【5*3 名词错误试题】
根据汉语提示写出单词
1 He wrote a lot about his___(_经历)as a country teacher
2 Most people in China have small__(花园) at the backs of their houses
3 We should pay more__(注意)to our written work.
4 The girl was shopping when she saw a car___(事故)
5 Children need time and____(自由) to have fun
6 We can get a lot of __(信息)from the Internet
7 We’ll have a __(讨论) at 2:00 this afternoon
根据汉语意思用所给的名词适当形式填空
The five ___(German) have been to the Great Wall twice
选择填空
1 Our English teacher often gives us ___ in English by e-mail
A some good information
B some good informations
C good informations
D a good information
2 Jim’s handwriting is better than any other___ in his class
A students
B students
C student’s
D students’
3 I like a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways
A fish
B butter
C potatos
D noodles
4 Oh,my God!We have missed the last bus,What shall we do?I’m afraid we have no__ But to take a taxi
A choice
B decision
C reason
D information
5 __the teachers in their school is about 200 and one gourth of tnem are__teachers
A A number of; women
B A numberof;woman
C The number of:women
D The number of:woman
6 Paper-making is__of ancient China.
A one of greatest inventors
B one of the greatest inventors
C one of greatest inwentors
D one of the greast inventions
7 They got much__on the Internet.
A photo
B ideas
C message
D information
8 Bill is ill.Do you know what’s wrong with him?Poor boy.His illness is the__of eating unhealthy food
A result
B cause
C reason
D end
9 I found my black cat in ___room
A Jim and Mike
B Jim and Mike’s CJim’s and Mike’s D Jim’s and Mike
10 The son asked his mother to buy___glasses for him
A a type of
B a pile of
C a piece of
D a pair of
11 He found two___ in the room
A photos
B heros
C tomatos
D potatos
12 What do you think of the____there? It’s very delicious
A cakes
B meat
C noodles
13 During Chritmas,people get together and sing Christmas songs for___
A fun
B wishes
C interest
D thanks
14 Where’s your father?At___. A Mr Green’s B Mr GREEN C the Mr Green’s
15They have searched the ___for three hours for the information about the Canon camera. A TV B radio C Internet D computer
16The little baby has two___. A teeths B tooths C tooth D teeth
17In __time,those mountains will be covered with tree,too.
A few year
B a few years’
C a few year
D a few year’s
18 I’ve got an”A” in the examination. That’s a good__.You will surely win a second
A result
B news
C start
D idea
19 There is no more---- in that___ for so many people.
A room;rooms
B rooms;room
C room ;roon
D rooms;room
20 I wanted to explain,but he didn’t give me any____
A excuse
B chance
C way
D choice
21 The old man dropped the___and broke it
A cup of coffee
B coffee’s cup
C coffee cup
【5*3】冠词代词
用适当的冠词填空,不需要的填×
1Hurry up, we will have ___ little time left
2On__sunny afternoon,my partents and I had a good time on the beach.A the Ban Ca D/
3What __ exciting news it is!It’s___ news true? A an;the B an’a C /:the D /:a The warlords is___ most wonderful movie I have seen and I expect to see it for__second time .
A the;a
B the ;the
C a; the
D a;a
4 Linda always takes ___active part in sports after school. A / B a C an D the
5 We should ____to children in life. A set a good example B set the good example C put a good example D put the good example
6 Tom looked at the big shark___.
A IN the surprise
B in a surprise
C in surprise
D at a surprise
7 We’ve never seen___film before.It’s very interesting.
1 My daughter wants a rabbit for long,but I have no time to buy___ Linda ,help send you to the new school,your mom or your dad?
A both
B either
C neither
D none
3 Sam looks like his dad.They are __tall.
A either
B any
C all
D both
4 Things made by hand are usually more expensive tnan___ produced in factories.
A these
B this
C that
D those
5 The doctor advised Elsa strongly that she should take a good rest,but___didn’t help.
A she
B it Cwhich D he
6 David talked with a friend of on the Internet for a long time yesterday
A he
B his
C him
D himself
7 ___of the two boys has finished their homework
A all
B roth
C none
D neither
8 The weather in winter here is like__in XI’an
A this
B that Cit D its
9 ___is the best seasin of the year?
A when
B what
C which
D what time
10 How many e-dictionaries do the student have in your class?______
A Each one
B one each
C Every one
D one more
11 __of the four persons will help you to learn English.
A neither
B either
C both
D any
12 Jim,whichwould you like,a glass of milk or a cup of tea?
___,thanks .I think I’ll just have a glass of water
A all
B neither
C both
D either
13 Which would you like,this sweater or that one?
I’m afraid I like neither.Would you please show me___?
A other
B another Cthe ot her D one
数词
*We don’t have enough nurses to look after the patients .At least___are needed
A ten another nurses
B more ten nurses
C other ten nurses
D another ten nurses
*A new study proves a ___ walk every day is enough to keep people away from becoming fat
A 30-minute
B 30 minute’s
C 30-minutes
* Although I failed there times,my father encouraged me have a__ try
A three
B third
C fourth
D four
*Scientists believe that people will live to be two ___ years old in the future
A hundred
B hundreds
C hundred of
D hundreds of
*Lei Feng was a soldier. A in 1960s B in 1960’s C in the 1960s D in his 1980’s
*He’s too tired to move agter___hard work.
A three hours
B three hours’
C three hour’s
D three hour
*It took me__to chat with my parenta last night.
A one and half hours
B one and half hour
C one and a half hour
D one and a half hours
*The number 999 is read____
A nine hundreds and ninety nine
B nine hundreds ninety nine
C nine hundred ninety nine
D nine hundred and ninety-nine
*IT’s 7:17Here 7:17 is read
A seven and seventeen
B seven seven
C seven one seven
D SEVEN SEVENTEEN
*The old English teacher still learns English___
A IN HIS sixty
B in his sixties
C in sixties d
D in the sixty
*Don’t worry,there is a comfortable room for us___
A on October 1,1949
B in 1949,1 October
C on October 1st,1949
D in October1,1949
* Jim was __to the meeting and I was__
A first:ninth
B the first: the ninth
C a first ;the ninth Dthe second;the nineth
*____of the workers in this factory is about five hundred___of them are women
A The number;Two-third
B A number;Two-third
C The number;Two-third
D A number;Two-thirds
*The summer holiday is coming.Three__ the student in our school will go to the beach
Ahundred B hundred of C hundreds D hundreds of
*Excuse me .could you tell me where the nearest post pffice is ?The nearest post office? You have to walk__.
A 500-metres away
B 500-metre far
C 500 metres farther
D 500-metre far
介词
1It is impossible to __those persons in trouble.A laugh to B laught with C lught of D laugh at
2Einstein,the famouse scientist,was born__- March,1892
A at
B on
C in
D to
3 You can find a way to reach your goals when you are proud__ yourself and stand tall like a sunflower. A on B from Cof
4 I’m sorry I didn’t do a good job.That’s OK.You have tried your best__
A after all Bin all C at all D first of all
5 I saw Ann __ a green dress at the school meeting.I think she looks better
-----red. A dressed;in Bput on ;wear C wearing D wear;put on
6Here are some flowers___you___our best wishes
A to;for
B for;with
C of ;to
D from;to
7 Steven AND William are keen___playing computer games A to Bwith C on D AT
8 He’s wearing a pair of sunglasses to protect his eyes__the strong sunlight.
A from
B in
C to
D with
9 She is going to get married__John on New Year’s Day. They are ___their twenties
A to;in
B with;in
C to; at
D with; at
10 Chinese climbers carried the Olympic Flame to the top of the world’d highest mountain__8th
May 2008 . A on B At C in D from
11 My cousin had an accident___ a cold winter morning. A in B at C on D for
12 Our English teacher was standing___ us so that she could hear us all clearly.
A away from
B far behind
C between
D among
13 Hurry up!,Jack! Just give me five minutes to put my desk in___
A time
B line
C prder
D shape
14 What do you often do __classes to relax yourself? Listen to music
A OVER
B amoug
C between
D through
15 Gansu lies___the wear of China and__the east of Xinjiang. A to;to B in;to C to;in D in ;on
16 The old mancaught hold___me and said,”Thank you__your help”
A of;for
B FOR; of Cof;of D for; for
17 The beautiful bottle was made___glass.But what is glass made__?
A From;of
B in;from
C of;from
D by;in
18 The English teacher came into the classroom__a book__his arm
A with:in
B in ;on
C by;in
D with; under
19 The girl ____a red skirt over there is my sister
A with
B IN
C at
D from
20 If you are busy.I’ll let Jim go to the meeting__you
A instead of
B instead for
C at;for
D in; at
21 Mom,you are wanted___the phone.Thanks. A on B by C of Dfor
22 My mother always worries____my study. A for B to C on Dabout
23 When the school building began to shake,the teachers ran downstairs___all the student.The
teachers are real heroes . A after B with C before
24 Eating too much sweets and chocolates__meals is bad for you
.A among B through C between D for
25 She looks quite young __her age. A for B of C on D at
26It is the best answer___the question
A of
B about
C for
D to
27 The policeman angrily seized the man___the collar,and asked him what he meant by such bad
bhaviour. A by Bin C with D at
28 Not only didi they plant many trees but also they took measures____tree diseases
A for
B against
C through
D to
29 We all thank ___MissZhao’s help.Thanks__her help,we have made great progress
A for ;for
B to for
C for to
30 Mr BLACK IS strongly ___keeping animals in the zoo,because he thinks animals should also
Have the right to enjoy freedom
A up
B for
C against
D down
31 ___the bad weather,we would have gone for a picnic yesterday.
A In spite of BA But for C because of D As for
1I don’t know what his interests are, because we talk ___about work when we meet
A luckily
B safely
C mainly
D clearly
2 she has two sons,__are college students .
