考研英语阅读理解精读100篇_Unit2

新东方出版的考研英语阅读理解精读100篇共有25个单元，本文档包含第二个单元，更多英语考研信息请点击

UNIT TWO

TEXT ONE

The bride and groom, a guitar-wielding rock vixen and a muscle-rippling

dragon-slayer, make an odd couple—so it is hardly surprising that nobody expected their marriage. But on December 2nd the video-game companies behind “Guitar Hero” and “World of Warcraft”, Activision and Vivendi Games respectively, announced plans for an elaborate merger. Vivendi, a French media group, will pool its games unit, plus $1.7 billion in cash, with Activision; the combined entity will then offer to buy back shares from Activision shareholders, raising Vivendi's stake in the resulting firm to as much as 68%.

Activision's boss, Bobby Kotick, will remain at the helm of the new company, to be known as Activision Blizzard in recognition of Vivendi's main gaming asset: its subsidiary Blizzard Entertainment, the firm behind “World of Warcraft”, an online swords-and-sorcery game with 9.3m subscribers. The deal was unexpected, but makes excellent strategic sense, says Piers Harding-Rolls of Screen Digest, a consultancy. Activision has long coveted“World of Warcraft”, and Vivendi gets a bigger games division and Activision's talented management team to run it. As well as making sense for both parties, the $18.9 billion deal—the biggest ever in the video-games industry—says a lot about the trends now shaping the business.

The first is a push into new markets, especially online multiplayer games, which are particular ly popular in Asia, and “casual” games that appeal to people who do not regard themselves as gamers. “World of Warcraft” is the world's most popular online subscription-based game and is hugely lucrative. Blizzard will have revenues of $1.1 billion this ye ar and operating profits of $520m. “World of Warcraft” is really “a social network with many entertainment components,” says Mr Kotick.

Similarly, he argues, “Guitar Hero” and other games that use new kinds of controller, rather than the usual buttons and joysticks, are broadening the appeal of gaming by emphasising its social aspects, since they are easy to pick up and can be played with friends. Social gaming, says Mr Kotick, is “the most powerful trend” building new audiences for the industry. He is clearly excited at the prospect of using Blizzard's expertise to launch an online version of “Guitar Hero” for Asian markets. Online music games such as “Audition Online”, which started in South Korea, are “massive in Asia,” says Mr Harding-Rolls.

A second trend is media groups' increasing interest in gaming. Vivendi owns Universal Music, one of the “big four” record labels. As the record industry's sales decline, it makes sense to move into gaming, a younger, faster-growing medium with plenty of cross-marketing opportunities. (Activision might raid Universal's back catalogue for material for its music games, for example, which might in turn boost music sales.) Other media groups are going the same way. Last year Viacom, an American media giant,

acquired Harmo nix, the company that originally created “Guitar Hero”. It has been promoting its new game, “Rock Band”, using its MTV music channel. Viacom has also created online virtual worlds that tie in with several of its television programmes, such as “Laguna Beach” and “Pimp My Ride”. Disney bought Club Penguin, a virtual world for children, in August. And Time Warner is involved in gaming via its Warner Bros Home Entertainment division, which publishes its own titles and last month bought TT Games, the British fir m behind the “Lego Star Wars” games.

1. The merger of these two companies are out of expection because_____

[A] they aim to design marriage games which sound really weird.

[B] it is difficult for big companies of two different nations to end up in successful cooperation.

[C] their games are by no means similar to each other in terms of their styles.

[D] it would be illegal for them to buy back the shares.

2. Why Piers Harding-Rolls thinks this marriage has strategic sense?

[A] Activision has been longing to cooperate with “World of Warcraft”.

[B] Vivendi could get bigger portion and better management resources from Activision.

[C] This deal is beneficial to both sides for they can combine their talents to make various games. [D] This deal make them become decisive factor of this industry’s trend in the future.

3. The word “lucrative” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means_____

[A] profitable.

[B] luxurious.

[C] entertaining.

[D] populous.

4. The first trend shaping the industry is _____

[A] pushing people online to develop their own games.

[B] building new audiences for the new network of games.

[C] promoting games with new kinds of controller.

[D] expanding the reign of traditional games and creating new market.

5.From the two trends we can infer

that_____

[A] this merger is a great success because it goes along with both trends. [B] this deal can strengthen both parties to surpass the other media giants.

[C] this allied group is powerful enough to shape the industry’s trends.

[D] it is indeed of strategic sense to have initiate and carry out the merger.

篇章剖析：

本篇文章讲述了两个游戏公司Activision和Vivendi的“联姻”。第一段讲述两个公司的结合令人吃惊以及他们的联姻方式；第二段讲述这次联姻具有一定的战略意义；第三段和第四段讲述他们结合后塑造的第一个行业发展趋势；第五段讲述第二个发展趋势。

词汇注释：

wield v. 操纵，熟练掌握vixen n. 泼妇, 悍妇, 刁妇

slayer n. 杀人者, 凶手stake n. 股份

helm n. 领导或支配地位in recognition of 承认……而; 为酬答……而covet v. 垂涎, 觊觎lucrative adj. 获利的，赚钱的

joystick n. 操纵杆tie in结合成一体

难句突破：

(1)Activision's boss, Bobby Kotick, will remain at the helm of the new company, to be

known as Activision Blizzard in recognition of Vivendi's main gaming asset: its subsidiary Blizzard Entertainment, the firm behind “World of Warcraft”, an online swords-and-sorcery game with 9.3m subscribers.

