的，让人很自然地想到这种事物就是上下班的交通。transportation意为“交通工具”。

37．空前的形容词various及空后的介词throughout提示所填词应为名词。expenses意为“费

用，开支”。

38．空前的固定搭配spend…on提示所填词应为名词。entertainment意为“娱乐”。

39．空前的名词sports提示所填词应为名词。equipment意为“装备”。

40．分析句子结构可知，that (40) money是定语从句，修饰things，所填词应为定语从句的谓语动词，定语从句的主语that指代things而且上下文为一般现在时，故所填词应为动词原形。cost意为“花费”。

41．空前的形容词rectangular和空后的名词cards提示所填词应为形容词或名词。plastic意为“塑料的”。

42．分析句子结构可知，所填词应为该句的谓语动词，再根据空前的指示代词This和上下文时态可知，所填词应为动词的第三人称单数形式。authorizes意为“授权”。

43．空前的名词所有格customer s提示所填词应为名词。purchase意为“购买”。44．【Main Points】Then once per month the bank asks the customer to pay all of the charges for that month

45．【Main Points】It permits the customer to pay for the charges in several payments during a period of time

46．【Main Points】the bank enables customers to buy what they can t afford at one time

Part IVSection A

【文章大意】

本文主要介绍了几种能帮助戒烟的方法。如：每次烟瘾上来时，做几次深呼吸；把香烟和烟灰缸放在看不到的地方；增加体育锻炼等等。【词性归类】

名词：［B］substitute（代替品，取代品）；［F］ashtrays（烟灰缸）；［K］replacement（代替）；［N］nicotine（烟碱）

动词：［A］analyzed（分析，检讨）；［B］substitute（代替，取代）；［E］crave（渴求）；［H］conducted（进行，引导）；［M］undertake（承担，担任）；［O］undergo（经过，经历）

形容词：［C］additional（另外的，附加的）；［D］crucial（至关紧要的）；［I］peaceful （平静的，安宁的）；［L］athletic（运动的）

副词：［G］physically（身体上地）；［J］extremely（非常地）

47．【解析】选［H］。空前的系动词和空后的介词by提示所填词应为动词的过去分词，故可将答案限定在［A］analyzed和［H］conducted中。句中的These programs指的是第一句所说的“许多机构为吸烟者提供门诊部以使打算戒烟的人互相分享经验”。上述两个选项中能与programs构成合理的逻辑动宾关系的只有［H］conducted（进行），故为答案。48．【解析】选［O］。空后的并列连词and提示所填词应为动词原形，以与throw，eat，enjoy 并列。将选项中的动词原形依次带入原文，最符合句意的只有［O］undergo（经历，忍受）。49．【解析】选［C］。空前的形容词和空后的名词提示所填词可能为形容词或名词。上文已经给出了一些能够帮助戒烟的方法，下文同样也是一些戒烟的方法。由此可知，下文所介绍的戒烟方法相对于上文来说是“其他的，另外的”方法，故所填词应表达“另外的，其他的”之意，答案为［C］additional（另外的，其他的）。

50．【解析】选［N］。空前的定冠词和空后的名词提示所填词可能为形容词或名词。本句主要是讲有其他方法可以帮助戒烟，所以所填词应与上文中的smoking，smokers和下文中的tobacco，cigarette等构成语义场共现的关系，备选项中符合这一要求的只有［N］nicotine （烟碱）。

51．【解析】选［E］。所填词在定语从句中充当谓语，故应为动词。breathing deeply是戒烟的方法之一，所以every time you 51 a cigarette应表达“每当你想抽烟时”。备选项中的动

词用在句中能表达此意义的为［E］crave（渴望）。

52．【解析】选［F］。空前的并列连词and提示所填词应为名词，以与cigarettes并列。下一句中的things that act as clues for smoking a cigarette提示所填词应与cigarette构成语义场共现的关系，选项中符合这一要求的为［F］ashtrays（烟灰缸）。

