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英汉笔译1-7单元综合练习答案

第一章综合练习及参考译文

1．翻译下列句子，注意斜体部分的表达并说明翻译的特点

1) I took advice on the matter.

【译文】就此事我已征求过意见。

2) They are all of age.

【译文】他们都是成年人。

3) It has made the headlines that the president’s wife threatened her husbands with public exposure.

【译文】总统夫人说要公开揭发丈夫，这件事成了头条新闻。

4) He often talks horse.

【译文】她常吹牛。

5) They lingered long over his letter.

【译文】他们反复看了他的来信。

6) Between ourselves, I don’t think much of him.

【译文】咱们私下里说说，我看那人不怎么样。

7) There is something in the wind.

【译文】好像要出事了。（风里有些什么东西。）

8) She has the making of a good teacher.

【译文】她具有一个优秀教师的潜质。

9) You never realize how fortunate you are to have good health until it is suddenly brought home to you by the sight of suffering.

【译文】除非你亲眼目睹体弱多病之苦，不然，你是不会意识到你有一个健康的身体有多好。

10) That notion is being nurtured by people.

【译文】有人在吹这种风。

11) Dawn breaking over the islands, very beautiful in a soft grey light with many clouds. There is a transparency about the light here which cannot be described or painted.

【译文】曙色中的海岛美极了，晨曦柔合，彩云片片。澄澈的光影是无法描绘的。

12) From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs.

【译文】各尽所能，各得所需。

13) When we make friends, we should choose those who are our supporters in danger. (Aesop)

【译文】要交朋友，要选那些我们遇到危险时支持我们的人。

14) Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him.

【译文】欢迎他的只有几下半声不响的、七零八落的、虚情假意的掌声。

15) So long as we love we serve; so long as we are loved by others, I would almost say we are indispensable; and no man is useless while he has a friend. (Robert Louis Stevenson)

【译文】只要我们去爱人，我们就有所贡献；只要我们被人所爱，我们就不缺少什么；任何一个人，如果有一个朋友，那他就不是无用之人。

16) With determination, with luck, and with the help from lots of good people, I was able to rise from the ashes.

【译文】凭着我的决心，我的运气，还有许多善良人们的帮助，我终于获得了新生。17) All the wisdom of the ages, all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are

easily and cheaply available to all of us within the covers of books.

【译文】古往今来人类的一切智慧结晶，数百年来人们津津乐道的那些故事，我们都可以轻松地从书本中得到。

18) Besides working to improve building structure，people in areas where earthquakes are common should also prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake in several other aspects.

【译文】除了努力改进建筑结构外, 地震多发区的人们还应该在其它几个方面为可能发生的大地震做好准备。

19) I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old. 【译文】就是从这一天开始，我的生活和以前全然不同，一想到这个，我就感到无比兴奋。这个重要的日子是1887年3月3日，当时我还差三个月才满七周岁。

20) The college student caught cheating does not even blush. He shrugs his shoulders and comments: “Everybody does it, and besides, I can’t see that it really hurts anybody.

(J. Krutch: The New Immorality)

【译文】那位大学生考试作弊被发现，连脸都不红，只是耸耸肩，振振有词地说：“大家都是这么干的。再说了，我认为这不会损害任何人。”

2．翻译下列段落

I had scarcely passed my twelfth birthday when I entered the inhospitable regions of examinations, through which for the next seven years I was destined to journey. These examinations were a great trial to me. The subjects which were dearest to the examiners were almost invariably those I fancied least. I would have liked to have been examined in history, poetry and writing essays. The examiners, on the other hand, were partial to Latin and mathematics. And their will prevailed.

【译文】我一过12岁生日，就步入了令人头疼的考试时期，而且随后的7年，竟注定一直在这区域跋涉。这些考试真让我伤透了脑筋。主考老师最喜欢考的科目，几乎无一例外的都是我最不喜欢的科目。我喜爱历史、诗歌和写作，可他们却喜欢拉丁文和数学，而每次考试都是他们说了算。

Moreover, the questions which they asked on both these subjects were almost invariably those to which I was unable to suggest a satisfactory answer. I should have liked to be asked to say what I knew. They always tried to ask what I did not know. When I would have willingly displayed my knowledge, they sought to expose my ignorance. This sort of treatment had only one result: I did not do well in examinations.

更可气的是，他们在这两个科目上所提的问题，又几乎全都是我无法做出满意答案的。我一直喜欢回答一些我所熟悉的东西，可他们总是问一些我全都不知道的问题。我一直很想展现自己的才华，可他们却变着法儿让我出丑。其结果是：考试中我屡屡失败。

During the past few years, scientists the world over have suddenly found themselves productively engaged in a task they once spent their lives avoiding writing, but particularly letter writing. Lured by electronic mail’s seductive blend of speed, convenience and economy, people who have never before touched the stuff are routinely, skillfully, even cheerfully tapping out a great deal of correspondence.

【译文】在最近几年中，全世界的科学家们突然发现他们在高效率地从事着一种自己以前极不愿做的工作——写作，特别是信件的写作。由于电子邮件的速度快捷，经济方便，使得从未使用过的人，也开始熟练地使用电子邮件处理日常事务，甚至能高高兴兴地写出大

量信函。

Electronic networks, woven into the fabric of scientific communication these days, are the route to colleagues in distant countries, shared data, bulletin boards and electronic journals. Anyone with a personal computer, a modem and the software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on. An estimated five million scientists have done so, with more joining every day, most of them communicating through a bundle of interconnected domestic and foreign routes known collectively as the internet, or net.