[主体句式] Activision’s boss will remain at the helm.

[结构分析]这个一个简单句，具有复杂的表语。表语是由一个固定介词短语充当，介词的宾语比较复杂，带有复杂的修饰成分。to be known as…是作the new company的定语，冒号后面的成分

是用来说明main gaming asset的，可以看作是同位语；冒号后面的成分

中，后面两个短语都是前面一个的同位语，用来对Blizzard Entertainment作进一步的解释。

(2)Similarly, he argues, “Guitar Hero” and other games that use new kinds of controller,

rather than the usual buttons and joysticks, are broadening the appeal of gaming by emphasising its social aspects, since they are easy to pick up and can be played with friends.

[主体句式] He argues, “Guitar Hero” and other games are broadening the appeal… since…[结构分析]这是一个简单句，argues后面是宾语从句，结构比较复杂，带有原因状语从句。宾语从句的主语有that引导的定语从句，by emphasising its social aspects是方式状语修饰are broadening …。

[句子译文]同样的，他说，“吉他英雄”和其他游戏也没有用普通的按钮和操作杆，而是使用了新式控制器，通过重点强调其社会性的特点来增加游戏的吸引力，因为这些游戏很容易就可以开始，而且可以和朋友一起玩。

[答案] C

[难度系数] ☆ [分析]

细节题。文章开头就用形象的比喻说明这两家公司的结合很奇怪，挥舞着吉他的摇滚悍妇和一身肌肉的杀

龙者是两家公司研发的不同的游戏的风格代表，因此是因为他们研发产品截然不同才令这次联合让人大吃

一惊。因此，C 为正确答案。A 选项有一定的迷惑性，但是要注意到文中第一段的marriage 不

是“结婚”的意思，而是“合并、合作”的意思。B 和D 选项都与原文意思无关。

[答案]D

[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

[分析]推理题。Piers 认为这项交易的达成有重大的战略意义，那么应该是对未来有一定的意义。紧接着

就说Activision 已经觊觎“战舰世界”很久了，而且Vivendi 公司也

可以获得对本公司有利的帮助，而更

重要的是它们从此后将对本行业发展潮流有着决定作用。因此，比较而言，答案D 最佳。

[答案]A

[分析]

猜词题。根据上下文来判断该词的意思，上文是说“战舰世界”是世界上最流行的基于网上注册的游戏，而下文说的是“暴风雪”今年可以赢利的数额，那么可以大致推断是关于“战舰世界”盈利方面的，答案A

最为符合。D选项populous 与popular意思不同，但从字面上看有一定迷惑性，需要加强对形似单词的区分能力。

[答案]D

[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

[分析]细节题。第三段和第四段讲述了塑造该产业的第一个趋势，其中第三段第一句话就提到了这一点，就是推进新的领域，包括传统的游戏和新开发的游戏，尤其是多人游戏和休闲游戏。接下来提到的社交性游戏等等都是为了说明这一点，因此，选项D是正确答案。A选项指出让玩家自己来开发游戏，这显然是超出很多人的能力的，因此是不现实的。B选项表示只是第一个趋势中的部分内容，其概述不如D选项更加

全面。

[分析] 推理题。文章讲述了该产业的两个发展趋势，提及这两个趋势是由皮尔斯的一番话引起的，他认为这次联姻具有战略意义，189亿美元的成交足可以决定该行业的新趋势。那么紧接着讲述这两个趋势其实就是事实上的证明，因此，答案D最符合题意。A选项首先表述错误，因为现在没有人能够预言这项合作是否是一个成功。同时，B和C选项的表述过于夸大，不符合文章的客观语调。

参考译文：

新娘是挥舞着吉他的摇滚悍妇，新郎是一身肌肉的杀龙者，这一对实在古怪，也怪不得没有人相信他们能结合在一起。但是12月2日，“吉他英雄”和“战舰世界”的两个视频游戏公司——Activision和Vivendi公司宣布了他们的精心策划的联姻。Vivendi是一家法国媒体公司，它准备将自己的游戏单元以及17亿美元现金注入到Activision公司。联合体自后再从Activision 股东那里买回股份，将Vivendi在联合公司的股份提到到68%。

新公司仍由Activision公司老总Bobby Kotick来执舵，新公司名为“Activision 暴风雪”，取这个名字是为了酬谢Vivendi注入的主要的游戏资产——子公司“暴风雪娱乐”，该公司属于“战舰世界”，是一个拥有930万注册者的在线“剑与巫术”游戏。这笔生意出乎大家意料，但却有非凡的战略意义，Screen Digest的顾问Piers Harding-Rolls这样说。Activision 对“战舰世界”已经觊觎很久，而Vivendi公司也因此获得了更大的游戏份额，拥有Activision公司优秀的管理团队来为之运营。同样对双方有利的是，189亿美元的交易是视频游戏产业中最大的，因此其决策将对未来该产业的发展趋势起着举足轻重的作用。

