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for和of引导的不定式结构的区别

for和of引导的不定式结构的区别
for和of引导的不定式结构的区别

for和of引导的不定式结构的区别

不定式是一种非谓语动词,不能单独作谓语,因此没有语法上的主语。但由于不定式表示的是动作,在意义上可以有它的主体。我们称之为逻辑主语。

提起不定式逻辑主语,人们首先想到的会是“for+名词(宾格代词)+不定式”的复合结构。如:It is important for us to study English well.然而,有时不定式的逻辑主语须要用“of+名词(代词宾格)”才行。例如:It is kind of you to help me.而不能说:It is kind for you to help me.在选择介词“for”还是“of”时,人们往往总是凭感觉而定。有时受习惯影响,多选介词“for”。于是常出现这样的错误:It was careless for him to lose his way.It is cruel for you to do so.由于众多语法书对这种结构中使用“for”与“of”的区别介绍甚少,一些人对其概念认识尚不完全清楚,笔者认为有必要就这一问题作些探讨与介绍。

一、在句中的语法作用不同

a.不定式for结构在句中可以作主、宾、表、定、状、同位语:

1.It is easy for Tom to do this work.(主语)汤姆做此工作是容易的。

2.I'd like for him to come here.(宾语)我喜欢他来这里。

3.His idea is for us to travel in two different groups.(表语)他的想法是:我们分成两组旅行。

4.Have you heard about the plan for you to go abroad.(定语)你听到让你出国的计划吗?

5.The word is too difficult for him to pronounce well.(状语)这单词太难,他念不准。

6.In the most schools,it is the custom for the headmaster to declare the newterm start.在大部分学校,校长宣布新学期开始是一个习惯。

b.不定式of结构只能在句中作主语。

1.It was careless of him to leave his umbrella in the train.他把伞丢在火车上真是太粗心了。

2.It is awfully good of you to come to see me off at the station.谢谢你来车站送我。

二、逻辑主语的名词有所不同

a.不定式for结构中的名词可以是人,也可以是无生命的事物:

1.It is very important for us to study English well.我们学好英语是非常重要的。

2.It is essential for the classroom to have plenty of light.教室光线充足是必要的。

有时还可以是引导词“there”:

3.It is a pity for there to be any disagreement in the family.家庭不和实在是很遗憾。

4.In such case it is impossible for there to be an escape of air from the container.在这种情况下,不存在空气从容器溢出的可能性。

b.不定式of结构中的名词只能是人:

It is foolish of you to lend the money.你借钱给人真是太蠢了。

三、表语形容词的语义不同

表语形容词的语义不同是区别for结构和of结构的最重要标志。

a.在“It is(was)+adj.+for sb+to do sth”的句式中,作表语的形容词大多是表事物性质的静态形容词(stative adjective),如:essential,easy,difficult,important,neccessary,(im)possible,hard等等,这类形容词与for后面的名词(代词)关系不密切,无意义上的主表关系。例如:

It is neccessary for us to practise speaking English every day.

句中不定式逻辑主语“us”与表语形容词“neccessary”无主表关系,我们不能说:We are neccessary to practise speaking English every day.因为“人”(we)不能与表“事物性质的形容词”(neccessary)连用在一起。此句的重点,是强调“每天练习说英语”这件事。同样:It was very difficult for Tom to answer this question.不能说成:Tom was very difficult to answer this question.而可以说:For Tom to answer this question was very difficult.

b.在“It is(was)+ adj.+ of sb…”的句式中,作表语的形容词大多是表示人物特征的形容词。如:bold,absurd,brave,careless,careful,clever,considerate,cruel,foolish,good,honest,(un)kind noble,impudent,polite,right,rude,sweet,nutured,silly,stupid,selfish,thoughtful,ungrateful,wicked,unmanly,(un)wise,wrong等等。这些表示人物特征的形容词与of后的名词关系十分密切,有意义上的主表关系。如:

1.It is selfish of you to do so.

