多维教程通达unit12课文原文

Unit 12 Foreword to New World Dictionary

of the American Language

David B.Guralnik

Editor in Chief

1.

The appearance of Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language, College Edition, on the lexicographical scene in 1953 elicited, in the first major review of that work (Library Journal, May, 1953), the encomium "a great advance in American lexicography." In the years immediately following, others made their own assessment of that work, scholars, teachers, students, writers, and workers in every field of endeavor. Unanimity in assessing so complex an undertaking, and one so dependent upon subjective evaluation, is hardly to be expected, but the consensus, as evidenced by rapidly growing acceptance of the dictionary on college campuses and its regular appearance on the bookshelves and desks of researchers, professional persons, and the like, suggested substantial agreement with that first assessment.

2.

Efforts were continually made to maintain the currency of the dictionary through annual, later biennial, updating. These efforts were for a time successful, at least in incorporating the more visible of the newest accretions to the language into the written record of that language. Eventually, however, it became apparent that the flood of new terms inundating the staff's citation file, the subtle changes in pronunciation reflected in the aural citations, and the changes in group attitudes toward numerous locutions had made a total revision of the dictionary mandatory. The first decades of the second half of the 20th century have witnessed not only a population explosion, but an information' explosion of unprecedented proportions. Rapid advances in the physical sciences and

in technology are bringing with them countless new terms and new applications of established terms. Vast sociological and political upheavals have had lexical consequences, and the young of our land, both alienated and unalienated, have made full, vigorous contribution to the slang sector of the language. Free borrowing from other languages, always a salient feature of English, continues unabated (see Dr. Umbach's article Etymology, on p. xxxi).

3.

The science of lexicography makes it possible for the dictionary staff of our times to keep up with these shifts and turns in language and to accumulate large stores of data with which to work. It is still, however, the art of the lexicographer that must be employed in sifting the masses of data, selecting those items and details that fall properly within the scope of the dictionary under construction, and assembling these into an instructive, useful, and graceful whole. Most often, a period of incubation is required for new words to prove their vitality and establish their right to entry in the dictionary. Sometimes, however, the swift current of events brings starling changes, and the items of vocabulary resulting from such events are firmly fixed in our speech from the day of their coinage. Not long before this work went to press, we witnessed a milestone in the human saga, man's first, halting steps on the moon's surface, an event that demanded the insertion of such an entry as mascon and a biographical listing Neil Armstrong, whose feat - and feet - made history.

4.

Those who are familiar with the first College Edition of Websters New World Dictionary will find here the same reassuringly large and clear type and the same single alphabetical listing that makes it unnecessary to leaf through numerous supplementary lists of biographical and geographical entries,

proper names, and abbreviations. They will also find in this Second College Edition the same devotion to careful, detailed definitions as in the previous edition and the same generous use of illustrative examples to help clarify both meaning and usage. As they continue to use this new work, they will, however, discover many thousands of new entries and new meanings not to be found in the earlier edition, many of them, indeed, not to be found in any other dictionary. They will discover. too, small but significant changes in the diacritical key that lend phonemic precision to the pronunciations, and they will discover the changes that the record shows have taken place in the prevalence of certain pronunciations since the first edition. Such change is a phenomenon that always characterized living languages, and it is a special characteristic of the language of America.

5.

The users of this dictionary will find, again, that each entry block has been ordered to show logical semantic extension from the etymology through the earlier uses of the word to the current, often specialized or informal applications. The result is a single coherent paragraph that clearly shows the history and development of the word and the relationship among the meanings rather than an assemblage of fragmented bits of disconnected information. The etymologies, always a strong feature of the New World Dictionary, have been carefully reviewed by Dr. Umbach, who has incorporated the latest etymological findings and has still further extended the practice of showing cognate relationships between words in English and between English words and those in other Indo-European languages. For the first time in any dictionary of the language, the origins of American place names have been included, prepared by Dr. Mathews, where these could be ascertained. Also for the first time in any dictionary, every Americanism has been clearly identified as such (see the "Guide to the Use of the Dictionary," paragraph I., E. on p. ix and Dr. Mathews' article Americanisms on p. xxxiii).