第一个趋势是推进新的市场，尤其在风靡于亚洲的在线多人游戏领域和“休闲游戏”，这种游戏对那些不把自己当玩游戏的人有吸引力。“战舰世界”是全球最流行的在线注册游戏，盈利巨大。“暴风雪”今年收入将达11亿美元，操作利润就有5.2亿美元。Kotick 先生评价说，“战舰世界”是真正的“拥有众多娱乐成分的交际性网络”。

同样的，他说，“吉他英雄”和其他游戏也没有用普通的按钮和操作杆，而是使用了新式控制器，通过重点强调其交际性的特点来增加游戏的吸引力，因为这些游戏很容易就可以上手，而且可以和朋友一起玩。Kotick 先生说，交际游戏是为这个产业创造新玩家的“最强大的趋势”。很明显，他谈到利用“暴风雪”的技术来向亚洲市场推行“吉他英雄”在线版的前景时十分兴奋。Harding-Rolls说，像最先开始于韩国的“在线试听”这样的在线音乐游戏“在亚洲占有相当大的份额”。

第二种趋势就是媒体集团在游戏方面兴趣不断增加。Vivendi拥有“四大”唱片之一的“全球音乐”。由于唱片行业销售衰退，它就转向游戏，这是更为年轻且成长迅速的一种媒介，拥有很多跨市场型的机遇。（比如Activision 可能就要从“全球音乐”曲目中为自己的音乐游戏搜索一些素材，而这样反过来又促进了唱片的销售。）其他的媒体集团也大体一样。去年，美国媒体巨头Viacom收购了Harmonix公司——“吉他巨人”最初就是由该公司创造出来的。目前它利用自己的MTV音乐频道推展新游戏——“摇滚乐队”。Viacom还创造了在线虚拟世界，这个游戏和几个电视频道如“Laguna Beach”、“Pimp My Ride”取得了联合。迪斯尼也于八月份购买了“企鹅俱乐部”，这是专门为孩子创造的虚拟世界。华纳时代通过其华纳兄弟家庭娱乐公司也涉足游戏业，该公司出版了自己的名称，并于上个月收购了TT 游戏公司（该公司为“Lego 星际争霸”游戏旗下的英国公司）。

TEXT TWO

The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck, on show in the final leg of a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburg and The Hague, may come as a surprise to many. Few outside the Nordic world would recognise the work of this Finnish artist who died in 1946. More people should. The 120 works have at their core 20 self-portraits, half the number she painted in all. The first, dated 1880, is of a wide-eyed teenager eager to absorb everything. The last is a sighting of the artist's ghost-to-be; Schjerfbeck died the year after it was made. Together this series is among the most moving and accomplished autobiographies-in-paint.

Precociously gifted, Schjerfbeck was 11 when she entered the Finnish Art Society's drawing school. “The Wounded Warrior in the Snow”, a history painting, was bought by a private collector and won her a state travel grant when she was 17. Schjerfbeck studied in Paris, went on to Pont-Aven, Brittany, where she painted for a year, then to Tuscany, Cornwall and St Petersburg. During her 1887 visit to St Ives, Cornwall, Schjerfbeck painted “The Convalescent”. A child wrapped in a blanket sits propped up in a large wicker chair, toying with a sprig. The picture won a bronze medal at the 1889 Paris World Fair and was bought by the Finnish Art Society. To a modern eye it seems almost sentimental and is redeemed only by the somewhat stunned, melancholy expression on the child's face, which may have been inspired by Schjerfbeck's early experiences. At four, she fell down a flight of steps and never fully recovered.

In 1890, Schjerfbeck settled in Finland. Teaching exhausted her, she did not like the work of other local painters, and she was further isolated when she took on the care of her mother (who lived until 1923). “If I allow myself the freedom to live a secluded life”, she wrote, “then it is because it has to be that way.” In 1902, Schjerfbeck and her mother settled in the small, ind ustrial town of Hyvinkaa, 50 kilometres north of Helsinki. Isolation had one desired effect for it was there that Schjerfbeck became a modern painter. She produced still lives and landscapes but above all moody yet incisive portraits of her mother, local school girls, women workers in town (profiles of a pensive, aristocratic looking seamstress dressed in black stand out). And of course she painted herself. Comparisons have been made with James McNeill Whistler and Edvard Munch. But from 1905, her pictures became pure Schjerfbeck.

“I have always searched for the dense depths of the soul, that have not yet discovered themselves”, she wrote, “where everything is still unconscious—there one can make the greatest discoveries.” She experimented with different ki nds of underpainting, scraped and rubbed, made bright rosy red spots; doing whatever had to be done to capture the subconscious—her own and that of her models. In 1913, Schjerfbeck was rediscovered by an art dealer and journalist, Gosta Stenman. Once again she was a success. Retrospectives, touring exhibitions and a biography followed, yet Schjerfbeck remained little known outside Scandinavia. That may have had something to do with her indifference to her renown. “I am nothing, absolutely nothing”, she wrote. “All I want to do is paint”. Schjerfbeck was possessed of a unique vision, and it is time the world recognised that.