当前电子网络，已经融入现代科学交流中。通过电子网络，人们可以和异国他乡的同事取得联系、分享数据、游览新闻简报和阅读电子杂志。不管是谁，只要你有一台个人电脑，一个调制解调器以及所需要的软件，再把电话线连接到电脑上，就能申请上网。目前，大约已有500万科学家登记上网，而且人数与日俱增，绝大多数的科学家通过国内和国际线路进行通讯。这些线路称为“互联网”，或简称“网”。

E-mail is starting to edge out the fax, the telephone, overnight mail and, of course land mail. It shrinks time and distance between scientific collaborators, in part because it is conveniently asynchronous (writers can type while their colleagues across time zones sleep; their message will be waiting). If it is not yet speed discoveries, it is certainly accelerating disclosures.

电子邮件正在逐步取代传真、电话、特快专递，当然还有陆上邮件。它既缩短了科学合作者之间的距离，又节省了通讯时间。其部分原因是因为它具有不同时性（当发送的一方正在输入时，居住在其他时区的接收方可能正在睡觉。传送的信息将在网上等待。）因而带来方便。电子邮件即便是不能加速产生新的发现的话，它也肯定能加快信息的传递。

第二章综合练习及参考译文

1．翻译下列句子，注意斜体部分的表达并说明翻译的特点

1) We refused to take the advice and failed.

【译文】我们没有听劝告，结果失败了。

2) They are all of an age.

【译文】他们的岁数都相同。

3) I was shanghaied in Shanghai.

【译文】我在上海受骗了。

4) Don’t ride the high horse.

【译文】不要趾高气扬。

5) The teacher is popular with his students.（主动形式，被动意义）

【译文】这位老师很受学生的欢迎。

6) He had a fast life, drinking and gambling.

【译文】他过着放荡的生活，又酗酒又赌博。

7) Man has to fight his way through life on earth!

【译文】人生在世，要奋斗不息。

8) He would be quite a likeable fellow if only he wouldn’t act the goat so much.

【译文】只要他不恶作剧，就是个讨人喜欢的小伙子。

9) John can be relied on, he eats no fish and plays the game.

译文】约翰为人可靠，诚实又正直。

10) Nehru had evidently come to think of their country as the equal of China, or even her superior.

【译文】尼赫鲁显然认为他们的国家应该同中国平起平坐，甚至要高出中国一头。

11) It will soon rain itself out and then we can have our walk.

【译文】雨快停了，我们就能去散步。

12) She was eighteen and beautiful.

【译文】她年方18，天生丽质。

13) There are some beautiful Chinese girls in the picture.

【译文】画中是几个中国美女。（图上是几个漂亮的中国女子。）

14) He was a good father, within his limitations.

【译文】他是个好父亲，虽然也有这样那样的缺点。

15) “Look at that old lady, she’s doing everything wrong.”

【译文】“看看那位老太太，她那个样子最容易出问题。”

2．翻译下列段落

In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone call made after 11 :00 p.m. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it’s a mater of life and death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.

【译文】在美国，人们通常不在清早打电话给别人。如果你在早晨别人刮脸或吃早餐的时候打电话来，那就意味着你有非常重要而紧急的事请。晚上11点之后打来电话也一样。人们在睡觉的时间接到电话时就会以为发生了生死攸关的事。打电话所选择的时间表示事情的重要程度。

In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life. For example, if people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U. S. no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, for it would be too impolite. Even a person who is five minutes late is expected to make a short apology.

【译文】时间在社会生活中作用重大。在美国，如果仅仅提前三四天接到宴会的邀请，人们会觉得自己不够受重视。但并不是所有的国家都是这样。在其他国家，人们会觉得提早很多天就预定约会的做法很愚蠢，因为一周以后某一天的计划很有可能被忘掉。在不同的地区，时间有不同的意义。因此，来自时间观念不同的两种文化氛围中的人之间就会产生误解。比如：美国社会崇尚迅捷。人们会觉得办事不够迅速的人没有礼貌或不够负责。在美国，人们无法想象让生意伙伴等上一个小时，那简直太失礼了。人们觉得即使只迟到了五分钟，也应该简短地表示歉意。

第三章综合练习及参考译文

1．翻译下列句子，注意斜体词句的表达差异

1）He is little of a scholar.

【译文】他没有学者的风度。

2）He is very much of a poet.

【译文】他大有诗人之气派。

3）He’s only not a boy.

【译文】他简直是个孩子。

4）Not knowing her telephone number, I can not contact her immediately.

【译文】由于不知道她的电话号码，我无法立刻与她联系。

5) Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.

【译文】无知是恐惧的根源，也是敬佩的根源。

6) With all his achievements he remains modest and prudent.

【译文】她虽有很多成就，但还是谦虚谨慎。

7) Everything considered, your essay seems better written.

【译文】如果各方面都考虑到，你的论文似乎会写得更好些。

8) We maintain that no peace situation is permanent which does not take into account the legitimate wishes of the majority of the people of any country.

【译文】我们认为，如果不尊重一个国家大多数人民的正当愿望，任何和平局面都不会是持久的。

9) It would have been of as much avail to interrogate any stone face outside chateau as to interrogate that face of his.

