英语常用词翻译

因为专业，所以专业。------英语、高翻专业人的菜

从无到有

开始

Begin, start, begin with, spring, start up, set off on, break out, strike up, originate from,;

Initiate, launch, originate, sprout; unfold; unleash

outset, onset,

Rudimentary, elementary,

出现

Appear, appear to be, emerge, arise, loom, turn out, show up, com out, come into sight/view, come forth

发生

Happen, occur, take place, come about,

Happening occurrence

产生,创造

create, produce, bring about, yield, give birth to, bear, bring into being, generate, beget，germinate;

Invent, innovate, renovate, plan, design, imagine, conceive, devise, formulate, imagine, envision,

建立

Found, set, built up, construct, institute, constitute, set up, establish

制造,组成

Make, make up, produce, construct, turn out, manufacture, form, shape, compose, compile, concoct, fabricate

生长壮大

复制,繁殖58

Copy, duplicate, reproduce, multiply.

发育，发展

Grow, develop, breed, bring up, nurture, cultivate, hone, raise, foster, (主动) Develop, advance, progress, move forward, go forward, proceed（自我成长）Burgeon, flourish, thrive, bloom, blossom, boom, prosper;

保持，延续

Continue, last, carry on, keep on, keep, remain maintain retain

Perpetuate,

Persevere, stick with, insist on, persist in,

Continuous, incessant, permanent, constant, steady, unbroken, perpetual, everlasting, eternal, lasting, unending, uninterrupted, undying, immortal, invariable,

存在,生存

Exist，found, stand, lay in, be rooted in，be embedded in,

Substance, matter, object, material, stuff, things, entity,

individual, creature, beings,

Topic, subject, issue, theme, gist, item, content, point,

Extant, existing, in existence, substantive, ubiquitous, omnipresent, universal, survive，outlive，outlast, remain alive，

Endure, undergo,

从有到无

结束，停止53

stop，finish, be over, cease, discontinue, wind up, bring to an end(close, halt), end，come to an end, end up, terminate，quench，quell，run out, expire, conclude

adjourn/dissolve/lull/subvert,abortaive,

Surcease, cessation,

impasse, deadlock, logjam, stalemate,

Ultimate, final, eventual,

Abeyance, suspend, interruption, brake, halt, pause,

死亡,毁灭

Perish, annihilate, kill, exterminate, take life, slay, hatchet, slaughter, assassinate, famish, smother, throttle, strangle, stifle, decimate,

Die, pass away, perish, expire, run out,

decease, death, demise,

Defunct, moribund, dying,

Fatal, formidable, deadly, fatality.

取消,废除550

Cancel, annul,call off, do away with,

Abolish, desuetude, disuse, abandon, repeal, revoke, invalidate, rescind, nullify Obsolete, out of date, outmoded, out of fashion, old-fashioned,

除去551

Remove，erase，delete, extinguish, exterminate, eliminate, eradicate, extirpate, efface，clear away, throw away, do away with, wipe out, get rid of , rule out, Obliterate, expurgate, expunge, purify, purge,

破坏

Destroy, damage, wreck, devastate, raze, ravage, knock down, demolish, vandalize, tear down, ruin, spoil, dilapidate,

Perdition，

detrimental，harmful, injurious,

topple down

/inclement/

伤害

Damage Bruise, mar, maul, do harm to, injure, wound, hurt, impair, harm, hurt, wound, harm, break, fracture, maim, cripple, mangle, mutilate;

cut, gash, fracture, break

灾祸

Disaster, catastrophic, calamity, cataclysm, carnage, massacre, holocaust, decimate, wreck, accident,

Misfortune, hapless, mishap,

逐渐消亡

Rot way, perish, decay, disintegrate, decompose, deteriorate, molder, aggravate, worsen, exacerbate, corrupt,

Rotten, decayed, corrupt, damaged;

decrepit ,decrepitude, dilapidate

状态之改变

正面

能力，强，权力

Enable, facilitate, empower, entitle, enhance,

Strengthen, reinforce, sustain, countenance, consolidate,

Able, be capable of doing , competent, potent, omnipotent, puissant, resourceful Ability, capability, capacity, skill, forte，competence, faculty

Intelligence, aptitude, flair, talent

Clever, bright, talented, astute, wisdom, wise, smart, acumen,

Hegemony, puissance, resource, power, energy, authority, influence, impact, supremacy, potency, strength, force, vigor;

大

Aggrandize, amplify, augment, broaden, widen, extend, enlarge, magnify, enlarge,

Exaggerate, overstate, overstress, overemphasize,

多,增加

Enrich, increase, add to, abound, fill, fill up, replenish, stock up, add, put in, raise,

Accrue, mount up, augment, accumulate, rise

Abundant, plentiful, more than enough, profuse, copious, rich, wealthy, generous, numerous, in great numbers;

sufficient, enough, adequate, ample, as much as necessary,

Increment, accretion, growth, augmentation,

高

Raise, lift up, improve, enhance, elevate, escalate, heave, heighten, hoist, Rise, increase, ascend, mount, go up, climb scale, jack up, skyrocket, surge, upsurge

High, tall, in height, lofty, towering, lanky;

Height, stature, elevation, altitude

有助

Help, assist, aid, subsidize, help to, conduce to,, contribute to, function to, be of assistance, lend a hand, facilitate, enhance,

Helper, aide, assistant, accessory, ancillary, accomplice, auspices,

支持

Support, bolster, boost, brace, buttress, espouse, proponent, underpin, embrace, exponent,