Aboth of them B neither of whom C both of them d neither of them
3where___ the MP3? I can’t see it anywhere?I___it right here half an hour ago.But now it is gone
A did you put ;have put
B have you put;put
C do you put; putting
D have you put;have put
4 Could you tell me___?Yes ,they ____to the library A where are the twins;have been
B where the twins are;have gone
C where were the twins;have been
Dwhere the twins were;have gone
5___ take off your coat,Anna.It’s very cold today.OK
A can’t
B don’t
C You’d better
D please
6 “It’s really very kind___you to help me with the housework on Saturdays.”Said Grandma Li
A of
B with
C for
D from
7 I can hardly hear the radio.Would you please_____?
A turn it on
B turn it down
C turn it up
D turn it off
8 Is___here?No,Bob and Tom have asked for leave
A nobody
B anybody
C somebody
D everybody
9 You really don’t have the idea__I want to see Tom.It’s five years since we graduated
A how often
B how long
C how much
D how soon
10 Shall we go to the park tomorrow?___The weather report says a storm is coming.
A sure
B that’s good idea
C Godd idea
D I’m afraid we can’t
11 The baby is sleeping.Please___ the TV a little
A turn down
B turn up
C turn on
D turn off
12 Li lei and WEIHUa are too tired.They prefer staying at home to_____
A goes to the cinema
B go to the cinema
C going to the cinema
D went to the cinema
13 I used to love this film when I was young,But I __it that way any more
A don’t feel
B didn’t feel
C haven’t felt
D hadn’t felt
14 Would you please____ the old woman? Sure.Take my seat,please
A prepare a room of
B make room of
C give a room of
D take up room for
15 __ did youruncle leasve his hometown?He___for nearly ten years
A when;has left
B when has been away
C how long; has left
D how long;has been away
16 we need to___a time to have a meeting now.What about this afternoon? I’m too busy now
What about this afternoon?I’m too busy now
A put up
B fix up
C use up
D look up
17 Hello,Peter,your new flat is so nice!Thanks ,___
A don’t mention it
B my pleasure
C help yourself
D make yourself at home
18 She__to get there before seven tomorrow,so she’ll have to get up early.
A told
B has told
C will telll
D was told
19 Oh my GOD ,My computer doesn’t work again.___ must be something wrong with the CPU
A there
B it
C that
D this
20 Peter__ a job in a bank,but to our surprise,he didn’t take it
A is offered
B offered
C was offered
D has offered
21 The sports meeting won’t be put off ___it rains heard in America.
A that
B since
C as soon as
D unless
22My mother never stops going on about how I should study hard.
A So my mother does
B Nor my mother does
C Nor does my mother
D So does my
mother
23 She knows__ about the news.You can ask Peter.He can tell you the news
A everything
B nothing
C anything
D something
24 The plant needs ___,OY it will die
A water
B to water
C to be watered
D watering
25 Nobody believes Mary has read 100 books so far But in fact she___You can see the news on
the school website
A does
B has
C is
D did
26 Could you take care of my dog while I am away? ___.
A with pleasure
B It’s my pleasure
C never mind
D That’s all right
27 Today his father is feeling___ to go to work
A enough good
B well enough
C good enough
D enough well
28 The teacher asked me____.
A when does he come here
B when he comes here
C when didi he come here
D When he would come here
29 Look,she is talking loudly and laughing happily.She___ pass the final exam.No,she__.She didin’t come
To school during the exam
A must can’t
B must can
C need can’t
D should mustn’t
30 I am worried about my son.He is used__ every night.What should I do?
A to playing computer games
B for playing computer games
C to play computer games
D played computer games
31 These years more and more flowers___in our school yard
A are planting
B have been planting
C have been planted
D planted
32 The famous writer has finished his new novel.It will__next month.
A come on
B come along
C come out
D come back
33 My grandfather will arrive___Beijing___a quarter to there this afternoon
A to on
B in at
C in in
D at in
34 Can you walk quickly? There is no time left?Sorry,I can ____move.I’m too tired
A hardly
B almost
C nearly
D never
35 A ccording to the plan, a modern library___ in front of the lake next year
A will be built
B was built
C has built
D will built
36 My parent and I have lived in the city___2000
A since
B for
C until
D after
37 How many boys are there in your class? Thirty.They are___ from villages
A most
B mostly
C almost
D at most
38 where is your father?Sorry,I don’t know.But he___an article when I left
A was writing
B worte
C has written
D had written
39 Mum told her son that he should come back early,But___didn’t help.
A she
B it Cwhich D he
情态动词
1If the traffic light is red,you___cross the road.It’s dangerous.
A don’t
B needn’t
C mustn’t
D wouldn’t
2 May I watch TV for a while?No,you____.You have to finish your homework first
A shouldn’t
B needn’t
C mustn’t
D won’t
3 You__play with the knife,or you____ hurt yourself
A may not ;ay
B can’t need
C needn’t must
D mustn’t may
4 May I take this book out of the reading room?___.Please read it here.
A Certainly
B No,you needn’t
C No,you mustn’t
D Yes,you can
5 This is just between you and me.You____tell anyone about this.
A mustn’t
B can
C should
D have not no
6 Ann,you needn’t wash your shoes now,you___ do it this afternoon if you are busy.
A may
B won’t
C should
D must
7 Could I use you bike? Yes ,OF COURSE YOU_____Here is the key
A could
B can
C will
D might
8 I ___not go to his party if I am not invited
9 Mr Li has been here for about ten years.Go and ask him.He ____know how to go to the hospital
A can
B need
C dare
D may
10 Come here.It’s dangerous to play football on the road,You___do that again
A can’t
B shouldn’t
C musn’t
D wouldn’t
11 You ___about the time.It’s enough time for us to do it.
A needn’t worry
B needn’t to worry
C don’t need worry
D needn’t be worry
12 Where’s James? He___ in his office.I saw him at the bank 30 minutes ago
A must
B may
C can’t
D needn’t
13 Must I park my car behind the building?No you___.You___park it here
A wouldn’t ;may
B may not;must
C don’t have to;may
D shouldn’t ;must
14 You___read whenthe car is moving,Karen.It’s bad for your eyes.
A couldn’t
B mustn’t
C may not
D needn’t
15 Tom,you____ pick flowers in the park Sorry,I ___ do that again
A needn’t;won’t
B mustn’t;won’t
C can;can’t
D may;won’t
动词和动词短语
1How long could I____ your English Chinese dictionary?Only one day ,please
A keep
B borrow
C lend
D get
2 Attention, please.The light has to be ____because of the heavy rain.
A put on
B put off
C put away
D put up
3 Look at the sun! It’s too hot today.Yes ,Why not ___your coat?
A take off
B TAKE AW AY
C take out
D take up
4 The teacher asked the student to ___a story about a trip to the moon
A get up
B turn up
C clean up
D make up
5 How long have you____? Since 1990
A bought the MP3
B joined the army
C become a midfield
D lived in the town
6 It’s raining,Daisy.Please___anumbrella with you.Thanks.I’ll return it to you when I __next week
A take;come
B take;will come
C bring;come
D bring;will come
7 The young man used to___to work,but he is used to___to work now
A drive;walking
B drove,walked
C drive;walks
D driving;walk
8 Don’t try to___ anything from me,Mary. I know nothing about it,mum! I WAS SLEEPING AT THAT TIME!
A hear
B cheat
C get
D hide
9 I’ve___all the phones in the drawer.but I still can’t find the one you need
A opened up
B given away
C handed out
D looked through
10 How much money did you__in fixing your watch?A bout 10 yuan
A cost
B PAY
C spend
11 It ___me fifteen minutes to go to school by bus every day
A spends
B pays
C takes
12 A fter a long journey ,the eight pandas from Wolong safely_____in Beijing
A arrived
B reached
C got
D came
13 Let’s plan a surprise for our class.Waht’s your idea?WHY not___a short play?
A GET ON
B keep on
C have on
D put on
14 Have you heard of the story of Holi?It__like this;there was a bad king who….
A tells
B comes
C goes
D says
15 ____those lights,please .Don’t use so much energy
A take off
B put on
C turn off
D turn on
16 Could you tell me what time the train leaves HeFei for BeiJing? I’m afaid you need to___on the
Internet A look for it B look at it C look it over D look it up
17 Rembmber___TV before you leave home OK I will
A to turn on
B turn up
C turning
D to turn off
18 would you please___the tvI can hardly hear what it is saying
A turn on
B turn down
C turn up
D turn off
19 I’m sorry to ___you waiting for so long
A let
B have
C keep
D make
20 Mary ,amy I USE YOUR dictionary? I ___mine at home .Certainly.Here you are
A forget
B left
C lost
D remembered
21 When my little sister comes back from school,she always___her clothes and throws them on the floor
A takes off
B tries on
C puts on
D takes away
22 I have already ___this school for about ten years.
A come to
B arrived at
C taught in
D left
23 What are you doing?
I am ___who has taken my clothes by mistake.