6. The art of the lexicographer is further displayed in the help that is given the user of the dictionary who must decide the aptness of any term or phrase to the use he wishes to make of it. The editors of this work believe that one who consults a college dictionary is entitled to the informed collective determination by the staff as to whether a particular term is appropriate to a standard or formal context or is suitable only in an informal context or as an item of slang; whether a given word is current, or obsolete, or archaic, or now rare; whether it is current only as a regional, or dialectal, term; and whether it is, in spite of widespread usage, held in low repute by those who take a stricter, or purist, view of these matters. The issue is not one on "permissiveness" versus "authoritarianism." No lexicographer, at least in this country, has been given a mandate either to permit or to disallow any usage. He has, however, assumed the responsibility of informing the public of the state of the language as of the time during which his dictionary was being compiled. The status of any usage, as determined by the trained lexicographer after a careful study of current writings and speech and disregarding the crotchets and prejudices of individuals, is a part of the record and should be incorporated among the data made available to the writer and the student.

7.

The absence from this dlctionary of a handful of old, well-known vulgate terms for sexual and excretory organs and functions is not due to a lack of citations for these words from current literature. On the contrary, the profusion of such citations in recent years would suggest that the terms in question are so well known as to require no explanation. The decision to eliminate them as part of extensive culling process that is the inevitable task of the lexicographer was made on the practical grounds that there is still objection in many quarters to the appearance of these terms in print and that to risk keeping this dictionary out of the hands of some students by introducing several terms that require little if any elucidation would be unwise. In a similar vein, it was decided

in the selection process that this dictionary could easily dispense with those true obscenities, the terms of racial or ethnic opprobrium, that are, in any case, encountered with diminishing frequency these days.

8.

The vocabulary entered was chosen to meet the needs of students and others in this particular period of history, and so it will be seen that there is here a heavier proportion of terms from the sciences than was true for previous edition. In response to numerous requests, it was decided to include the taxonomic designation, or scientific name, for every animal and plant entered. The taxa shown herein reflect the process of continuous adjustment and reclassification that is taking place in this discipline. In general, the technical definitions were written by, or prepared in direct consultation with, leading specialists in every field.

9.

Population figures for geographical entries and other similar statistical data have been checked with authoritative sources. Unofficial estimates have been avoided; only the latest official counts or estimates were considered reliable.

10.

On the editorial staff page preceding this foreword are listed the names of those wholaborad to produce the dictionary. Titular designations, however descriptive in intention, often fail to describe adequately the roles and responsibilities carried out. For example, Dr. Mitford M. Mathews, dean of American lexicographers and editor of the Dictionary of Americanisms, has over the past decade had a lively impact on nearly every aspect of this work to a degree improperly conveyed by the designation "Special Consulting Editor."

11.

A major advantage in the preparation of the second edition of a dictionary is the inevitable exposure to the collective wisdom of those who have put the first edition to the test of repeated usage. Over the years we have benefited immeasurably from the suggestions, queries, emendations, and citations offered by scholars, experts, and lay people throughout the United States and, indeed, throughout the world. However desirable, it would be impractical to attempt to acknowledge individually those many who have given us, and in many instances continue to give us, aid and advice. They will know who they are and, we trust, will accept our generalized thanks.

12.

Special acknowledgment must be made of those scholars who participated in the staff's planning sessions and whose good counsel has served us so well in the execution of those plans: Professor Charlton Laird (whose article Language and the Dictionary on p. xv you are urged to read), Professor Donald L1oyd, and the late Professor George Grauel. Our thanks are also herewith extended to the many individuals at institutions and agencies, private and governmental, who so graciously served as sources of information and verification, and to those persons who served as regular informants on matters of pronunciation and usage. Special thanks are due to the editors and custodians of the unpublished records of the Linguistic Atlas of the North-Central States for making those materials available to us, to Miss Dorothy Fey, of the United States Trademark Association, for her invaluable help in determining whether terms suspected of being trademarks do currently in fact have such status, and to Professor Frederick Mcleod for his expert assistance in the preparation of the supplementary "Guide to Punctuation, Mechanics, and Manuscript Form." For their helpful cooperation in solving a number of problems in typography, thanks are due to Mr. Donald M. Snyder and Mr. Willis Larson of the American Typesetting Company.

13.

The editors of Websters New World Dictionary of the American Language, Second College Edition, firmly believe that the years of work expended on its production will be justified by the many services it will perform for those who turn to it. To ensure that the greatest possible benefit is obtained from this reference work, the user is urged to read the "Guide to the Use of the Dictionary" on the following pages.