快216

Accelerate, hasten, speed up, quicken up, expedite

Run, scurry, scuttle, scamper, prance, gallop, sprint, scud, Dart, fleet, rush, Fast, quick, rapid, swift, expeditious, speedy, fleeting, brisk

Speed, swiftness, pace, velocity, rapidity, tempo, rate, quickness, promptness,

有效,起作用

Effective, efficient, effectual, successful, useful, helpful, functional, applicable, operative, working, active, functioning, in operation, in use,

Available, serviceable,

Impact, influence,

自由，解脱

Release, free, set free, set off, liberate, unshackle, unfetter, emancipate, manumit, disentangle, untangle, extricate, unravel,

中性

变

Change, alter, modify, vary, turn, become, adjust, amend, transform, distort, modulate, transmute, shift, transfigure,

Fluctuate, move, revolutionize, alternate, shift

Diversified, volatile, fickle, mercurial, protean, erratic, eccentric, irregular, inconsistent,

Changeable, unsettled, variable, malleable, mutable,

Change, alteration, variation, modification, transition, renovation, recondition, mutation;

修改

Redress, rectify, revise, emend, renovate, innovate, recondition,

负面

弱

Weaken, enervate, vitiate, sap, impair, emaciate, attenuate, dilute

Wane, sag, fade, flag, deteriorate, exacerbate, wither, blight, dry up, wilt, sere, sear, shrink, shrivel,

Weak, feeble, effete, wan, frail, lacking in strength, impotent, feeble, lethargic Infirmity, weakness, decadence, decadent,

减少，降低

Lower, reduce, decrease, drop off, abate, decline, dwarf, dwindle, rarefy, curtail, shorten, abridge, truncate, dock, decline, slump, eclipse, subside, shrink, ebb, Diminish, lessen, debase, dilute, moderate, die down, grow less intense, cut down, ebb, cut back,

慢

Decelerate, slow, slow down, retard, hold back,

Slow, sluggish,

Postpone, put off, delay, defer, procrastinate, adjourn,

Dilatory, tardy, slack, sluggish,

平息

reconcile, comfort, placate, conciliate, reassure，allay, calm, console, soothe, pacify, assuage, mitigate, palliate, salve, temper,

palliation, reconciliation,

禁止，限制

Prohibit, proscribe, forbid, ban, restrain, interdict, overrule, veto, stop from Limit, restrict, confine, blockade, fetter, shackle, circumscribe

Prohibited, forbidden, banned, illegal, outlawed, proscribed, taboo;

Durance, taboo,

控制, 抑制

Control, wield, hold, steer, helm, maneuver, manipulate, dominate, regulate, rein in, direct, rule, govern, reign, regiment

Curb, bridle, yoke, restrain inhibit smolder, suffocate，refrain from

阻碍455

Hinder, hamper, check, stunt, impede, block, obstruct, retard, interrupt, hold back, prevent from, forestall, keep from, deter from, discountenance, lumber, thwart, stem, stymie, frustrate, stump, stem,

Entangle, enmesh, ensnare, entrap,

Barrier, obstacle, obstruction, impediment, setback, hindrance, hurdle, blockade, blockage,

morass, predicament, plight, straits, quandary,

strait,

预防

Forestall, proselytize, preclude, prevent,

干预432

Interfere, intervene, intercede, meddle, annoy, vex, nettle, perturb, disturb, discomfit, molest, pester, bother, annoy, harass, intrude,

Mediate,

Inroad, raid, assail, assault, attack, trespass, infringe, attack, foray, intrude, encroach,

Turbulence, disturbance

得到，付出

付出

给

Give, offer, endow, endue, present, bestow, provide, supply, furnish

Impart, instruct, apprise, teach, instill, inculcate,

Proffer, confer, donate, contribute, subscribe, bequeath,

Issue, flow out, release,

支出

Cost, spend, pay, pay out, expend, disburse,

Prodigal, profligate, splurge, spendthrift, dissipate

frugal, scrimp, skimp, abstemious,

Expenditure, subvention,

归还,偿439

Return, hand out, restore, reciprocate, remunerate, revert,

Compensate, reimburse, indemnify, expiate, atonement,

Salary, remuneration, Emolument, honorarium,

分配

Distribute, allocate, issue, hand out, apportion, allot, dispense, ration, allot, assign, designate;

Distribution, dispensation ration, allotment

施加

impose, entail, exert, inflict, suppress, subjugate, compress ,repress, coerce，

使满

Suffice, satiate, satisfy, cater, sate, meet requirement, gratify

Suffuse, implant, instill, infuse, fill, impregnate,

放弃

Relinquish, give up, disclaim, abdicate, abjure, waive, renounce, recant, wean, forsake, abdicate, desert, forswear, renounce, repudiate, forgo, disown, disavow, abandon

Renunciation,

获得

得到

Get, receive, Accept, attain, acquire, obtain, gain, repossess, retrieve, procure, catch,

Earn, profit, embezzle, peculate, defalcate, graft, appropriate,

Obtainable, accessible, receptive,

Receiver, recipient, procurement

夺

Deprive, take away, exact, extort, dispossess, bereave, divest, strip,

Loot, ravage, ransack, sack, despoil, plunder, rapine, snatch, ,exploit, distill, Confiscate, impound, sequestrate, forfeit, expropriate

Exaction, depredation, spoliation,

吸引

Attract, appeal, fascinate, draw, charm, intrigue, enchant, tempt, allure, enchant, enthrall, rivet, fix, spellbind, intoxicate, engross, occupy, captivate, enamor, Attractive, appealing, charming, pleasing, attractiveness, fascination, charisma, personal, magnetism, attraction, fascination,