“you”与“selfish”关系密切。“you”既是不定式“to do so”的逻辑主语,又是形容词“selfish”的逻辑主语。此句重点强调的是“人”,(你这人太自私了)故可以说成:You are selfish to do so.又如:

2.It is kind of you(= You are kind)to send me a nice present.谢谢你送我这么好的礼物。

3.It was stupid of her(=she was stupid)to make such a mistake.出这样的错她真是太蠢了。

另外,在这个句式中,“it”可以根据情况改为“that”、“this”,如:

4.That is very kind of you.谢谢你。

5.This is very good of you to repair the TV set for me.谢谢你帮我修电视机。

较长的句子,还可以加逗号,在of sb与to do sth中间停顿一下:

6.That was smart of you,to hush up the affair before you heard about it.听到此事之前能保持缄默,你是很聪明的。

四、句子的语气有所不同

A.在较多的场合中,不定式for结构的句式语气带有情态意义。for sb to do sth.的复合结构,相当于一个有情态动词的主语从句。例如:

1.It is neccessary for us to get the preparations done.=(… that weshould get the preparations done.)我们有必要(应该)把准备工作做好。

2.It is hard for which one to be given the reward to.=(… which one should be given the reward to.)难就难在应该给哪个人授奖。

3.In the old society,it was rare for a poor man's son to go to college.(=… that a poor man's son could go to college.)旧社会,穷人的孩子能上大学是很少见的。

B.不定式of结构的句式,在语气上往往对前面表人物特征的表语形容词有着某种感叹意味。It is/was adj.of sb相当于How adj of sb it is/was.故在翻译时,多加上“太……”“真是……”“实在是……”等字眼,如前面提到的诸例句:

1.It was careless of him to leave his umbrella in the train.(= How carelessof him(it was)to leave his umbrella in the train.)他太粗心了,竟会把伞忘在车上。

2.That was stupid of you to make such a mistake.(= How stupid of you tomake such a mistake.)你竟然会犯这样的错误,真是太蠢了。

有时,为了加强感叹的程度还可以在表语形容词前加上修饰词:

3.That is really kind of you.

4.It is awfully good of him to come to see us off at the station.

五、由于某些形容词(如:good,right,foolish,wrong,silly…)在语义上具有两重性,既可以表人物的特征,又可以说明事物的性质,因此它们可以使用在for结构中,也可以使用在of结构中,但两种结构在意义上有所区别。试比较:

1.It is good for Xiao Wang to travel abroad.(= It's good to travel abroad for-Xiao Wang)中心意思是说“旅行是件好事”,重点在“to travel abroad”不定式所表示的动作。“for Xiao Wang”只表示一种范围。(对于小王来说)

2.It is good of Xiao Wang to lend me the money.

“of”表示一种所属关系,“good”是“Xiao Wang”的所属特征。中心意思是说“小王心眼真好”,重点在“Xiao Wang”这个人上。又如:

3.It is foolish of you to buy that book.(= You are foolish to buy that book.)你这人真傻,竟买了那本书。(强调“你傻”)

4.It is foolish for you to buy that book.(=For you to buy that book is fool-ish(= It is foolish to buy that book for you.)你买那本书是愚蠢的。(强调“买那本书”这件事很傻)

英语常见动词不定式词组

常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结 ★希望做某事hope to do sth. ★决定做某事decideto do sth. ★同意做某事agree todo sth、 ★需要某人做某事needto do sth。 ★使用某物做某事use sth to dosth ★迫不及待做某事can’t waitto do ★准备做某事get/beready to do ★尽力/努力做某事trytodo sth ★计划做某事plan to do sth。 ★不得不have to do ★轮流做某事take one’sturns to do st h。 ★拒绝做某事refuse to dosth。 ★告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth、