1.Schjerfbeck’s paintings may come as a

surprise to many because_____

[A] her paintings are rarely known outside the Nordic world.

[B] her paintings have never been on show out of the Nordic world [C] her paintings have the power to haunt people whoever have seen them.

[D] her paintings focus on supernatural elements such as ghosts.

2.Which of the following is TRUE according

to the passage?

[A] “The Convalescent”is in fact a portrait of Schjerfbeck in her childhood.

[B] “The Convalescent”is a reflection of Schejerfbeck’s sentimental childhood.

[C] “The Convalescent” is made as a result of an accident in Schejerfbeck’s childhood.

[D] “The Convalescent”is featured by the child’s stunned, melancholy expression. 3．Schejerbeck chose to live a secluded life mainly because of ____

[A] she was exhausted by her teaching job.

[B] her personality prefers this kind of style.

[C] she could not appreciate the work of the other local painters.

[D] her mother’s health condition required her to adopt such a life style.

4．Schjerfbeck remained little known outside the Nordic world probably because_____ [A] she did not make efforts to publicize her works.

[B] she knew that her works would gain worldwide recognition one day.

[C] she only cared about her painting instead of personal fame.

[D] the last thing she was interested in was to have people disturb her.

5. We can infer from the passage that the most outstanding characteristics of Schjerfbeck’s paintings is_____

[A] her vivid characterization of common people.

[B] her capture of the characters’ soul.

[C] the melancholy expression of the characters.

[D] her unconscious sense of some mysterious elements.

篇章剖析：

这篇文章介绍了画家Schejerfbeck的创作经历。第一段先由画展引出本文的主人公Schejerfbeck来；第二段讲述Schejerfbeck早期的创作经历和成绩；第三段讲述Schejerfbeck创作如何成熟的；第四段讲述Schejerfbeck创作的体会和特点。

词汇注释：

haunting adj不易忘怀的，常浮现在心头的leg n. 最后一程

precociously adv. 过早地convalescent n.恢复期病人; adj. 恢复期的;渐愈的redeem v. 弥补，补救sprig n. 植物的小枝

incisive adj. 尖刻的moody adj. 喜怒无常的, 忧悒

pensive adj. 沉思的seamstress n. 女裁缝

难句突破:

(1)The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck, on show in the final leg of a travelling tour that

has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburg and The Hague, may come as a surprise to many.

[主体句式] The haunting paintings may come as a surprise to many.

[结构分析] 这是一个简单句，主语有一个比较复杂的介词短语作定语on show…，在这个介词短语中，充当状语的介词短语中介词的宾语带有以that引导的定语从句。

[句子译文] Helene Schjerfbeck那些让人不易忘怀的画在这次巡展最后的展出将会给人带来许多惊喜，而其实这次巡展已经吸引了汉堡和海牙成千上万的游客。

(2)To a modern eye it seems almost sentimental and is redeemed only by the somewhat stunned,

melancholy expression on the child's face, which may have been inspired by Schjerfbeck's early experiences.

[主体句式] It seems almost sentimental and is redeemed only by …

[结构分析] 这是一个并列句，第二个分句的状语比较复杂，介词短语的宾语expression带有一个由which引导的非限定性定语从句。

[句子译文] 在现代人看来这幅画仿佛是感伤的，只有孩子有点发呆、忧郁的表情算是一点缓和。这可能是Schjerfbeck小时候的经历触发而创作的。

[难度系数] ☆☆

[分析] 推理题。文章第一段提到，Schejerfbeck作品巡回展在德国和海牙吸引了好多人，大部分人看到她的作品都会吃惊，紧接着就说日耳曼世界之外很少有人见过她的作品，但是她的作品理应受到更多人的观赏。可以推测，她的作品是比较优秀的作品，但因为大多数人从没见过，第一次看到会感觉震惊。因此，主要原因是日耳曼世界之外很少有人知道她的作品。B选项显然与原文不符，因为她的作品在日耳曼之外的地区也展示过。C和D只是片面概括了她作品的一些特点，并不符合题意。

[难度系数] ☆☆☆

[分析] 细节题。题目是有关Schejerfbeck早期作品“正在康复的人”，文中提到从现代人的角度看，这幅作品比较感伤，只是孩子有点发呆、忧郁的表情稍微缓和了这种情绪，这幅作品可能是受其儿童时期经历的影响才创作的，因为她小时候从楼梯上摔了下来。因此，四个选项中，A 并不是她的自画像；B 这幅画并不是要表现她感伤的儿童时代，只是儿童时期经历过一次意

[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

[分析] 细节题。Schejerfbeck选择了过隐居生活，这在文章第二段中有具体描述。首先她厌倦了教授绘画的工作，也不喜欢当地其他画家的作品，再加上她负担起照顾母亲的责任，她就最终选择了隐居，她自己提到这个时说：“如果我允许自己选择了一种隐居地生活，那是因为事情只能如此。”分析她隐居的原因，最主要的还是前两个，一个是厌倦了绘画工作，一个是不喜欢当