【译文】从他那张脸上审视不出什么，正如从城堡外面任何一张石脸上审视不出什么一样。（as much …as 在这里相当于as little … as，用以衬托否定含义。）

10) Surgeon that Fleming was, he did not know penicillin which kills bacteria and germs. 【译文】虽然弗莱明是外科医生，他当时并不知道杀死细菌和病菌的是青霉素。

【解析】英语让步状语从句，从句在前，主句在后，汉语译文和英语结构、意义一致。

2. 翻译下列句子，注意调整语序

1）He felt a qualm in his stomach, and it was more in memory of his own loneliness than anticipation of hers.（按照信息中心）

【译文】他感到一阵心酸，与其说是预见了她的凄凉，倒不如说是想到了他自己的孤独。2）For example, a girl student who had difficulty studying made dramatic strides when she got a better desk lamp and moved her desk away from her bed.（按照时间顺序）

【译文】例如，有位女学生，原来学习很吃力，但自从换了一盏好台灯，并把桌子从床边搬开以后，学习就取得了长足的进步。

3）A reader’s perception of the loose, slangy, colloquial, shirt-sleeved quality of much modern prose will be sharpened if he has experienced the conscious elegance of eighteenth-century writers and the solemn lecture-hall pronouncements of the Victorians. （按照逻辑顺序）【译文】如果一位读者读过18世纪作家的作品，体会到其刻意追求典雅的语言风格．又读过维多利亚女王时代的人在演讲大厅上所作的庄严的发言，他定能更深刻地理解很多现代散文作品那种结构松散、口语色彩浓、好用俚语、不拘形式的语言风格。

4）Based on national realities and taking reasonable aspects of foreign economies, Chinese economists are working to establish socialist market economy, which ensures economic activities follow the requirements of the law of value and the changing relationship between supply and demand. （按照搭配需要）

【译文】在立足本国实际和借鉴海外经济合理成分的基础上，中国经济学者正致力于建立社会主义市场经济，要保证经济活动遵循价值规律的要求，适应供求关系的变化。

5)There are few moments in life that bring husband and wife closer in reflective communion

than the first October moment by a blazing hearth when they inhale the odor of mothballs in each other’s sweaters and agree it’s time they once again had a long talk.

【译文】十月初临，夫妻俩傍倚着融融的炉火，都能闻到对方毛衣散发出的卫生球气味，默契地认为是他们在一起促膝长谈的时候了，如此亲密无间地沉浸在感情交流之中，一生能有几回。

【解析】这是个主从复合句，主句“There are few moments in life”位于句首，接着是由“that”引导的定语从句和一个由“when”引导的状语从句。翻译时，把从“than”开始的后半句挪到前面，“closer…than”的关系在译文中通过“如此”体现，英语表达关系紧密，结构形式完整，汉语译文完全打破了英语的结构形式，语序作了全面调整，把一个完整的英语句子分译成了五个汉语句子，主句位于最后，译文符合汉语习惯表达，主句位于最后。

3. 翻译下列短文，注意衔接表达方式

1）No matter how bad the world may become, no matter how much the mass man of the future may lose such of the virtues as he still has, one fact remains. If one person alone refuses to go along with him, if one person alone asserts his individual and inner right to believe in and be loyal to what his fellow men seem to have given up, then at least he will still retain what is perhaps the most important part of humanity.

【译文】不管世界会堕落到什么地步，不管未来的大众人会丧失多少他们迄今还保留着的美德，有一个事实依然不变：只要有一个人不肯跟着随波逐流，只要有一个人还会坚持自己植根于心灵深处的权利，信守他的同胞似乎已经放弃的美德，那他至少还会保留着也许是人性中最宝贵的东西。

2) Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a lookout. After the alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply to avoid a direct collision. The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her.

【译文】“泰坦尼克”号起航后的第四天，正行驶在北大西洋冰冷的海面上。突然，瞭望员发现正前方有一座冰山。警报拉响后，巨轮急转弯，以避免与冰山正面相撞。“泰坦尼克”号这个弯儿拐得及时，紧贴着高出海面100英尺的巨大冰墙擦了过去。

第四章综合练习及参考答案

1. 翻译下列句子，注意斜体词的表达

1)The editor praised his paper and suggested only one change.

【译文】编辑赞赏他的论文，仅在一处建议改动。

2) He knows no more life than the child unborn.

【译文】他天真烂漫，对人情世故却一无所知。

3) It is beyond the power of medicine to cure him.

【译文】他的病非药力所能治愈。

4) While this may be an exaggeration, there is a bit of truth in it.

【译文】此话虽然夸张，却也有几分可信。

5) It’s been scientifically proven that frequent kissing stabilizes cardiovascular activity, decreases high blood pressure, cholesterol and overall makes one’s life better.

【译文】科学已经证明常接吻可使心血管活动保持稳定，降低高血压、胆固醇，全面改善人的身体状况。

6 ) The expansion of the higher education system has turned universities from institutions for the elite to ones for the masses.

【译文】大学扩招后，大学教育便从以往的精英教育变成普及教育。

7) Brilliant young scholars or inventive industrial geniuses are hampered in technical research because they hesitate to disagree with their “superiors”.

【译文】才华横溢的青年学者、创造发明天才因为不愿与“师长”唱对台戏，而在科研上裹足不前。

8) We alone do good to our neighbors not upon a calculation of interest, but in the confidence of freedom and in a frank and fearless spirit. (Thucydides: History)

【译文】唯有我们乐于助人，但不计私利得失，而是出于自觉自愿，慷慨无畏。

9) I am disgusted she saw the man as a reminder to lock her doors. I wonder if he noticed us doing so. I wonder how it feels when people lock their doors at the sight of you.

