2019年专题01 阅读理解(第02期)-2019届高三英语百所好题速递分项解析汇编

【浙江省“五校联考”2019届高三上学期第一次考试】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡将该选项涂黑。

A【浙江省“五校联考”2019届高三上学期第一次考试】

It was when I was walking to my office, trailed by three young people whose ages ranged from 16 to 25, flowing down the corridor behind me like the tail of a kite, that I thought of it for the first time.

This could be because I am not actually a mother. Until recently, I was not a “real” stepmother either. But I have been living with the man who is now my husband, Bernardo for 10 years and in those 10 years, not only have his younger daughters spent every other weekend and half of their school holiday with us but also his son has lived with us full-time. In fact, when Bernardo asked me to move in, he asked his son for permission first.

Being a step mum is hard enough but being a sort-of-step-mother is about the most awkward position a mature woman can find herself in. With my sort-of-steppies, I have occupied a place of influence, power and sometimes extreme anger by turns. I have stepped on a delicate path between being a grown-up friend, a bridge of influence with their father, the woman of the house, and a figure of authority – but not too much.

Love the kids or hate them, you must always remember that no matter how much you cook, clean, hug, comfort and discipline, you will never actually count.

To survive, I trained myself to love the stepkids as hard as I could, but not to care. It’s a handy piece of good mental health trickery I recommend to anyone in my position. I can help with homework, yes, but not bother about the results of that homework. I can teach them good manners, but not care about the bad habits they learn at home. Semi-detached is the position.

1. Which of the following is true about Bernardo?

A. Bernardo seldom cares about the kids.

B. Bernardo dislikes living with his kids.

C. Bernardo respects the opinion of his kids.

D. Bernardo doesn’t recognize his wife as a “real” stepmother.

2. What does the author think of her role in the family?

A. She was totally favored by the kids.

B. She has acted as an enemy of the kids.

C. She didn’t have any influence in the family.

D. She was the communication bridge between kids and their father.

3. What’s the author’s advice for stepmothers in the last paragraph?

A. Be partly engaged in kids’ life.

B. Car e little about kids’ behavior.

C. Seldom get involved in kids’ homework.

D. Become the absolute authority of the family.

【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A

【解析】

本文为应用文。主要叙述作为一个继母应该如何与孩子相处才是一个适当的度。

【1题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“In fact, when Bernardo asked me to move in, he asked his son for permission first.”根据本句的内容可知，Bernardo再婚让妻子搬进家里，还要征求孩子们的同意，由此可推断出Bernardo尊重孩子的意见。分析选项可知C项符合题意。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容It’s a handy piece of good mental health trickery I recommend to anyone in my position. I can help with homework, yes, but not bother about the results of that homework. I can teach them good manners, but not care about the bad habits they learn at home. Semi-detached is the position.可知，作者对于继母的建议就是部分地参与到孩子们的生活中。分析选项可知A项符合题意，故选A项。

B【浙江省“五校联考”2019届高三上学期第一次考试】

Japan has made a lot of noise in recent years about removing the traditional view that women should stay at home while men go out to work. So it was shocking when, on August 7th, Tokyo Medical University (TMU), a distinguished medical school, admitted marking down the test scores of female applicants to keep the ratio of women in each class below 30%.

Their defence was that women are more likely to drop out to marry and have children. To judge female applicants to medical school purely on their academic performance would leave Japan with a shortage of doctors, they said. The admission has caused outrage.

“Doctoring has long been a male field. But it is not the only one. Discrimination is common in banks and trading firms, where stamina (耐力) and loyalty, qualities somehow associated with men, are prized,” says Mari Miura, a political scientist at Sophia University. All this embarrasses a government that has promised to make women “shine”. The policy seems based on the need for more workers rather than on genuine concern for women.

Shinzo Abe, the prime minister, says he wants to bring millions more women into the workforce to make up for a labour shortfall caused by its ageing and declining population. In the field of politics, the record under Mr. Abe’s premiership (首相任期) is disappointing. Just two members of his 20-strong cabinet are women, including Seiko Noda, in charge of women’s rights. Ms. Noda, who makes little secret of her ambition to beat Mr. Abe in a leadership contest next month, has just published a book called “Grab the Future”, her public declaration for pulling Japan into line with “global standards”. She has almost no chance of winning.