新视野大学英语读写教程第三版第一册课文翻译

Unit1奔向更加光明的未来 1 下午好！作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。你们所取得的成就是你们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。在这所大学里，我们承诺 将使你们学有所成。 2 在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。妈妈吩咐我们：“姿势自然点。” “等一等 , ”爸爸说，“把我递给他闹钟的情景拍下来。” 在大学期间，那个闹钟每天早晨叫醒我。至今它还放在我办公室的桌子上。 3 让我来告诉你们, 一些你们未必预料得到的事情。你们将会怀念以前的生活习惯，怀念父母曾经提醒你们要刻苦学习、取得佳绩。你们可能因为高中生活终于结束而喜极而泣，你 们的父母也可能因为终于不用再给你们洗衣服而喜极而泣！但是要记住：未来是建立在过 去扎实的基础上的。 4 对你们而言，接下来的四年将会是无与伦比的一段时光。在这里，你们拥有丰富的资源：有来自全国各地的有趣的学生，有学识渊博又充满爱心的老师，有综合性图书馆，有完备的运动设施，还有针对不同兴趣的学生社团——从文科社团到理科社团、到社区服务等等。你们将自由地探索、学习新科目。你们要学着习惯点灯熬油，学着结交充满魅力的人，学着 去追求新的爱好。我想鼓励你们充分利用这一特殊的经历，并用你们的干劲和热情去收获 这一机会所带来的丰硕成果。 5 有这么多课程可供选择，你可能会不知所措。你不可能选修所有的课程，但是要尽可能 体验更多的课程！大学里有很多事情可做可学，每件事情都会为你提供不同视角来审视世 界。如果我只能给你们一条选课建议的话，那就是：挑战自己！不要认为你早就了解自己对什么样的领域最感兴趣。选择一些你从未接触过的领域的课程。这样，你不仅会变得更加博学，而且更有可能发现一个你未曾想到的、能成就你未来的爱好。一个绝佳的例子就是时装设计师王薇薇，她最初学的是艺术史。随着时间的推移，王薇薇把艺术史研究和对时装的热爱结合起来，并将其转化为对设计的热情，从而使她成为全球闻名的设计师。 6 在大学里，一下子拥有这么多新鲜体验可能不会总是令人愉快的。在你的宿舍楼里，住在你 隔壁寝室的同学可能会反复播放同一首歌，令你头痛欲裂！你可能喜欢早起，而你的室友 却是个夜猫子！尽管如此，你和你的室友仍然可能成为最要好的朋友。如果有些新的经历让你感觉不那么舒心，不要担心。我保证快乐的经历会多于不快的经历。而且我保证几乎所有这些经历都会给你带来宝贵的经验教训，从而使你的生活更加丰富多彩。所以，带着热切的目光和欢乐的心情，勇敢向前去拥抱这些新的体验吧！ 7 我们相信，你们的自我发现之旅和对爱好的寻求带给你们的将不仅仅是个人的进步。我们相信，当你们成为我们的学者群体中的一员时，你们很快就会认识到，大学不仅提供大量自我充实的机会，同时也带来了责任。一位智者说过：“教育代代相传，它就是社会的灵魂。”你们是你们家庭辛勤劳动成果的传承者，也是无数前辈辛勤劳动成果的传承者。他们积累了知识，并把知识传递给你们，而这些知识正是你们取得成功所必需的。现在轮到你们了。你们会获取什么样的知识？你们会发现什么样的兴趣爱好？你们怎样做才能为你们的子孙后代创造一个强大昌盛的未来？ 8 我们很高兴能为你们人生旅途中这一重大阶段开启大门。我们很高兴你们将获得许多机会，也很高兴你们将作为社区、国家乃至世界的公民承担起应有的责任。欢迎你们！

