电子行业专有名词(中英对照)
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Date: 5. Sept. 2005
A
B
Acronym English Chinese
BBS Board of Broadcasting Service 電子佈告欄 BC Barcode 條碼
BGA Ball Grid Array, e.g. Intel 柵格陣列式球狀接點零件
封裝
BIOS Basic Input Output System 基本輸出入系統 BOM Bill of Material 物料清單 BOMU Bill of Material Uniload 物料清單 Uniload BOU Bill of Uniload -----
BPR Business Process Reengineering 企業過程再造 BSI British Standards Institution 英國標準協會 BTC Build To Configuration 按規模生產 BTO Build To Order 先接單, 後生產 BTU Build To Uncertain 不確定性生產
C
Acronym English Chinese 3C management "Customer, Confidence, Company" management
-----
3C Consumer, Computer, Communication 消費性,電腦,通信
電子產品
C System Research & Development Procedure 產品開發作業程序 C&C Computer & Communication 電腦及通信 C3 Command, Control and Communication
命令, 監控及溝通
CAD Computer Aided Design 電腦輔助設計 CAE Computer Aided Engineering 電腦輔助工程 CAI Computer Assisted Instruction 電腦輔助教學 CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing 電腦輔助製造 CAR Corrective Action Request 矯正行動需求 CAS Column address strobe 列位址觸發 CAT Computer Aided Testing (or Teaching)電腦輔助測試
(或教學)
CC Carbon Copy 副本
CCD Charge Coupled Device 電荷耦合器/元件 CCITT International Telephone, Telegraph and Consultative Committee
國際電話電報諮詢委員會
CCTV Closed Circuit Television 閉路電視 CD-ROM Compact Disk Read Only Memory 光碟機 CE Component Engineering 零件工程 CE Conducted Emission 傳導性發射干擾 CE (European Communities 之顛倒): European Product Safety
歐洲產品安規標示
CeBIT 德國漢諾威電腦展
CECC CENELEC Electronic Components
Committee 歐洲電工標準化組織電子零組件委員會
CEM Contract Electronics Manufacturing
(= OEM)
專指電子代工生產CFC Chloro-Fluoro-Carbon 氟氯碳化物
CGA Color
Graphic
Adapter 彩色圖形卡CHS Cylinder, Head, Sector -----
CIM Computer-Integrated
Manufacturing 電腦整合製造CKD Component
Knockdown 零件出口組合Main
Board式CLT Continuous
Life
Test 連續壽命測試CMOS Configuration
Management of System系統組態管理CNC Computerized Numerical Control 電腦化數值控制CNS China National Standard 中國國家標準COPs Company Operation Procedures 公司作業程序
CPU Central Processing Unit 中央處理單元
CQA Customer
Quality
Assurance 顧客品質確認CRA Customer
Replacement
Audit 客戶可替換審核CRC Customer Relations Center 聯合服務中心
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Checking 循環性多餘碼檢驗CRP Capacity Requirement Plan 產能需求計畫
CRT Cathode-Ray
Tube 陰極射線管/
映像管CRU Customer Replaceable Units 客戶可替換單位
CS Conducted
Susceptibility 傳導性敏感度CSA Customer
Simulation
Audit 顧客模擬稽核CSA Canadian
Standards
Association 加拿大標準協會CSA CCP CSA Category Certification Program 加拿大標準協會, 種類證
明程序表CSD Customer
Service
Department/Division
客戶服務部CTO Configure
To
Order 顧客化生產CTR Cycle
Time
Reduction 周期時間縮減CVM Customer Value Management 顧客價值管理CWQI Company Wide Quality Improvement全公司品質改善
活動
D
Acronym English Chinese
DB Decibel 分貝
Current 直流電
DC Direct
DDC Data Display Channel 資料顯示通道
DIMM Dual In-line Memory Module 雙列記憶體模組
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung E.V. 德國標準協會
DIP Dual In-line Package, e.g. capacitor
雙列直插式封裝
etc.