包含510

Contain, consist of, comprise, cover, encompass, span, contain, encompass, subsume, consist of, include, involve, embroil, implicate, ;

Configuration component，

需要,

Require, call for, need, demand, necessitate,

Necessary, required, requisite, essential,

Requisite, prerequisite, requirement, precondition,

使

使

Cause to be, make, lead to, render, turn into, trigger, activate, cause,

要求，请求，

Request, ask, entreat, demand, petition, appeal to

Solicit, invoke, plead, implore, beseech, adjure,

Dictate, command, mandate, order, instruct, charge,

Imperative, essential, compulsory, mandatory, urgent, obligatory,

Request, requisition, petition, invocation;

促使，劝说，

Advise, urge, argue, advocate, persuade, sway, influence,

Convince, expostulate, exhort, hortative

刺激，激发，鼓励

Stimulate, activate, spur, incite, agitate, inspire, arouse, excite, provoke, actuate, incite, foment, stir up, trigger, Kindle, enkindle, ignite

encourage, motivate, invigorate, prompt, instigate,

Impetuous, impulsive;

Drive, motivation, incentive, inducement, impetus

推动，驱动，迫使

Push, drive, propel, force, oblige, propel, compel goad

威逼利诱

欺骗，伪装

Deceive, dupe, cheat, swindle, hoodwink,

Disguise,

Duplicity, artifice, chicanery, deception, scheme, subterfuge, duplicity.

引诱

Beguile, lure, tempt, allure, entice, tantalize, coax, delude, cozen, beguile,, Guile, deceit, cunning, wile, trickery

Wily

威吓

Threaten, menace, intimidate ,hector, frighten, bully,

Threatening, menacing,

Threat, menace

允许,承认

Allow, let, permit, license

Allowance, license, permission, consent, sanction, authorization

心理

想要

期望

Expect, look forward to, wait for, look ahead to, suppose, anticipate, await

欲望，欲求

Wish, want, desire, long, yearn, aspire, crave, hanker, covet:

Desirous, eager, avid, greedy, acquisitive, much desired, coveted, ambitious, enterprising;

Longing, aspiration, yearning, ambition, avarice, desire for, appetite, desire

意图

Intend, tend to, mean, plan, be inclined to, predispose, resolve, prone to, apt to, disposed to, attempt to, aim to, be set to, have in mind, slant

Intentionally, purposely, deliberately, consciously,

Intention, motive, tendency, trend, proclivity, inclination, acclivity declivity, Liable, inclined to, willingly, likely

不愿意

Waver, hesitate, oscillate, vacillate, boggle, pause, falter,

reluctant, unwilling，irresolute, indecisive, undetermined, uncertain, undecided, unsure,

Reluctantly, unwillingly

Reluctance, unwillingness

认知

感觉，察觉

Sense, feel, savor, be conscious of, be aware of, regain consciousness, perceive, Cognize, regard,

Detect, identify, notice, recognize, observe,

Heed, pay/give heed to, take heed/notice of, notice, pay/give attention to Conscious, aware capable of feeling, sentient, percipient, cognizant, Consciousness, awareness, feeling, sense, sensation,

Attention, heed, notice

思考

Think, consider, ponder, speculate, contemplate, reflect, muse, ponder, contemplate, muse, meditate, ruminate, chew, deliberate, take into account, take into consideration, cross one's mind, flash across one's mind, pass through one's mind, occur to sb

thoughtful, meditative, pensive

thought,consideration,reflection,contemplation

理解

know, understand, realize, appreciate, grasp, apprehend, figure out, be informed about, read, make out, go one’s idea across, decipher, decode, recognize, comprehend, be acquainted with, be familiar with,

忽视，忘记, 没感觉

Forget, not remember, neglect, ignore, overlook, disregard, pay no attention to, take no notice of

Condone, excuse, and forgive, pardon, absolve, exonerate, extenuate, Oblivious, remiss, delinquent, negligent,

Neglectful, forgetful

Oblivion, remission, omission.

Amnesia, amnesty, inattention, oversight

Ignorant, unknown,

unconscious, unaware, insensitive, unresponsive

清楚

clarify, elucidate, shed light on, illuminate, make clear

explicit, overt, precise, unambiguous, plain, clear, unequivocal,

clarity, clearness, lucidity, transparency, simplicity, precision.

迷惑

Confuse, puzzle, muddle, bewilder, perplex, baffle, nonplus, flummox, disconcert, confound, mix up, fluster, obscure, obfuscate, perplex

Quandary, dilemma, plight, predicament,

态度

正面

赞成,同意

Approve, endorse, grant, confirm, ratify, agree with, consent, endorse, approbate, assent, approve, accord, agree, accede, resonate,

Unanimous, in full accord,

Approval, agreement, concurrence, unanimity, approbation. Uniformity, consistency, endorsement, confirmation, ratification, sanction,

allow, permit, let, consent to

肯定，相信

Certain, sure, ascertain,

positive, confident, convinced, assured,

Inevitable, certainly, surely, positively, definitely, confidently, assuredly, inevitably, undoubtedly, unquestionably, unequivocally

Believe, trust, entrust, have faith in,

fidelity, loyalty, faith, affidavit, conviction,

喜欢，赞美

Love, be fond of, like, favor,

worship, adore,

Laud, praise, commend, extol, exalt, exult, eulogize, honor, pay tribute to, hymn, paean, carol, psalm, encomium,