53．【解析】选［L］。空前的形容词和空后的名词提示所填词可能为形容词或名词。前一句表明，本句所要讲的戒烟方法与exercise（运动）有关，备选项中能与exercise构成语义场共现关系的只有［L］athletic（运动的）。

54．【解析】选［J］。分析句子结构可知，句子主干成分完整，不缺少主要成分，所以所填词应为副词，故可将答案限定在［G］physically和［J］extremely中。本句主要是讲运动对戒烟的帮助，而不是讲运动对身体健康的帮助，故可排除［G］physically。答案为［J］extremely（非常地）。

55．【解析】选［B］。空前的不定冠词和空后的介词提示所填词应为名词。本段第一句提出了另一种能够帮助戒烟的方法：如果你习惯在手指间夹点东西，那么就用铅笔来代替香烟。联系上下文句意可知，所填词应是replace的同义复现，备选项中的名词符合这一要求的为［B］substitute（替代品）。

56．【解析】选［I］。空前的不定冠词和空后的名词性短语提示所填词应为形容词。不定冠词a提示答案应限定在［D］crucial和［I］peaceful中。［D］crucial用在句中明显不符合句意，故排除。答案为［I］peaceful（平静的）。

【文章译文】许多机构都提供诊所以供想要戒烟的人相互分享经验。这些活动由受过训练，懂得该如何帮助烟民转变为非烟民的引导人员来执行。全美的烟民在每年一次的全国禁烟日时努力不吸烟。多达2500万人加入到这为期一天的活动中来。其中有些人将烟扔到篝火里，接受催眠，食用穿着兔子套装的大学生提供的萝卜棒，并且尽情享受着全天督促他们的拉拉队长们的大力帮助。如果你决定戒除这个尼古丁恶习，那么以下是另外一些有帮助的小窍门。许多成功戒烟的人向其他人保证，戒烟最初的那几天是最艰难的，以此来鼓励他们。他们建议每次你想要吸烟时就进行深呼吸。每天两到三个时段的深呼吸很有帮助。将所有的烟和烟灰缸从视线里移走。拿走或避免看见提示你吸烟的物品。增加体育锻炼。开始一项运动计划会十分有帮助，尤其是户外运动。用铅笔代替你习惯于夹在指间的烟。你的身体已经习惯于伴随吸烟而进行某些动作。找到替代动作会有帮助。当你感到急需烟草时，转移注意力会有帮助。刷牙、洗澡、给朋友打电话或者想象一幅平静安逸的画面吧。Section B

Passage One

【文章大意】本文首先简要介绍了关于领导能力的一些理论，接着用关于领导能力的基本原则来说明这些理论的不足之处，由此引出本文的主要内容，即好的领导者应具备什么样的领导能力，并对这些能力进行了一一说明。

57．【解析】选［C］。事实细节题。文章第二段最后一句指出关于leadership的theories造成了mystique and complexity以至于我们很难理解some basic fundamentals（一些基本原则），第三段则指出这些基本原则not highly complex（并不复杂）。结合这两段可知，关于leadership 的theories使原本简单的问题复杂化了，故答案为［C］。［A］和［D］都过于绝对。58．【解析】选［B］。推理判断题。文章第二段指出领导者曾被比喻成orchestra conductors （管弦乐队指挥者），所以只要明确orchestra conductors的能力就可以确定本题答案。由该段中的定语从句who can…可知，orchestra conductors可以将不同的声音和乐器统一起来共同创造一支乐曲。本处是用不同的sounds and instruments比喻不同的people，a united song 则比喻一个共同的goal。所以一个好的领导者就应该能够使不同的人为了一个共同的目标而努力，故答案为［B］。

59．【解析】选［B］。事实细节题。文章第五段第一句指出许多领导者面临的一个主要问题就是get their ego in check（控制他们的自负心）。题目中的it is hard for many leaders to与该段A major factor that…many leaders属同义表达，所以答案应是get their ego in check的同义表达，［B］符合此要求，故为答案。