★请某人做某事ask sb、todosth。 ★期待某人做某事expectsb、to dost h. ★教某人做某事teach sb。todo sth ★想要某人做某事want /would like sb、to do sth、 ★同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth。. ★喜欢/想要某人做某事like sb、to do st h。 ★帮助某人做某事helpsb。todo sth/help sb.do ★It’sone's turnto do sth、轮到某人做某事 ★It’s time(for sb。) to dosth。就是某人做某事时候了

★It's +adj. for/ofsb. todosth。对于某人来说做某事就是…… ★Ittakes sb。timeto do sth。某人做某事花了某时间 以下就是不带to得动词不定式(即动词原形)得常见用法 ★letsb、do sth让某人做某事★make do sth使得某人做某事 ★hear do sth do sth听见某人做某 事★seedo sth do sth瞧见某人做某事 ★why not 或why don’t you +动词原形?为什么不…。?(表示建议) ★某人+hadbetter( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事

of与for的用法以及区别

of与for的用法以及区别 for 表原因、目的 of 表从属关系 介词of的用法 (1)所有关系 this is a picture of a classroom (2)部分关系 a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of water a bottle of milk what kind of football,American of soccer? (3)描写关系 a man of thirty 三十岁的人 a man of shanghai 上海人 (4)承受动作 the exploitation of man by man.人对人的剥削。 (5)同位关系 It was a cold spring morning in the city of London in England. (6)关于,对于 What do you think of Chinese food? 你觉得中国食品怎么样? 介词 for 的用法小结 1. 表示“当作、作为”。如: I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么?

2. 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如: Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。 Thank you for your last letter. 谢谢你上次的来信。 Thank you for teaching us so well. 感谢你如此尽心地教我们。 3. 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。如: Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。 Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。 4. 表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如: I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那里逗留两天。 5. 表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如: let’s go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。 I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。 I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元买这本词典。 6. 表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于……的”。如: It’s time for school. 到上学的时间了。 Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。 7. 表示“支持、赞成”。如: Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划? 8. 用于一些固定搭配中。如: Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁? For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher. 比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。

动词不定式用法归纳

动词不定式用法归纳 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是not to+do。 1.作主语 可以直接作主语。如: To see is to believe. 但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如: It's wrong to play tricks on other people. It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.(Lesson 10). 点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或 It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。 2.作宾语 a.以下动词只能to do 作宾语。 attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange 安排 mean意欲,打算 begin开始 expect期望 appear似乎,显得 determine决定 manage设法 cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶 pretend假装 ask问 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 bother扰乱;烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢,宁愿 care关心,喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉,遗憾 choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺,允许 start 开始 undertake承接 want想要 intend想要 refuse拒绝 decide决定 learn学习 contrive设法,图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 seek找,寻觅 try试图 b.love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。 提示板:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。如: I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。 c.stop,forget,remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 1)stop to do sth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。 stop doing sth.:停止正在做的事。 例句:When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking;when he came out,the students stopped to talk. 当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。 2)思考:forget,remember,go on,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别d.在find/feel+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如: The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep. I feel it easy to recite the text. 点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上面stop例句。 3.作宾语补足语 a.下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求,邀请 get请,得到 prompt促使 allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢,宁愿 announce