DIY Do-It-Yourself 自助式
Access 直接記憶體存取
Memory
DMA Direct
DMI Desktop Management Interface 桌上電腦管理介面
DML Document Master List -----
Multi-meter 數位電錶DMM Digital
Arrival 到貨不良品DOA Dead
On
DOC Declaration of Conformity 相似(一致)宣告書
DOC Disk-On-Chip ---------- DPHU Defect Per Hundred Unit 缺點百分比
DPI Dot Per Inch 每英吋點數
DPMA Dynamic Power Management
動態能源管理架構
Architecture
DPMS Display Power Management Signal -----
DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory 動態隨機儲存
記憶體
Television 數位電視DTV Digital
DVD Digital Video Disks 數位影音光碟
DVD Digital Video Display 數位影像顯示器
DVD-R Digital Video Disk-R 可記錄一次型
數位影音光碟
DVD-RAM Digital Video Disk-RAM 可重覆讀寫型
數位影音光碟
DVD-ROM Digital Video Disk-ROM 唯讀型
數位影音光碟
Testing 設計驗證測試
Verification
DVT Development
E
Acronym English Chinese
Engineering Version 工程版本
E. Ver.
(Eng/Ver)
Computer 教育用電腦EC Educational
ECC Error Correct Code 錯誤矯正碼
ECN Engineering Change Notice 工程內容變更
通知單ECP Extended Capability Port 延展容量並列埠
ECR Engineering Change Request 工程變更需求
ED Engineering
Directive 工程準則EDI Electronic Data Interchange 電子資料交換EDO Extended Data Output 延伸資料輸出EE Electronic
Engineering 電子工程
EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable
ROM 電性可清除可規劃
ROM
EIA Environmental
Impact
Assessment 環境影響評估EIA Electronic
Industries
Association 美國電子工業協會
EIDE Enhanced Intelligent Driver
Electronics 加強型智慧硬碟電子介面
EIPC European
Institute
of Printed Circuit 歐洲印刷電路板
協會EISA Enhanced Industrial Standards
Architecture
先進工業標準規格ELD Electro Luminescent Display 電激發光顯示器ELP Test Early Life Performance Test 初期耐用度測試EMC Electromagnetic
Compatibility 電磁共容性EMI Electromagnetic
Interference 電磁干擾EMI Early Manufacturing Involvement 初期製造涉入EMS Electromagnetic
Susceptibility 電磁干擾免疫力EMS Environmental Management System 還境管理系統EN 60950 European Norms 60950 歐洲標準 60950 EOS Electrical
Overstress 電子超壓EPA Environmental
Protection
Association環境保護評估EPP Enhanced parallel port 加強並列埠
EPROM Erasable Programming Read Only
Memory 可抹除可規劃唯讀記憶體
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning 企業資源規劃系統ES Engineering
Specification 工業規格ESCD Extended System Configuration Data-----
ESD Electrostatic
Discharge 靜電放電ESD Uniform Electro Static Discharge Uniform 靜電服ESS Employee Suggestion Scheme 員工提案改善制度
F
Acronym English Chinese
FCC Federal Communications Commission美國聯邦通信
委員會FDD Floppy Disk Drive 軟式磁碟機
FDI Failure Distribution Investigation 失效分佈驗證FED Field Emission Display 場發射顯示器
Goods 完成品FG Finished
FGPA Flat Package Glass Array 扁平氏
可編程互連元件FIFO First In First Out 先進先出
Modulation 調頻FM Frequency
FMEA Failure Model Efficiency Analysis 失效模式分析
FMS Flexible Manufacturing System 彈性製造系統
FPC Flex Printed Circuit 軟性印刷電路板
FPM Fast Page Mode -----
Production
Yield 生產失敗發生FPY Failure
FPY First Pass Yield Rate 首次測試通過率
FPYR First Pass Yield Rate -----
FQC Final Quality Control (Defect
最後品質管制
Rate<5000PPM)
FRU No. Field Replaceable Unit Number -----
Function-A (PCBA test by manual, e.g. system
半成品手動測試
board, keyboard, VGA ….. etc.)
Function-B (PCBA test by automatic, e.g. memory
半成品自動測試
chipset ….. etc.)
-----
Function-C It depends upon customer's demand,
e.g. sound, LAN, particular spec. …..
etc.
Reference 僅供您參考FYR For
Your
G
Acronym English Chinese
Computer 遊戲用電腦GC Game
GLC Global Logistic Center 全球後勤中心GMEC Global Manufacture Engineer Center全球製造工程中心
Time 格林威治標準時間
Mean
GMT Greenwich
GNK Greenock/Scotland IBM in theUK GPMC Global Production Engineer Center 全球生產工程中心GPS Global Positioning System 衛星定位系統
GQC Global Quality Center 全球品管中心
GRC Global Repair Center 全球修護中心
GTL Gunning
Logic -----
Transceiver
H
Acronym English Chinese
HTML Hyper Text Markup Language 超文字標記語言
I
Acronym English Chinese
I/M Item
Master 物料編碼IBM GNK IBM in Greenock (Scotland) IBM in Scotland IC Integrated
Circuit 積體電路ICP Internet Contents Provider 網路內容提供者ICT In-Circuit
Tester 內部線路測試ID Industrial
Design 工業設計IDE Intelligent Driver Electronics 智慧硬碟電子介面IDT Housing Industrial Design Technics 工業設計技術IE Industrial
Engineering 工業工程IE Internet
Explorer 探險家網路瀏覽器IEC International
Electro-mechanical
Commission
國際電機協會IEC International
Electro-technical
Commission
國際電工委員會IEC 950 International Engineering Commission國家工程協會
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic
Engineers 美國電子電機工程協會
IIPC International Product Co. in China -----
IM Inventory
Management 存貨管理iMAC Internet
MAC 蘋果新款
Internet電腦
IPC The Institute for Interconnecting and
Packaging Electronic Circuit 美國電路連接及包裝協會
IPI Initial Product Inspection 初期產品檢驗IPQC In-Process Quality Control 製程品質管制程序IPT Ideal
Process
Time 理想程序時間IQC Incoming Quality Control 進料品質管制IR Industrial
Relationship 工業關係IR Infrared
Rays 紅外線
IR Reflow Infrared Reflow Machine 紅外線迴焊機IrDA Infrared
Data
Association 紅外線資料協會IrLED Infrared
LED 紅外線液晶接收燈ISA Industrial
Standards