多维教程探索课后题整理

A 1、A deficiency in educational 2、A survey shows that ambitious 3、All the children in deficient 4、Although he was confronted with 5、Electronic art is a 6、After his graduation from try his luck 7、As you are married spouse 8、A person who has therapist 9、An overwhelming majority 10、A number of formidable 11、a number of (hypotheses) 12、About 100 years theorized 13、After cutting the wheat glean 14、After two hours .manifest 15、almost all the real (stipulate) 16、All the survivors psychotherapy 17、Americans are tilt 18、As a top student. .initiated 19、Any action disrupt B 1、Between Christmas list 2、Because he was driving deviate 3、Bert*s wife stick by 4、Buying a stretch cost big bucks 5、Bill disliked？was mutual 6、Both sides have？binding on C1、Could you spare me 2、Climate is especil in the case of 3、Chronic in digestion come in forms D1、During the interview, certainty 2、Do you kown was referred to as 3、Death was criminologist 4、During negotiation contentious E1、Examples extracted from 2、European TV in comparison 3、Electronic art 4、Examples of successful initiative 5、Educators are worried cocoon F 1、Foreign language learners courtesy 2、for different endowments 3、Faced with the to the hilt 4、Feeling a threat depreciate H1、He is loved by sense 2、He met with be having an affair with 3、He has been watching for every mail 4、He is of American origins 5、He was arrested and committing 6、He is a shrewd 7、He left his seek his fortune 8、He capabilities opening 9、Having the car screwed up 10、His behavior is depressive 11、His friends slapped 12、He showed us all gleanings 13、He took her alarmingly 14、He wangted to to the hilt 15、His life was compartmentalized 16、He was a famous articulately 17、he is a very (sheer) 18、He is quite different s s parkles I1、It is important that functional 2、In spite of a good confronted 3、It is a very demanding novelty 4、In order to make some lease 5、It is very interesting prevalent 6、It is reported that extracting 7、I couldn*t believe he had a stroke 8、It is really amazing stroke 9、If you want to quit goes with 10、I was born and grew up 11、I still feel it draw a line between 12、I should not let him take on 13、In that country, piled up 14、It is unlikely that amount to 15、If you don*t kown end up 16、I asked him was working out 17、In order to have a touchy 18、In order to prevent in public 19、It is a place where dignity 20、It is the accumulated differentiates 21、I have been ashamed of my refusal 22、I could hear (blundering ) 23、In many places laissez-faire 24、In order to attract fluctuates 25、in order to (get into tamper) 26、it is unrealistic(infallible) 27、it is reported that (conned) 28、It was too dark identify 29、It is always prudent 30、It is wrong for destiny L1、Long time tension deviantly 2、Lioyd has carved a niche for 3、Life was pure misery M1、Many discoveries sensitivity 2、Many teenagers compulsion 3、Many new and lease 4、Many immigrants deficiency 5、More than twenty confrontation 6、Many people in China going through 7、Most foreign visitors on their own 8、My university, excellence 9、My friends and I overly violent 10、Many people feel run amok 11、Many people stand manifestation 12、Many countries have victims 13、Many people enjoy wrestling 14、Mr.Steele thinks victimization 15、more and more people (wincing) N1、Nowadays the tradition prevalent 2、Not many people beyond their dreams 3、Nowdays the (instantaneously) 4、Nowadays,some monsters O1、One evening, stroke 2、On children*s Day, waiting around 3、On this hot irresistible 4、on a hot day (fling off) P1、People who are sensitive 2、People feel sorry stroking 3、People are expecting be done with it 4、People*s appearance makes a difference 5、Ping Smulling penalty S1、Some people are very sensitive 2、Statistics reveal prevalent 3、Some scientists and doctor purified 4、Sometimes, leasing an 5、Some people believe hold our people together 6、Sometimes, the subtle 7、She likes her new job gallivant 8、Some educators holding back 9、She is quite comfortable with 10、She had a talent for 11、She sang an emotional 12、She suffered burnout 13、She was absent a touch of 14、She bought a stroll 15、she is a good (choked) 16、She's an excellent conscientious 17、Some people want prestige 18、Some problem student identity 19、students who by the book 20、such a kind (After all) 21、surveys made by (fallible) T1、This book is highlights 2 The applicants documents withheld 3、The Chinese government compulsory 4、Those who plan compulsory 5、The investigation deviation 6、The prevalence of complaints 7、The demerits deficient 8、There is no need extracts 9、Two U.S Army confronted 10、The proverb“spare the rod and spoil the child” 11、The documents came in response to 12、That pop singer teamed up with 13、They look upon training 14、Ted cleaned out his desk 15、The young generation hates slaving away 16、The big company corporate 17、The consulant even devious 18、The actress now estate 19、The young woman greed 20、The policeman took away violated 21、These were creatures so to speak 22、The strange noise turned out 23、They went into a small bar counterpart 24、The experienced businessman counseled 25、The director told the prospective 26、The problem of some adorable 27、The projector is connected with 28、Aside from taking twenty 29、The cultural argument heritage 30、The vegetarian ingredients 31、They are convinced in corporate 