to与for的用法和区别

to与for的用法和区别 一般情况下, to后面常接对象; for后面表示原因与目的为多。 Thank you for helping me. Thanks to all of you. to sb.表示对某人有直接影响比如,食物对某人好或者不好就用to; for表示从意义、价值等间接角度来说,例如对某人而言是重要的,就用for. for和to这两个介词,意义丰富,用法复杂。这里仅就它们主要用法进行比较。 1. 表示各种“目的” 1. What do you study English for? 你为什么要学英语? 2. She went to france for holiday. 她到法国度假去了。 3. These books are written for pupils. 这些书是为学生些的。 4. hope for the best, prepare for the worst. 作最好的打算,作最坏的准备。 2.对于 1.She has a liking for painting. 她爱好绘画。 2.She had a natural gift for teaching. 她对教学有天赋/ 3.表示赞成同情,用for不用to. 1. Are you for the idea or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个想法? 2. He expresses sympathy for the common people.. 他表现了对普通老百姓的同情。 3. I felt deeply sorry for my friend who was very ill. 4 for表示因为,由于(常有较活译法) 1 Thank you for coming. 谢谢你来。 2. France is famous for its wines. 法国因酒而出名。 5.当事人对某事的主观看法,对于(某人),对…来说(多和形容词连用)用介词to,不用for.. He said that money was not important to him. 他说钱对他并不重要。 To her it was rather unusual. 对她来说这是相当不寻常的。 They are cruel to animals. 他们对动物很残忍。 6.for和fit, good, bad, useful, suitable 等形容词连用,表示适宜,适合。 Some training will make them fit for the job. 经过一段训练,他们会胜任这项工作的。 Exercises are good for health. 锻炼有益于健康。 Smoking and drinking are bad for health. 抽烟喝酒对健康有害。 You are not suited for the kind of work you are doing. 7. for表示不定式逻辑上的主语,可以用在主语、表语、状语、定语中。 1.It would be best for you to write to him. 2.The simple thing is for him to resign at once. 3.There was nowhere else for me to go. 4.He opened a door and stood aside for her to pass.

(完整)动词不定式所有短语

(完整)动词不定式所有短语 编辑整理: 尊敬的读者朋友们: 这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望((完整)动词不定式所有短语)的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈,这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力。 本文可编辑可修改,如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅,最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步,以下为(完整)动词不定式所有短语的全部内容。

动词不定式所有短语 常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结 .固定用法(非谓语动词):以下是带to的动词不定式常见搭配 ★希望做某事hope to do sth. ★决定做某事decide to do sth。 ★同意做某事agree to do sth. ★需要某人做某事need to do sth。 ★使用某物做某事use sth to do sth ★迫不及待做某事can’t wait to do ★准备做某事get/be ready to do ★尽力/努力做某事try to do sth ★计划做某事plan to do sth. ★不得不have to do ★轮流做某事take one’s turns to do sth. ★拒绝做某事refuse to do sth。 ★告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth。 ★请某人做某事ask sb. to do sth. ★希望某人做某事wish sb。 to do sth. ★教某人做某事teach sb。 to do sth ★想要某人做某事want /would like sb.to do sth。 ★同意某人做某事agree sb。 to do sth. . ★喜欢/想要某人做某事 like sb。 to do sth。 ★帮助某人做某事help sb。 to do sth/help sb.do ★encourage sb to do 鼓励某人做 ★It’s one’s turn to do sth。轮到某人做某事 例句:It your turn to clean the blackboard。 ★It's time(for sb.) to do sth。是某人做某事时候了 例句:It’s time for me to go home。 ★It’s +adj。 for/of sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是……(当adj。是表示性格、品德的形容词时用of) 例句: It is easy for me to learn it well。 It is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so. ★ It takes sb。 sometime to do sth。某人做某事花了某时间 例句: 1.It takes me an hour to get to school by bike。 2。It took me an hour to watch TV last night。 3.It will take her two weeks to finish the work. ★too+adj。/adv。 to do sth. 太….。而不能 例: He was to angry to say a word。 ★find/think/feel it +adj。 to do sth.发现/认为/感到做某事是… 例: I find/think/feel it hard to learn English well.

常用介词用法(for to with of)

For的用法 1. 表示“当作、作为”。如: I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。 What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么? 2. 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如: Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。 3. 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。如: Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。 Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。 4. 表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如: I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。 We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那里逗留两天。 5. 表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如: Let’s go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。 I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。 I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元买这本词典。 6. 表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于……的”。如: It’s time for school. 到上学的时间了。 Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。 7. 表示“支持、赞成”。如: Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划? 8. 用于一些固定搭配中。如: Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁? For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher. 比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。 尽管for 的用法较多,但记住常用的几个就可以了。 to的用法: 一:表示相对,针对 be strange (common, new, familiar, peculiar) to This injection will make you immune to infection. 二:表示对比,比较 1:以-ior结尾的形容词,后接介词to表示比较,如:superior ,inferior,prior,senior,junior 2: 一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词,如equal,similar,equivalent,analogous A is similar to B in many ways.