【译文】我很讨厌她一看见那人就锁上车门的举动。我不知道那人是否注意到了我们的这一做法。真不知道当别人一看到你时就把车门锁上，那会是一种什么样的感觉。

10) Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains. One thinks himself the master of others, and still remains a greater slave than they. … To renounce liberty is to renounce being a man, to surrender the rights of humanity and even its duties. For him who renounces everything no indemnity is possible. (Jean-Jacques Rousseau: The Social Contract)

【译文】人天生是自由的，可处处受到束缚。那种自以为给别人当主子的人，反倒比别人更是奴才。……放弃自己的自由，就是放弃自己做人的资格，放弃人的权利，甚至于是放弃自己的义务。一个人放弃了一切，是不可能有任何东西作补偿的。（让-雅克·卢梭：《社会契约论》）

2、翻译下列段落

1）What WTO Accession Means for China (入世对于中国的意义)

In this new age of globalization , China’s leadership has decided to seek globalization’s benefits and accept its risks. The decision to join the WTO, and to accept the disciplines and rules that lie at its heart, is the latest important step enabling China to navigate globalization’s currents.

在这个全球化的新时代，中国领导人决定寻求全球化的益处，并承受其带来的风险。加入世贸组织并且接受作为其核心的行为准则和各项规则，这个决定是中国顺应全球化潮流所迈出的最为重要的一步。

Therefore, I am proud that my colleagues and I had the opportunity last year, shortly after assuming office, to take the lead in driving to complete China’s admission to the WTO after the process had been stalled for a year and half.

因此，我引以自豪的是，我的同事和我本人在去年刚上任不久的首要工作就是，在中国入世进程停顿了一年半之后，致力于完成这项工作。

As a WTO member, China is supposed to greatly reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers. It will need to improve protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights. It needs to allow companies engaged in telecommunications, computer services, banking, securities, insurance, freight forwarding, and wholesale and retail distribution to invest in China, providing services of value and spurring domestic competition.

作为世贸组织的成员，中国应当大幅降低关税和非关税壁垒，应当加强实施对知识产权的保护，应当允许（外国）公司投资于中国的电信、计算机服务、银行、证券、保险、货物转运以及批发与零售业，以提供各种重要的服务，推动国内竞争。

China has agreed to transform its system of laws and regulations through transparency, opening rules to comment before promulgation and to court review afterward. As a result, China’s membership in the WTO will mean lower prices, greater consumer choice, greater enterprise efficiency, enhanced productivity, higher wages, new jobs, and more opportunity.中国已经同意通过提高透明度来进行法律制度改革，其法规在颁布实施前要进行公示，听取意见，实施后要接受法院检验。其结果是，中国成为世贸组织成员后将带来的好处是：物价下降，消费者有更多的选择，企业效益增大，生产率提高，工资上涨，就业机会增多，机遇也越来越多。

2）I Have a Dream(Martin Luther King)

This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South. With his faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.

这就是我的希望。这就是我带回南方的信念。怀着这个信念，我们能够把绝望的大山凿成希望的磐石。怀着这个信念，我们能够将我国种族不和的喧嚣变为一曲友爱的乐章。怀着这个信念，我们能够一同工作，一同祈祷，一同奋斗，一同入狱坐牢，一同为争取自由而斗争，因为我们知道我们终将获得自由。

When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we w ill be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, “Free at last! free at last! thank God almighty, we are free at last!”

我们使自由之音响彻千家万户，响彻每个州郡城池，就会促使那个日子尽快到来。到了那一天，上帝的一切儿女，无论黑人、白人、犹太人、非犹太人、基督教徒和天主教徒都将携手同唱那首古老的黑人圣歌：“我们终于获得了自由！终于获得了自由！感谢全能的上帝，我们终于获得了自由！”

第五章综合练习及参考答案

1．翻译下列句子，注意词义选择

1）The house is over against the university.

【译文】那幢房子就在学校的对面。

2）We’re up against all sorts of difficulties.

【译文】我遇到了种种困难。

3）The huge waves hurling themselves against the rock broke into clouds of spray.

【译文】猛击着岩石的巨浪碎成一簇簇的水花。

4）The factory has produced 85,000 tons of sugar this year, as against the 60, 000 tons of last year.

【译文】这个厂今年生产了85,000吨糖，而去年只生产了60,000吨。（形成“对照”）

5）He saves money against the rainy day.

【译文】他存钱以备不时之用。

6）Charge it against my account.

【译文】请把这笔钱记在我的账上。

7）She drew a check against her bank balance.

【译文】她开了一张支票提取银行存款的余额。

8）We must not cross the street against the light.

【译文】我们不能不顾交通信号灯就横穿马路。

9）His appearance is against him.

【译文】他的外表对他不利。

10）He was helpless against such forces.

【译文】在这种暴力面前，他感到无助。

2．翻译下列句子，注意词义引申

1) He can mature alcohol electrically.

【译文】他很快能把酒酿成。

2) He had his ups and downs.

【译文】他一生多坎坷艰辛。

3) And I have an uneasy feeling he had something there.

【译文】我有一种不安的感觉,他的话不无道理。

4) He was watching me or something for an hour or two.

【译文】有一，两个小时,他大概一直留神看我。

5) Theory is something but practice is everything.

【译文】理论固然重要，实践更为重要。

6) In learning English, grammar is not everything.

【译文】学英语，光学语法是不行的。

7) Dust has a very important part to play in the work of nature.

【译文】灰尘对于自然界的变化起很大的作用。

8) Is Jane a possibility as a wife for Richard? (=a suitable person)

【译文】简是做理查德妻子的合适人选吗？

9) I was not one to let my heart rule my head.

【译文】我不是那种让感情支配理智的人。

10) She didn’t think of that the beautiful umbrella bought the day before should become a Helen of Troy in her family. Because of this she and her husband quarreled for a long time. 【译文】她没有料到前一天买的那把漂亮的雨伞竟成了祸端，她和丈夫为此吵了很久。3．翻译下列句子，注意词义褒贬

1）There is something behind, I think.