32、The minister mandatory 33、The tragedy could averted 34、The U.S. government rash of 35、The best moral sanction 36、There was a definite bias 37、The British Army in the throes of 38、The identical twins adjoining 39、These community are likely to 40、The investigation bureaucrats 41、The university priority 42、Through long-time currency 43、The people’s shrine 44、The differences irreconcilable 45、The governing body constituted 46、The football match wrestling 47、They wrestled the whole day 48、The salesman talked victimized 49、The colour and manifests 50、The saying he gleaned 51、The boy said impulsion 52、The newly-unearthed embodies 53、These sculptures are embodiment 54、The arrangement and embodies 55、The suffering of multitudinous 56、Teachers are required initiate 57、the professor had (obscure) 58、the treasurer (screwed up) 59、the baby kept (embedded) 60、To show our appreciation 61、To express their multitude 62、this man has (credulous) 63、these islands are(nonetheless) V Viewers in Shanghai at their disposal W1、We should not turn a blind eye to 2、We saw a lot of flattering 3、With the encouragement take comfort in 4、We had planned make up for it 5、With keen insight, 6、With the development believe in 7、We went to specializes in 8、When we visited at any given moment 9、With the support multitude 10、When she learned that impulse 11、We should carefully impulsive 12、When he was contending 13、Whether the stationed contention 14、When kids meddlesome Y1、You will be spared the fine 2、Young people tend jump ship 3、You need to bring a spare tire 改错： A project --C、by A knowledge --C、it A Brazilian--C、until A great--D、of which As you--D、learn better。 As for--B、it is Any culture--C、seeks. Aside with --A、Aside from Accordingly--D、the envy or admiration。 American fire --C、twice。 Abraham---D、would he be. By--B、facing retirement。 Brush strokes --D、himself Consider the frequently --B、that。 Civilized peoples--D、then saying that Congress has been--A、has been wooing Casualties(伤亡) are said----D、remains. During the process--A、may Despite of the fact--A、Despite the fact。 Despite his low --D、one Don’t make the---D、to say something Economists have --B、to encourage。 Every paper and--A、was Ever since the invention---C、has been Early industrial people---A、 as much energy as. Fungi are--D、decomposes。 From a business--B、nor Geothermal sources---C、would end up. He argues that--B、to have to suffer。 He had turned--D、feeling depressed His mood--B、deep depression Had they --C、would have not venture Health activists--C、were designed Human beings are playing a---C、paying for . Human beings are social--B、to live in. I would advise--C、become convinced that。 I didn’t mind their----C、objected to. I think I would--B、would have enjoyed。 In these days--A、cost of living。 In Latin America--D、fewer than those who have not。 In order to use--A、effectively。 In what following--A、what follows In spite of his--D、a young man’s. In debating --D、however In an effort--A、better protect In a recent --D、as the leas t。 If such pervasive--A、so。 If only I would--B、had read。 If our friends---C、make alternative. If asking--A、If asked If the highly--C、had anxiety attacks It is surprising --B、he has read。 It is possible--C、to illustrate。 It looked as--D、behind them。 It was an ---A、accepted.(custom in) It’s true that the---C、though. It is no doubt—A There is It is our decline--B、so that Just like--A、Just as。 Most of the people--B、most gloriously Marine biology--C、has furthered Man requires --B、but。 Musical instruments--D、for which。 No one on this --B、of taking advantage. No one can predict ---A、what On this shelf --C、in which On each side --B、were On seeing the---C、to his feet. Our first --A、 requires。 People who lose--C、what they eat. People seem to --C、depending upon Some of the support--B、earlier units。 Since the ring --C、has increased。 Since I loved--B、mother-in-law’s. Scientists reckon--C、but Sea creatures--C、were changed through So effective--B、are these techniques The trouble is that--A、is that with。 The trouble is--D、until。 The chairman of-- B、is。 The sharp --C、partly because it。 The lawyers for --C、be delayed。 The thing she--B、her age。 The more people --D、there will be The pet dog ---C、of a head injury. The first English--A、what is. The teacher said--D、it. The text and---D、ignored. The stroke left him---C、impaired. The university,faced---D、its. The current anti-procreative--C、of. The field of --D、acting on。 The suggestion that taxes--A、should be cut The agreement allows --D、expired The large number--B、is The initiative--C、in which The reason why --C、that They cannot go camping--D、 three-week-old。 Two metal surfaces --D、are reduced To meat the --A、expanding To protect --B、it To be tabled in --B、are These are some of--C、discussed There is absolutely no----D、with which. This time Williams--D、expected This has caused--C、hardly anything. Though Art Tatum --C、the other。 Today,the Park—C、protected areas Up to 30--D、shooting at Vincent Van Gogh--C、 would never have considered。 We are willing--C、how little it might be We’d rather have--A、than have Were it not--B、would not have developed Were banks increase--B、banks to increase When a person--C、is judged。 When attempt--A、when an attempt。 When they --C、which was what。 When we are going --A、buy When we speak --B、or When sailors--C、go. With the word---A、By.