[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

[分析] 细节题。文章最后一段提到，虽然有作品回顾展、巡回展出、传记，但是在斯堪的纳维亚半岛之外很少有人知道她。这也许和她对声望不予理会有关。“我不是什么名人，绝对不是，”她这样写道，“我需要的只是绘画。”文章强调她只关心绘画，不关心自己的名望，这是她不是很出名的主要原因。因此，C为正确答案。A和D都是她的一些行为，这些行为归根结底的原

[难度系数] ☆☆☆

[分析] 推理题。关于Schejerfbeck作品的特点，文章并没有直接提及，但是可以从字里行间判断出来。Schejerfbeck的作品主要是人物，在最后一段中提到她为了把握人物灵魂深处，运用了各种手段，可见，她作品的主要特点在于她对人物灵魂的把握，答案B正确。A和C都是她画作的一些表面特点，而其最根本特点还是在于抓住了人物的灵魂。D选项的表述虽然也是特点之一，但是也还是为B选项服务的。

参考译文:

Helene Schjerfbeck那些让人不易忘怀的画在这次巡展最后的展出将会给人带来许多惊喜，而其实这次巡展已经吸引了汉堡和海牙成千上万的游客。日耳曼世界之外很少会有人认出这位于1946年去世的芬兰艺术家的作品来，但更多的人应该认出她的作品。在这120幅作品中有20幅是她的自画像，这是她所有创作的自画像的一半。第一副创作于1880年，是渴望吸收一切的一个大眼睛少女，而最后一幅是艺术家即将成为鬼魂的一幕，而她正是在这幅作品创作完毕后的那年去世的。这个系列是最生动、最完美的自画像之一。

Schjerfbeck少年就富有天赋，11岁就进入了芬兰艺术协会的绘画学校。“雪中受伤的战士”是一幅历史画，由一位私人收藏家买走，这使得她在17岁就赢得了可以环游整个国家的资金。她在巴黎学习，后来又到不列塔尼的Pont-Aven，在那里她画了一年，随后又去了托斯卡纳区、康沃尔和圣彼得堡。1887年访问康沃尔的圣艾夫斯期间，她创作了“正在康复的病人”——裹着一条毯子的一个小孩靠着一把大柳条椅坐着，手里玩着一个小树枝。这幅作品在1889年巴黎世界展览上赢得了铜牌，并被芬兰艺术协会买走。在现代人看来这幅画仿佛是感伤的，只有孩子有点发呆、忧郁的表情算是一点缓和。这可能是Schjerfbeck小时候的经历触发而创作的。她4岁时从楼梯上摔了下来，后来再没有痊愈过。

1890年，Schjerfbeck在芬兰定居。她厌烦了教学生涯，她不喜欢其他当地画家的作品，而后来当她开始照顾她母亲（活到1923年）时就变得更孤立了。“如果我允许自己选择了一种隐居地生活”她写道，“那是因为事情只能这样。”1902年，Schjerfbeck和她母亲定居在工业小镇Hyvinkaa，在赫尔辛基北面50公里的地方。

不过与世隔绝倒是有一种理想的效果，因为就是在那里Schjerfbeck转变为一名现代画家。依旧，她画了许多静止的生命和景物，但最重要的是画了她那忧悒、尖刻的母亲，还有当地上学的女孩、小镇上的女工人（其中一位穿黑衣的、沉思的、具有贵族气质的女裁缝师的侧面像最为突出）。当然她还画了自己。人们将她的画和James McNeill Whistler、Edward Munch的做对比，但从1905年开始，她的作品变成纯粹的Schjerfbeck风格：

“我一直在寻找灵魂的最深处，但是它们还是没有找到自己，”她这样写道，“哪里有无意识的东西，哪里们就有最伟大的发现。”她尝试着使用了不同的画底色，刮了，擦了，画出了明亮的玫瑰红点；她做了一切自己能做的去捕捉潜意识——她自己的，还有她的那些模特的。1913年，Schjerfbeck被一位艺术商人兼记者Gosta Stenman重新发现。这一次她又成功了。作品回顾展、巡回展出，接着是一部传记，但是在斯堪的纳维亚半岛之外很少有人知道她。这也许和她对声望不予理会有关。“我不是什么名人，绝对不是，”她这样写道，“我需要的只是绘画。”Schjerfbeck有独特的眼光，现在是全世界该认识她的时候了。

TEXT THREE

When Catholic clergy or “pro-life” politicians argue that abortion laws should be tightened, they do so in the belief that this will reduce the number of terminations. Yet the largest global study of abortion ever undertaken casts doubt on that simple proposition. Restricting abortions, the study says, has little effect on the number of pregnancies terminated. Rather, it drives women to seek illegal, often unsafe backstreet abortions leading to an estimated 67,000 deaths a year. A further 5m women require hospital treatment as a result of botched procedures.