4. According to the passage, what has aroused the public’s shock and rage in Japan?

A. Women being more likely to drop out of school to marry and have children.

B. TMU judging female applicants to medical school merely on their test score.

C. TMU putting a lower grade on female applicants to keep a low percentage of women in each class.

D. Japan tending to abandon the traditional view that women should stay at home while men go out to work.

5. What do we know about Seiko Noda?

A. She is quite likely to win the leadership contest.

B. She never fails to show her ambition in public.

C. She is the only female member in Abe’s cabinet.

D. Her newly released book “Grab the Future” is a bit hit.

6. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. Doctoring has long been a male field in Japan.

B. Professions like banking and trading are tailored to men.

C. Shinzo Abe performed poorly in dealing with labour shortfall.

D. Discrimination against women in careers in Japan is a big concern.

【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D

【解析】

【分析】

本文为说明文。主要叙述了最近的日本尤其是医药大学对女性性别的歧视，使社会一片哗然，这一性别歧视现象让日本政府陷入窘境。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段最后部分“So it was shocking when, on August 7th, Tokyo Medical University (TMU), a distinguished medical school, admitted marking down the test scores of female applicants to keep the ratio of women in each class below 30%.” 在 8 月 7 日，当声望卓著的医学院——东京医科大学承认压低了女性申请者的考试分数，以将每个班级中女生的比例维持在 30%以下时，社会一片哗然。由此可知，答案选C项。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后部分Ms. Noda, who makes little secret of her ambition to beat Mr. Abe in a leadership contest next month, has just published a book called “Grab the Future”, her public declaration for pulling Japan into line with “global standards”可知，野田毫不掩饰她在下个月的竞选中击败安倍的野心。她刚刚还出版了一本名为《抓住未来》的书，根据她的言行可知，她在公众场合表达自己的雄心，分析选项可知B项（她在公众面前表达她的雄心）符合题意，故选B项。【6题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要叙述了最近日本尤其是医药大学对女性性别的歧视，使社会一片哗然，这一性别歧视现象让日本政府陷入窘境，出现了很大的问题。分析选项可知D项符合题意。故选D项。【点睛】细节理解题中的语言转述型。文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和

理解。本文中的第1小题就属于细节理解题中的语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。文章中的“So it was shocking when, on August 7th, Tokyo Medical University (TMU), a distinguished medical school, admitted marking down the test scores of female applicants to keep the ratio of women in each class below 30%.”题目中的what has aroused the public’s shock就是对So it was shocking的转述。而TMU putting a lower grade on female applicants to keep a low percentage of women in each class.也是对文章中的marking down the test scores of female applicants to keep the ratio of women in each class below 30%的转述，因此C项正确。

C【浙江省“五校联考”2019届高三上学期第一次考试】

Emoji might not be your first choice of communication in a disaster, but researchers feel they could make a difference during emergencies, where every second counts. Now, the Emoji-quake campaign is lobbying for an earthquake emoji to be added to the Unicode set —the standard group of icons available on digital devices worldwide. The campaign aims to find an

earthquake-appropriate design to be submitted to Unicode.

“Approximately up to one third of the world’s population are exposed to earthquakes,” explains University of Southampton seismologist (地震学家) Dr. Stephen Hicks, a founder of the campaign. “So we really want to be able to communicate to all of those regions, all of those different languages, and an emoji is an amazing way of doing that.”

Unlike many other weather and climate related events, where longer warning times or visible signs are available, earthquakes move incredibly quickly and are difficult to measure while they are still occurring. Populations in areas like Japan and Mexico are dependent on earthquake early warning technology, which issues an alert on digital d evices and broadcast media. “You may have seconds to get under a table or to protect yourself,” explains Dr. Hicks. “That can be life saving in many cases. Naturally you don’t want too much wording in the warning message.”

Pictographs (象形文字) and other visuals like emoji have a track record of being faster and easier to understand than written information. Dr. Sara McBride, a communications specialist, who is also part of the campaign, told BBC News, “Emoji can cross the boundaries of written languages, helping communicate valuable information to people who may struggle to read a certain language.”

The potential usefulness of emoji in emergencies could extend well beyond earthquakes. A team of designers also came up with emerji—an entire set of emoji dedicated to climate and environmental events.