不喜欢，

Loath, hate, dislike, abhor, repulse, repel, abominate, detest,

Heinous, odious, hateful, repellent, repulsive, repugnant obnoxious,

Aversion, odium, aversion, revulsion, abhorrence,

不同意，反对

Disagree, dissent, reject, and disallow discord,

Contradict, gainsay, say the opposite to, oppose, counter, be in opposition to, go up against, defy, controvert, impugn,

Inconsistent, contradictory, in disagreement, at odds

Disharmony, dissonance

Opposing, dissenting, opposite, contradictory, override contrariwise, oppositely; Dispute, argue,

反驳

Refute, rebut, retort, deny, confute, contest, disprove

羞辱，贬义

Embarrass, humiliate, disgrace, dishonor, mortify, demean, discomfit, degrade, undermine

Embarrassed, ashamed, unembarrassed, unabashed

Humiliation, chagrin

忧虑

Worry about, fret over, feel anxious, uneasy about, be concerned about,

fret, agony,

Anxious, uneasy;

Anxiety, concern, uneasiness, disquietedness, nervousness

疑问,不相信

Doubt, query, question, inquiry,

Discredit, distrust, disbelieve, mistrust, suspect, be suspicious of, have doubts about

Doubtful, misgiving, skeptical, dubious, incredulous,;

Doubt, incertitude, questioning, skepticism, implausibility, incredibility

批评，谴责

Criticize, censure, condemn, denounce, attack, rail, rebuke, blame, reprove, reprimand,

reproach; diatribe, reproof, reprimand

分久必合，合久必分

合，和

同,等, 似

Accord, match, equal, like, resemble, approximate,

Same, unified, matching, much the same, be similar to, akin to, the same as, equivalent, identical parallel

Equivalent, congruity, concord, parallel, similarity, parallelism, tantamount, tally, Resemble, bear a resemblance to, be like, look like, simulate, take after, imitate, mimic, copy, emulate,

比较

Compare, contrast, weigh against, judge against, balance, parallel Comparatively, relatively

适合

Suitable, fit, suited, proper, right, appropriate, apposite, apropos, opportune, fitting, apt,

suitably, properly, rightly, appropriately, fittingly, aptly,

相容

Compatible, well-matched, well-suited, attuned, companionable, congenial, affable, amicable,

Accommodate, Harbor, lodge,

陪伴

Accompany with, go along with, go together with, go with, come with, keep sb. Company, join, escort, convoy, cling to

合作,合并

Work together, cooperate, come together, and collaborate, join forces, team up, Merge, unite, connect, bond, bring together, combine, associate, amalgamate, swallow up, become one, come together, Affiliate, annex, coalesce, incorporate, integrate, put together, join together.

Involve, embroil, include,

Weld, join, solder,

Merger, combination, solidarity, coalition, cohesion, conglomeration, agglomeration, confluence, Rapport, rapprochement, inseparable,

聚集

Gather, accumulate, amass, collect, pile up, heap up, compile, assemble, garner, convene, summon, organize, call together,

swarm, throng, teem, crowd

Rally, confer, muster, congregate, aggregate, put together, amass, convoke, convene, collect a supply of;

Collection, group, multitude, flock, herd, array, accumulation, accretion, backlog. Gregarious,

联系，依靠

Link, relate, connect, associate, correlate, attach, fasten, clinch, cling to, tie, adhere, affiliate, pertain, trace;

Relevant, pertinent, germane,

Link, bond, nexus, linkage, relationship, attachment,

Rely on, trust, depend on, count on;

Reliable, foolproof, dependable, independent, sovereign;

trust, reliance, dependence,

整体,全部，广义

Complete, total, entire, full, whole, thorough, comprehensive, all-round, versatile, plenary

Generally, entirely, fully, wholly, thoroughly, exhaustively, usually, largely, mainly, mostly, for the most part, on the whole, in general

All over, throughout;

交易，遇见，互相

Trade, exchange, deal, do business, transact, interact, intertwine, swap, switch, Trade, commerce, interplay, commodity, goods, merchandise, transaction, interaction

Meet, encounter, run into, run across, come across, happen to see, discover; Mutual, reciprocal, vice versa,

遵守，认同

Obey, comply with, act upon, follow, meet the terms, act in accordance, submit, observe, conform,

Accordance, tractable, obedient, ductile, compliant, docile, manageable, tame,

分

分开，部分

Divide, break up, separate, undo, seclude, sever, diversify, bifurcate, ramify, disconnect, cede, sunder, asunder, part, partition, isolate, part, detach, Exclude, occluded, preclude, segregate, seclude

Disband, dismiss, scatter, estrange, segment, cleave, rift, disintegrate, split up, fall apart, collapse,

Fission, crevice, partition, detachment, secession,

Section, aspect, feature, facet, respect, side, sector, division, part, segment, fragment, piece, portion

背离

Digress, deviate, diverge, astray, depart, swerve, deflect, defection, apostate, betray, divagate, secede egress,

Perfidious, infidelity, disloyal, unfaithfulness, disaffected,

不同

Different, dissimilar, unlike, incongruous, discordant, disparate,

Multifarious, motley, various varied, diversified,

Diversity, shade, nuance, disparity, discrepancy, difference, variance, multiplicity,