Architecture 工業標準規格ISDN Integrated Service Digital Network 整體數位服務網路ISO International Standards Organization國際標準機構ISP Internet Service Provider 網路服務提供者
J, K
Acronym English Chinese JCS
Japanese Cable Maker's Association Standard
日本電線工業會
JEM The Japan Electrical Manufacturer's Association
日本電機工業會
JIS Japan Industry Standard 日本工業規格協會 JIS Japan Industrial Standard 日本工業標準 JIT Just-In-Time 豐田式及時生產 KC Kid Computer 兒童用電腦
L
Acronym English Chinese LAN Local Area Network 區域網路 LASER Light Alpmification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
雷射/激光
LB Line Business 產品線事業群
LBA Logical Block Address ----- LCC Leadless Chip Carrier 無腳晶片載體 LCCC Leadless Ceramic Chip Carrier 瓷質無腳晶片載體 LCD Liquid Crystal Display 液晶顯示器 LCL Lower Control Limit 控制最低限制 LED Light-Emitting Diode 發光二極體 Legal Intellectual Property 智財
LOB Line of Business (including computer, peripherals, consumer electronic and
communication product)
事業線
LSI Large Scale Integration 大型積體電路
M
Acronym English Chinese MAPICS Manufacturing Accounting Production Inventory Control System 製造, 會計, 生產, 庫存管
理系統
Mask ROM Mask ROM 光罩式不可燒錄
唯讀記憶體
MBB Moisture Barrier Bag 真空包裝袋 MBGs Major Business Groups 主要事業群 MCM Multichip Module 多晶片模組 ME Manufacturing/Mechanical Engineering
製造/機械工程
MFG Manufacturing 製造
MI Material Issue Ticket 領料單
MIC Manufacturing Information Center 製造資訊中心MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface 樂器數位介面MIS Management Information System 管理資訊系統MIT Made
in
Taiwan 臺灣製MLB Multilayer
Board 多層板MLCC Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor 陶瓷積層電容MMIP Multimedia Integration Box 多媒體整合器MMX Multimedia
Extension 多媒體延伸MO Manufacturing
Order 製造工令MPA Material
Preparation
Area 備料區MPD Media Production Division 媒體生產部MR Material Return (Ticket) 退料單
MRB Material Review Board 物料審驗會議MRP Material Requirement Planning 材料需求計畫MRP-II Manufacturing Resource Planning 製造資源計畫MRR Manufacturing Readiness Review 製造準備再審MRS Marketing Requirement Specification行銷/市場
需求規格MS Mobile System, e.g. notebook
computer
可移動電腦系統MS Manufacturing
System 製造系統MS Manufacturing
Specification 製造規格MS Microsoft 美商微軟
MSR Material Substitution Requisition 物料代用需求MT Material
Transfer 移轉單MTBF Mean Time Between Failure 平均失效時間,
故障間之平均時間MTTF Mean Time To Failure 平均可工作之時間MTTR Mean Time To Repair 平均修理時間MVT Manufacturing
Verification
Testing 製造驗證測試
N
Acronym English Chinese
N2 Reflow N2 Reflow Machine 氮氣迴焊爐NAQL Non Acceptable Verification Level 非可接受驗證水準
NASA National Aviation and Space
Administration 美國航空暨太空總署
NC Network
Computer 網路電腦NC Numerical
Control 數值控制NDF No Defect Found 未發現瑕疵品NDI Non-Destructive
Inspection 非破壞性檢驗
NDT Non-Destructive
Testing 非破壞性試驗NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers
Association
美國電機製造業
NG Not
Good 不良品
O
Acronym English Chinese
ODM Original Design Manufacturing 原廠代工設計生產ODM Original Design and Manufacture 代工設計及製造OEE Overall Equipment Effectiveness 全廠設備效益OEM Original Equipment Manufacture 原廠代工製造生產OHCI Open Host Controller Interface USB Interface for ALI chip OJT On-the-job
Training 在職訓練/教育OLM Original Logistics Manufacturing 原廠後勤製造生產OOB Out Of Box 拆箱檢驗
OPK OEM preinstallation Kit
OPN Ordering Parts Number 訂購料號
OQA On-going
Quality
Assurance 製程中品質確保ORT On-going
Reliability
Test 連續可靠度測試OSC Oscilloscope 示波器
OSS On-Site
Service 駐廠服務
P
Acronym English Chinese
P/N Parts
Number 料號
P/R Pilot
Run 產品試作
PA Product
Assurance 產品保證暨開發
支援人員
PALC Plasma Addressed Liquid Crystal 電漿液晶顯示器
PC Personal
Computer/
Desktop & Server System
個人電腦
PCB Personal Computer Board/Mother
Board/Main Board
主機板
PCB Printed Circuit Board 印刷電路板PCBA PC
Board
Assembly 主機板裝配
PCC Project Coordination & Control 專案協調及控制
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect -----
PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card
International Association 個人電腦記憶卡國際組織
PCR Plan Change Request 計劃變更需求
PD Production
Department 生產部
Assistant 個人數位助理PDA Personal
Digital
PDCI Plan Do Check Improvement 計劃, 執行, 檢驗, 改善PDM Product Data Management 產品資料管理PDP Plasma Display Panel 電漿顯示面板
Engineering 產品工程
PE Product
PES Product External Specification 產品外部規格PEW Production Entitlement Warehouse 生產命名庫
Array 矩陣式插腳
Grid
PGA Pin
封裝元件
PH Acidity or Alkalinity of Aqueous
水溶液之酸鹼度值
Solution
PIM Product Information Management 產品資訊管理
PIO Programming Input Output 可程式化輸出入PIT Process
Team 過程改善團隊
Improvement
Array 可程化邏輯陣列PLA Programmable
Logic
PLCC Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier 有腳塑膠
封裝晶片載體
PM Product
Manager/Product
產品經理
Management
PMC Production Material Control 生產物料控制PnP Plug and Play 即插即用
POR Plan of Record -----
POS Points of Sales 銷售點
POST Power On Self Test 啟動後自我測試PPB Parts Per Billion 十億分之幾PPM Parts Per Million 百萬分之幾
PQA Product Quality Assurance 產品品質確認PQAF Product Quality Assurance - Functions產品品質確認
測試程式