7. According to the passage, why did the campaign choose earthquakes as their target?

A. Because earthquakes threaten many people in different regions.

B. Because earthquakes are the easiest to be expressed by an emoji.

C. Because earthquakes are not difficult to measure while occurring.

D. Because earthquakes are the most destructive disasters in the world.

8. Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “lobby for” in the first paragraph？

A. Hope for.

B. Enter for.

C. Appeal for.

D. Run for.

9. What can we infer from Dr. Sara McBride’s words about emoji?

A. Emoji benefits people with reading disability a lot.

B. Emoji is being used to convey valuable information.

C. Emoji can cross the boundaries of written languages.

D. Emoji is a universal language and helpful tool in communication.

10. The best title of the passage should be ___________________.

A. Could an emoji save our life?

B. What can emoji do in our life?

C. How is emoji changing our life?

D. Do we really know about emoji?

【答案】7. A 8. C 9. D 10. A

【解析】

本文为应用文。主要叙述了一场以添加地震表情符号为目标的运动。该运动的创始人对此做出解释，试图说明地震表情是一种通用的语言交流工具，有助于挽救生命。

【8题详解】

词义猜测题。这次运动想以地震为目标。第二段和第三段中的地震博士Dr. Hicks对此作出解释，目的就是呼吁大家赞同这个观点。分析选项可知C项符合题意。

【9题详解】

推理判断题。第二段最后“we real ly want to be able to communicate to all of those regions, all of those different languages, and an emoji is an amazing way of doing that.”及第三段“That can be life saving in many cases. Naturally you don’t want too much wording in the warning message.”可推断出表情符号是一种通用语言，当灾难来临时不需要多说，表情就可以交流，以此在很多情形下可以挽救生命。分析选项可知D项符合题意，因此选D项。

【10题详解】

主旨大意题。第一段说表情符号可能不是你在灾难中沟通的第一选择，但研究人员认为还是会有作用的。接着下面讲述了一场以添加地震表情为目标的运动。下面的地震博士Dr. Hicks为此作了很多的解释，想让人们相信表情能挽救生命。分析选项可知A项（一个表情能拯救我们的生命吗？）符合题意，故选A项。【山西省吕梁市2018届高三上学期第一次阶段性测试】阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A【山西省吕梁市2018届高三上学期第一次阶段性测试】

A good book is indeed the best friend of a person. The same goes for outstanding CEOs of world recognized companies as well. Let’s have a look at the favorite books of some of the world-famous CEOs of the globe.

Microsoft CEO(Former)-Bill Gates, The Catcher in the Rye bu J.D. Salinger

A few themes explored in the novel are rebellion（叛逆）, anxiety and confusion. It acknowledges that young people are a little confused, but can be smart about things and see things that adults don’t really see. Gates said, “ I didn’t actually read The Catcher in the Rye until I was 13, and ever since then I’ve said that’s my favorite book.”

OWN CEO-Oprah Winfrey, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee

This book talks abou t how a little girl observes the people around her. Winfrey said, “I read it in eighth or ninth grade, and I was trying to recommend the book to other kids. So it makes sense to me that now I have a book club, because I have been doing that probably since I read this book.”

Apple CEO-Tim Cook, Competing A gainst Time by George Stalk Jr. And Thomas M. Hout

This book is based on 10 years of precious research done by the authors. It talks about how newer concepts of managing time in new product development, production and sales and distribution provide companies with the edge to succeed in this highly competitive world.

1. Which may be chosen by parents to learn about kids disobeying rules?

A. Competing A gainst Time.

B. The Catcher in the Rye.

C. Napoleon.

D. To Kill a Mockingbird.

2. Who enjoys reading the life story of a great person?

A. Tim Cook.

B. Bill Gates.

C. Larry Ellison.

D. Oprah Winfrey.

3. What can be inferred from Winfrey’s words?

A. She loved reading when young.

B. She read the book with other kids.

C. The book has an influence on her career.

D. The book is about a girl’s thoughts.

【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C

【解析】

本文主要介绍了世界著名的CEO喜欢读的一些书。

【1题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段第一句A few themes explored in the novel are rebellion（叛逆）, anxiety

and confusion.可知，父母可能会选择The Catcher in the Rye来了解孩子的不遵守规则。故选B。

【2题详解】

推理判断题。纵观全文，Bill Gates / Oprah Winfrey /Tim Cooks这三个名人都不喜欢阅读名人的生活故事。文中并为提及Larry Ellison，故答案为C。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段中So it makes sense to me that now I have a book club, because I have been doing that probably since I read this book.可知，从Winfrey的话语中可以推断出这本书对她的事业有影响。故选C。

B【山西省吕梁市2018届高三上学期第一次阶段性测试】

The Song Dynasty(960-1279) is often referred to as the Chinese Renaissance(文艺复兴). For about three and a quarter centuries, under its rule, China enjoyed a period of economic growth with great artistic and intellectual achievements.