不相容，不适合

Incompatible, mismatched, unsuited, discordant, inharmonious, unsuitable, improper, wrong, inappropriate, inopportune, unfit

unsuitably, inappropriately,

违背，对立

Contravene, defend, break, breach, disobey, counter, resist, violate, defy, flout, infringe,

infraction,

对立

争，斗，努力

Compete, via, contend, struggle, wrestle, tussle, challenge, fight against, emulate, rival, conflict, contest, strife, confront, face up to,

Strive, make an effort, endeavor to, try to do, attempt to do, struggle;

Effort, attempt

antagonistic, hostile, friction

躲避

Avoid, escape, keep away from, stay away from, shun, wince, flee, run away, flight, parry, evade, dodge, sidestep, elude, shirk,

成

Win, succeed, triumph, prevail, outstrip, outwit, transcend, exceed, surmount, overcome surpass,

Fulfill, complete, accomplish, finish, achieve, reach, approach, realize, soar, Subdue, suppress, override, overrule, subvert, topple,

Consummation, achievement, feat, attainment, accomplishment.

Accessible, reachable, attainable, obtainable, approachable,

败

Fail, be unsuccessful, be abortive, flunk, founder, bungle, sink, be fruitless, bungle, blunder, bumble, muff

Failure, abortion, crash

stranded,

处理

对付,处置

Deal with, cope with, and dispose, handle, manage, process,

Disposition

选择

Choose, select, favor, prefer, pick,

传递

Transmit, pass, hand on, transcribe, transfer, move, convert, convey, send, ferry, transport,

Impart, inculcate, instruct, teach, inform, apprise, pass on

transfusion,

采用，利用

Make use of, use, employ, utilize, exploit, consume, harness, assume, take on

手段，工具

By means of, by way of, by virtue of , method, manner, means, device, instrument, facility, implement, apparatus, appliance, mechanism, gadget, utensil, tools,

contrivance, maneuver, tactic, mean, expedient, stratagem, tact, ploy,

artifice, chicanery, scheme, plan, project, program

行为，

Act, perform, behave, work, serve as, operate, run, function to, conduct;

Be engaged in, carry on, indulge in, participate, endeavor to, take part in, devote to, dedicate to,

Behavior, demeanor, conduct, action, performance,

信息处理

表达

说,表达

say, tell, talk, speak, utter, express, voice, state, articulate, pronounce, emote, Declare, pronounce, claim, announce, address, intimate

Equivocate, prevaricate, prattle, stammer,

chat, discuss, converse, bargain, negotiate,

talk, chat, discussion, debate, conversation, colloquy

提出

Suggest, propose, present, put forward, recommend, advocate, advise, posit, aver, allege, postulate, propound, tender,

Hint, imply, insinuate, allude,

描述

Describe, depict, illustrate, limn, recount, portray, represent, define, characterize, delineate, sketch out,;

description, version

解释,说明

Explain, interpret, explicate, detail, clarify, make clear, construe, misconstrue, elucidate, shed light on, decipher,, expound, disabuse, explain in detail, account for;

Exposition, exhibition, connotation, exegesis, gloss annotate,

表明

Show, demonstrate, evince, indicate, display, exhibit,

获取信息

观察,探求

observe, view, see, spot, watch, notice, make out, perceive, bring attention to, be aware of,

distinguish, discern, detect, scrutinize, monitor, study, sight, inquire, probe, search, explore,

Search, grope, probe, plumb, fathom, research,

quest;

调查，检查

Inspect, examine, scan, study, check, investigate, censor, peruse, look into, look over, scrutinize, survey,

Inspection, examination, census, censor, investigation, scrutiny, survey, inquiry, census, poll

纪录，记载

Record, register, document ,write down, take down, put down, note down, detail, keep details,

逻辑

分析证明

Analyze, consider, infer, extrapolate, prove, justify, confirm, verify, validate, testify, attest, authenticate, substantiate, give evidence, corroborate

假设

Presume, assume, suppose, imagine, premise, surmise,

推断

Induce, infer, deduce, reason, derive from, ratiocinate, conclude,

因果

result from, result in, according to, attribute to, ascribe to, credit to, account for, derive from, arise from,

proof, evidence, inference, conclusion,

convince,

cogent, sound, logical, rational,

真，正确

True, right, correct, proper, real, actual, genuine, veritable, veracious, authentic truly, really, actually, in fact, authentically, realistically, pragmatically; genuinely veraciously，faultless, impeccable, in the right way

Truth, canon, criterion, norm, axiom, veracity. Rationale, truism, maxim, correct, revise, rectify

假,错

False, wrong, incorrect, fallacious mistaken, erroneous, unreal, errant, faulty Fake, sham, phony, pretended, simulated, pseudo

Mistakenly, erroneously;

Mistake, error, fault, fallacy, misconception, illusion;

take A as B, confuse A with B, mistake A for B, erroneously identify A as B, falsify,

发现, 揭示

Discover, find out, learn, reveal, disclose, unveil, expose, divulge, make known, debunk, declassify, decode, decipher, translate, make out, revelation,

其它

强调的，

Absolutely, incontrovertible, indispensable，indisputable, inalienable, indubitable, incontestable, irrefutable, incontrovertible;

重要的

Consequential, imponderable, paramount, substantial, major, significant, important, leading, major, dominant, predominant, prevailing, key, pivotal, decisive, critical, crucial, basic, fundamental, radical, essential, primary, integral, inherent, indispensable, necessary

优缺点

Advantage, benefit, advantageous, valuable, precious, positive, positive aspect, helpful, asset, valuable quality.

Disadvantage, drawback, weakness, shortcoming, downside, negative aspect, unfavorable feature.