24 Oh .my god, the clock doesn’t work. Wake up quickly.IT’S time to__-.WE’LL be late for the train
A get up
B get up
C get away
D get back
25 This shirt___ cotton,.it ____ very comfortable
A is made in: feels
B is made of;feels
C is made from;is felt
D made ;felt
26 The car___ and stopped at the red traffic light
A got on
B got off
C slowed down
D picked up
27 Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to ___there are no mistakes
A look for
B make sure
C find out
D think about
28 Mr Smith has decided to __his bad habit of smoking/That’s good news .I hope he can do it
A set up
B clean up
C give up
D save up
29 I’M afraid no one will agree __you. I don’t think it____
A with mind
B with matters
C on works
D in troubles
30 The students in our school must___our school Art Festival now
A get along with
B get rid of
C get tired of
D get ready for
31 we hope you can__-a better idea to solve the pollution problem
A look out
B come up with
C get along with
D catch up with
32 IT’S getting warmer and warmer.The flowers start to_____
A come in
B come over
C come out
D come on
33 They will___Guangzhou tonigh
A arrive
B get
C reach
D go
34 Duing the WORLD Cup ,some people____ all night to watch the game
A wake up
B get up
C stay up
D make up
35 Where can we get a football? Let’s_____
A lend Jim one
B lend one to Jim
C borrow one from Jim
D borrow one of Jim
36 Again and again the doctor____ the crying girl,but he couldn’t find out what was wrong with her
A looked over
B LOOKED AFTER
C looked for
D looked out
非谓语动词
1 The global financial crisis has made many people ___their money
A to care for
B took care of
C be careful with
D bo be cared about
2 when we practice speaking English,we often end up___in Chinese
A to speak
B speaking
C spoke
D speak
3 Y ou’d better___too much time playing computer games
A don’t spend
B NOT TO SPEND
C to not spend
D not spend
4 she asked me__the teacher her secret. A not to tell B don’t tell C not tell
5 Would you please tell me___ next? Think it over .You’ll find a good way.
A when to do
B how to do
C what to do
D where to do
6 M ary was looking forward to____to Kate’s birthday party.
A inviting
B being invited
C invite
D be invited
7 Is there anything you want me to get on the bus? Sure,____ take the suitcase
A do you mind
B How about
C Had you better to
D Why don’t you
8 Yesterday afternoon our monitor was made ___the classroom by himself.
A cleaning
B to clean
C cleaned
D clean
9 When her mother___back,the little girl stopped ___and laughed
A comes ;to crying
B came ;to cry
C comes;crying
D came;crying
10 After working so hard,we’d better stop____a rest for a moment
A having
B have
C to having
D to have
11 You are very young.___ is bad for your health
A for smoke
B have
C to having
D to have
12 we are not sure ___.Please ask our teacher
A when to leave
B when leave
C when leaves
D when leaving
13 Would you please___turn on the TV?The baby is sleeping now
A not to
B not
C don’t
D having looked
14 ` Don’t leave the water___while you wash your clothes
A run
B running
C being run
D won’t
15 Her hope___a new bike for her birthday
A to buy
B is to buy
C buying
D will buy
16 our house needs___before the eainy season arrives
A to repair
B to be repair
C repaired
D repairing
17 The teacher asked us ___spended the holidays
A when
B when to
C When did we
D when we did
18 The next train____is from Washington
A to arrive
B to play
C play
D played
19 I didn’t hear anyone____anything about it
A saying
B say
C to say
D to saying
20 last year I often saw some people ___the snow in the street
A to sweep
B swept
C sweep Dsweeps
21 Tony often makes his sister___ ,but this time he was made ___by his sister.
A cry ;cry
B crying;crying
C to cry ;cry
D cry: to cry
22 My mother often tells me___ to MP3 while I am doing my Homework.
A to listen
B not listen
C not to listen
D listening
23 The woman made her son___finally after she told him some jokes
A laughed
B to laugh
C laugh
D laughing
24 Would you mind__the dictionary on the floor for me?I have no hands no hands for it.
Of course not. A putting up B to put up C picking up D to piak up
25 We spend as much time as we can___Engliash
A read
B to read
C reading
D have read
26 His father came to the city last year,but he isn’t used__in the city.
A to live
B to living
C lived
D living
27 would you mind__me how to remember English words?
A t ell
B to tell
C teling
D told
28 I’m afraid I can’t finish ___the report this week. Don’t worry ,I’ll give you a hand
A to write
B write
C writing
D wrote
29 THE old woman walked along the river slowly ,____about something
A thinking
B thought
C thinks
30 Something is wrong with my computer .I’LL have it___ tomorrow.
A repair
B to repair
C repaired
D repairs
31 Working hard ___success, so your dreams can come true
A bring
B brings
C to bring
D bringing
主谓一致
1改错The divided by two are five.
2Not only she but also I are doing morning exercises now.
3Everyone except Tom and John -----(be) there when the meeting began .
4The whole class ----(be) greatly moved at his words .
5The Chinese badminton team ---(be) playing perfectly.
6Fifty yuan ----- paid to Mr Green last week.上周付给GREEEN先生50元。
7The Blacks ---- Watching TV at that time last night .Black 夫妇昨晚那个时候正在看电视。
8The new bridge in Wenchuan_____last month.Now It’s easy to go the city center
A built
B was built
C has been built
D were built
9 Are you going to the picnic with us tonight? Yes. You won’t be late____?
10 Why are you in such a hurry,Mike?
There___an NBA basketball game in ten minutes
A will have
B will be
C is going to have
D are going to be
11 I think the twelfth and last lesson____quite difficult
A is
B was
C is
D are
12 Two weeks____quite a short time.Yes. WE must do it at once
A were
B was
C is
D are
13 Either you or he__goning to attend the meeting. A are B is C be D am
14 The doctor and professor ___from Shanghai A is B are C has D have
15 Neither my father no I ____ a middle school teacher
A are
B is
C be
D am
16 Nobody but my friends __English songs every evening there
A sing
B sings
C have sung
D sang
17 A ll over the country the old___
A takes good cares of
B are taken good care of
C is taken good care of
D are been taken good care of
18 More than one student___late for school today
A was
B were
C had
D have
19 Two thirds of the water here____polluted
A are
B is
C has
D have
20 More than two weeks___ since the foreign foreign friends came here
A passed
B has passed
C have passed
21 In 1850, about a third of US ___covered by forests
A were
B has been
C /
D was
22 Each man and each woman ____ asked to help when the fire broke out
A is
B was
C are
D were
23 Many a professor___ looking forward to visiting Germany now .Many scientists__studied animals
And plants in the last two years
A is ;have
B is ;has
C are; have
D is; are
24 The concert will begin soon.so Rose___ the other performers___busy getting everything ready
A as well as
B as well as
C with are
33 Not only he but also we ___right,that is to say,he as well as we___right
A are are
B is is
C are is
D is are
34 The factory ,including its machines and buildings,____burnt last night
A is
B are
C were
D was
35 Nieither he nor I __from Japan ,that is to say,neither of us___Japanese
A am are
B are is
C am is
D are
36 The film that__me a lot recently is Journey to the Centre of the Earth
Yes,it’s very also__to our students
A attract attraction
B attracts attractive
C attracted attracted
37 The whole family___enjoying the beautiful music now
A is all
B all is
C all are
D are all
38 A knife and fork___on the plate
A has Bhave C is D were
连词和状语从句
1Remember to teturn the book to the school library on time,___you will be fined
A or
B and
C but
D then
2 May I surf the Internet now? No,___you have finished doing the dishes.
A unless
B if
C beacuses
D when
3 The question is ____ that nobody can answer it
A very hard
B too difficult
C strange
D so strange
4 I hear__ your grandpa___your grandma like watching Min Opera.Right,just as many old people do in
Fuzhou. A both and Beither or C neither nor D not only but also
5Relax!___you finish this English exam,you’ll be free and feel on top of the world.You can make it if you put your heart into it!
A As well as
B as soon as
C as good as
6 ___they may not succeed ,they will try their best
A though
B when
C because
D unless
7 ___Tom ___Mary speaks god Chinese ,so they can commiunicate with these Chinese students
very well. A neither nor B not only but also C both and D either or
8 If people ___cutting down the forest,they will have nowhere___
A keep; to live in
B will keep; to live in
C keep to live
D will keep to live
9 You’d better look up the new word in a dictionary__you don’t know it?
A if
B that
C though
D whether
10 She will write to you as soon as she __to Guangzhou
A got
B Once
C If
D although
11 Little Helen is very young,__she knows a lot of things A but B as soon as C so D since
12 Don’t laugh at her she is ___any of the others in your class
A as clever a student as
B as a clever student as
C so clever a student as
D so a clever student
like
13It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life____we’ve actually had that lesson
A when
B after
C since
D until
14 I can understand this passage____there are many new words in it
A if
B because
C though
D and
15____you stay at home,why not do some washing?
A whether Bsince C if D Even if
16 ____ I know,this book will be use as a textbook. A So far as B As long as C Once D Befor 17I’ll leave him a note____He’llknow we won’ tcome back until 11:00 this night
A in case
B on order to
C after
D so that
18Would you please come to my birthday party tomorrow evening?I’ll like to,___I have to help my partent with the housework A and B so C as D but
19 He __his parent have some tickets for the film. A but B or C either D neither
20____ you ____I am on duty. A both;and B So;that C neither;or D either or
21 ____time went on,my little sister made great progress.
A with
B since
C while
D as
22 ____ I live there are plenty of trees
A when
B if
C because
D where
23 Mr John has worked in that small town___he left a big city in 2008
A when
B after
C for
D since
24 Someone called me up in the middle of the night,but they hung up ___I could answered the phone.
A as
B since
C until
D befor
25 Nearly two weeks passed___I received my father’s letter.
A before
B while
C until
D as soon as
26 Nancy enjoyed herself so much___she visited her friends in Sydney last year.
A that
B which
C when
D where
27 The train had left the station___I got there.
A as soon as
B by the time
C since
D after
28 He met many problems___he was going over his lessons
A before
B as soon as
C since
D while
29 The suie ___so much__he didn’t buy it
A cost for
B costa that
C cost that
D costs for
30 ___there were only five soldiers left at the front___they went on fighting
A because so
B If and
C though but
D though /
31 You can go out,___you promise to be back before ten
A in order that
B even if
C as long as
D whenever
32 ____you begin,I think you must continue
A when
B whenever
C Once
D Even if
定语从句和名词性从句
1 Do you know___ in Australia?Yes.In May,2009
A when Ben got his job
B when will Ben get his job Cwhen did Ben get his job D when Ben will get his job
2 Can you tell me___?By doing more speaking
A how I will improve my English
B which way can I choose
C how do I deal with my English
D what’s wrong with my English
3 I really want to know____
A what is wrong with my brother
B how will he go to Beijing tomorrow
C if had he bought that car
D where did he go yerterday
4 The new –designed car is on show now.I wonder___
A how much it cost
B how much did it cost
C how much it costs
D how much does it cost
5 Everyone can play an important role in the society.As members,we should try our best to
do____
A what we should do
B what should we do
C how we should do
6 Do you know__the MP4 yeaterday?
Sorry,I’ve no idea about it.