One of the most important factors in the Song Renaissance was the printing press which made for a rebirth of classical Confucian learning. By the 10th century,printers were producing a large number of copies of the classical Confucian texts. With this increase in the production of books, education spread and became widely available.

Printing also had its greatest influence on the Chinese political system. In the Song Dynasty, govemment examinations became the most important way to political power in China. For almost 1,000 years, China was govemed by men who had done very well in examinations. Thousands of students studied for the exams, and thousands of inexpensive books were required. Without printing, such a system would not have been possible.

The Song period was also the golden age of Chinese painting. Emperor Huizong(1101-1125) was a talented painter who encouraged the arts. A royal painting academy was created and many fine artists were supported. The period is best known for nature subjects and landscape paintings. Guo Xi used perspective in his paintings and The Quict Valley is one of his best-known works. One of the greatest landscape painters of the period was Fan Kuan. His masterpiece, Travelling among Mountains and Gorges, is one of the most famous Chinese paintings. Completed around the year 1000, it was inspired by the power of nature and the relative insignificance of humans.

4. When was the Chinese Renaissance?

A. Immediately after the Renaissance in Europe.

B. During the Song Dynasty.

C. At the time of Confucius.

D. in the year 1,000.

5. What contributed to spreading the ideas of Confucius?

A. The spread of education to the middle classes.

B. People’s new interest in classical texts.

C. The development of painting.

D. The printing press and a wide availability of books.

6. How did people become politicians at the time?

A. Only members of the wealthy class could go into politics.

B. A small number of powerful families ran the country.

C. Only members good at painting were supported by the royalty.

D. There was a special exam system to select politicians.

7. From the passage we can know the painter of Travelling among Mountains and Gorges is ＿＿＿．

A. Guo Xi

B. Emperor Huizong

C. Fan Kuan

D. Confucius

【答案】4. B 5. D 6. D 7. C

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。宋代(960 - 1279)通常被称为中国文艺复兴(文艺复兴)。大约三又四分之一个世纪以来，在中国的统治下，中国经历了一个经济增长时期，在艺术和智力上都取得了巨大的成就。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段第一句The Song Dynasty(960-1279) is often referred to as the Chinese Renaissance(文艺复兴).可知，宋朝是中国的文艺复兴时期。故选B。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中In the Song Dynasty, govemment examinations became the most important way to political power in China. 可知，当时人们有一种特殊的考试制度来选拔政治家。故选D。

【7题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段中One of the greatest landscape painters of the period was Fan Kuan. His masterpiece, Travelling among Mountains and Gorges, is one of the most famous Chinese paintings.可知，从这篇文章中我们可以知道山川峡谷的画家是范宽。故选C。

C【山西省吕梁市2018届高三上学期第一次阶段性测试】

They follow you in the street. They ask you for money and they don’t leave you alone when you try to say no. They are the aggressive street-working, fund-raising charity workers, otherwise known as “chuggers”.

The term “chugger” is a combination of two words, “charity” and “mugger”. Chuggers often work in the street. They set up a stall with information about the charity they represent, and they try to get you to donate money to the charity. Typically, they prey on your feelings of guilt, greeting you with questions such as, “Do you care about the planet?” or, “When was the last time you did something for so meone else?”

But a survey of their strategies has found that some charity volunteers are far from charitable. “Many chuggers simply refuse to back off when asked to do so,’’ said Brian Jones, a spokesperson for a charity watchdog (监察人). “One of the problem s is that some chuggers say they are working as volunteers,” he added. “However, they aren’t really. Most of the 50 chuggers we spoke to showed little interest in anything other than raising the maximum amount of cash in the minimum amount of time. They get paid from this so it makes sense. Also, a fifth of fundraisers had no visible ID and almost a quarter failed to give clear information about the cause they were representing. By employing chuggers who break the law, tell lies or refuse to leave members of the public alone, charities undermine the trust we all instinctively have in them.”