明显的，突出的，优秀的，杰出的

Obvious, apparent, evident, conspicuous visible, noteworthy, noticeable, notable, manifest, outstanding, remarkable, salient, prominent, eminent, distinguished, striking, extraordinary, excellent, monumental, phenomenal,

主要

mainly, chiefly, principally, predominatly, basically, fundamentally, primarily, inherently,

英汉外来词的对比及翻译

英汉外来词的对比及翻译 摘要：一种语言借用、吸收另一种语言的词语，这是语言的普遍现象。而在语言的动态发展变化中，词汇的变化是最敏感、最快捷、最频繁的。对比英汉外来词的产生方式，分析其原因，促进翻译的发展，反应事物文化，将符合人们心理的优质外来词吸入本族语言，丰富本族语言，推进语言的发展。 关键词：外来词对比翻译方式 随着世界各民族之间的各种形态接触，一个民族语言中的某些形式传至另一个民族的语言，于是就产生了外来词，吸收和使用外来词成为语言词汇变化的重要因素。叶斯帕森说，“没有任何一种语言是绝对纯洁的，我们也找不出一个没有吸收外来词的民族。”萨丕尔也曾指出, 由于交际的需要, 使说一种语言的人们直接或间接和那些邻近的或文化优越的语言说者发生接触。然而各种语言对外来词语吸收、消化的能力，存在着很大差异。 1 汉字吸收外来词的主要方式 汉字既有表意功能，又有表音功能。因此，外来词要进入汉语的词汇系统，必须接受汉语的语音、语法和构词规则等各方面的改造，以符合汉语的发音习惯、语法和词汇规则。因为现代汉字是“表意和表音文字”。外来词有音译词、意译词、音意兼译词和直接借用四种主要形式。 通过音译借用吸收，语音和语义全部借自外族词，例如，“罗曼蒂克”，这四个字内部并无一定的语义关系，它只是音译了英语（romantic）。音译是用发音近似的汉字将英语翻译过来，这种被译音了的汉字不再有其自身的原意，只是保留其语音和书写形式。再如：歇斯底里（hysteric）、幽默（humor）、布丁(pudding)、康乃馨（carnation）、马赛克（mosaic）、扑克(poker)、马拉松（Marathon）等。 通过意译改造融合。意译词是运用本族语言的构词材料和规则构成的新词，把外语中的某个意义移植进来。例如，“传真（fax）”、“安乐死（euthanasia）”、工会（trade union）、篮球（basketball）等。 通过音意兼译。用汉字记录外来词的读音的同时也用汉字的意义表示其意义。如：奔驰（bonze）、香波(shampoo)、蹦极跳(bungee)。也可采用半部分音译，半部分意译，如：呼拉圈(hula-hoop)、绷带（bandage）、白金汉宫(Buckingham Palace)、水上芭蕾(water ballet)、奶昔(milk shake)等。 直译。这种词往往有两个以上的构成部分，直译的时候就按照这些构成部分进行意译，然后拼凑成词。如将“honey”直译为“蜜”，将“moon”直译为“月”，结构形式也是直接照搬，同外语原词同构，如原词“honeymoon”，译词也作“蜜月”。如：马力(horse power)、篮球(basketball)、白领阶层（white collar）、自我实现

英语单词翻译

1.point and click (鼠标）点击 2.integrated circuit 集成电路 3.online transactions 网上交易 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4316058402.html,puter monitor 电脑显示器 5. projector 投影仪 6. screen saver 电脑保护系统 7. virtual currency 虚拟货币 8. computerized system 计算机系统 9. internet distance learning 网络远程教育 10. anti-virus programs 杀毒软件 11. bar code 条形码 12. cordless telephone 无线电话 13. cyberspace 网络空间 14. desktop 桌面，台式机 15. digital television 数字电视 16. video camera 摄像机 17. electronic hearing aid 电子助听器 18. fiber optic technology 光纤技术 19. firewall 防火墙 20. genetic engineering 基因工程 21. hacker 黑客 22. intelligent system 智能系统 23. it-industry 信息产业 24. minicomputer 小型计算机 25. multimedia learning system 多媒体学习系统 26. palmtop 掌上电脑 27. password 密码，口令 28. software package 软件包 29. solar collector 太阳能集热器 30. terminal 终端 文化教育词汇 1. educational background 教育背景 2. educational history 学历 3. curriculum 课程 4. major 主修 5. minor 未成年的；次要的；较小的未成年人副修 6. educational highlights 课程重点部分 7. specialized courses 专业课 8. social practice 社会实践 9. part-time jobs 兼职 10. extracurricular activities 课外活动 11. recreational activities 娱乐活动 12. academic activities 学术活动

英语六级 翻译常用词

剪纸paper-cuts 除夕the eve of the lunar New Year 守岁stay up late on the New Year’s Eve 放爆竹let off firecrackers 拜年pay a New Year visit 团圆饭family reunion dinner 敬酒propose a toast 红包red packets (cash wrapped up in red paper) 舞狮lion dance 舞龙dragon dance 灯笼lantern 灯谜riddles written on lanterns 灯会exhibit of lanterns 表示主要的，重要的词primary, major, main, chief, important, essential, significant 表示充足的enough, sufficient, plenty, abundant 表示适当的appropriate 表示提升，改善，加强enhance, improve, strengthen 表示合法valid, legal, lawful, rightful 表示卓越不凡extraordinary, excellent, uncommon, remarkable, outstanding. 表示很有名气well-known, noticeable, famous 表示义务，有责任去做compulsory, required, obligatory 表示积极，主动positive, proactive 表示合理sound, rational, correct, sensible, logical,