PQC Process Quality Control 產品品質控制PSC Project Support & Control 專案支援及控制
Through-Hole 導通孔
PTH Plated
PUR Purchase/Procurement 採購
Chloride 聚氯乙烯/
PVC Polyvinyl
熱塑性塑膠
Assembly/PCBA 電路板組裝體
Wiring
PWA Printed
Q
Acronym English Chinese
Assurance 品質確認
QA Quality
QC Quality
Control 品質控制QCC Quality Control Circle 品管圈
QE Quality Engineer/Quality Engineering品管工程QFP Quad Flat Package 四方扁平接腳封裝
(海鷗型零件封裝)
Team 品質改進小組QIT Quality
Improvement
QLTY Quality 品質
QML Qualified Manufacturers List 合格製造廠商名單QPL Qualified Products List 合格商品名單
Quality
Test 測試單位人員QT (Product)
Turn
Around 快速接單交貨QTA Quick
QUTY Quantity 數量
QVL Qualified Vendor List 合格廠商名錄
Testing 品質確認測試
Verification
QVT Quality
R
Acronym English Chinese
R&D Research & Development 研究發展
R/N Release
Notice 許可通知RADAR RAdio Detection And Ranging 雷達
RBU Regional Business Units 地方性事業群
Emission 輻射性發射干擾RE Radiated
Ref. Reference 參考
Frequency 無線電波/射頻RF Radio
Humidity 相對溼度RH Relative
Ticket 入庫單
Receipt
RM (M/O)
Material
Authorization 退貨許可RMA Returned
Activated 松香微活化型RMA Rosin
Mildly
助焊劑RPC Rigid Printed Circuit 硬性唯讀記憶體
Susceptibility 輻射性敏感度RS Radiated
Ticket 收貨單RT Receiving
Time
Clock 即時時脈RTC Real
Vendor 退貨RTV Return
To
S
Acronym English Chinese
S System S/W Research & Development
軟體研究發展過程
Procedure
S/I Source
Inspection 來源檢驗
S/W Software 軟體
SABS South Africa Bureau of Standards 南非標準局
SAS Saudi
Arabian
Standard
沙烏地阿拉伯標準組織SBA Sideband
Address
Bus
將AGP 位址與資料分離
之匯流排
SBU Strategic Business Units 策略性事業群
SC Scrap Transaction Ticket 報廢單
SCAR Supplier Corrective Action Request 供應商修護申請表SCSI Small Computer System Interface 小型電腦系統介面SDRAM Synchronous
DRAM 同步DRAM SEO System Environment Owner -----
SFCS Shop Floor Control System 工廠資訊管理
(控制)系統SGRAM Synchronic Graphics RAM 同步GRAM
SHF Super High Frequency 超高頻率
SIMM Single in-line Memory Module 單列記憶體模組SIP Single Inline Package 單排腳直插式
封裝體
SISIR Singapore
Institute of Standards 新加坡標準及
工業研究所
SKD Semi
Knockdown
零組件出口組合電腦式SMA Surface
Mount
Assembly 表面黏著裝配
SMART Self Monitoring Analysis and
Reporting Technology 自我操控分析暨報告技術
SMBA Shared Memory Buffer Architecture 記憶體分享
緩衝架構SMCs Surface Mount Components 表面黏著零件SMDs Surface Mount Devices 表面黏裝元件SMT Surface
Mount
Technology 表面黏裝技術SNI Siemens Nixdorf Information 德國西門子SOCC Sony Component Chiba ----- SOHO Small Office Home Office 小型在家辦公室SOIC Small Outline Integrated Circuit 小型外貼腳
積體電路
SOJ Small Outline J-Bend Package 小外型J型接腳
封裝
SOP Small Outline Package 小外型封裝SOP Standard Operating Procedure 作業程序標準SPC Statistical Process Control 統計製程品管SPS Switching Power Supply 電子切換電源供應器SPT Standard
Process
Time 標準程序時間
SQC Subcontractor Quality Control 供應商品質檢驗SQC Shipping Quality Control 出貨檢驗SQC Statistical Quality Control 統計品質管制SRAM Static Random Access Memory 靜態隨機存取
記憶體
SS Ship
Support 出貨支援ST Shipping
Ticket 出貨單STB Set-top
Box 用戶終端產品
(訊號接收器) STC Shipping
To
Container 運送至貨櫃STL Shipping
To
Line 運送至定期船STS Ship
To
Stock 免檢零組件判定STT Shipping To Truck 運送至卡車SUB Sub 次要的
SVGA Synchronic Video Graphics Adapter
card 同步影像圖形
轉換卡
SWOT Strength, Weakness, Opportunity,
Threat 強勢, 弱勢, 機會, 威脅
T
Acronym English Chinese TAB Tape
Automated
Bonding 捲帶式自動
接合技術TCP Tape Carrier Package 變換藕合等離子TCP Transmission Control Protocol 傳輸控制協定TE Test
Engineering 測試工程TFT Thin
Film
Transistor 薄膜式電晶體
TFT-LCD Thin Film Transistor-Liquid Crystal
Display 薄膜電晶體液晶顯示器
TM Technical
Manager/Product
Technical
Management
技術經理TQC Total Quality Control 全面品質管制TQM Total Quality Management 全面品質管理TSES Thai Standard for Electrical Safety 泰國標準協會TSOP Thin Small Outline Package 薄超型外引腳
封裝體TSR Technical Support Request 技術支援申請TüV Technische überwachung Verein 德國工業技術
監測協會TW Interwarehouse/Location
Transaction
Ticket
移轉單
TWP Acer
TWP
Corporation 第三波文化事業
股份有限公司
TPM Total Plant Management 全面工廠管理
U
Acronym English Chinese
UB Uniload
B ----- UC
C Uniload Configuration Center 全球組裝中心
UCL Upper Control Limit 上層控制限度
UDMA Ultra Direct Memory Access -----
UHCI Universal Host Controller Interface 通用匯流排控制界面(For
Intel chip)
UHF Ultra-High
Frequency 特高頻率之電磁波
UIP Update In Progress -----
UL Underwriters Laboratories Inc. 美國保險業實驗所
UL COMPASS
Underwriters Laboratories
Compliance Management and
Product Assurance
------
ULSI Ultra Large Scale Integration 超大型積體電路
UMC UMA United Microelectronics Corp.
Unified Memory Architecture
聯華電子
VRAM share Main
Memory架構
Uniload Unit
Load 單位成品出口組裝UPH Unit Per Hour 每小時生產單位UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply 不斷電系統UPS United Parcel Service 聯合包裹快遞服務UPS Uninterruptable Power Supplier 不斷電系統USB Universal Serial Bus 通用串聯匯流排UTE Union technique de lelectricite 法國電技聯盟UV Ultra Violet Rays 紫外線
V
Acronym English Chinese VCM/HAD Voice Coil Motor/Head Disc Assembly----- VCR Video Cassette Recorder 卡帶式錄影機/
錄像機VDRAM Video
DRAM 影像 DRAM VFD Vacuum Fluorescent Display 螢光表示管顯示器VGA Video
Graphics