In Africa and Asia, where abortion is generally either illegal or restricted, the abortion rate in 2003 (the latest year for which figures are available) was 29 per 1,000 women aged 15-44. This is almost identical to the rate in Europe—28—where legal abortions are widely available. Latin America, which has some of the world's most restrictive abortion laws, is the region with the highest abortion rate (31), while western Europe, which has some of the most liberal laws, has the lowest (12).

The study, carried out by the Guttmacher Institute in New York in collaboration with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and published in a British medical journal, the Lancet, found that most abortions occur in developing countries—35m a year, compared with just 7m in rich countries. But this was largely a reflection of population size. A woman's likelihood of having an abortion is similar whether she lives in a rich country (26 per 1,000) or a poor or middle-income one (29).

Lest it be thought that these sweeping c ontinental numbers hide as much as they reveal, the same point can be made by looking at those countries which have changed their laws. Between 1995 and 2005, 17 nations liberalised abortion legislation, while three tightened restrictions. The number of induced abortions nevertheless declined from nearly 46m in 1995 to 42m in 2003, resulting in a fall in the worldwide abortion rate from 35 to 29. The most dramatic drop—from 90 to 44—was in former communist Eastern Europe, where abortion is generally legal, safe and cheap. This coincided with a big increase in

contraceptive use in the region which still has the world's highest abortion rate, with more terminations than live births.

The risk of dying in a botched abortion is only part of a broader problem of maternal health in poor countries. Of all the inequalities of development, this is arguably the worst. According to a report published this week by Population Action International, a Washington-based lobby group, women in poor countries are 250 times more likely to die in pregnancy or childbirth than women in rich ones. （2）Of the 535,000 women who died in childbirth or from pregnancy-related complications in 2005, 99% were in developing countries, according to another report by a group of UN agencies, including WHO, also out this week. Africa accounted for more than half such deaths.As the UN report noted, countries with the highest levels of maternal mortality have made the least progress towards reducing it. A woman in Africa has a one in 16 chance of dying in pregnancy or childbirth, compared with one in 3,800 for a woman in the rich world.

1. The word “botched” (Line 5, Paragraph

1) most probably means_____

[A] awkward.

[B] wrong.

[C] backward. [D] bungled

2.The fact that the abortion rate in Africa and Asia in 2003 is almost identical to that in Europe implies that_____.

[A] the abortion rate has nothing to do with a country’s national wealth.

[B] the abortion rate has nothing to do with a country’s restricting measures on abortion.

[C] the abortion rate cannot be lowered through the legal measures.

[D] the abortion rate cannot be lowered by the implement of tightened abortion laws.

3. The conclusion of the study can be proved by the following proofs offered in the passage except that _____

[A] the abortion rate in countries with strict aboriton laws is higher than that of the counties with liberal laws.

[B] there are much more abortions occuring in developing countries than in developed countries. [C] there was a dramatic drop in former communist Easter Europe between 1995 and 2005.

[D] there was a big increase in contraceptive use in the region which still has the world’s highest abortion rate between 1995 and 2005.

4. Women in poor countries are much more likely dying in childbirth or pregnancy than women in rich countires because of _____ [A] botched procedures of abortion in poor countries.

[B] inequalities of development between rich and poor countries.

[C] ignorance of and little emphasis on the maternal health in poor countries.

[D] strict abortion laws in poor countries.

5. The passage is mainly about_____

[A] a study on the aborition rate between developed and developing countries.

[B] a study on the aborition laws in different countries.

[C] a study on the general maternal health condition in different countries.

[D] a study on the influence of the aboriton laws on the abortion rate.

文章剖析

这篇文章介绍了严格限制堕胎的法律对堕胎率的实际影响。文章第一段提出一项全球调查表明限制堕胎对降低堕胎率影响很小；第二段给出一些数据说明严格的堕胎法律不能降低堕胎率，反而起到相反作用；第三段指出大部分堕胎发生在发展中国家；第四段用另外一组数据说明了堕胎法与堕胎率的关系；第五段是一个引申，引申到贫穷国家妇女健康问题。

词汇注释:

botch v. 做得拙劣lest conj.以免, 免得

sweeping adj. 范围广大的, 总括的; 笼统的contraceptive n. 避孕用具

难句突破：

(1)The study, carried out by the Guttmacher Institute in New York in collaboration with

the World Health Organisation (WHO) and published in a British medical journal, the Lancet, found that most abortions occur in developing countries—35m a year,

compared with just 7m in rich countries.

[主体句式] The study found that…

[结构分析]这是一个复合句，其主语的定语为两个并列的分词短语：carried out by…和published in…，而宾语从句中破折号后面的成分可以看作是补语。

[句子译文]这项研究由纽约的Guttmacher研究所和世界卫生组织合作进行，发表于英国医疗期刊Lance t上，该研究发现大多数堕胎都发生在发展中国家，一年大约有3500万例，而在富裕国家中一年只有700万例。

(2)Of the 535,000 women who died in childbirth or from pregnancy-related complications in

2005, 99% were in developing countries, according to another report by a group of UN

agencies, including WHO, also out this week.

[主体句式] 99% were in developing country.