英语语法常用词汇-参考模板

English grammar terms often used 英语语法常用词语1．Parts of speech 词类 noun 名词pronoun 代词numeral 数词adjective 形容词verb 动词adverb副词article 冠词preposition介词conjunction连词interjection感叹词particle 小品词 2. Word building 构词法 conversion 转化derivation 派生affixation词缀法prefix前缀suffix后缀compound words 合成词 3．Classification of nouns 名词的分类 common nouns普通名词proper nouns 专有名词 individual nouns个体名词collective nouns 集合名词 material nouns 物质名词abstract nouns 抽象名词 countable nouns 可数名词uncountable nouns不可数名词 the singular form 单数形式the plural form 复数形式 the common case 普通格the possessive case 所有格 the subjective case 主格the objective case 宾格 person 人称third person singular 第三人称单数 4. Classification of pronouns 代词的分类 personal pronouns 人称代词possessive pronouns 物主代词 self pronouns 反身代词demonstrative pronouns 指示代词 interrogative pronouns 疑问代词conjunctive pronouns 连接代词 relative pronouns 关系代词reciprocal pronouns 相互代词 indefinite pronouns 不定代词 5．数词、形容词、冠词 cardinal numerals 基数词ordinal numerals 序数词 fractional numerals 分数词the comparative degree 比较级 the superlative degree 最高级The definite article 定冠词 the indefinite article 不定冠词 6．Classification of verbs 动词的分类 national verbs 实义动词link-verbs系动词 auxiliary verbs助动词modal verbs 情态动词 transitive verbs 及物动词intransitive verbs 不及物动词 regular verbs 规则动词irregular verbs 不规则动词 the present forms 现在式the past forms 过去式 the participle 分词the present participle现在分词 the past participle 过去分词the infinitive 不定式 the gerund 动名词bare infinitive 不带to的不定式

外来词的翻译

汉语所吸收的英语外来词很多是跟日常生活密切相关的词语。现代生活节奏加快，新事物、新产品不断涌现，这些在外来词的吸收上可以得到明显反映。如： 1）饮食方面： 奶昔(milkshake)、热狗(hot dog)、土司(toast)、三文鱼(salmon)、沙丁鱼(sardine)、速溶咖啡(instant coffee)、扎啤(a jar of beer)、雪碧(Sprite) 2）穿着方面： 你裙(miniskirt)、比基尼(bikini) 3）日常用品方面： 隐形眼镜(contact lenses)、香波(shampoo)、马赛克(mosaic)、交通工具方面：空中客车(airbus)、ATV (air-terrain vehicle能行驶于各种地形的全地形汽车) 4）其他“ 桑拿浴(sauna)、太阳浴(suntan)、伟哥(V iagra) 代沟(generation gap)、单身母亲(bachelor mother)、裸体飞跑(streaking) 军事：radar雷达，tank坦克基因（gene）、博客（blogger）“NEET”啃老族：是“Not Currently Engaged in Education, Employment or Training ”或“Not in Education, Employment or Training”的缩略语。美国英语则称之为“boomerang child/kid” “马甲”（sock puppet）“袜子木偶”，是网络社区中为了隐藏身份而注册的ID Scene kid（非主流少年）：指衣着不遵循传统风格，并且喜欢嘻哈、情绪嘶吼、朋克摇滚以及其他非主流音乐类型的人。他们通常把头发染成鲜艳的颜色并高高梳在头顶，描着夸张的眼线，穿着修身牛仔裤。非主流少年们一般年龄都在14到21岁之间，有时也可能大一些或小一些。 政治：Ku Klux Klan三K党，KGB克格勃 科技：Laser莱塞(激光)，collotype珂罗版(印刷法) 金融：mark马克，rupee卢比 交通：bus巴士，taxi的士，Boeing波音 机械：turbine透平(机)[涡轮(机)]，combine康拜因(联合收割机) 电力：volt伏特，siemens西门子 5）文艺及运动 爵士乐(jazz music)、肥皂剧(soap opera)、迪斯科(disco)、霹雳舞(break dance)、派对(party)、MTV (music television)、呼啦圈(hula-hoop)、保龄球(bowling)、拉力赛(rally)、蹦极跳(bunge jumping)、水上芭蕾(water ballet)、局点(game point)、 "灰领阶层"(gray collar，从事维修保养技术工作的人)、"粉领阶层"(pink collar，指从业人员多半为妇女的职业)和"铁领阶层"(iron collar，指机器人)。 高科技园(hi-tech park)、硅谷(silicon valley)、传真(fax)、激光打印机(laser printer)、电视电话(videophone)、试管婴儿(test-tube baby)、克隆羊(clone sheep) 地球村(global village)、CAI (computer-assisted instruction，计算机辅助教学)、网络人(cyber-naut)、网迷(cyber mania)、网吧(cyber bar)、网络文化(cyber culture) blitz（德）闪电战/ sputnik （俄）人造地球卫星/ sado / judo / karate / kimono / hara-kiri / sayonara ：柔道茶道空手道和服剖腹自杀（日）attache （法）随从paparazzo （意）狗仔队embargo （西）禁运percent （拉）百分比Tai Chi (太极拳)、Kung-fu (拳术,武术,功夫)、silk(丝)、mahi ong(麻将)、Yangkof秧歌)、Shi Ching (诗经)、Taois m (道教)、fengshui (风水)、Confucius (孔子)、Mencius (孟子)、Maois m (毛泽东思想) bonsai：盆栽(花卉) cheongsam ：旗袍(音译粤语“长衫”) coolie：苦力ginseng：人参，西洋参Kowtow：叩头，磕头oolong：乌龙茶Taoteching：道德经 tofu：豆腐tycoon：大亨，大款typhoon：台风yamen衙门lama：喇嘛僧人