A how much didhe pay for
B how much he paid for
C he paid for how much
D he paid how much for
7 No one can be sure___in a million years.
A what man looks like
B what will man look like
C what man looked like
D what man will look like
8 Excuse me ,could you tell me__?Sorry SIR. I wasn’t there at that t ime
A how didi the accident happen
B how the accident happened
C how does the accident happen
D how the accident happens
9 I really hope to keep in touch with LiLy Sorry.I don’t know___
A what her name is
B what her job is
C what her mumber is
D when she left
10 Disney is an amusement park____you can find all the normal attractions and Disney
movies and characters
A which
B where
C that
D who
11 I don’t know the teacher___ is talking with Miss Wang.
A what
B whom
C which
D who
12 The young lady__we met yesterday is our new math teacher.
A WHAT
B whose
C who
D which
13 China is a great country with 56 peoples,____ is the Han
A the largest population of it
B the most population of it
C the most population of them
D the largest population of with
14 Why did Miss Wang look so worried when we saw her?
Because she wondered_____
A where did the other students go
B when would the policeman come
C what her students have done during the trip
D if her students had survived the earthquake
15 The plane hasn’t arrived yet.Could you tell me___?
A why the plane is late
B how is the plane late
C when will the plane arrive
D that the plane arrives
16 You are growing so fast,Can you tell me___now?
A how fast are you
B how fast you are
C how tall are you
D how tall you are
17 I’d like to buy a new computer,BUT I don’t ? know___
A where could they buy it
B where can I get it
C I should choose which
D which I should choose
18 what did you father say? He asked us_____
A that we mended the recorder
B what to mend the recorder
C where did we mend the recorder
D how to mend the recorder
19 Is this the room___I can live?we will never forget the day__we spent the weekend together
A when
B that
C which
D what
20 I LOVE the village__ the people are really friendly A that B which C where D who
21 No body knows__
A what it will happen tomorrow
B what doesit happen tomorrow
C what will happen topmorrow
D it will happen what tomorrow
22 Do you know ___?Our teacher is looking for him
A where he has gone
B where has he gone
C where he has been
D where has he been
23 Coule you tell me___-Sorry,I have no idea.Please ask Bob.He is his best friend
A when was he born
B when did he go
C when was he born
D when didi he come
24 Do you think___an English party on Friday evening?
A is there
B there is going to be
C there is going to have
D will there be
25 ____we have heard is different from_______. A that; we are B what; what we see
C that;what we have seen
D what;we have seen
26 Do you know ___now?
A where is the trouble
B what wrong he live
C where he lived
D where did he live\
27 Mary found her bike ___ she lost a week ago A who B where C what D which
28 Scientists have made a new computer program___allows the computer to cry out for help if
someone has stolen it .A who B which C what D when
29 They talked of the things and people____ they remembered A who B when C whose
D who
30 This story talks about a kiong,___is a long way from the railway station
A that
B which
C where
D when
31 He will remembers the days___he spent with your family A when B where Cthat D on
which
32 He got to the village____ his family once lived before liberation
A that
B which
C when
D where
33 In the dark street,there was not a single person____she could turn for help
A that
B who
C from whom
D to whom
34 He is the student____ we want to talk
A about who
B to whom
C that
D whom
35 I gave him a warning,____ he turned a deaf ear
A of which
B for which
C to that
D to which
36 On the way I saw a student___ I thought was your brother
A whom
B who
C one
D he\
37 Why didn’t you vote for Jim as the chairperson of the Students’ Union?
Because I DIDN’T KNOW___
A WHAT USED HE TO DO for the students’ Union
B whether he could organize all kinds of activities
C WHEN didi he get the best Youth Awards
D how long he has been in the Students’Union
38 The foreigners asked me ___I could speak English
A what
B if
C that
39 I WONDER __you go to school on foot on all kinds of weather
A that
B whether
C how
D what
特殊句式
1 Attention,please.There___a football game between China and Korea this Evening\
A is going tobe
B has been
C has
D will have
2 ___will be a basketball game tomorrow.
A there
B that
C it
3 He’s fed the dog and the cat,___? A doesn’t he B isn’t he C wasn’t he D hasn’t he
4 You have seen the film t he Dead reading, haven’t you ____How I wish to see it again!
A No ,what a pity
B No,I HAVEN’T
C Y es ,I like it
D Yes,IT’S boring
5 Only in this way__-to improve your spoken English.
A you can hope
B you did hope
C can you hope
D did you hope
6Will all of us join the English party?No,___only five of us who will
A there is
B it will
C there are
D it is
7 Mrs Smith works very hard,and____
A so it is her husand
B so does her huband
C so is her husband
D so her husband does
8 Here___.Please go and ask him when we will discus the problem
A the headmaster comes
B comes the headmaster
C comes a headmaster
D is coming a headmaater
9 I like__in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright
A this
B that
C it
D ONE
10 It was not until he got home___Jim found that he lost his mobile phone.
A that
B where
C it
D ONE
11 Don’t eat in the meeting-room,___?
A do you
B will you
C can you
D could you
12 I DON’T think he can drive a car____?
A do you
B can be
C can’t be
D don’t you
13 Mary’s mother often tells her that she should keep her room tidy,but___doesn’t help
A he
B which
C she
D it
14 It’s hardly rained for ten months in the area,___?
A didn’t it
B isn’t it
C hasn’t
D has it
15 ____usual,I forgoteen something. A as B As it is C It’s D That is
16 ____piece of good advice you have given me!I’m glad to hear that.
A what
B how
C what a
D how a
17____we had making snowmen last S unday!
A what a great fun
B what great fun
C H OW a great fun
D How great fun
18____important advice our English teacher has given us!
A what
B what a
C what an
D How
词义辨析与习惯搭配
1 LinLin often practices English__chating with her Ameician Friend.
A in
B by
C for
D with
2 Let’s get some___about tourism on the Internet.
A information
B message
C invention
3 The school days are busy enough,yet the Taylors tey hard to fit as much as possible____their kids’
lives. A in B into C on D at
4 Will his new novel ___in September this year?Yes,we are all looking forward to it
A come over
B come back
C come out
D come from
5 When did China___Shen zhouVII,do you remrember?
IN September,2008.The astronaut Zhai ZHigang took the Chinese first s qacewalk.
A SEND UP
B send out
C put up
D put out
6 Why do you get up so early in the morning, Tarey?
I generally make it a _____ to be up by 7 to read English
A plan
B wish
C secret
D rule
7 I thought you had___English .No,It has been useful in my work.
A studied
B dropped
C failed
D passed
8 The scientists have____the way to deal with the H1N1
A catch up with
B come up with
C keep up with
D make up
9 Don’t tell__-- of the Browns.It’s not good for their health
A neither
B all
C either
D every
10 The weather is going to _____cold when winter comes
A go
B get
C turn
D become
11Who studies English better,your sisiter or your friend? I think my sister better just__mu friend
A as well as
B as good as
C as better as
D more badly than
12 I can’t get throught the gate because your car is ___-
A IN THE WAY
B by the way
C on the way
D with the way
13 where is your school? It’s __the park
A in the front of
B in the front
C in fornt
D in front of
14 As a doctor,he __angry with his patients
A tires to be not
B not tries to be
C tries to not be
D teies not to be
15How about this hotel?Not very good.I can’t stand the__outside.It’s close to the street
A sound
B voice
C noise
D shout
1三长一短就选短,三短一长就选长。两长两短就选B,参差不齐C 无敌。2 以蒙为主以抄为辅 蒙抄结合保证及格 正文: 蒙选择题方法。20道题至少能对15道。 由于我的英文不是很好,所以我苦心钻研蒙技。我发现了很多关于选择题的规律,十分好用。在开学考试时,总共有20道选择题,我蒙对19道(我们班的英语神童沈宜人错了两道题。沈宜人同学据说背了两万单词,可以轻易读懂原版《简爱》)。 也就是说,这个蒙题技术有时远远高过自己本身水平。 这个蒙,总共有三点技巧。 一、找共同点。 比如说有一道题的选项有四个: A.study B.to study C.learning D.to read 可以看出,其中的study有两个;其中的不定式也有两个。所以两个显著特点集于一身的to study的选择可能性就十分的大。 二、找矛盾点(适用于单选)。 比如一道题问: 下列关于密度的说法中,错误的是: 其中,有两个这样的选项:
B.质量相同,体积大的物体密度小。 D.质量相同,体积大的物体密度大。 这就可以看出,一定其中有一个是错误的——唉,你别笑!有很多的题中,都会有矛盾的地方。只要找出矛盾,再蒙的几率就大多了。 三、培养“蒙感” 这个所谓“蒙感”,就是这蒙题的感觉。因为不可能一面卷子上你一道题也不会做(当然也有例外),你也有很大可能有不会做的题。这时,就要看蒙题的感觉了。所有考试的人都知道,选择题中选择B、C选项的占绝大多数。所以遇到不会的题,就往B、C上靠,几率会大一点。 还有,如果你有很多题不会——比如说五道题里你有三道不会,那就要看你平时做题的感觉了。下面有一些选项,我感觉大多数时,选项会和以下相同,大家看一看: A: AAABC AACBB AABBC ABAAC ABACA ABDDC ACABC ACBBC ACABD ADACC ADCAA ADBAD B: BACBB BACCA BABDC BBBCC BBACA BBABC(有时也会是BBBBD BBBBB) BCBBA BCABC BCDAA BDACC BDDAC BDCAD
1. 举例说明应怎样归纳音位 音位是从具体语言或方言中归纳出来的。归纳的时候首先要考虑具体语言或方言中不同音素之间的相互关系。与音位归纳有关的关系主要有两种,一是"对立关系",一是"互补关系"。在弄清这些关系后,就可以依据下列原则进行音位归纳: 1、对立原则:音素间的对立关系是指不同的音素可以出现在相同的语音环境里,它们的差别能够区别语素或词的意义。判定对立关系的方法是找到一个语音环境,然后用替换的方法进行测试。例如英语存在"[__in]"这样一个语音环境,如果分别用[p]、[b]、[t]、[d]等音素填充替换,可以得到pin(别针)、bin(仓)、tin(罐头)din (喧闹声)等不同词的不同语音形式,这说明[p]、[b]、[t]、[d]等音素能够区别意义,处于对立关系中。汉语普通话的[p][p'][t][t'][k][k']等同理也有对立关系。处在对立关系之中的若干音素都具有辨义功能,因而一定分属于不同的音位。需要注意的是,在进行替换测试时,若干音素的互相替换应该在音节的同一层次的同一位置上进行,例如在汉语普通话[__i]环境下,[t]、[n]和[l]互相替换是成立的,因为它们都处于同一层次的声母位置上。而虽然有[ai]和[li]两个形式,但是[a]和[i]不处于同一层次上,[a]处于韵腹位置,[i]处于声母位置,因此,我们不能认为[a]和[i]有替换关系。 2、互补原则:互补关系是指几个不同的音素各有自己的出现环境,它们从不在相同的语音环境中出现和互相替换。处在互补关系之中的几个音素不可能出现在相同的语音环境里,因而不能起区别意义的作用,我们就有可能把它们归并为一个音位,使它们成为这个音位的几个条件变体。例如汉语普通话[P][a][A][§]四个音素出现的语音环境是各不相同的: 在正常情况下,出现[P]的地方不会出现其他三个元音,[a]、[A]和[§]的情况也是如此。这四个元音音素的出现环境互相补充,不会有对立现象。因此我们有可能把它们归入同一个/a/,让它们成为/a/的四个条件变体。 3、语音相似原则:处于互补关系之中的若干音素,只有在语音相似的条件下才可以归并为一个音位。如果语音上相差太远,听起来完全是不同的音,那么几个音素即使是互补的,也不能归并为一个音位。例如汉语普通话的[k]和[D]也是互补的,[k]只出现在音节的开头,[D]只出现在音节的末尾,但这两个辅音的音质差别太大,所以它们分属于不同的音位。所谓"语音相似"是指说某种语言的那个语言社团的人们感觉若干个音素相似,例如英语里的[p]和[p'],虽然在汉族人听来这两个音差别很大,但英美人听起来却觉得相似。而汉语普通话[P][a][A][§]四个音素在说普通话的人看来,语音很相似,可以依据互补原则和语音相似原则可以归并为一个音位/a/。 补充:这个比较详细了,你可以再自己归纳一下,或参考《语言学纲要》
音素、音位、音位变 体的区别
音素:(phone) 1、语音中最小的单位。是从音色的角度划分出来的最小的语音单位。 2、在语音学与音韵学中,音素一词所指的是说话时所发出的声音。音素是具体存在的物理现象。国际音标的音标符号与全人类语言的音素具有一一对应。 3、英语共有48个音素,其中元音20个,辅音28个。英语辅音和元音在语言中的作用,就相当于汉语中的声母和韵母。记录英语音素的符号叫做音标。 音位:(Phoneme) 1、一个语言系统中能够区分词义的最小的语言单位,也就是按语音的辨义作用归纳出来的音类,是从语言的社会属性划分出来的语言单位。 2、是语言中能表示语义的单位。 3、音位及其归纳方法 1)具有相同的表义作用一样的一组音素,可归纳成同一个音位。它有如下特点:第一,音位总是属于一定的语言,脱离具体的语言,音位无从谈起。第二,属于同一个音位的各个音,不能区别意义,不同音位的各个音,能够区别意义。第三,音位必须是最小的单位。例如,汉语的声母和单韵母可以看作音位,复韵母和鼻韵母就不能看作音位。 2)音位的种类:可大别为两类:一是音质音位,由音素构成;二是非音质音位,由声调等构成的叫非音质音位。音质音位有元音音位共十个(音元音韵母);辅音音位有22个,其中21个作声母,1个专作韵尾。非音质音位有四个声调音位,简称调位。音位用平行斜线中加国际音标字母表示。 音位变体:(Allophones) 1、同属于一个音位的不同音素叫做“音位变体” 2、音位变体可分为“条件变体”和“自由变体”两种。1)条件变体,指需要一定的语言条件才会出现的音位变体,又叫“必然变体”。2)自由变体,指没有环境限制,可以自由替换而不影响意义的音位变体,又叫“习惯变体”。 3、音位变体就是同一个音位的不同的变异形式,是音位在特定语音环境中的具体体现或具体代表。如英语中的,leap /li:p/ 与feel /fi:l/ 中的两个不同的/l/,就是音位/l/的两个不同变体。 音位与音素的区别:1、划分角度不同。音素是从人类语音的音质上着眼划分出来的最小语音单位,两个音若音质不同,就是两个不同的音素。2、划分范围不同。音素是从人类的语言所能用到的全部语音里划分出来的最小语音单位,而音位则是在某种特定的语言或方言的语音系统里划分出来的最小语音单位。 音位与音位变体的区别:1、音位和音位变体的关系,是一般与个别的关系。2、音位是一个总的名称,而一个具体的音位,总是要通过不同的变体体现出来。比如一个音位有四个变体,这个音位在不同场合总是表现为其中某一个具体的音位。音位本身是抽象的。