新视野大学英语(第二版)读写教程3 课文翻译

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Unit 1 travel language旅行通用语 The Academie Francasie has for decades been the watchdog over the French language. A few years ago, French sensitivity to the influx of English words became so great that law for the purification of French was adopted. The law covers even technical applications. For example, in theory, it is now compuslory in France to refer to the Boeing 747 as a gros-porteur, leasing as credit-bail, etc. the list is very long and detailed and applies to all facets of life. Mr. Chirac, the French President, might well expand on this list and come up with some new French terms for words such as "internet" or "byte stream" just to name a couple. The mind boggles at what the world might face. 数十年来，法兰西语言研究院一直捍卫着法语的尊严。几年前，由于法国人对英语词汇的入侵非常敏感，该机构颁布了净化法语的法律，其内容甚至涉及专业术语。就拿波音747 (Boeing747)来说吧，现在法国人必须用法语词gros-porteur；表示出租的leasing 也变成了credit-bail。此类例子不胜枚举，触及生活的方方面面。法国总统希拉克很可能会继续加大力度，直至连英特网internet和字节流(信息组)byte stream之类的词也找到相应的法语新词。哎，真不知未来的法语会变成什么样。 Unfortunately (or perhaps not), the English language is not so protected. Quite apart from the unforgivable deviations from the king's English prevlent in America, where "honour" is commonly written as "honor" and "night" as "nite," many well-tested has also been give new meanings, making communication somewhat difficult. For example, the boot of a car has become to be called a trunk – a word reserved in England for the main part of a tree. The bonnet is a hood, good old nappies are diapers, and a baby's matinee jacket is a vest. It's obvious that the two countries are indeed separated by what once was a common language! From an American point of view, of course, it could be argued that the British speak English with a speech deficiency. 不幸的是(或许并非不幸)，英语没有受到如此的保护。在美国，随处可见严重偏离英国标准英语的美式英语。―honour‖普遍被写成―honor‖，―night‖也变成了―nite‖。许多词意广为人知的英式英语单词被赋予新的解释，交流也变得有些困难。比如说，汽车的行李箱―boot‖变成了―trunk‖(一个在英国指代树干的单词)；引擎盖―bonnet‖变成了―hood‖(英式英语中的风帽)；老式婴儿尿布―nappy‖变成了―diaper‖(英式英语中的菱格花纹织物)；婴儿小外套―matineejacket‖也变成了―vest‖(英国的内衣汗衫)。显而易见，两国英语曾同出一源，而如今却将两国彼此隔离。当然了，按美国人的观点，是英国人的语言表达出了问题。 Even worse English, however, is in use. Anyone who travels in foreign countries and observes it on menus and posters, in hotels, and indeed in everyday life can testify that what used to be the king's lingo has become in these places but a poor relation thereof. Allow me to elaborate. 实际使用中，甚至还有更糟的英语呢!只要你在外国旅游并注意一下菜单、海报、旅店、甚至当地日常生活中的英语，就可以证明过去的标准用语在这些地方已变得不伦不类，让我详例如下： The travel writer Perrot Phillips has taken pains to highlight some of his experiences, which I feel should not be withheld from a wider readership. He refers to a Dutch bulb catalogue which promised customers "a speedy execution" and to an East Berlin cloakroom sign that requested guests to "please hung yourself here." One hopes that nobody took the advice literally. 旅行作家波洛?菲利浦曾不惜笔墨地渲染自己的几番经历，我觉得该有更多的读者了解一下。他提及某份荷兰的灯泡目录，上面对用户承诺有―a speedy execution‘——快速处死(毫无疑问，想表达的应是―送货及时‖)。此外，东柏林的一个衣帽间告示要求客人―please hang yourself here‖——请在这儿吊死自己(本想说的是―将衣帽挂在这儿‖)。只希望没人会真的从字面上去理解。

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