But Shirley Bosworth, chief executive of the Institution of Fundraising, said face-to-face fundraising remains “an appropriate and effective method”. “It enables charitie s to engage with a particular demographic of donor, and it means that charity and donor can enter into a dialogue about what the charity does and how the donor’s money will be used,” she explained.

8. What do chuggers do according to the passage?

A. They rob money of strangers.

B. They cheat you into buying things.

C. They ask you to donate money for charities.

D. They hurt your feelings by asking questions.

9. What’s the third paragraph mainly about?

A. The survey of charity volunteers.

B. The problems with charity volunteers.

C. The basic information about charity volunteers.

D. The attitude Brian Jones takes toward charity volunteers.

10. What does the underlined word “undermine” may probably mean?

A. betray

B. strengthen

C. build

D. weaken

11. How does Shirley Bosworth feel about what chuggers do?

A. It’s useful.

B. It’s disgusting.

C. It’s absurd.

D. It’s popular.

【答案】8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍做慈善的“chuggers”。他们在街上跟着你。他们向你要钱，当你试图拒绝的时候，他们不会让你一个人呆着。他们是激进的街头工作者、筹款慈善工作者，也被称为“加油工”。【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中The term “chugger” is a combination of two words, “charity” and “mugger”. Chuggers often work in the street. They set up a stall with information about the charity they represent, and they try to get you to donate money to the charity.可知，根据文章，chuggers让你为慈善事业捐款。故选C。

【9题详解】

段落大意题。根据第三段第一句a survey of their strategies has found that some charity volunteers

are far from charitable.可知，本段主要讲述的是慈善志愿者的问题。故选B。

【10题详解】

词义猜测题。根据第三段中By employing chuggers who break the law, tell lies or refuse to leave members of the public alone, charities undermine the trust we all instinctively have in them. 通过雇佣违法、撒谎或拒绝让公众独处的慈善组织，慈善机构破坏了我们本能地对他们的信任。由此推知，划线词的意思是“使减弱”，故选D。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It enables charities to engage with a particular demographic of donor, and it means that charity and donor can enter into a dialogue about what the charity does and how the donor’s money will be used,”可知，雪莉·博斯沃思(Shirley Bosworth)认为chuggers是有用的。故选A。

D【山西省吕梁市2018届高三上学期第一次阶段性测试】

SAN FRANCISCO(AP)-Samsung says new Galaxy Note 7 smartphones will be available in U.S. stones starting Wednesday to replace about 1 million devices that are being recalled because their batteries can catch fire. The South Korean company has been scrambling to fix problems caused by faulty batteries in the latest version of its top of the line smartphone which first went on sale last month.

When it first offered on Sept. 2 to replace the affected Note 7 phones Samsung said it would swap them for models of its other phones such as the Galaxy S7 until supplies of replacement Note 7 devices became available.

Samsung followed up last week by announcing that U.S. consumers who had purchased one of the recalled phones could choose between a replacement or a refund fro the device which sells for about $850. That offer was jointly announced with officials at the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission after Samsung was criticized for not coordinating more closely with the commission.

Safety officials have urged Note 7 owners to turn off their phones and return them immediately. They cited reports of Note 7 batteries overheating in the United States including 26 instances where individuals were burned and 55 that caused property damage.

The problem doesn’t affect all Note 7 phones because Samsung uses bat teries from different suppliers. But the company has said about 2.5 million devices may be affected worldwide including

1 million sold in the United States.

Samsung also said it’s pushing out two software updates through wireless carriers. One will show a green battery icon to confirm that a Note 7 device is a new one that doesn’t have the battery problem. The other will display a short notice to owners of older phones covered by the recall telling them to turn off their device and take it in for a replacement.

About a quarter of affected phones had been exchanged in the United States by Tuesday According to a spokeswoman for Samsung’s U.S. subsidiary. She was unable to say how many Note 7 buyers sought refunds but said “the vast majority” received a differe nt Samsung phone as a replacement.

