Topic 17
教学目的:学习翻译技巧——语序调整法
教学重点与难点:怎样使用语序调整法使译文忠实、明确、生动
教学方法:技巧讲解和翻译实践相结合
教学参考书:郭著章,《英汉互译实用教程》;冯庆华,《实用翻译教程》;张培基,《英汉翻译教程》;孙致礼. 新编英汉翻译教程[M]. 上外教出版社;彭长江. 英汉-汉英翻译教程[M]. 湖南师大出版社;冯伟年,最新简明英语翻译教程[M],世界图书出版公司,2001;陈宏薇,新编汉英翻译教程[M].上海外语教育出版社,2004
等
1. Definition
“Restructuring” means the necessary or even inevitable change of word order in a sentence according to the usage of the language to be translated into.
例:
All best wishes to our friends in China
for a happy Spring Festival
From the ambassador and stuff of
The Embassy of the United Sates of America
美国驻中国大使雷德
及全体使馆人员
恭祝中国朋友春节愉快!
【原则】:汉语通常是按一定的逻辑顺序, 由原因到结果、由假设到推论、由条件到结果的次序有先有后、有主有次逐层叙述。英语通常开门见山,直奔主题,然后再作解释。
2. Illustrative examples in E-C translation:
1. Don’t scamp your work because you are pressed for time.
不要因时间紧(工作)就马马虎虎。
2. When the air moves it is called wind.
当空气流动就就叫做风,……
空气流动就产生风。
3. Accounts are given of huge mountains sinking, of former plains seen heaved aloft, of fires flashing out amid the ruin.
如下事实被记载下来,……
大山沉陷,平原隆起,火焰喷射,周围是一片废墟,这些都有记载。
3. Illustrative Examples in C-E translation
1. 这个工厂有男工200人,女工250人,干部职员48人,共有员工约500人。
The factory has a staff of about 500 people, including 200 men-workers, 250 women-workers and 48 cadres and functionaries.
2. 我们要建立门类齐全、结构合理、能够满足社会消费和国民经济发展需要的先进的工业。
We shall establish an advanced industrial system which is complete in ranges and rational in structure and which meets the needs of consumers and the expansion of the national economy.
3. 我们要建立农林牧副渔布局合理、全面发展、能够满足人民生活和工业发展需要的发达的农业。
We shall build up a developed agricultural system with a rational distribution and all-round development of farming, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline occupations and fisheries meeting the needs of the people and of an expanded industry.
In doing C-E translation, sometimes it is necessary to invert order to avoid anti-climax. Anti-climax, which means the sudden transition in writing or speaking from a significant idea to a much less forceful idea or to a ludicrous ide
a, should be avoid in a piece of serious writing. In English a series of expressions or phrases is to be arranged in ascending order of rhetorical forcefulness (that is called climax), which is thought to be in keeping with the natural order.
4. 从杭州(1)坐旅游车(2)向西南走(3)大约三小时左右(4)可以到达(5)一个叫瑶琳仙境的(6)旅游胜地(7)。
There is a tourist attraction (7) called Yaolin Wonderland(6) which you can reach(5) in about 3 hours(4) by going south west(3) by tourist bus(2) from Hangzhou.
(This is a phenomenon of ”mirror symmetry” and a typical example of inversion.)
5. … for aught we know(1), other parts of the cosmos may contain beings as superior to ourselves(2) as we are jelly-fish(3).
顺译:也未可知,宇宙的其它部分可能存在着比我们自己更为优越的生命,就像2我们比水母更为优越一样。
倒译:如同人类之优于水母(海蜇)一样(3),宇宙中别的地方可能存在着比人类更高级的动物(2),只是我们尚未知晓而已。
4. Exercises
1. It is popular for the fine views from the summit of the mountain.
2. There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.
3. 浙江省地处中国东南沿海长江三角洲的南翼,/自然风光和历史人文景观交相辉映,素有“鱼米之乡、丝茶之府、文物之邦、旅游胜地”的美誉。
4. 我们不知不觉地朝公园走去。公园就在人行桥那边,桥下很深的地方,汹涌的河水滚滚流过。
Answers for the Exercises
1. It is popular for the fine views from the summit of the mountain.
从山顶远眺,湖光山色,尽收眼底;这儿风景绝佳,遐尔闻名。
③ ② ①
2. There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met.
3. 浙江省地处中国东南沿海长江三角洲的南翼,/自然风光和历史人文景观交相辉映,素有“鱼米之乡、丝茶之府、文物之邦、旅游胜地”的美誉。
Zhejiang Province, located in the south of the Yangtze River Delta, is a
coastal province in southeast China. With beautiful landscapes and rich
anthropological features, it has long been known as a “land of fish and
rice”, the “home of silk and tea”, an “area of rich cultural heritage”, and a
“paradise for tourists”.
4. 我们不知不觉地朝公园走去。公园就在人行桥那边,桥下很深的地方,
汹涌的河水滚滚流过。
Somehow our path took us toward the park, across the footbridge high
above the rolling waters of the river.
5. Paraphrase the passages
1.乞丐和富人
2. Coping With Crisis
6. Assignments
1. Bilingual Reading: I Have Nothing to Offer but Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat (p142)
2. Preview the “Determining the subject”
3.Translate: 滑溜与攀登 & Avoid Foolish
4. Read
: 语序对比(p126-128),(p139-141)(英语笔译实务)