[结构分析] 这是一个复合句，由of构成的介词短语是句子主语的定语，该介词短语中有一个who引导的定语从句修饰名词women；according to构成的介词短语是句子的状语，在该状语中also out this week是report的补语。

[句子译文]

而根据本周联合国机构（包括世界卫生组织）的一个组织的另外一个报道，2005年死于生产或怀孕相关并发症的53万5千名妇女中，99%是在发展中国家。

题目分析：

[答案]D

[难度系数] ☆☆☆ [分析]猜词题。根据上下文，限制流产会逼迫妇女去进行一些非法的、不安全的秘密堕胎，从而引发死亡

，还有另外一些妇女因为某些程序需要进行住院治疗。那么可以推断，这种程序因为是

在非法的不安全的地方进行的，比如一些小诊所，那么应该是一些拙劣的手术程序，选项D 符合。

[答案]C

[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

[分析]推理题。文章第二段指出，虽然亚洲和

非洲在堕胎方面限制严

格，欧洲堕胎合法，但堕胎率却相同。下文又提到虽然拉美国家有

最严厉的堕胎法，但堕胎率最高，而欧洲法律最宽松，堕胎率却最低。再结合

第一段提到研究发现限制堕胎并不能降低堕胎数量，

可以得出，题目中的这个事实也说明了严格的堕胎法并不能有效降低堕胎率。

[答案]B

[难度系数] ☆☆ [分析] 推理题。题干要求找出哪个论据不能证明本文中提到的研究得出的结论。

首先由文章第一段得知该研究的结论是限制堕胎对降低终止怀孕数量影响颇微，而文章中心也是在论证限

制堕胎并不能有效降低堕胎率。那么，选项A 是文章第二段的论据，可以说明这一点。B 在第四段中提到

，但提到这一点主要是由于人口数量的原因，因此不能证明研究结论。C 在第五段提到，世界整体放松对

堕胎的法律限制引起了堕胎率的下降

，特别是前社会主义东欧，这一点也可以说明。D 也在第四

段提及，虽然堕胎措施加大，但效果却相反，也可以证明。因此，只有B 是不能证明该结论的。

[难度系数] ☆☆

[分析] 细节题。题干提到的问题在最后一段中提到，首先提到因低劣的堕胎而死的危险只是贫

穷国家妇女健康的一方面问题而已，因此A 选项错误。而该段进一步指出，联合国的一个报道

发现孕产妇死亡率最高的国家为降低该死亡率进行努力的进展也最慢，因此主要原因就是这些

国家不注重这方面问题的解决。因此，选项C 为正确答案。B 选项显然与原文无关，而D 选项

[难度系数] ☆☆☆

[分析] 主旨题。这篇文章主要通过一个全球的研究说明实施严格的堕胎法对降低堕胎并没有作用，反而有相反的效果。因此，文章主要是关于堕胎法对堕胎率影响的研究，D为正确答案。文章的各个段落中也涉及到了其他三个选项的内容，但都不是文章的主题，而是围绕着主题分别展开论述的。

参考译文

天主教牧师或反对堕胎合法化的政治家们要求加紧堕胎方面的法律，他们这样做是因为相信这样就可以降低堕胎数量。然而迄今为止最大的全球堕胎调查却让大家对这个简单的主张产生了怀疑。该研究表明，限制堕胎对降低终止怀孕数量影响颇微，这样反而使得妇女寻求一些非法、不安全的秘密堕胎，而每年因此死亡的妇女达67000人，还有另外500万妇女因为手术拙劣需要住院治疗。

一般来说，堕胎在非洲和亚洲或是非法的，或是受到限制，2003年（可提供数据的最近年份）其堕胎率为每1000名15至44岁的妇女中有29名。这个数字和欧洲堕胎率几乎相同（欧洲为28名），而在欧洲堕胎广为可行。而拥有世界上最严格的堕胎法的拉丁美洲有最高的堕胎率（31名），在世界上拥有最宽松的堕胎法律的西欧堕胎率最低（12名）。

这项研究由纽约的Guttmacher研究所和世界卫生组织合作进行，发表于英国医疗期刊Lancet上，该研究发现大多数堕胎都发生在发展中国家，一年大约有3500万例，而在富裕国家中一年只有700万例。不过这在很大程度上也反映了人口规模。一个妇女不论在哪里，堕胎的可能性大致相同，在富裕国家是千分之二十六，在贫穷或中等收入国家是千分之二十九。

为了避免人们认为这些规模庞大的大陆性数字揭示了一些现象，但也同样掩盖了一些，那么只要看看那些改革法律的国家的情况，这一点也同样可以证实。1995年至2005年期间，有17个国家放宽了堕胎法律，有3个国家加强了堕胎的限制，然而堕胎数量却从1995年的近4600万例下降为2003年的4200万例，使得全世界堕胎率由千分之三十五下降到千分之二十九。而最大的降幅——从千分之九十降到千分之四十四——发生在前共产主义的东欧，在该国堕胎一般是合法的、安全的，而且是廉价的。而在同一时期，世界上堕胎率最高的地区（堕胎数比出生人数多），其避孕措施使用则增幅较大。