【译文】我看这里面有文章(名堂)。(贬)

2) They are nameless nothing.

【译文】他们是些无名之辈。(贬)

3) He is really something!

【译文】他真是个了不起的人!(褒)

4) She is as fair as Helen.

【译文】她是个绝世美人。(褒)

5) They predicted the youth would have a bright future.

【译文】他们说，这个年轻人会有一个锦绣前程。(褒)

6) The adoption of the new policies will surely lead to some striking results.

【译文】采取各项新的政策必将带来某些显著成果。(褒)

7) The enemy killed one of our comrades, and we killed an enemy agent.

【译文】敌人杀害了我们一位同志,(褒)我们宰了一个特务。(贬)

8) There would have been more painful result but for the drastic measures.

【译文】若不是采取了断然措施，那定会引起更痛苦的后果。(贬)

9) Mr Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture.

【译文】布朗先生接到作演讲的邀请，感到非常荣幸。(褒)

10) He thinks himself to be something, but actually he is nothing.

【译文】他自认为是个了不起的人，(褒)但实际上他是个小人物。(贬)

4. 短文翻译

About ten o’clock on the following morning, seedy and hungry, I was dragging myself along Portland Place, when a child that was passing, towed by a nurse-maid, tossed a luscious big pear—minus one bite —into the gutter. I stopped of course, and fastened my desiring eye on that muddy treasure. My mouth watered for it, my stomach craved it, my whole being begged for it.

【译文】第二天上午大约十点钟，我饿着肚子，狼狈不堪，正在波特兰路拖着脚步行走时，刚好有一个小孩子由保姆牵手走过，把一只美味的大梨扔到阴沟里——只咬过一口。不消说，我站住了，贪婪地盯着那个泥污了的宝贝。我垂涎欲滴，肚子咕咕直叫，全身心地在乞求它。

But every time I made a move to get it, some passing eye detected my purpose, and of course I straightened up then, and looked indifferent, and pretended that I hadn’t been thinking about the pear at all. This same thing kept happening and happening, and I couldn’t get the pear. I was just getting desperate enough to brave all the shame, and to seize it, when a window behind me ws raised, and a gentleman spoke out of it, saying: “Step in here, please.”(Mark Twain: The ?1,000,000 Bank-note)

【译文】可是我每次刚一动手想去取它，老是有过路人看出了我的企图，当然我就只好再把身子立直，显出若无其事的样子，假装根本就没有想到过那只梨。这情形老是一遍又一遍的重复，我始终无法把那只梨弄到手。后来我简直给搞得无可奈何，真想不顾一切体面，硬着头皮去拿它的时候，忽然我身后有一扇窗户打开了，一位先生从里面喊道：“请进来吧。”第六章综合练习及参考答案

1．运用歧义、双关翻译下列句子

1) Hugo is pulling a cart.

A. 雨果正在画一辆车。（drawing a picture of a cart）

B. 雨果正在拉车。

2) The girl saw the boy with the binoculars.

A. 女孩看见了那个带望远镜的男孩。（作定语）

B. 这个女孩用望远镜看见了那个男孩。（作状语）

3) Do you notice the old man smoking?

A. 你注意到那位老人在抽烟吗？

B. 你注意到那位抽烟的老人吗？

4) How do you know when there is wind?

A. 你怎么知道什么时候有风？（定语从句）

B. 有风的时候，你怎么知道呢？（状语从句）

5) The statistician studies the whole year.

A. 统计学家研究全年的情况。（宾语）

B. 统计学家一年到头进行研究。（状语）

6) Jack and Mary are married.

A. 杰克和玛丽结为夫妻。

B. 杰克和玛丽各自成婚。（Jack is married and so is Mary.）

7) I found her an entertaining woman.

A. 我为她找了一个女招待。

B. 我发现她是一个女招待

8) Visiting aunts is a bore. （动名词）

Visiting aunts are boring. （分词）

A. 看望姑妈令人厌烦。

B. 喜欢串门的姑妈真烦人。

9) There is a want of confidence in him.

A. 人们对他缺乏信心。

B. 他本人缺乏信心。

10) Mr. Flack told his brother that he must pay the bill.

A. 弗拉克先生对他弟弟说他必须付账单的钱。

B. 弗拉克先生对他弟弟说他必须付账单的钱。（“他”指弗拉克先生自己还是指他的弟弟？）

2．翻译下列词组和句子，注意矛盾修辞的运用

1) changelessly changing

【译文】始终如一，变化多端

2) a clever fool (a wise fool)

【译文】天生的傻瓜(聪明的傻瓜)

3) cruel kindness

【译文】害人的仁慈

4) fiend angelical

【译文】是天使，也是魔鬼

5) a damned saint

【译文】一个万恶的圣人

6) an honorable villain

【译文】一个庄严的奸徒

7) a victorious defeat

【译文】一个表面上的败仗，实际上的胜仗

8) bright smoke

【译文】黑烟发亮

9) heavy lightness

【译文】又重又轻

10）funny and annoying

【译文】滑稽烦人

3．翻译下列段落，注意平行结构的运用

I Have a Dream (Martin Luther King)

I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.

【译文】我有一个梦想

朋友们，今天我要告诉你们：尽管现在仍有许多困难挫折，我仍然怀有一个梦想。这是一个深深扎根于美国人梦想中的梦想。

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up, live up to the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal.”