Adapter 視訊圖形卡VHF Very High Frequency 極高頻率之電磁波
VLSI Very Large Scale Integration 極高速積體電路
晶片
Manufacture
Audit 供應商製造審核
VMC Vendor
VOD Video On Demand 隨選視訊
VPS Vapor Phase Soldering 氣相焊接
(用於SMT)
Quality
Assurance 供應商品質保證
VQA Vendor
VQL Vendor Quality Level 供應商品質層次
Recorder 卡帶式錄影機
VTR Video
Tape
W, X, Y, Z
Acronym English Chinese
Terminal 視訊轉換盒 (based on
Based
WBT Windows
Windows CE)
Television 網路電視WebTV Web
Wii Weblink International Inc. 展碁國際
股份有限公司
WIN CE Windows Consumer Electronics 消費性電子產品
視窗作業系統Wintel (Microsoft) Windows + Intel -----
WIP Work In Process (尚在)製程中的
半成品
Instructions 工作指示
WIs Working
Sample 樣本
WS Working
WWW World Wide Web 全球資訊網
X’TAL Crystal 石英振盪器
Computer X電腦XC X
XCSA Extended Customer Simulation Audit延伸性顧客
模擬稽核
ZIP Zigzag In-line Package 鏈齒狀單排腳
封裝體
Issued by Training Center/MZH130
泵术语英汉对照
汉语术语英文 凹槽 groove 饱和压力 Saturation Pressure 保持环 retaining ring 保护层的形成 Protective Layer Formation 保护形式 Types of Protection 保证 Guarantee 背靠背叶轮泵 Back-to-back Impeller Pump 背叶片 Back Vane泵 pump 泵测试效率 pump test efficiency 泵出力 pump delivery泵的基础 Pump Foundation 泵的类型 Pump Types 泵的排出口 Pump Discharge Nozzle 泵的使用范围 Application Fields for Pumps 泵的输出功率 Pump Output 泵的旋转方向 Direction of Pump Rotation 泵房 pump house(room) 泵功率 Pump Power 泵和输送装置噪音 Noises in Pumps and Pumping Installations泵壳 Pump Casings泵内沉积物 Deposits in Pumps 泵试验台 Pump Test Bed泵输出功率的降低 Reduction in Pump Output泵输入功率 pump input power泵 体 pump casing泵吸入槽 Pump Sump泵吸入管吸上高度 pump lift泵吸入口 Pump Suction Nozzle泵效 率 pump efficiency泵效率 Pump Efficiency泵芯包 pump cartridge泵性能曲线 pump performance curve泵 站 pumping house泵轴 Pump Shaft比例泵 proportioning pump比输送功 Specific Delivery Work比转 数 Specific Speed边界层 Boundary Layer变矩桨叶 Variable Pitch Blade标准泵 Standard Pump标准化工 泵 Standard Chemical Pump标准孔板 Standard Orifice Plate标准喷嘴 Standard Nozzle标准温 度 Standard Temperature标准文丘里管 Standard Venturi Nozzle标准压力 Standard Pressure标准状 态 Standard Conditions表面保护 Surface Protection表压 Manometric Pressure并联运转 Parallel Operation伯努利方程 BERNOULLI Equation补偿器 Compensator补给水泵 make-up water pump部分负荷运 转 Part-load Operation残油输出装置 Residual Pump-out Device槽 slot测量的不精确 性 Uncertainty in Measurement测量技术 Measuring Technique测量孔板 Measuring Orifice Plate测量偏 差 Measuring Tolerance测量误差 Error of Measurement测量仪器 Measuring Device测试转速 test speed层 流 Laminar Flow齿轮泵 gear pump齿轮传动泵 Geared Pump齿轮箱 Gearbox冲击冷凝 Shock Condensation冲击压力 Impact Pressure冲角 Angle of Incidence抽出体积 Extraction Volume抽气（吸）泵；真空泵 suction pump
品质名词中英对照
品质名词（中英对照）A ABC analysis ABC 分析 Abnormality 不正常性 Abscissa 横坐标 Absolute deviation 绝对离差 Absolute dispersion 绝对离势 Absolute error 绝对误差 Absolute frequency 绝对次数 Absolute number 绝对数 Absolute reliability 绝对可靠度 Absolute term 绝对项 Absolute value 绝对值 Absolute variation 绝对变异 Abstract number 抽象数 Abstract unit 抽象单位 Accelerated factor 加速系数，加速因子Accelerated life test 加速寿命试验
Accelerated test 加速试验 Acceleration 加速度 Acceptable limit 允收界限 Acceptable process 允收制程水平Acceptable quality 允收品质 Acceptable quality level (AQL) 允收质量水平Acceptable reliability level (ARL) 允收可靠度水平Acceptability 允收性 Acceptability criterion 允收标准 Acceptance 允收，验收 Acceptance, probability of 允收机率Acceptance, region of 允收区域 Acceptance and rejection criteria 允收与拒收准则Acceptance boundary 允收界限 Acceptance coefficient 允收系数 Acceptance control chart 验收管制图Acceptance cost 验收费用 Acceptance criteria 允收准则Acceptance error 允收误差
学科的英语词汇
中英文学科专业名称 哲学 Philosophy 马克思主义哲学 Philosophy of Marxism 中国哲学 Chinese Philosophy 外国哲学 Foreign Philosophies 逻辑学 Logic 伦理学 Ethics 美学 Aesthetics 宗教学 Science of Religion 科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 经济学 Economics 理论经济学 Theoretical Economics 政治经济学 Political Economy 经济思想史 History of Economic Thought 经济史 History of Economic 西方经济学 Western Economics 世界经济 World Economics 人口、资源与环境经济学 Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学 Applied Economics 国民经济学 National Economics 区域经济学 Regional Economics 财政学（含税收学） Public Finance (including Taxation) 金融学（含保险学） Finance (including Insurance) 产业经济学 Industrial Economics 国际贸易学 International Trade
劳动经济学 Labor Economics 统计学 Statistics 数量经济学 Quantitative Economics 国防经济学 National Defense Economics 法学 Law 法学 Science of Law 法学理论 Jurisprudence 法律史 Legal History 宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 刑法学 Criminal Jurisprudence 民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law ) 诉讼法学 Science of Procedure Laws 经济法学 Science of Economic Law 环境与资源保护法学 Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law 国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law) 军事法学 Science of Military Law 政治学 Political Science 政治学理论 Political Theory 中外政治制度Chinese and Foreign Political Institution 科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动 Scientific Socialism and International Communist Movement
机械语言中英对照(节选)教材