12. What’s wrong with the affected Note 7 phones?

A. The price of them is too high.

B. Their batteries can catch fire.

C. They are similar to iphone 7.

D. They have problems with their earphones.

13. What can a U.S. consu mer who had purchased one of the recalled phones do according to Samsung’s announcement?

A. To sell his/her recalled phone to others for about $850.

B. To choose a replacement and a refund for his/her recalled phone.

C. To use the recalled phone to replace a Galaxy S7 first and then one of the new Note 7 devices for free.

D. To return the recalled phone and get a replacement or a refund (about $850) for the device.

14. How many affected phones had been exchanged in the United States by Tuesday?

A. About 0.625 million.

B. About 0.25 million.

C. About 0.875 million.

D. About 1 million.

15. What can we learn from the passage?

A. At least 81 cases of Note 7 batteries overheating were reported in the United States.

B. The Note 7 phones sold in China are safe.

C. The Note 7 phones used batteries from different suppliers never have the same problems.

D. The Galaxy S7 devices are the safest.

【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A

【解析】

本文是一篇新闻报道。旧金山(美联社)——三星表示，从周三开始，新款Galaxy Note 7智能手机将在美国滚石(stones)上市，以取代大约100万部因电池起火而被召回的手机。这家韩国公司一直在忙着修复因电池故障而导致的问题。该公司最新款的高端智能手机上月首次上市。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中Samsung followed up last week by announcing that U.S. consumers who had purchased one of the recalled phones could choose between a replacement or a refund fro the device which sells for about $850.可知，根据三星的声明，购买了其中一款被召回手机的美国消费者归还被召回的手机并更换或退款(约850美元)。故选D。

【14题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句About a quarter of affected phones had been exchanged in the United States by Tuesday According to a spokeswoman for Samsung’s U.S. subsidiary.可知，截至到周二，在美国有大约0.25 million受影响的手机被交换。故选B。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段中They cited reports of Note 7 batteries overheating in the United States including 26 instances where individuals were burned and 55 that caused property damage.可知，据报道，美国至少有81例Note 7电池过热。故选A。

【湖北省仙桃中学2019届高三8月考试英】阅读下列短文, 从每篇短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和D）中, 选出最佳选项。

A

Text E

1. Who is the manager of Finance Department?

A. Carmin Donkin

B. Antonio Parejo

C. Francisco Garcia

D. Jane Sullivan

2. What’s the purpose of Text B?

A. To help staff contact colleagues.

B. To ask to change the time of a meeting.

C. To give personal details to the employer.

D. To inform staff of the changes to a meeting.

3. What does “Please print” in text D mean?

A. Use a printer.

B. Send an email.

C. Sign your name.

D. Write very clearly.

4. What should you do if your department needs paper urgently?

A. Complete a form.

B. Go to Head Office.

C. Contact the Stationery Manager.

D. Telephone Finance Manager.

【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C

【解析】

本文是一篇应用文。通过几张表格介绍了拜登百货公司的经理职位联系电话和公司的一些日常事物处理等信息。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。根据Text D内容得知这是一张百货公司申请文具时需要填写表格，Please print出现在名字那一行，说明要求名字一定要写清楚。故选D。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据Text D中最后一行得知当你的部门急需用纸张时，要联系文具部门经理。故选C。

B【湖北省仙桃中学2019届高三8月考试英】

Differences in land usage, building height, tree cover, rooftop color, and even how orderly the streets are all have an effect on temperature. Taken together, these factors can result in hyper-localized differences in the heat felt throughout a city, which in turn can have a big effect on who's most threatened by heatwaves. That is why citizen scientists are starting to map the urban heat island effect.

Later this month, a team of researchers and about 20 volunteers will spread out across Washington D.C. and Baltimore to take the cities’ temperatures. Equipped with instruments that

record tempera ture data every second, they’ll drive or bike the same route three times to create a snapshot(快照) of how temperatures vary throughout the day. Those snapshots will then be collected to produce detailed maps of heat differences.

“If similar research conduct ed in Richmond, Virginia last July is any guide, those differences can be quite large. Temperatures in more industrial parts of Richmond reached 102°F (38.9°C) on the same day that a nearby shade-filled park topped out at 87°F (30.6°C)”, said Jeremy Hoffma n, a researcher with the Science Museum of Virginia.

Based on the data collected throughout Richmond last year, project member Vivek Shandas at Portland State University and his colleagues were able to produce maps of urban heat across the city as well as heat vulnerability(脆弱性), which takes socioeconomic differences into account. Those maps are now being used to inform a citywide master plan update and a climate resilience(复原) plan.

Shandas and Hoffman plan to produce similar maps from this month's campaigns in D.C. and Baltimore. Finally, the two are hoping to scale up this effort even further. Shandas said he wish to create an off-the-shelf set of guidelines that any city can use to launch its own heat island campaign and generate citywide temperature maps.