八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理

八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理 动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非 谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to,动词不定式可以作 句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语,叫作不定式短语。 一、用作主语 多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语一一动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语,谓 语动词用第三人称单数形式。疑问词+不定式短语作主语可 置于句首,复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如: 1.1 t is our duty to try our best to deal With these problems. 2. The head teacher Said it WaS necessary to talk With his mother. 3. HOW to learn EngIiSh well is important. 4. To See iS to believe.(眼见为实;百闻不如一见) 二、用作表语 动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如: 1. The best Way is to join an EngIiSh club. 2. The first thing is to IiSten to the teacher carefully. 三、用作宾语 1. 可以接带to的

动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:要求选择 同意(ask, choose, agree)期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, Iearm,宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know),希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。女口: 1) We decided to talk to SOme StudentS about Why they go there. 2) He PreferS to eat White bread and rice. 3) Id love to ViSit Mexico. 2. 动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...,介词结构on... 可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语,但Why后面的不定 式不带to。女口: 1) Could you PIeaSe tell me Where to Park my car? 2) It gives advice on What to do in lots of different SitUations. 3. 动词feel, find, make, think等后面,可以用it作形式宾语 代替真正的宾语--- 动词不定式,句子结构是…feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。女口: 4. 感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。 5. 后接动词不定式或Ving形式作宾语,意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语,表动作尚未发 生;后接Ving形式作宾语,表动作已经发生。stop to do停

(完整版)介词for用法归纳

介词for用法归纳 用法1:(表目的)为了。如: They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。 What did you do that for? 你干吗这样做? That’s what we’re here for. 这正是我们来的目的。 What’s she gone for this time? 她这次去干什么去了? He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽车。 【用法说明】在通常情况下,英语不用for doing sth 来表示目的。如: 他去那儿看他叔叔。 误:He went there for seeing his uncle. 正:He went there to see his uncle. 但是,若一个动名词已名词化,则可与for 连用表目的。如: He went there for swimming. 他去那儿游泳。(swimming 已名词化) 注意:若不是表目的,而是表原因、用途等,则其后可接动名词。(见下面的有关用法) 用法2:(表利益)为,为了。如: What can I do for you? 你想要我什么? We study hard for our motherland. 我们为祖国努力学习。 Would you please carry this for me? 请你替我提这个东西好吗? Do more exercise for the good of your health. 为了健康你要多运动。 【用法说明】(1) 有些后接双宾语的动词(如buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等),当双宾语易位时,通常用for 来引出间接宾语,表示间接宾语为受益者。如: She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她为她女儿做了件连衣裙。 He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us. 他为我们煮了些土豆。 注意,类似下面这样的句子必须用for: He bought a new chair for the office. 他为办公室买了张新办公椅。 (2) 注意不要按汉语字面意思,在一些及物动词后误加介词for: 他们决定在电视上为他们的新产品打广告。 误:They decided to advertise for their new product on TV. 正:They decided to advertise their new product on TV. 注:advertise 可用作及物或不及物动词,但含义不同:advertise sth=为卖出某物而打广告;advertise for sth=为寻找某物而打广告。如:advertise for a job=登广告求职。由于受汉语“为”的影响,而此处误加了介词for。类似地,汉语中的“为人民服务”,说成英语是serve the people,而不是serve for the people,“为某人的死报仇”,说成英语是avenge sb’s death,而不是avenge for sb’s death,等等。用法3:(表用途)用于,用来。如: Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的。 This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。 It’s a machine for slicing bread. 这是切面包的机器。 The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold. 医生给了她一些感冒药。 用法4:为得到,为拿到,为取得。如: He went home for his book. 他回家拿书。 He went to his friend for advice. 他去向朋友请教。 She often asked her parents for money. 她经常向父母要钱。