英语蒙题技巧 口诀 1、三长一短就选短,三短一长就选长。两长两短就选b,参差不齐c无敌。 2、以蒙为主,以抄为辅,蒙抄结合,保证及格。 蒙选择题方法。20道题至少能对15道。 由于我的英文不是很好,所以我苦心钻研蒙技。我发现了很多关于选择题的规律,十分好用。在开学考试时,总共有20道选择题,我蒙对19道(我们班的英语神童沈宜人错了两道题。沈宜人同学据说背了两万单词,可以轻易读懂原版《简爱》)。 也就是说,这个蒙题技术有时远远高过自己本身水平。 方法 一、找共同点。 比如说有一道题的选项有四个: a.study b.tostudy c.learning d.toread 可以看出,其中的study有两个;其中的不定式也有两个。所以两个显著特点集于一身的tostudy的选择可能性就十分的大。 二、找矛盾点(适用于单选)。 比如一道题问: 下列关于密度的说法中,错误的是: 其中,有两个这样的选项: b.质量相同,体积大的物体密度小。 d.质量相同,体积大的物体密度大。 这就可以看出,一定其中有一个是错误的——唉,你别笑!有很多的题中,都会有矛盾的地方。只要找出矛盾,再蒙的几率就大多了。
三、培养“蒙感” 这个所谓“蒙感”,就是这蒙题的感觉。因为不可能一面卷子上你一道题也不会做(当然也有例外),你也有很大可能有不会做的题。这时,就要看蒙题的感觉了。所有考试的人都知道,选择题中选择b、c选项的占绝大多数。所以遇到不会的题,就往b、c上靠,几率会大一点。 还有,如果你有很多题不会——比如说五道题里你有三道不会,那就要看你平时做题的感觉了。下面有一些选项,我感觉大多数时,选项会和以下相同 英语考试蒙题技巧听语音 如果答案跟顺序有关联,就选这个。比如,第2个答案是bachelor,因为b是字母顺序里的第2个,所以就选这个。同理,第4个答案是department,就选这个。命中率还是比较高的。当然要在排除了其他你认为不可能的答案之后再这样选。 还有一种方法是全都选a,或者b等等。这是在你对所有问题都不懂的情况下才这样。还有就是,如果你发现已经有连续4道题都选a了,那你就考虑一下里面很可能有一个选错了,而这很可能是你最拿不准的那个。 答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。 这些语气词有:must,always,never,themost,all,only,haveto,any,no,verycompletely,hardly等。 选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。 这些语气词有:can,could,may,should,usually,might,most,moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,possible,whetheror,notnecessarily等。 选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项,而同义替换的一般是选项 选项中表达意义较具体的、肤浅的一般不是答案项,而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。 选项中较符合常识的,易明白的一般不是选项;而似乎不太合理,一时较难理解的往往是正确选项。
先来口诀: 1 三长一短就选短,三短一长就选长。两长两短就选 B ,参差不齐 C 无敌。 2 以蒙为主以抄为辅 蒙抄结合保证及格 正文: 蒙选择题方法。 20 道题至少能对 15 道。 由于我的英文不是很好,所以我苦心钻研蒙技。我发现了很多关于选择题的规律,十分好用。在开学考试时,总共有 20 道选择题,我蒙对 19 道(我们班的英语神 童沈宜人错了两道题。沈宜人同学据说背了两万单词,可以轻易读懂原版《简爱》)。 也就是说,这个蒙题技术有时远远高过自己本身水平。 这个蒙,总共有三点技巧。 一、找共同点。 比如说有一道题的选项有四个: A.study B.to study C.learning D.to read 可以看出,其中的 study 有两个;其中的不定式也有两个。所以两个显著特点集 于一身的 to study 的选择可能性就十分的大。 二、找矛盾点(适用于单选)。 比如一道题问: 下列关于密度的说法中,错误的是: 其中,有两个这样的选项: B. 质量相同,体积大的物体密度小。 D. 质量相同,体积大的物体密度大。 这就可以看出,一定其中有一个是错误的——唉,你别笑!有很多的题中,都会有矛盾的地方。只要找出矛盾,再蒙的几率就大多了。 三、培养“蒙感” 这个所谓“蒙感”,就是这蒙题的感觉。因为不可能一面卷子上你一道题也不会做(当然也有例外),你也有很大可能有不会做的题。这时,就要看蒙题的感觉了。所有考试的人都知道,选择题中选择 B 、 C 选项的占绝大多数。所以遇到不会的题,就往 B 、 C 上靠,几率会大一点。
还有,如果你有很多题不会——比如说五道题里你有三道不会,那就要看你平时做题的感觉了。下面有一些选项,我感觉大多数时,选项会和以下相同,大家看一看: A: AAABC AACBB AABBC ABAAC ABACA ABDDC ACABC ACBBC ACABD ADACC ADCAA ADBAD B: BACBB BACCA BABDC BBBCC BBACA BBABC( 有时也会是 BBBBD BBBBB) BCBBA BCABC BCDAA BDACC BDDAC BDCAD C: CABBC CABCD CACBD CBACB CBAAC CBBBC CCABC CCBAD CCDBC CDABC CDABD CDBAC D: DABBC DACBB DBCCA DBAAC DBCAC DBBBC DCABB DCBBA DCABD DDACC DDBCA DDACB 这个蒙感是要靠自己的第六感,千万不要背我的“数字”。其一是因为它也不怎么准。其二是因为,有背这个的时间,不如好好复习。 我写这个的主要原因是想让一部分学习不太好的同学有一些自信;遇到不会题的 同学有机会得到更高的分数从而达到自己的目标。不要过分依赖这个蒙题技巧。而且这个蒙题技巧也并不是很完善,还有很多地方需要改进(毕竟我也不是成天到晚研究它的)。 1 、单选: none no nothing nobody 选 none , anthing nothing ……选 nothing 非谓语选 ed 或 ing
英语蒙题技巧 先来口诀:1三长一短就选短,三短一长就选长。两长两短就选B,参差不齐C无敌。2 以蒙为主以抄为辅 蒙抄结合保证及格 正文: 蒙选择题方法。20道题至少能对15道。 因为我的英文不是很好,所以我苦心钻研蒙技。我发现了很多关于选择题的规律,十分好用。在开学考试时,总共有20道选择题,我蒙对19道(我们班的英语神童沈宜人错了两道题。沈宜人同学据说背了两万单词,能够轻易读懂原版《简爱》)。 也就是说,这个蒙题技术有时远远高过自己本身水平。 这个蒙,总共有三点技巧。 一、找共同点。 比如说有一道题的选项有四个: A.study B.to study C.learning D.to read 能够看出,其中的study有两个;其中的不定式也有两个。所以两个显著特点集于一身的to study的选择可能性就十分的大。 二、找矛盾点(适用于单选)。 比如一道题问: 下列关于密度的说法中,错误的是: 其中,有两个这样的选项: B.质量相同,体积大的物体密度小。
D.质量相同,体积大的物体密度大。 这就能够看出,一定其中有一个是错误的——唉,你别笑!有很 多的题中,都会有矛盾的地方。只要找出矛盾,再蒙的几率就大多了。 三、培养“蒙感” 这个所谓“蒙感”,就是这蒙题的感觉。因为不可能一面卷子上 你一道题也不会做(当然也有例外),你也有很大可能有不会做的题。这时,就要看蒙题的感觉了。所有考试的人都知道,选择题中选择B、 C选项的占绝绝大部分。所以遇到不会的题,就往B、C上靠,几率会 大一点。 还有,如果你有很多题不会——比如说五道题里你有三道不会, 那就要看你平时做题的感觉了。下面有一些选项,我感觉绝大部分时,选项会和以下相同,大家看一看: A: AAABC AACBB AABBC ABAAC ABACA ABDDC ACABC ACBBC ACABD ADACC ADCAA ADBAD B: BACBB BACCA BABDC BBBCC BBACA BBABC(有时也会是BBBBD BBBBB) BCBBA BCABC BCDAA BDACC BDDAC BDCAD C: CABBC CABCD CACBD CBACB CBAAC CBBBC CCABC CCBAD CCDBC
英语完形填空蒙题技巧助你得高分 完形填空题在高考题中的分值是较高的,是大多数学生考试中的拦路虎。完形填空题在高考英语试题中难度最大、综合性最强,最能考查出学生的语言理解水平和对英语的驾驭能力。可以说,完形填空题解答的好坏是决定考生英语成绩高低的关键,然而学生如何才能在高考中取得高分?下面小编就给大家分享一些英语完形填空蒙题技巧,助你得高分,仅供大家参考。?英语完形填空蒙题技巧1.我们先找关键词①后面一定要接动词原形的单词有:情态动词:can,would,could,must,may,should,need(在否定句和疑问句中)。使役动词:make,let,have.助动词:do,does,don’t,doesn’t,didn’t.Why not=why don’t you.②后面一定要接v-ing的有:所有介词(to除外):about,for,in,on,by,at,with,of…etc.一些单词:find(found),practice,finish,have fun,enjoy,mind,stand,like.③一些既可接v-ing也可接to do不一式。Rember,forget,stop,注意后接to do(不定式)表示事情还没有做,接v-ing表示已经做了。④后面一定要接to do(不定式)的有:Would like to do sth,want to do sth ,plan to do sth.,decide to do sth.Can’t ?wait to do sth(迫不及待地做某事)2.第二步我们看括号内所给的词:①如果说是名词,我们可考虑单复数。这里就要记牢名词单复数的变法。②如果说是代词,就要考虑四种了,现将具体罗列如下。主格宾格形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词常放在动词的前面。作主语。常放在动词或介词的后面(也就是常说的动宾或介宾短语) This is a photo of ?mine(除外)。就是我们常说的带“的”的,常放在名词的前面。(也就是常说的名词前面用“带的”的。常作名词用③如果说是基数词,我们可考虑变成序数词(月份或冠词后面就需要变),这时要注意“基变序”的变法。另外注意如果