【译文】

我有一个梦想，有一天这个国家将会站立起来。真正信守她立国的诺言：“我们坚信这条不言而喻的真理：人人生来平等”。

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave-owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.

我有一个梦想，有一天佐治亚州红土山岗上，昔日奴隶的儿子和昔日奴隶主的儿子将会像兄弟一样同桌而坐，共叙情谊。

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

我有一个梦想，有一天甚至密西西比这样一个不公正的狂热情绪使人透不过气来的地方也将会变成一块自由和公正的绿洲。

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character.

我有一个梦想，有一天我的四个孩子将生活在这样一个国家，将不再根据他们的肤色，而是根据他们的品德来评定他们的为人。

I have a dream today.

I have a dream that one day down in Alabama with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right down in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.

今天我有一个梦想！

我梦想有一天，尽管阿拉巴马州种族主义猖獗，尽管该州州长仍然满口异议，拒绝执行联邦法令，但有朝一日，那里的黑人男孩女孩能够与白人男孩女孩情同手足，携手并进。

I have a dream today.

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.

今天我有一个梦想！

我梦想有一天，深谷弥合，高山夷平，崎岖化为坦途，曲径变成通衢，上帝的光辉显现，让所有人类一起瞻仰。（完）

第七章综合练习及参考答案

1．用增补译法翻译下列句子

1）A knock at the door prevented me from answering his question.

【译文】因为有人敲门，我无法回答他的问题。

2）The widespread application of new and more complex products will give rise to side-effects.

【译文】由于广泛地应用更复杂的新产品，将产生一些副作用。

3）An intelligence test will allow us to predict the level of a student.

【译文】智力测验能预测学生的实际水平。

4）The sight of the orphan always reminds me of her parents.

【译文】我一见到那个孤儿，就想到他的父母。

5）In this mood, I went to diplomatic circles, earnest but only sketchingly informed.

【译文】我就是怀着这种心情进入外交界的，满腔热情，但知之甚少。

6）Her child, her work, her friends were more than enough to fill her time.

【译文】她照顾孩子，干工作，交朋友，这些占用了她的全部时间。

7）“I’ll make a doctor of him,” said Mrs. White.

【译文】“我一定要把他培养成一个高明的医生，”怀特太太说。

8）I like the place for the very reason that (=for which) you dislike it.

【译文】我喜欢那地方的原因恰恰是你不喜欢它的原因。

9）The old people, weary but excited, decided to have a rest.

【译文】这些老人，虽疲劳却兴致很高，他们决定休息一下。

10）He spoke hopefully of the success of the movement.

【译文】他满怀希望地说这场运动会取得成功。

11）These problems had to be weighed up under varying, sometimes uncertain factors.

【译文】这些问题必须根据变化着的因素，有时是捉摸不定的因素来进行全衡。

12）It was a splendid population—for all the slow, sleepy sluggish—brained sloths stayed at home.

【译文】这是一批迅速能干的人们，——因为那些行动迟缓、昏昏欲睡、呆若树獭的人都留在家里了。

13）Rubber is a light, elastic, durable and water resistant material, which makes rubber industry very important.

【译文】橡胶是一种质轻、富有弹性、经久耐用、并能防水的材料，这就使得橡胶工业显得非常重要。

14）There is a tide in the affairs not only of men, but of women too, which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune.

【译文】人生在世，有时会时来运转，只要抓住时机，就能有所作为，非但男人如此，女人也一样。

15）Although schoolmistresses’ letters are to be trusted no more nor less than churchyard epitaphs; yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs his 1ife, who is really deserving of all the praises the stone-cutter carves over his bones; who is a good Christian, a good parent, chi1d, wife or husband; who actually does leave a disconsolate family to morn his loss; …

【译文】尽管校长的信和墓志铭一样靠不住。不过偶然也有个把死人也当得起石匠刻在他们朽骨上的好话，虔诚的教徒，慈爱的父母，孝顺的儿女，尽职的丈夫，贤良的妻子，他们的家人也实实在在地、哀思绵绵地追悼他们。

2．用省略译法翻译下列句子

1)I’ve got the devil of a toothache.

【译文】我牙痛死了。

2) Water passes from a liquid to a solid state when it freezes.

【译文】水结冰就是从液态转变为固态。

3) The scenery was beautiful; and the acting was superb.

【译文】布景很美，演出很出色。

4) Listening to classical music is my cup of tea.

【译文】我最爱听古典音乐。

5) They don’t know their right hand from their left.

【译文】他们什么也不知道。

6) It’s an experience I wouldn’t trade for anything in the world.

【译文】这就是我最宝贵的一次经历。

7) In the course of the same year, war broke out in that area.

【译文】同年，该地区爆发了战争。

8) Before the night was far advanced, they began to move against the enemy.

【译文】入夜不久，他们开始进攻敌人。

9) The volume of the sun is about 1 300 000 times that of the earth.

【译文】太阳的体积约为地球的1,300,000倍。

10) It is now thought that the more work we give our brain, the more work they are able to do.

【译文】现在人们认为，脑子越用越好使。

11) Those were the days of innocence, when volunteers tended to be welcomed merely because they had volunteered.

【译文】那时人们的想法单纯得很，志愿参加的人都受到欢迎，只是因为他们是自愿的。

12) At the earliest opportunity he ordered the cavalry to ride out and clear the level ground in the occupation of the enemy.

【译文】他下令骑兵乘机出击平原上的敌人阵地。

13) …and as always happens with radios, just at the vital moment a crash and a bang and nothing could be understood and the broadcast ended.