动词不定式作主语的三种方式

动词不定式作主语的三种方式 I 不定式作主语通常位于句首。如: ①To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 ②To get up early is necessary.早起是必要的。 II 把引导词it放在句首作形式主语,而把真正的主语———动词不定式(短语)放在后面。如: ①It's not easy to work out the problem.计算出这道题不容易。 ②It is interesting to play with snow in winter.冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。 it作形式主语时,有三种情况: 1)常用形容词作它的表语。真正主语不定式通常有逻辑主语,一般用for短语来表示,即for sb.to do sth.(其中sb.就是to do的逻辑主语)。如: It's important for us to keep the water clean.保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。 [注意]for不能用of来代替,因为不能说:Y ou are important. 当表语形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,则不用for,而用of(sb.to do sth.)。如: It's very kind of you to say so.你这样说真是太好了。 (可以说:Y ou are very kind.) 2)有时也接名词作表语。如: It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。 3)it作形式主语时,还常用于“It takes(took /will take)sb.some time(money)to do sth.”句型中。如: ①It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening.昨天晚上我做作业用了一个多小时。 ②It will take us a long time to walk there.步行去那儿要花费我们很长时间。 III.动词不定式与疑问词how,what,when,where,which等连用构成不定式短语,也可作主语。如: ①How to use the computer is the question.如何使用计算机是个问题。 ②Where to go has not been decided.去哪儿还没有定下来。 【巩固练习】选择正确答案填空。 1.It's important you walk after supper. A.of;to B.for;of C.to;to D.for;to 2.It's very kind you help me. A.to;of B.of;to C.for;to D.to;to 3.To make friends with them nice. A.is B.are C.be D.does 4. the meeting has not been discussed yet. A.Why to hold B.Where to C.When to hold D.Which to (Keys:1—4 DBAC)

of和for的用法

of 1....的,属于 One of the legs of the table is broken. 桌子的一条腿坏了。 Mr.Brown is a friend of mine. 布朗先生是我的朋友。 2.用...做成的;由...制成 The house is of stone. 这房子是石建的。 3.含有...的;装有...的 4....之中的;...的成员 Of all the students in this class,Tom is the best. 在这个班级中,汤姆是最优秀的。 5.(表示同位) He came to New York at the age of ten. 他在十岁时来到纽约。 6.(表示宾格关系) He gave a lecture on the use of solar energy. 他就太阳能的利用作了一场讲演。 7.(表示主格关系) We waited for the arrival of the next bus. 我们等待下一班汽车的到来。

I have the complete works of Shakespeare. 我有莎士比亚全集。 8.来自...的;出自 He was a graduate of the University of Hawaii. 他是夏威夷大学的毕业生。 9.因为 Her son died of hepatitis. 她儿子因患肝炎而死。 10.在...方面 My aunt is hard of hearing. 我姑妈耳朵有点聋。 11.【美】(时间)在...之前 12.(表示具有某种性质) It is a matter of importance. 这是一件重要的事。 For 1.为,为了 They fought for national independence. 他们为民族独立而战。 This letter is for you. 这是你的信。