高考英语蒙题技巧。 ★清华大学★英语系测试:为中小学生英语量身定做. 官方网站:https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4512905906.html,/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供 先来口诀:1三长一短就选短,三短一长就选长。两长两短就选B,参差不齐C无敌。2 以蒙为主以抄为辅 蒙抄结合保证及格 正文: 蒙选择题方法。20道题至少能对15道。 由于我的英文不是很好,所以我苦心钻研蒙技。我发现了很多关于选择题的规律,十分好用。在开学考试时,总共有20道选择题,我蒙对19道(我们班的英语神童沈宜人错了两道题。沈宜人同学据说背了两万单词,可以轻易读懂原版《简爱》)。 也就是说,这个蒙题技术有时远远高过自己本身水平。 这个蒙,总共有三点技巧。 一、找共同点。 比如说有一道题的选项有四个: A.study B.to study C.learning D.to read
可以看出,其中的study有两个;其中的不定式也有两个。所以两个显著特点集于一身的to study的选择可能性就十分的大。 二、找矛盾点(适用于单选)。 比如一道题问: 下列关于密度的说法中,错误的是: 其中,有两个这样的选项: B.质量相同,体积大的物体密度小。 D.质量相同,体积大的物体密度大。 这就可以看出,一定其中有一个是错误的——唉,你别笑!有很多的题中,都会有矛盾的地方。只要找出矛盾,再蒙的几率就大多了。 三、培养―蒙感‖ 这个所谓―蒙感‖,就是这蒙题的感觉。因为不可能一面卷子上你一道题也不会做(当然也有例外),你也有很大可能有不会做的题。这时,就要看蒙题的感觉了。所有考试的人都知道,选择题中选择B、C选项的占绝大多数。所以遇到不会的题,就往B、C上靠,几率会大一点。
高考英语七选五蒙题技巧 2017年高考马上就要开始了,大家在复习备考过程中一定要了解高考英语七选五秒杀法,最好能在只看答案的情况下排除一些错误选项。下面小编就给大家分享一下七选五蒙题技巧,供大家参考。 ?七选五做题技巧通读全文,了解文章大意。通读答案,找出和文章相对应的关键词。根据文章整体结构、具体内容,结合关键词,将选项填入文中。 ?将所选答案代入文中,再次通读全文,重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。研究多余选项,确定排除理由,最终确定答案。1. 如果问题设在段首(1)通常是段落的主题句,认真阅读后文内容,根据段落一致性原则,查找相关的词,推断出主题句(2)与后文是并列,转折,因果关系等。 ?着重阅读后文第一两句,锁定线索信号词,然后在选项中查找相关特征词,通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的,因此这两句之间会有某种的衔接手段。(3)段落间的过渡句。 ?这时要瞻前顾后找启示,即阅读上一段结尾部分,通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来,并结合下一段内容,看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。2. 如果问题设在段尾(1).空白前的一句或两句是重点语句,重点阅读以锁定关键词。(2.)通常是结论,概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果结论,总结等的信号词。Therefore, as a result, thus, ?hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语,选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。(3.)与前文是转折或对比关系此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折对比的关联词,同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立,对比关系。(4.)与前文是并列或排比关系在这种情况下,通常是该段落要
、完形填空蒙题口诀技巧 先来口诀:1三长一短就选短,三短一长就选长。两长两短就选B,参差不齐C无敌。2 以蒙为主以抄为辅 蒙抄结合保证及格 正文: 蒙选择题方法。20道题至少能对15道。 由于我的英文不是很好,所以我苦心钻研蒙技。我发现了很多关于选择题的规律,十分好用。在开学考试时,总共有20道选择题,我蒙对19道,这个蒙题技术有时远远高过自己本身水平。 这个蒙,总共有三点技巧。 一、找共同点。 比如说有一道题的选项有四个: A.study B.to study C.learning D.to read 可以看出,其中的study有两个;其中的不定式也有两个。所以两个显著特点集于一身的to study的选择可能性就十分的大。 二、找矛盾点(适用于单选)。 比如一道题问: 下列关于密度的说法中,错误的是: 其中,有两个这样的选项: B.质量相同,体积大的物体密度小。 D.质量相同,体积大的物体密度大。 这就可以看出,一定其中有一个是错误的——唉,你别笑!有很多
的题中,都会有矛盾的地方。只要找出矛盾,再蒙的几率就大多了。三、培养“蒙感” 这个所谓“蒙感”,就是这蒙题的感觉。因为不可能一面卷子上你一道题也不会做(当然也有例外),你也有很大可能有不会做的题。这时,就要看蒙题的感觉了。所有考试的人都知道,选择题中选择B、C选项的占绝大多数。所以遇到不会的题,就往B、C上靠,几率会大一点。 还有,如果你有很多题不会——比如说五道题里你有三道不会,那就要看你平时做题的感觉了。下面有一些选项,我感觉大多数时,选项会和以下相同,大家看一看: A: AAABC AACBB AABBC ABAAC ABACA ABDDC ACABC ACBBC ACABD ADACC ADCAA ADBAD B: BACBB BACCA BABDC BBBCC BBACA BBABC(有时也会是BBBBD BBBBB) BCBBA BCABC BCDAA BDACC BDDAC BDCAD C: CABBC CABCD CACBD CBACB CBAAC CBBBC CCABC CCBAD CCDBC CDABC CDABD CDBAC D: DABBC DACBB DBCCA
深层剖析解的特征每道都由题干(即问题)与四个选项组成。我对四个选项这样划分:其中一个是答案的选项称为解,其余三个选项不称为选项,而称为干扰项,因为几乎每个选项都被命题者加上了十足的功力,麻痹考生,以达到不容易被考生答对的目的。这样由命题难度梯度决定,解必然有如下特点:“中心思... 四六级不用看题就可以答题!新东方绝密! 深层剖析解的特征 每道都由题干(即问题)与四个选项组成。我对四个选项这样划分:其中一个是答案的选项称为解,其余三个选项不称为选项,而称为干扰项,因为几乎每个选项都被命题者加上了十足的功力,麻痹考生,以达到不容易被考生答对的目的。这样由命题难度梯度决定,解必然有如下特点: “中心思想是解” 对一主题题型“中心思想是解”非常好理解。但大家一定要注意到大多数细节题也符合“中心思想是解”,因为很多细节刀是围绕中心的细枝末节。 “隐蔽处有解” 指方章中的或一名话的隐蔽之,常见有同位语、插入语、定语、长句后半句、从句、副词、不定式等。 “合理项不是解;不合理项是解;无关项是解;事实是解” 问:“狗是干什么的? 答:“狗是看门的” 在各类英语考试中,这种选项显然是错误的因为人人都知道狗是看门的,狗是看门的是常识,是典型的合理项,合理项不是解。那么,狗是干什么的?我给大家举个例子:狗是锻炼身体的。很多同学不理解,觉得没有道理。其实文章中很可能六我们家养了一条狗,每天早上我和狗都去跑步,狗跑多快,我就跑多快,后来我身体就越来越好,所以狗就成了锻炼身体的了。但问题问狗是干什么的,干扰项中必然出现诸如狗是看门的选项,那是给那些想瞎猜的人准备的,理由很简单,就是不能让考生不看文章答对题。 总之合理项是指合理的选项,合理项主要分为两种情况:一种是生活常识,另一种是在不看文章的前提下,问题与答案极其吻合。 但想想看,反其道而行之呢?对策:“合理项不是解;不合理项是解;无关项是解;事实是解”。
英语选择题的规律和方法 发现了一些关于选择题的规律 一、找共同点。 比如说有一道题的选项有四个:A.study B.to study C.learning D.to read 可以看出,其中的study有两个;其中的不定式也有两个。所以两个显著特点集于一身的to study的选择可能性就十分的大。 二、找矛盾点(适用于单选)。 比如一道题问:下列关于密度的说法中,错误的是:其中,有两个这样的选项: B.质量相同,体积大的物体密度小。 D.质量相同,体积大的物体密度大。 这就可以看出,一定其中有一个是错误的——唉,你别笑!有很多的题中,都会有矛盾的地方。只要找出矛盾,再蒙的几率就大多了。 三、培养“蒙感” 这个所谓“蒙感”,就是这蒙题的感觉。因为不可能一面卷子上你一道题也不会做(当然也有例外),你也有很大可能有不会做的题。这时,就要看蒙题的感觉了。所有考试的人都知道,选择题中选择B、C选项的占绝大多数。所以遇到不会的题,就往B、C上靠,几率会大一点。 五题中不能都选同一个选项如都选AAAAA,BBBBB CCCCC, DDDDD 一般有三个字母组成如AAACD BCCAA DABCD 一、单选: 1.none no nothing nobody选none,anthing nothing……选nothing 2.非谓语选ed或ing 看主动被动doing前有人称代词宾格,物主代词所有格的对 3冠词选几个选项的交集A、a the B a 不填 C 不填the D a a 就选A如果只有一个空就选a 4时态也先交集原则,然后有过去进行选,没就选一般过去或者have been doing 5动词短语也是交集,还是选不出来就选C 6情态动词选can could。Shall有法律文件的命令威胁警告语气 7虚拟语气过去时间为主had done 或would have done should,would……选should或不填,be done 8名词从句选what 定语从句选where 状语从句when before while然而尽管 9It’s 开头选that 看看It’s,that去掉后剩余部分能否组成一句话,能就对了 10倒装句选部分倒装:主语前有助动词,主语后有真正的动词主语在中间的:did sb do can sb do 11选项有to,to be ,to have 的要选 12动词原形+and/or/otherwise+will do 的要注意尤其是后面那个will do 很重要,选动词原形为主 13时间条件状语从句中主句将来时态,从句现在时态即主将从现 14It,one,the one,that 选it为主that可以指不可数 15So+形容词+a/an+名词such+a/an+形容词+名词 16介词beyond,with 是关键二、完型填空 选最常见的词感情词选文中出现过的动词选最短的。三、阅读理解 三短一长选长三长一短选短一样长选C 一样短选B 有绝对化的不选有废话的选
先来口诀:1三长一短就选短,三短一长就选长。两长两短就选B,参差不齐C无敌。2 以蒙为主以抄为辅 蒙抄结合保证及格 正文: 蒙选择题方法。20道题至少能对15道。 由于我的英文不是很好,所以我苦心钻研蒙技。我发现了很多关于选择题的规律,十分好用。在开学考试时,总共有20道选择题,我蒙对19道(我们班的英语神童沈宜人错了两道题。沈宜人同学据说背了两万单词,可以轻易读懂原版《简爱》)。 也就是说,这个蒙题技术有时远远高过自己本身水平。 这个蒙,总共有三点技巧。 一、找共同点。 比如说有一道题的选项有四个: A.study B.to study C.learning D.to read 可以看出,其中的study有两个;其中的不定式也有两个。所以两个显著特点集于一身的to study的选择可能性就十分的大。 二、找矛盾点(适用于单选)。 比如一道题问: 下列关于密度的说法中,错误的是: 其中,有两个这样的选项: B.质量相同,体积大的物体密度小。 D.质量相同,体积大的物体密度大。 这就可以看出,一定其中有一个是错误的——唉,你别笑!有很多的