Hoffman sees this as a way to help people to relate climate change to their own lives, and then actually do something about it. "The volunteers serve as a feedback mechanism to spread the findings," he said. "We can do heat island assessments using satellites, but we want a team of volunteers measuring temperatures in their neighborhoods to gain a better understanding of where they live."

5. The heat differences throughout the city result from the following factors except ________.

A. height of buildings

B. usage of land

C. layout of streets

D. social economy

6. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A. In Richmond, the difference of temperature between industrial parts and the nearby park can reach 15°C on the same day.

B. The maps of heat differences across Richmond make little contributions to the city plans.

C. The researchers will appoint volunteers to take the temperatures in

D. C. and Baltimore to cut down the expense.

7. Which of the following can replace the unde rlined word “off-the-shelf” in paragraph 5?

A. superb

B. available

C. tough

D. random

【答案】5. D 6. D 7. B

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文。公民科学家发现一个城市的土地使用、建筑高度、树木覆盖、屋顶颜色和甚至街道的规划的差异都会影响这个城市的温度，公民科学家们根据这些因素来绘制城市热岛效应图，它对于帮助人们采取行动减少热浪威胁来说是个很好的方法。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据首段Differences in land usage, building height, tree cover, rooftop color, and even how orderly the streets are all have an effect on temperature.得知，导致城市温度不同的因素有土地使用、建筑高度、树木覆盖、屋顶颜色和街道布局，但是没有提到社会经济。故选D。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段Hoffman sees this as a way to help people to relate climate change to their own lives, and then actually do something about it.得知，Hoffman认为绘制出城市热岛地图，会帮助人们将气候变化和自己的生活联系起来，采取行动来减少热浪的威胁。故选D。

【7题详解】

词义猜测题。根据第四段Shandas said he wish to create an off-the-shelf set of guidelines that any city can use to launch its own heat island campaign and generate citywide temperature maps.得知，Shandas 希望他们能够设计出一套任何城市在推行自己的热岛活动时都可以使用的指导方案。故选B 【点睛】细节理解题的答案往往不是文章中的细节在选项中的简单重复，而是根据文中的细节经过合理的推理或转化得出的。

1．同样，按照答案在原文中出现的位置，细节理解题可以分为集中型细节理解题和分散型细节理解题。（1）集中型：就文章的单个细节提问，答案在原文中出现的位置一般也位于单句话或几句话中。因为具体细节不同，出题形式千变万化，因题而异。如：

1. The heat differences throughout the city result from the following factors except

（2）分散型：题目涉及到文章某一段或几段，甚至贯穿全文的各个位置，需要考生寻找文章中的多个细节。

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崇明区2019届第一次期末质量检测试卷 英语 I. Listening Comprehension II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Electric Bike Ban in New Y ork Hurts Food Delivery Workers A ban on electric bicycles in New York City is hurting delivery workers who depend on them to earn a living. Many of the workers are immigrants. Electric bicycles, or “e-bikes,” look like regular bicycles, but they have electric-powered motors to assist riders in moving the bike forward. Most e-bikes reach speeds of about 32 kilometers an hour, but some can go much (21)________ (fast). (22)________ it is legal to own e-bikes in New York City, it is not legal to operate them. Officials there consider the dangerous use of e-bikes on streets and sidewalks as reason (23)________ the ban. Last year, the city announced severe measures (24)________ (mean) to hold e-bike riders and restaurants that employ the riders responsible. E-bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban. The police (25)________ also seize the bikes. Many of New York’s delivery workers are Chinese immigrants in their 50s and 60s. Their job requires them to work quickly and for long hours (26)________ (earn) enough money to live on. Delivery worker Deqing Lian said it is important to perform quality work (27)________ their job also depends on tips. He added that when delivery workers are too slow, some people refuse to pay for the food. This makes the workers’ supervisors angry. Liqiang Liu is an e-bike delivery worker and spokesperson for the New York Delivery Workers Union. He says (28)________ (catch) breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costly delays for workers. Do Lee is with the Biking Public Project, (29)________ provides assistance to bicycle-related workers in New York City. He says the city’s ban on e-bikes is unfairly targeting low-paid workers who largely come from the city’s Latino and Asian communities. He does not accept the argument (30)________ e-bikes present a danger to citizens. However, many New Yorkers are quick to blame e-bike riders for not being safe. Section B

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