?机械手:Extraman ?机械手:magic hand ?机械手:mechanical arm ?机械能:mechanical energy ?机械力:mechanical force ?机械爪:mechanical gripper ?机械法:mechanical process ?机械泵:mechanical pump ?机械量:mechanical quantity ?机械秤:mechanical scale ?机械波:mechanical wave ?机械功:mechanical work ?机械化:mechanization ?机械泵:rotary pump ?现有机械:existing machinery ?电影机械:film machinery ?流体机械:fluid machines ?重型机械:heavy-duty machinery ?起重机械:hoisting machinery ?液压机械:hydraulic machinery ?机械排版:machine composition ?机械抛光:machine glazed finish ?机械零二:machine parts ?机械铆接:machine riveting ?机械零二:machinery parts ?自动机械:automatic machinery ?机械黏附:mechanical adhesion ?机械导纳:mechanical admittance ?机械杂质:mechanical admixture ?机械时效:mechanical ageing ?机械分析:mechanical analysis ?机械平衡:balance of machinery ?机械偏置:mechanical bias ?机械结合:mechanical bond ?机械故障:mechanical breakdown ?机械性能:mechanical characteristic ?机械特性:mechanical characteristics ?机械检查:mechanical check ?机械分级:mechanical classification ?机械处理:mechanical conditioning ?机械连接:mechanical connection ?机械控制:mechanical control ?机械对流:mechanical convection ?机械耦合:mechanical coupling
经济学专有名词 中英对照
经济学专有名词 A accounting:会计 accounting cost :会计成本 accounting profit :会计利润 adverse selection :逆向选择 allocation 配置 allocation of resources :资源配置 allocative efficiency :配置效率 antitrust legislation :反托拉斯法 arc elasticity :弧弹性 Arrow's impossibility theorem :阿罗不可能定理Assumption :假设 asymetric information :非对称性信息 average :平均 average cost :平均成本 average cost pricing :平均成本定价法 average fixed cost :平均固定成本 average product of capital :资本平均产量
average product of labour :劳动平均产量average revenue :平均收益 average total cost :平均总成本average variable cost :平均可变成本
B barriers to entry :进入壁垒base year :基年 bilateral monopoly :双边垄断benefit :收益black market :黑市bliss point :极乐点boundary point :边界点break even point :收支相抵点budget :预算 budget constraint :预算约束budget line :预算线budget set 预算集
计算机网络专业词汇中英对照
《计算机网络》中英文对照 Chapter 1 End system P28 端系统 Modem P29 调制解调器（俗称：猫） Base station P29 基站 Communication link P30 通信链路 Physical media P30 物理介质 Coaxial cable P30 同轴电缆 Fiber optics P30 光纤 Radio spectrum P30 射频频谱 Transmission rate P30 传输速率 Packets P30 （数据）包，或分组 Routers P30 路由器 Link-layer switches P30 链路层交换机 Path P30 路径 ISP (Internet Service Provider) P30 网络服务提供商 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) P31 传输控制协议 IP ( Internet Protocol) P31 网际协议 Intranets P31 内网 API (Application Programming Interface) P32 应用程序编程接口Network edge P35 网络边缘 Access Networks P38 接入网 Ethernet P42 以太网 Network core P48 网络核心 Circuit Switching P50 电路转换 Packet Switching 分组交换 FDM (frequency-division multiplexing) P50 频分多路复用 TDM (time-division multiplexing) P50 时分多路复用 Statistical Multiplexing 统计复用 Store-and-forward 存储转发 Queuing delays P53 排队延迟 Transmission delay P60 传输延迟，或发送延迟 Propagation delay P60 传播延迟 Throughput P59 吞吐量 Internet backbone P57 骨干网 Delay P59 延迟，或时延 Loss P59 丢包 Packet-Switched Network P59 分组交换网络 Nodal processing delay P60 节点处理延迟 End-to-end delay P66 端到端延迟 Instantaneous throughput P68 瞬时吞吐量
机械零部件中英文对照
常用机械零部件中英文对照 天轴line shaft 可倾瓦块轴承tilting-pad bearing 成型填料密封shaped packing seal 曲轴crank shaft 自润滑轴承self-lubricating bearing 含油轴承oil-impregnated bearing 制动功率braking power 板弹簧leaf spring 油(气)膜振盪oil/gas whip 空气弹簧air spring 花键联接spline joint 活塞环piston ring 飞轮fly wheel 径向滑动轴承journal bearing 气体轴承gas bearing 浮环密封floating ring seal 粉末冶金轴承powder metallurgy bearing 迷宫密封labyrinth seal 带式制动器band brake 推力滑动轴承thrust bearing 液体动压轴承hydrodynamic bearing
液体静压轴承hydrostatic bearing 焊接welding 球轴承ball bearing 连桿link 嵌入离合器jaw clucth 胀圈密封piston ring seal 超越离合器overrunning clutch 塔轮step pulley 填料函密封packing box seal 块式制动器shoe brake 楔联接wedge joint 滑动轴承材料sliding bearing material 滑轮pulley 万向联轴器universal coupling 游丝hairspring 过盈配合联接interference fit joint 铆接riveted joint 电磁制动器electromagnetic brake 电磁轴承electromagnetic bearing 槓桿ganggan 滚子轴承roller bearing 滚针轴承needle bearing
品质名词中英对照
品质名词中英对照集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]
品质名词（中英对照）A ABC analysis ABC 分析 Abnormality 不正常性 Abscissa 横坐标 Absolute deviation 绝对离差 Absolute dispersion 绝对离势 Absolute error 绝对误差 Absolute frequency 绝对次数 Absolute number 绝对数 Absolute reliability 绝对可靠度 Absolute term 绝对项 Absolute value 绝对值 Absolute variation 绝对变异 Abstract number 抽象数 Abstract unit 抽象单位 Accelerated factor 加速系数，加速因子Accelerated life test 加速寿命试验Accelerated test 加速试验 Acceleration 加速度 Acceptable limit 允收界限 Acceptable process 允收制程水平
Acceptable quality 允收品质 Acceptable quality level (AQL) 允收质量水平Acceptable reliability level (ARL) 允收可靠度水平Acceptability 允收性 Acceptability criterion 允收标准 Acceptance 允收，验收 Acceptance, probability of 允收机率 Acceptance, region of 允收区域 Acceptance and rejection criteria 允收与拒收准则Acceptance boundary 允收界限 Acceptance coefficient 允收系数 Acceptance control chart 验收管制图 Acceptance cost 验收费用 Acceptance criteria 允收准则 Acceptance error 允收误差 Acceptance inspection 验收检验 Acceptance limit 允收界限 Acceptance line 允收线 Acceptance number 允收（不良品）数Acceptance plan 验收计划 Acceptance procedure 验收程序 Acceptance/rectification scheme 允收/精选方案