题中,都会有矛盾的地方。只要找出矛盾,再蒙的几率就大多了。三、培养“蒙感” 这个所谓“蒙感”,就是这蒙题的感觉。因为不可能一面卷子上你一道题也不会做(当然也有例外),你也有很大可能有不会做的题。这时,就要看蒙题的感觉了。所有考试的人都知道,选择题中选择B、C选项的占绝大多数。所以遇到不会的题,就往B、C上靠,几率会大一点。还有,如果你有很多题不会——比如说五道题里你有三道不会,那就要看你平时做题的感觉了。下面有一些选项,我感觉大多数时,选项会和以下相同,大家看一看: A: AAABC AACBB AABBC ABAAC ABACA ABDDC ACABC ACBBC ACABD ADACC ADCAA ADBAD B: BACBB BACCA BABDC BBBCC BBACA BBABC(有时也会是BBBBD BBBBB) BCBBA BCABC BCDAA BDACC BDDAC BDCAD C: CABBC CABCD CACBD CBACB CBAAC CBBBC CCABC CCBAD CCDBC CDABC CDABD CDBAC D: DABBC DACBB DBCCA DBAAC DBCAC DBBBC DCABB DCBBA DCABD DDACC DDBCA DDACB 这个蒙感是要靠自己的第六感,千万不要背我的“数字”。其一是因为它也不怎么准。其二是因为,有背这个的时间,不如好好复习。 我写这个的主要原因是想让一部分学习不太好的同学有一些自信;遇到不会题的同学有机会得到更高的分数从而达到自己的目标。不要过分依赖这个蒙题技巧。而且这个蒙题技巧也并不是很完善,还有很多地方
2. 英语音位及音位变体的归纳 一音位概说 音位是一个语音系统中能够区别意义的最小语音单位。音位是按照语音的社会属性划分出来的。在一种语音里,音素往往要远远地多于音位。例如,在普通话里,音位/a/代表着四个不同的音素[a]、[ε]、[α]、[A]。音位是在实际语境中通过对比和替换而归纳出来的。 音位的分类:元音音位、辅音音位和调位。其中调位为非音质音位。 二音位变体 一个音位往往包含一些不同的音,这些音即称为音位变体。音位变体是音位的具体表现形式,音位是从中概括归纳出来的,因而音位具有一定的抽象性。音位与音位变体的关系是类别与成员的关系。例如,普通话的/ a /音位在语境中表现为以下形式[ a ](安、爱)、[ε](严、远)、[ A ](啊、牙)和[α](昂、王)。 音位变体可分成条件变体和自由变体。在一定条件下出现的变体即为条件变体,如前面/ /的各种变体即是。没有条件限制,可以自由替换而不影响意义的音位变体则为自由变体,如南京话中的[ n ]和[ l ]。 归纳音位应在同一语音系统中进行。归纳音位的标准主要是语音的辨义功能、互补分布和音感差异。在一个语音系统中,如果某种语音差异能够导致意义的不同,那么这种差异就是根本性的,并最终成为不同音位之间的界限。构成上述差异的语音特征被称作“区别性特征”,如送气与不送气、四声即是。对音位的条件变体而言,不同的变体各有特定的分布位置,这种状况就是所谓的“互补分布”。处于互补状态的语音差异一般不造成音位的对立。因此,互补分布也是归纳音位的一种重要标准。但必须注意,当处于互补位置的几个音在音感上差别过大时,则不宜归纳为一个同一音位,如[ m ]、[ η]即是。所以,音感是划分音位的一个参照标准。
英语蒙题技术 先来口诀:1三长一短就选短,三短一长就选长。两长两短就选B,参差不齐C 无敌。2 以蒙为主以抄为辅 蒙抄结合保证及格 正文: 蒙选择题方法。20道题至少能对15道。 由于我的英文不是很好,所以我苦心钻研蒙技。我发现了很多关于选择题的规律,十分好用。在开学考试时,总共有20道选择题,我蒙对19道(我们班的英语神童沈宜人错了两道题。沈宜人同学据说背了两万单词,可以轻易读懂原版《简爱》)。 也就是说,这个蒙题技术有时远远高过自己本身水平。 这个蒙,总共有三点技巧。 一、找共同点。 比如说有一道题的选项有四个: A.study B.to study C.learning D.to read 可以看出,其中的study有两个;其中的不定式也有两个。所以两个显著特点集于一身的to study的选择可能性就十分的大。 二、找矛盾点(适用于单选)。 比如一道题问: 下列关于密度的说法中,错误的是: 其中,有两个这样的选项: B.质量相同,体积大的物体密度小。 D.质量相同,体积大的物体密度大。 这就可以看出,一定其中有一个是错误的——唉,你别笑!有很多的题中,都会有矛盾的地方。只要找出矛盾,再蒙的几率就大多了。
三、培养“蒙感” 这个所谓“蒙感”,就是这蒙题的感觉。因为不可能一面卷子上你一道题也不会做(当然也有例外),你也有很大可能有不会做的题。这时,就要看蒙题的感觉了。所有考试的人都知道,选择题中选择B、C选项的占绝大多数。所以遇到不会的题,就往B、C上靠,几率会大一点。 还有,如果你有很多题不会——比如说五道题里你有三道不会,那就要看你平时做题的感觉了。下面有一些选项,我感觉大多数时,选项会和以下相同,大家看一看: A: AAABC AACBB AABBC ABAAC ABACA ABDDC ACABC ACBBC ACABD ADACC ADCAA ADBAD B: BACBB BACCA BABDC BBBCC BBACA BBABC(有时也会是BBBBD BBBBB) BCBBA BCABC BCDAA BDACC BDDAC BDCAD C: CABBC CABCD CACBD CBACB CBAAC CBBBC CCABC CCBAD CCDBC CDABC CDABD CDBAC D: DABBC DACBB DBCCA DBAAC DBCAC DBBBC DCABB DCBBA DCABD DDACC DDBCA DDACB 这个蒙感是要靠自己的第六感,千万不要背我的“数字”。其一是因为它也不怎么准。其二是因为,有背这个的时间,不如好好复习。
英语选择题蒙题技巧口诀 蒙为主以抄为辅 蒙抄结合保证及格 正文: 蒙选择题方法。20道题至少能对15道。 因为我的英文不是很好,所以我苦心钻研蒙技。我发现了很多关于选择题的规律,十分好用。在开学考试时,总共有20道选择题,我蒙对19道(我们班的英语神童沈宜人错了两道题。沈宜人同学据说背了两万单词,能够轻易读懂原版《简爱》)。 也就是说,这个蒙题技术有时远远高过自己本身水平。 这个蒙,总共有三点技巧。 一、找共同点。 比如说有一道题的选项有四个: A.study B.to study C.learning D.to read 能够看出,其中的study有两个;其中的不定式也有两个。所以两个显著特点集于一身的to study的选择可能性就十分的大。 二、找矛盾点(适用于单选)。 比如一道题问: 下列关于密度的说法中,错误的是: 其中,有两个这样的选项: B.质量相同,体积大的物体密度小。 D.质量相同,体积大的物体密度大。 这就能够看出,一定其中有一个是错误的——唉,你别笑!有很多的题中,都会有矛盾的地方。只要找出矛盾,再蒙的几率就大多了。 三、培养“蒙感” 这个所谓“蒙感”,就是这蒙题的感觉。因为不可能一面卷子上你一道题也不会做(当然也有例外),你也有很大可能有不会做的题。这时,就要看蒙题的感觉了。所有考试的人都知道,选择题中选择B、C选项的占绝绝大部分。所以遇到不会的题,就往B、C上靠,几率会大一点。 还有,如果你有很多题不会——比如说五道题里你有三道不会,那就要看你平时做题的感觉了。下面有一些选项,我感觉绝大部分时,选项会和以下相同,大家看一看: A: AAABC AACBB AABBC ABAAC ABACA ABDDC ACABC ACBBC ACABD ADACC ADCAA ADBAD B: BACBB BACCA BABDC BBBCC BBACA BBABC(有时也会是BBBBD BBBBB) BCBBA BCABC BCDAA BDACC BDDAC BDCAD C: CABBC CABCD CACBD CBACB CBAAC CBBBC CCABC CCBAD CCDBC CDABC CDABD CDBAC
音位及音位的组合 音位 一、什么是音位 (一)语音环境(语音条件) 搬bān[pan55] 搬bān[pan55] 搬bān[pan55] 我wǒ[wo214] 安ān[an55] sport[p] 搬bān[pan55] (二)等同分布和互补分布 等同分布:几个音出现的语音环境相同。 互补分布:几个音出现的语音环境不相同。 (三)区别意义和语音相似 (四)归纳音位的原则: 1、等同分布:能区别意义,属于不同的音位;不能区别意义,属于同一音位。 2、互补分布:语音相似,不能区别意义,属于同一音位;语音不相似,能区别意义,属于不同的音位。 (五)音位的定义:音位是某一种语言或方言中等同分布并且能区别意义或互补分布并且语音不相似的最小语音单位。 二、音位变体 (一)音位变体:属于同一音位的不同的音。 (二)音位的条件变体和自由变体
音位的条件变体:处于互补分布而又语音相似的几个音。 音位的自由变体:处于等同分布而又不能区别意义的几个音。 三、区别特征 (一)发音特征:[p]双唇、不送气、清、塞音 (二)区别特征:能够区别音位的发音特征叫做区别特征。 音位的组合 一、音节 (一)音节的划分 “他去图书馆。” 音节是听觉上最自然、最容易分辨的最小语音单位。 关于音节的形成,肌肉紧张度说认为,发音器官的肌肉是松弛和紧张相互交替的。发音时,发音器官每紧张一次,就形成一个音节。肌肉的紧张过程分为渐强-最强-渐弱三个阶段。 音节的划分要受特定社会习惯的制约。[feid]在说汉语的人听起来是“废的”,两个音节,而在说英语的人听起来是fade(失去光泽),一个音节。 (二)音节的结构 1、音节的结构类型 (1)不包含元音、由辅音单独构成的音节:普通话表示答应的“呣”。(2)包含元音的音节:①V(例如“啊”[a55])②CV(例如“搭”
For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use 音素:(phone) 1、语音中最小的单位。是从音色的角度划分出来的最小的语音单位。 2、在语音学与音韵学中,音素一词所指的是说话时所发出的声音。音素是具体存在的物理现象。国际音标的音标符号与全人类语言的音素具有一一对应。 3、英语共有48个音素,其中元音20个,辅音28个。英语辅音和元音在语言中的作用,就相当于汉语中的声母和韵母。记录英语音素的符号叫做音标。 音位:(Phoneme) 1、一个语言系统中能够区分词义的最小的语言单位,也就是按语音的辨义作用归纳出来的音类,是从语言的社会属性划分出来的语言单位。 2、是语言中能表示语义的单位。 3、音位及其归纳方法 1)具有相同的表义作用一样的一组音素,可归纳成同一个音位。它有如下特点:第一,音位总是属于一定的语言,脱离具体的语言,音位无从谈起。第二,属于同一个音位的各个音,不能区别意义,不同音位的各个音,能够区别意义。第三,音位必须是最小的单位。例如,汉语的声母和单韵母可以看作音位,复韵母和鼻韵母就不能看作音位。 2)音位的种类:可大别为两类:一是音质音位,由音素构成;二是非音质音位,由声调等构成的叫非音质音位。音质音位有元音音位共十个(音元音韵母);辅音音位有22个,其中21个作声母,1个专作韵尾。非音质音位有四个声调音位,简称调位。音位用平行斜线中加国际音标字母表示。 音位变体:(Allophones) 1、同属于一个音位的不同音素叫做“音位变体” 2、音位变体可分为“条件变体”和“自由变体”两种。1)条件变体,指需要一定的语言条件才会出现的音位变体,又叫“必然变体”。2)自由变体,指没有环境限制,可以自由替换而不影响意义的音位变体,又叫“习惯变体”。 3、音位变体就是同一个音位的不同的变异形式,是音位在特定语音环境中的具体体现或具体代表。如英语中的,leap /li:p/ 与feel /fi:l/ 中的两个不同的/l/,就是音位/l/的两个不同变体。 音位与音素的区别:1、划分角度不同。音素是从人类语音的音质上着眼划分出来的最小语音单位,两个音若音质不同,就是两个不同的音素。2、划分范围不同。音素是从人类的语言所能用到的全部语音里划分出来的最小语音单位,而音位则是在某种特定的语言或方言的语音系统里划分出来的最小语音单位。 音位与音位变体的区别:1、音位和音位变体的关系,是一般与个别的关系。2、音位是一个总的名称,而一个具体的音位,总是要通过不同的变体体现出来。比如一个音位有四个变体,这个音位在不同场合总是表现为其中某一个具体的音位。音位本身是抽象的。