60．【解析】选［C］。推理判断题。文章第四段指出，The highest leadership 就是让众人服从而不用force，True following的产生是由于people want to engage（他们自愿投入其中）而不是因为they have to或他们只是conforming to the rules at hand（出于对规则的遵守）或seek to please the leader（试图在取悦领导），由此推断，The highest leadership应该是makes people follow out of their own free will（使人们自愿服从），故答案为［C］。

61．【解析】选［C］。主旨大意题。本文首先简要介绍了关于leadership的一些理论，接着指出这些理论其实把简单问题复杂化了，由此引出本文的主要内容，即好的领导者应具备什么样的领导能力，并对这些能力进行了一一说明。结合上述内容可知，本文主要是与true leadership有关，故答案为［C］。

【文章译文】对于领导能力的疑惑已经存在了数十年之久了。［58］领导一直被拿来与乐队指挥作比较，乐队指挥可以将各种声音和乐器整合到一起从而形成一首统一的歌曲。他们也一直被拿来与教练作比较，教练不上场比赛却可以安排一群人执行一套合作战术。［57①］尽管这些理论很重要，但这也造成了领导能力的神秘性和复杂性，使人们很难看清其中的一些基本原理。［57②］这些基本原理并不十分复杂。［60］领导的最高境界是，不动用武力、权威以及地位就能和别人结成“伙伴”关系。真正会听从他们的是那些想要参与的人——不是因为他们不得不这样，不是因为他们是在遵守现有的规则，也不是因为他们想要讨领导欢心。当人们“不得不”听从某人的时候，他们的行为并不是出自本身的意愿，而只是屈从于恐惧或威胁。真正的领导明白，人们需要掌控自己的行为、做自己的决定并且出于自愿地听从他们。［59］妨碍许多领导者的一个主要因素是保持自我的能力。了解自身价值的领导者不需要比任何人更重要。他们不关心自己的地位和受关注情况。他们关注的是自己能否将人们凝聚到一起、让大众行动起来解决问题。这些领导者放弃了“正确”和“优势地位”的需求，他们明白，没人比那些实际工作的人更清楚解决那些工作过程中出现的问题的最好办法是什么。自我调整好的领导会在提出总结和在不打击团队积极性的情况下进行前景展望之间显示出一种恰当的平衡。平衡可以使领导者将自己的注意力集中在领导团队运作所依据的程序上，并且可以解决问题并指出新的方向，而这一切都是在不直接参与团队工作、给出所有方案的前提下进行的。这些领导者明白，他们团队里的人每天都处理解决生活和工作中的各种复杂问题。他们用真诚对待团队，相信每个人都具备正确解决问题的能力。这些领导者使团队中最有才能的人脱颖而出，因为他们要求每个人都尽自己所能攻克难题。Passage Two

【文章大意】本文主要讲了家庭对孩子的抚育以及学校对孩子的教育是相互依赖，相互补充的。家庭对孩子的抚育既受到某一地区文化的影响又受父母们自身能力的影响。而孩子小时应该给予其足够多的自由，以使他们的性格得到自由发展。

62．【解析】选［A］。推理判断题。文章第一段最后一句指出，在一个社会中parents和teachers 都有责任为孩子提供发展机会，所以upbringing和education是互相依赖的，由此可推断，孩子后天性格的培养受他在home和school中的经历的共同影响，故答案为［A］。63．【解析】选［D］。语义理解题。分析该段第一句句意可知，the effects是指experience 对孩子的影响。众所周知，在孩子不断成长的过程中，他的experience也会不断的增长，而experience对孩子的影响也是不断增加的，所以cumulative最有可能的意义是progressively greater，故答案为［D］。

64．【解析】选［D］。事实细节题。文章第一段最后一句中提到upbringing and education are interdependent（抚育和教育是相互依赖的），［D］中的much complementary正是interdependent