泵名称中英文对照表
泵名称中英对照表（三） 气举，气体升液泵：gas liftpump 气举泵：气体升液泵：mammoth pump 气密电动泵：gastight motor drivenpump 气泡泵：曼木特泵：气举泵：air lift pump 气泡泵：气举泵：gas bubblepump 气体喷射泵：gas jetpump 气体喷射真空泵：gas jet vacuumpump 气镇泵：gas ballastpump 汽车冲洗泵：car wash pump 汽车用泵：automobile pump 汽轮机驱动泵：turbine driven pump 汽轮机直联给水泵：turbine feed pump 前置泵，增压泵：boosterpump 潜水泵：submerged pump 潜水神井泵：borehole submergedpump 潜液式螺杆泵：submerged screw pump 浅井泵：shallow well pump 巧克力输送泵：choclatepump 撬式泵：滑移泵：skid mounted pump 切线增压泵：部分流泵：partial emission pump 切线增压泵：部分流泵：sundyne pump 切削冷却乳剂泵：cutting oilpump 倾斜活塞泵：inclined piston pump 清泥液泵：supernatant liquor pump 清水泵：clean waterpump 清水泵：clear waterpump 清水泵：供水泵：raw water service pump 清洗泵：washery pump 清洗泵：washing pump 清汁泵：evaporator supplypump 清汁泵：fitered juice 球形活塞泵：ball pistonpump 曲柄泵：crankpump 曲柄泵：rotative reciprocating pump 曲柄飞轮泵：crank and flywheelpump 取暖用泵：heating pump 全负荷泵：full loadpump 全可调式混流泵：mixed flow pump with blades adjustable in operation 全可调式轴流泵axial flow pump with blades adjustable in operation 全可调式轴流泵：axial flow pump with variable pitch blades 全青铜泵：all abronze pump 燃油泵：fuelpump
质量英语词汇大全(完整版)
品质名词（中英对照） A ABC analysis ABC 分析 Abnormality 不正常性 Abscissa 横坐标 Absolute deviation 绝对离差 Absolute dispersion 绝对离势 Absolute error 绝对误差 Absolute frequency 绝对次数 Absolute number 绝对数 Absolute reliability 绝对可靠度 Absolute term 绝对项 Absolute value 绝对值 Absolute variation 绝对变异 Abstract number 抽象数 Abstract unit 抽象单位 Accelerated factor 加速系数，加速因子 Accelerated life test 加速寿命试验 Accelerated test 加速试验 Acceleration 加速度 Acceptable limit 允收界限 Acceptable process 允收制程水平 Acceptable quality 允收品质 Acceptable quality level (AQL) 允收质量水平Acceptable reliability level (ARL) 允收可靠度水平Acceptability 允收性 Acceptability criterion 允收标准 Acceptance 允收，验收 Acceptance, probability of 允收机率Acceptance, region of 允收区域 Acceptance and rejection criteria 允收与拒收准则Acceptance boundary 允收界限 Acceptance coefficient 允收系数 Acceptance control chart 验收管制图 Acceptance cost 验收费用 Acceptance criteria 允收准则
最新各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表资料
各种专业名称英语词汇中英文对照表 哲学Philosophy 马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism 中国哲学Chinese Philosophy 外国哲学Foreign Philosophies 逻辑学Logic 伦理学Ethics 美学Aesthetics 宗教学Science of Religion 科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 经济学Economics 理论经济学Theoretical Economics 政治经济学Political Economy 经济思想史History of Economic Thought 经济史History of Economic 西方经济学Western Economics 世界经济World Economics 人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学Applied Economics 国民经济学National Economics 区域经济学Regional Economics 财政学（含税收学）Public Finance (including Taxation) 金融学（含保险学）Finance (including Insurance) 产业经济学Industrial Economics 国际贸易学International Trade 劳动经济学Labor Economics
统计学Statistics 数量经济学Quantitative Economics 中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称 国防经济学National Defense Economics 法学Law 法学Science of Law 法学理论Jurisprudence 法律史Legal History 宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence 民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law ) 诉讼法学Science of Procedure Laws 经济法学Science of Economic Law 环境与资源保护法学Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law 国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law) 军事法学Science of Military Law 政治学Political Science 政治学理论Political Theory 中外政治制度Chinese and Foreign Political Institution 科学社会主义与国际****主义运动Scientific Socialism and International Communist Movement 中国共产党党史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China (including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building) 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics 国际政治学International Politics 国际关系学International Relations 外交学Diplomacy 社会学Sociology
英语语法专有名词中英文对照说法
英语语法专有名词中英文对照说法 最近有同学反应，上外教课时，有些语法问题要和老师沟通，却不知道一些语法专有名词的英文怎么说，于是，只能用一大串英语来描述一个专有名词。例如，同学想问形容词的用法时，不会“形容词” 的英语说法，只好把问题这么描述:：“What are the rules of the words that are used to describe a person or thing?” 其实，the words that are used to describe a person or thing 指的就是形容词, 形容词的英文说法是“adjective”. 有鉴于此，现在把英文语法的专有名词说法，整理如下，同学花个几分钟的时间把他们记起来，下次再想问外教语法问题时，就不用那么麻烦啰！ 中文英文全称及缩写中文英文全称及缩写 名词Noun (n.) 时态Tense 代词Pronoun (pron.) 一般式Simple tense 形容词Adjective (adj./a.) 进行式Progressive tense 动词Verb (v.) 完成式Perfect tense 数词Numeral (num.) 完成进行式Perfect Progressive tense 副词Adverb (adv./ad.) 现在时Present tense 冠词Article (atr.) 过去时Past tense 介词Preposition (prep.) 将来时Future tense 连词Conjunction (conj.) 过去将来时Past future tense 感叹词Interjection (interj.) 标点符号Punctuation Mark 词法Morphology 句号(.) Period (full stop) 句法Syntax 问号(?) Question mark 句子成分Members of the 惊叹号(!) Exclamation mark Sentence 主语Subject 逗号(,) Comma 谓语Predicate 分号(;) Semicolon 表语Predicative 冒号(:) Colon