【译文】收音机老出现这种情况：正在紧要关头，嘎啦一声，或是轰隆一响，什么都听不清楚，广播就完了。

14) Times were tough during the Depression, and there were five mouths to feed in my family, besides buying coal and wood for the strove.

【译文】那年头正值大萧条期，日子过得紧紧巴巴，我们家除了买煤买柴之外，还有五张嘴等着要吃饭。

15) She was lucky, for he had given her a gift more powerful than sight, the gift of love that can bring light where had been darkness.

【译文】她很幸运，因为他送给她的是一份比视力更能增添力量的礼物，这份礼物充满着爱意，可以使光明重现。

3. 段落翻译

When a person moves from one culture to another, he suddenly finds that much of what he has learned about interpreting the actions of people around him is suddenly irrelevant. He finds that the strategies he has used to influence people or events in certain ways are no longer effective, and the assumptions that guided his understandings and reactions are no longer reliable. Even distinguishing between the significant and the insignificant in a given situation becomes difficult, if not impossible.

【译文】当一个人从一种文化迁移到另一种文化时，会发现许多他曾用来解释周围人们行为的方法突然不再灵验。同时也会发现他曾用来影响人们的方法或处理事情的策略不再有效。曾有助于他理解事情并对事物做出反应的种种设想也不再可靠。甚至对事物在某一情

景中的重要性的判断也变得十分困难，也许丧失了这种判断力。

This sudden psychological transition from competent adult to ineffective child inevitably results in the serious impact of the individual’s feelings of selfworth. He experiences feelings of frustration and helplessness. In short, he experiences culture shock.

这种突然的心理转变，使一个心理健全的成年人变成一个无知的小孩，必然会对个人的自尊心产生严重的影响。使人感到灰心无助。说到底，这就是在经受文化冲击的洗礼。Culture shock is the result of the removal of the familiar. Suddenly the individual is faced with the necessity of working, commuting, studying, eating, shopping, relaxing, even sleeping, in an unfamiliar environment organized according to unknown rules. In mild form, culture shock shows itself in symptoms of fatigue, irritability and impatience. Being unable to interpret the situations in which they find themselves, people often believe they are being deliberately deceived or exploited by host-country nationals.

人们离开了所熟悉的一切，就会经历文化冲击。一个人突然置身于一个陌生的环境，所面对的工作、学习、旅行、饮食、购物、休闲以及睡眠等活动都会变得无所适从。轻微的文化冲击表现为疲倦，易怒和急躁。由于不能理解所面临的情形，人们经常认为所在国的当地人在有意欺骗或利用他们。

They tend to perceive rudeness where none is intended. Their efficiency and flexibility is often impaired and both work and family suffer. Some people may respond by developing negative stereotypes of the host culture, by refusing to learn the language and by mixing exclusively with people of their own cultural background. In extreme cases, rejection may be so complete that the individual returns immediately to their own culture, regardless of the cost in social, economic or personal terms. Alternatively, people may retreat into their own private world, either mentally or physically.

他们总觉得没得到应有的礼遇。其实，没有人故意这样做。一旦效率和适应性遭到削弱，他们的工作和生活都会受到较大的影响。因而有些人可能还会对所在国的文化产生偏见，拒绝学习其语言。他们的交往也仅仅限于那些来自本族文化的同胞。但对于那些经历极端文化冲击的人来讲，他们会完全拒绝新文化。不顾社会，经济或个人方面所付出的代价，固守自己的原有文化。甚至他们还可能从精神上或身体上与世隔绝，退缩到自己的个人世界里。

Physical symptoms of culture shock may include headaches, stomachaches, constant fatigue, difficulty in sleeping and a general feeling of uneasiness. Unfortunately, many doctors are unfamiliar with culture shock and attempt to treat the symptoms rather than the cause.

文化冲击的影响在身体方面的症状表现为头痛，胃痛，持续疲倦，失眠以及身体不适。遗憾的是，许多医生对文化冲击知之甚少，只能对病症治疗而不究其病因。

The important thing to recognize about culture shock is that it is universal. It is experienced to a greater or lesser degree by all those who move from one culture to another. Experiencing culture shock does not mean that an individual is inflexible or unadaptable. It does mean that recognition of its inevitability can lead to the development of steps to reduce its impact. 文化冲击现象相当普遍，只有认识了这一点，才能真正理解文化冲击。几乎所有从一种文化迁移到另一种文化的人都或多或少地经历过文化冲击。人们经历文化冲击并不意味着他们顽固不化或适应能力差。然而，只有明白了文化冲击是不可避免的，人们才能设法减少其负面影响。

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课程代码：0730090 第 1 页共 4 页出卷老师：万小磊广东******学院 201*-201*学年第二学期期末考核试卷适用年级、专业或班级：商英****班考试科目：英汉翻译基础（汉译英）（闭卷）（C 卷）总分：100分考试时间：90分钟一．Fill in the blanks （1 point for each blank ，6 points in total ） 1. 要胜任汉英翻译工作译者必须具备至少三种素养: 深厚的____________,广博的____________和高度的___________。 2. 以下各位分别提出了什么翻译标准? 刘重德___________, 傅雷________, 钱钟书___________。二. Choose one proper word to fill in the blanks. Use its plural when necessary. （2 points for each blank, 14 points in total ） 1. 心有余而力不足 One’s ability falls short of one’s _________________. 2. 您的建议我会永远铭记在心。I will always bear your advice in_____________. 3. 如果你忘了她的生日她会很伤心的。You’ll hurt her____________if you forget her birthday. 4. 居心叵测 to nurser evil__________________. 5. 得人心者得天下 Those who gain___________________among the people will gain the 系别班级学号姓名 - --------------- ---------- ------- ------- -------- -- - --- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - - -- -- -- -- ----- - --- - -- -- -装订线 - ------- ---- - -- -- -- -- - - -- -- -- -- -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- ----- ---- - -- -- -- - - -- -- -- -- ----------------