初中英语不定式词组归纳

初中不定式短语归纳 一、接不定式(而不接动名词)作宾语的21个常用动词 afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事ask to do sth. 要求做某事beg to do sth. 请求做某事care to do sth. 想要做某事choose to do sth. 决定做某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事demand to do sth. 要求做某事expect to do sth. 期待做某事fear to do sth. 害怕做某事help to do sth. 帮助做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事learn to do sth. 学习做某事manage to do sth. 设法做某事offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事plan to do sth. 计划做某事prepare to do sth. 准备做某事promise to do sth. 答应做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事wish to do sth. 希望做某事 注:有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式,不接动名词:aim to do sth. 打算做某事fail to do sth. 未能做某事long to do sth. 渴望做某事happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 二、接不定式作宾补的30个常用动词advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.请(叫)某人做某事beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事 三)接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的7个动词 (1) remember to do sth. 记住要做某事remember doing sth. 记住曾做过某事 (2) forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事forget doing sth. 忘记曾做过某事 (3) regret to do sth. 后悔(遗憾)要做某事regret doing sth. 后悔(遗憾)曾做过某事 (4) try to do sth. 设法要做某事try doing sth. 做某事试试看有何效果 (5) mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 (6) can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事 (7) go on to do sth. 做完某事后接着做另一事go on doing sth. 继续做一直在做的事 注:stop to do sth. 与stop doing sth.也不同,前者指停下来去做某事,后者指停止正在做的事,但stop to do sth. 中的不定式不是宾语,是目的状语。 中考高频短语归纳: Up ring up打电话put up举(手),挂起,张贴turn up开大(音量)give up放弃pick up拾起,搭乘,学会look up向上看,(在字典里)查阅send up发射,使上升eat up 吃光wake up 醒来stay up熬夜cheer up 使振奋,使开心set up建立,设立make up 化妆 bring up抚养get up起床go up增长use up用完,耗尽 on put on 穿上feed on以……为食come on加油knock on敲(门hold on稍等,别挂机try on试穿turn on打开(电源)get on上(车)go on继续keep an eye on 照看;留意;密切注视keep on 反复地做, 继续进行later on 后来;稍后;过些时候 out set out出发find out查明hang out到处闲逛leave out 忽略,遗漏look out当心

for和of的用法

for的用法: 1. 表示“当作、作为”。如: I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。 What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么? 2. 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如: Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。 Thank you for your last letter. 谢谢你上次的来信。 Thank you for teaching us so well. 感谢你如此尽心地教我们。 3. 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。如: Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。 Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。 4. 表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如:

I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。 We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那里逗留两天。 5. 表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如: Let’s go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。 I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。 I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元买这本词典。 6. 表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于……的”。如: It’s time for school. 到上学的时间了。 Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。 7. 表示“支持、赞成”。如: Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划? 8. 用于一些固定搭配中。如:

(完整版)省略to的动词不定式用法归纳

省略to的动词不定式用法归纳 一、使役动词与to的省略 当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语,不定式必须省略to。如: Let me have another cup of tea.给我再来一杯茶。 She had him dig away the snow.她让他把雪挖走。 They made him tell them everything.他们强迫他把一切全告诉他们。 但是,当使役动词用于被动语态时,其后的不定式则必须要带to。如: 他被迫一天工作20小时。 误:He was made work twenty hours a day. 正:He was made to work twenty hours a day. 注意,表示使役意义的let和have很少用于被动语态。 另外注意,force, oblige等虽然也表示“使”,但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。如: They forced her to sign the paper.他们强迫她在文件上签字。 The law obliged parents to send their children to school.法律要求父母送子女上学。 考例: 1.The teacher forbade ________ our seats. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4415294877.html, to leave https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4415294877.html, leaving C.to leave D.to leaving 2.Mary had her friend ________ the best one. A.choose B.chosen C.chose D.to choose 3.The girl was ma de _________ she didn’t love at all. A.marry a man B.to marry a man C.to marry with a man D.married with a man 二、感觉动词与to的省略 当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to等作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。如: We all felt the house shake.我们都感觉这房子在震动。 I heard him go down the stairs.我听见他下楼了。 Did you notice her leave the house?她离开屋子你注意到了吗? I watched her get into the car.我看着她上了车。 但是,当feel后用作宾语补足语的不定式为to be时,则不能省略to。如:They all felt the plan to be unwise.他们都认为这个计划不明智。 注意,当这些动词变为被动语态时,不定式前的to不能省略。如: They were heard to break a glass in the next door.听见他们在隔壁打破了一个

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