在贫穷国家，因拙劣的堕胎技术而死亡的风险只不过是妇女健康这个广泛的问题的一部分而已。但在所有的发展不平衡中，这可以说是最糟糕的。基地在华盛顿的一个游说团组织“国际人口行动”本周发表的一篇报道声称，贫困国家妇女在怀孕或生产中死亡率是发达国家妇女的250倍。而根据本周联合国机构（包括世界卫生组织）的一个组织的另外一个报道，2005年死于生产或怀孕相关并发症的53万5千名妇女中，99%是在发展中国家。半数以上的死亡妇女在非洲。正如联合国报道所指出的，孕产妇死亡率最高的国家为降低该死亡率进行努力的进展也最慢。一个非洲妇女因怀孕或生产的死亡几率是16次中有一次，而在富裕国家这个数字为3800次中有一次。

TEXT FOUR

After receiving a six-year prison sentence on July 31st, Sanjay Dutt, an Indian film star, begged for bail while he appealed against it. “Sir, I made a mistake,” he said. But the judge said no. Mr. Dutt's crime—to have procured two guns from Muslim mobsters who were responsible for bomb attacks in Mumbai in 1993—was serious. Yet he urged Mr. Dutt, 48, to return to the silver screen after serving his sentence. “Don't get perturbed,” he said. “You have many years to go and work, like the 'Mackenna's Gold' actor Gregory Peck.”

Thus ended one of the longest song-and-dances in India's criminal legal history. Mr. Dutt was convicted last year, having already spent 16 months in jail. He was acquitted of direct involvement in the bombings, which killed 257 people. They were carried out in 1993 in revenge for the demolition of an ancient mosque in the Hindu holy city of Ayodhya by Hindu fanatics, and subsequent Hindu-Muslim rioting. Some 100 people have been found guilty of the bombing. They have all been sentenced in the past three months, including a dozen to death and 20 to life- imprisonment. But the alleged masterminds of the attacks are still at large. One of them, a Mumbai gangster called Dawood Ibrahim, is alleged by Indian officials to be linked to al-Qaeda and to be hiding in Pakistan.

Despite the bleak immediate outlook, Mr. Dutt, who made his name playing

tough-guy anti-heroes, is unlikely to find his career much damaged. The son of two of Bollywood's biggest stars, a Hindu-Muslim couple, he has garnered enormous sympathy for his suffering. Many Indians believe his claim that he wanted the guns to protect his family during the riots. Other Bollywood stars express support for Mr. Dutt as passionately as their Hollywood peers worry about global warming.

Then again, Bollywood is rather shady. Gangsters and crooked politicians have long laundered ill-gotten money through film productions. Indeed Mr. Dutt was investigated over money-laundering allegations in 2001. Other recent Bollywood stars to grace the courts include Monica Bedi, an actress convicted of dealing in fake passports. Her accomplice was another Mumbai gangster, Abu Salem, who delivered the guns to Mr. Dutt, and is currently awaiting trial for his alleged part in the 1993 bombings.

An even bigger Bollywood star, Salman Khan, is appealing against two prison sentences of five years and one year for poaching respectively an endangered antelope and two gazelles. A Bollywood film about the case has been scheduled. Mr. Khan has also had to battle a four-year-old charge that he recklessly drove his car over five people sleeping on a pavement in Mumbai, killing one of them.

Bollywood's biggest star, Amitabh Bachchan, also known as “the Big B”, is, in contrast, venerated. Where Mr. Khan is vain and brash, he has a reputation for humility and Hindu piety. But even this has been imperilled of late by revelations that Mr. Bachchan and his film-star son, Abhishek, bought valuable plots of land reserved for farmers. They registered themselves thus after being allotted farmland by a former government of the state of Uttar Pradesh, led by the Samajwadi party. Mr. Bachchan is close to one of the

party's leading lights, Amar Singh, a famed socialite. Mr. Bachchan's wife, Jaya, an actress, is now also a Samajwadi politician.

1.The judge said no because _____

[A] he believed Dutt was wronged and showed

no sympathy.

[B] he did not think Dutt had committed a

crime.

[C] he thought Dutt had committed a serious

crime.

[D] he thought Gregory Peck was Dutt’s good

example.

2. The comparison of Bollywood stars’ support

for Dutt to Holleywood’s worries about global

warming implies_____

[A] Bollywood stars are more sympathetic than

their Hollywood peers.

[B] Bollywood stars express their support in a

modest way.

[C] Bollywood stars back up Dutt with strong

support and full passion.

[D] Bollywood stars are also concerned with

environmental issues.

3. The phrase “grace the courts”(Line 3,

Paragraph 4) most probably means_____

[A] present oneself in the courts.

[B] appeal against the courts.

[C] be sentenced by the courts.

[D]show respect to the courts.

4. Accroding to the passage, the following

adjectives can be used to describe Mr. Khan

except_____

[A] venerated.

[B] vain and brash.

[C] reckless and mindless.

[D] cruel.

5. The best title of this passage can be _____

[A] The Shady Bollywood.

[B] Mr Dutt’s Legal History.

[C] Shady Stars of Bollywood.

[D] Bollywood or Bullywood.

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P18—医学

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