英语翻译练习题20篇及解析

英语翻译练习题20篇及解析一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brakes. 1．网球运动在上海越来越流行了。（popular） 2．我认为你们的建议和他们的一样有价值。（as…as） 3．只喝一杯咖啡就会使我整晚睡不着。（keep） 4．为了纪念那些勇敢的消防战士，一部电影即将开拍。（memory） 5．过了三天她才想起把雨衣忘在语言实验室了。（remember） 6．尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，试试救援。（despite）【答案】 1．Tennis is getting more and more popular in Shanghai. 2．I think your suggestion is as valuable as theirs. 3．Drinking only a cup of coffee will keep me awake all night. 4．A film will be made/ shot in memory of those brave fire fighters. 5．It was three days later that she remembered leaving/having left her raincoat in the language lab. 6．Despite the high mountains and thick forests, the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue/to carry out the rescue. 【解析】【分析】翻译题要力争做到译文的正确、准确、地道三个要求。正确就是译文没有明显的语言错误，准确是指考生能运用合适的词汇和句式完整的表述原意，地道是指译文不但无语言错误，而且用此选句符合英语习惯，意义表达生动灵活。所以，做翻译题时要综合运用词句知识，注意词汇的习惯搭配和句子时态、语态、人称和句式的选择。 1．表示“越来越……”，英语的表达方式为“比较级+and+比较级用于进行时里中。 2．表示“与……一样……”应该用“as+ adj./adv原级+as…”结构。 3．本句要注意两点：1. 动名词用作主语的用法；2. keep + sb./sth. + adj (做宾补)使……保持某种状态。 4．“为了纪念……”应选用“in the memory of”固定短语来表达。 5．解答本题要注意两点：1. 强调句型的运用；2. remember doing sth.记住做过某事。6．本句较为复杂，除了掌握despite作为介词可以接名词构成介词短语作状语外，还要注意句中谓语动词的准确选择和时态的确定，最后还要注意“实施援救”这一目的状语的表达。 2．高中英语翻译题：翻译句子 1．只有当我们了解了不同的肢体语言我们才可以很好地跟人们交流。(only＋状语从句) ________________________________________________________________________

英语期末考试翻译句子

Unit1 A new study shows that dogs can detect if someone has cancer just by sniffing the person’s breath. Ordinary household dogs with only a few weeks of basic training learn to accurately distinguish between breath samples of lung- and breast-cancer patients and healthy subjects.One expert, who led the research, said, “Our study provides compelling evidence that cancers hidden beneath the skin can be detected simply by (dogs’) examining the odors of a person’s breath.” Early detection of cancers greatly improves a patient’s survival chances, and researchers hope that man’s best friend, the dog, can become an important tool in early screening. Unit 2 A research team recently replicated a bacterium’s genetic structure entirely from l aboratory chemicals, moving one step closer to creating the world’s first artificial organism. The researchers said, “It’s the second step of a three-step process to create a synthetic organism. But the final step could prove far more difficult.” Nonetheless, the research is pushing forward at a rapid pace. Last June, the team revealed details of an experiment in which researchers inserted the DNA of one species of bacterium into the cells of another. That process almost magically booted up the inserted genome. The research team hopes to use a similar trick to boot up the artificially created genome, so as to create a man-made living organism. Unit 3 In recent years, the psychologists from many countries banded together to do a research which indicated that continued income growth could make people apply themselves to an ongoing consumption race rather than promote overall happiness. Everyone has to spend more and more money in order to maintain a constant level of happiness. This is because our vanity and jealousy are functioning . The way to sort out them out is to cultivate the noble sentiment of being considerate and serving the society. People shouldn’t pin all their hopes on money. Instead , friends, family and work are also playing a very improtant role . Therefore, hapiness is not an inborn trait, but a talent which everyone can learn. Unit 4 I used to feel excited at teaching my students the elegant economic theories that could supposedly cure societal problems of all types. But what is the good of all my complex theories when people were dying of starvation on the sidewalks and porches across from my lecture hall? My lessons were like the American movies where the good guys always win. But when I emerged from the comfort of the classroom, I was faced with the reality of the city streets. Here good guys were mercilessly beaten and trampled. Daily life ws getting worse, and the poor were growing even poorer. Unit 5 No one thought that shy little Einstein would grow up to a prominent scientist. He was slow in learning to speak, and he often paused to consider what he would say during a conversation.In school, Albert Einstein was singled out by his teachers as a troublesome child because he liked to ask difficult strange questions. He did not like to memorize facts and rules, but was interested in what lay below the surface of things. When he was four or five years old, for instance, his father gave him a compass. Little Einstein was curious about the mysterious force that could keep a compass needle always pointing north, which prompted him to read widely in science. His real studies were mostly done at home by reading books on mathematics, physics, and philosophy. Unit 6 Most Americans have great vigor and enthusiasm. They prefer to discipline themselves rather than be disciplined by others. They pride themselves on their independence, their right to make their own minds. They tend to take the initiatives, even when there is a risk in doing so. They have courage and do not give in easily. They are considered sentimental. When they see a flag on ceremonial occasions, or attend parades celebrating Ame rica’s glorious past, tears may come to their eyes. They tend to be emotional at the reunions with family and friends, too. Sometimes, they can laugh at themselves and their country, while they will always remain intensely patriotic.