统计学专业名词中英对照
population 母体 sample 样本 census 普查 sampling 抽样 quantitative 量的 qualitative/categorical 质的 discrete 离散的 continuous 连续的 population parameters 母体参数 sample statistics 样本统计量 descriptive statistics 叙述统计学 inferential/inductive statistics 推论/归纳统计学levels of measurement 衡量尺度 nominal scale 名目尺度 ordinal scale 顺序尺度 interval scale 区间尺度 ratio scale 比例尺度 frequency distribution 次数分配 relative frequency 相对次数 range 全距 class midpoint 组中点 class limits 组限 class boundaries 组界 class width 组距 cumulative frequency (以下) 累加次数 decumulative frequency 以上累加次数 histogram 直方图 pie chart 饼图 ogive 肩形图 frequency polygon 多边形图 cumulative frequency polygon 累加次数多边形图box plot 盒须图 stem and leaf plot 枝叶图 measures of central tendency 中央趋势量数 mean 平均数 median 中位数 mode 众数 location measures 位置量数 percentile 百分位数 quartile 四分位数 decile 十分位数
品质名词中英对照
品质名词中英对照 The latest revision on November 22, 2020
品质名词（中英对照）A ABC analysis ABC 分析 Abnormality 不正常性 Abscissa 横坐标 Absolute deviation 绝对离差 Absolute dispersion 绝对离势 Absolute error 绝对误差 Absolute frequency 绝对次数 Absolute number 绝对数 Absolute reliability 绝对可靠度 Absolute term 绝对项 Absolute value 绝对值 Absolute variation 绝对变异 Abstract number 抽象数 Abstract unit 抽象单位 Accelerated factor 加速系数，加速因子Accelerated life test 加速寿命试验Accelerated test 加速试验 Acceleration 加速度 Acceptable limit 允收界限 Acceptable process 允收制程水平
Acceptable quality 允收品质 Acceptable quality level (AQL) 允收质量水平Acceptable reliability level (ARL) 允收可靠度水平Acceptability 允收性 Acceptability criterion 允收标准 Acceptance 允收，验收 Acceptance, probability of 允收机率 Acceptance, region of 允收区域 Acceptance and rejection criteria 允收与拒收准则Acceptance boundary 允收界限 Acceptance coefficient 允收系数 Acceptance control chart 验收管制图 Acceptance cost 验收费用 Acceptance criteria 允收准则 Acceptance error 允收误差 Acceptance inspection 验收检验 Acceptance limit 允收界限 Acceptance line 允收线 Acceptance number 允收（不良品）数Acceptance plan 验收计划 Acceptance procedure 验收程序 Acceptance/rectification scheme 允收/精选方案
物理海洋,大气科学 常用专业词汇中英文对照
1 advection n. 平流 2 Aleutian Low 阿留申低压 3 angular momentum 角动量conservation of angular momentum 4 antiphase n. 反位相 propagate in antiphase 5 arbitrary adj. 任意的 arbitrary constant (任意常数) 6 attenuate v. 削弱 7 available potential energy 有效位能 8 background wind field 背景风场 9 baroclinic a. 斜压的 baroclinic instability 10 barotropic a. 正压的 barotropic instability 11 be proportional to 与……成比例 12 benthic adj. 深海底的 13 boundary condition 边值条件 14 bounded domain 有界域→反：unbounded domain 15 carrier wave 载波 16 Cartesian coordinates 笛卡尔坐标系 17 circumglobal a. 环绕地球旋转的，环地球的 18 compensate v. 偿还，补偿 19 conjugate adj. 共轭的 complex conjugate (共轭复数) 20 convection n. 对流 21 convergence n. 辐合→反：divergence
22 convert v. 转换，相变 convert water into ice 23 coordinate n. 坐标 Cartesian coordinates；spherical coordinates 24 cumulative adj. 累积的 cumulative impact on 25 damping n. 阻尼；减辐，衰减 26 derivative n. 导数 the second order derivative 27 diffusion n. 扩散 28 diffusivity n. 扩散率 29 discrepancy n. 差异，矛盾 30 discrete adj. 离散的，不连续的 31 displacement n. 位移 angular displacement 32 dissipative a. 耗散的 dissipative effect 33 divergence n. 辐散→反：convergence 34 Drake Passage 德雷克海峡 35 empirical adj. 经验的 model and empirical studies 36 entropy n. 熵 specific entropy (比熵) 37 equilibrium n. 平衡，均衡 38 equivalent n. & adj. 相似的（物），等价的（物） 39 essence n. 基本，本质 40 exponential n. & adj. 指数（的） 41 geostrophic adj. 地转的 42 Icelandic Low 冰岛低压 43 Indonesian Throughflow 印尼贯穿流
飞机专业术语(英汉对照)
1、the airframe 机身,结构 2、The front (fore) part 前部 3、The rear (aft) part 后部 4、port 左旋(舵) 5、starboard 右旋(舵) 6、the inboard engine or inboards 内侧发动机 7、the outboard engine or outboards 外侧发动机 8、the nose 机头 9、the belly 腹部 10、the skin 蒙皮 11、the windscreen or windshield 风挡 12、the wing 机翼 13、the trailing edge 机翼后缘 14、the leading edge 机翼前缘 15、the wing tip 翼尖 16、the control surface 操纵面 17、ailerons 副翼 18、flaps (inboard flap,outboard flap,leading edge flaps) 襟翼（内侧襟翼，外侧襟翼，前缘缝翼） 19、spoilers (inboard\outboard spoiler)(spoiler down\up) 阻力板，扰流板（内、外侧扰流板）（扰流板放下、打开） 20、slats 缝翼 21、elevators (elevator control tab) 升降舵（升降舵操纵片） 22、rudder (rudder control tab) 方向舵（方向舵操纵片）
23、flap angle 襟翼角 24、flap setting 襟翼调整 25、the full flap position 全襟翼位置 26、a flapless landing 无襟翼着陆 27、the landing gear 起落架 28、stabilizer 安定面 29、the nose wheel 前轮 30、gear locked 起落架锁定 31、the wheel well 起落架舱 32、the wheel door 起落架舱门 33、a tyre 轮胎 34、to burst 爆破 35、a deflated tyre 放了气的轮胎 36、a flat tyre 走了气的轮胎 37、a puncture 轮胎被扎破 38、to extend the flaps (to retract the flaps) 放下襟翼（收上襟翼） 39、gear extention (gear retraction) 起落架放下（起落架收上） 40、The gear is jammed. 起落架被卡死。 41、The flaps are jammed. 襟翼被卡死。 42、the emergency extention system 应急放下系统 43、to crank the gear down 摆动放下起落架 44、the brakes 刹车