英文颜色词的翻译方法

浅析文化差异与黑、白两种颜色词翻译 岳阳职业技术学院李蜜 在汉英语言中, 表示各种不同颜色或色彩的词 都很丰富。由于我国与绝大部分英语国家相隔万里, 自然现象、历史背景、审美心理等千差万别, 人们对于颜色的感受和表达不尽相同。这样, 颜色的象征意义在中西文化之间自然又会产生很大的差异。所以, 了解英汉文化的背景知识, 掌握表示颜色的词语在两种语言中的深层含义, 才能进行更好地翻译。一、颜色词的象征意义及社会人文因素 “色彩的象征性是色彩的联想被固定为一种社 会观念时形成的, 这种象征意义是色彩内涵性质的外延, 与该社会的历史、文化等人文因素紧密相连。”影响颜色词象征意义的中西社会人文因素主要在以下几个方面: 1、民俗民情 在中国文化传统中, 颜色的生成具有神秘主义 意味和丰富的文化内涵。与中国的宇宙观和五行学说密切相关。如对红色的崇拜来源于对日神的崇拜, 对白色的禁忌源于对月神崇拜。 西方人则不同, 他们个性意识发达, 具有悲剧性 的崇高审美观, 因而没有那些五花八门的迷信。对

于他们来说只有black( 黑) 和white( 白) 两色才真正具有某些代表意义, 前者代表庄严肃穆, 后者代表清白素雅, 真正具有民俗文化色彩和内涵。 2、宗教信仰 颜色词的文化象征意义带有明显的宗教色彩。 在中国、印度等佛教国家, 佛教的色彩美学有着丰富的象征寓意,如把恶行引起的果称为“黑”,而把善行所引起的果称为“白”,白色在佛教中是圣洁的象征。因此,体现佛教内容的纹样往往用“白色”来象征菩 提之心。 在中世纪的英国, 颜色在基督教徒们的宗教思 想中扮演了重要的角色, 一些教义甚至明文规定了 不准对颜色词的滥用。如基督的衣服在他初始阶段 也要画成蓝色的, 在复活时却要画成白色的或红色的。这些约定无疑是英语国家人们的宗教想象所决 定的, 因为在基督教中黑色代表着耶稣与黑暗使者 的遭遇, 而红色和白色都代表着神和上帝的本性: 智慧与爱。 3、政治变迁 在不同的政治历史阶段, 不同的社会生活中, 人 们对颜色的熟知、理解和运用不尽相同。在我国几 千年的封建文化里, 位于高贵的颜色如黄、红等在传

潮语俚语英语翻译词典

1)特困生super-sleepy students 2)讨债人debt collector 3)老赖deadbeat 4)另类offbeat 5)蕾丝边lesbian 6)油条flirtatious boy 7)晒黑族injustice exposer 8)新新人类new-new generation 9)麦霸microphone monopolist 10)楼主thread starter 11)姐弟恋cradle snatcher 12)达人pro/doyen 13)潮人trendsetter 14)性情中人unsophisticated person 15)钻石王老五diamond bachelor 16)毒枭drug lord 17)菜鸟rookie/novice 18)三夹板sandwich husband 19)熟女sophisticated lady 20)型男metro-sexual men 21)作女high-maintenance woman 22)潜规则hidden rule 23)傍大款live off a moneybags 24)爆料tip off/blow the whistle 25)拆烂污mess up knowingly 26)强档prime time 27)哑巴亏take it on the chin 28)找不着北lose one’s bearings 29)不折腾Don’t stir up turmoil. 30)双规double designation 31)高考状元college entrance exam ace 32)走光wardrobe malfunction 33)开光consecrate/bless/deify 34)骨感型boney clan 35)素人layman, bungler 36)敲门砖door opener, stepping stone 37)淘客online shopper 38)内鬼inner culprit 39)死党sworn friend 40)名嘴popular TV presenter 41)老娘舅avuncular arbitrator 42)奔奔族car-less drivers 43)考托exam scalper 44)医托hospital scalper, hospital stoolie

Datasheet中常用英语词汇翻译

Datasheet中常用英语词汇翻译 序号英文术语中文术语 1 backplane 背板 2 Band gap voltage reference 带隙电压参考 3 benchtop supply 工作台电源 4 Block Diagram 方块图 5 Bode Plot 波特图 6 Bootstrap 自举 7 Bottom FET Bottom FET 8 bucket capcitor 桶形电容 9 chassis 机架 10 Combi-sense Combi-sense 11 constant current source 恒流源 12 Core Sataration 铁芯饱和 13 crossover frequency 交*频率 14 current ripple 纹波电流 15 Cycle by Cycle 逐周期 16 cycle skipping 周期跳步 17 Dead Time 死区时间 18 DIE Temperature 核心温度 19 Disable 非使能，无效，禁用，关断 20 dominant pole 主极点 21 Enable 使能，有效，启用 22 ESD Rating ESD额定值

23 Evaluation Board 评估板 24 Exceeding the specifications below may result in permanent damage to the device, or device malfunction. Operation outside of the parameters specified in the Electrical Characteristics section is not implied. 超过下面的规格使用可能引起永久的设备损害或设备故障。建议不要工作在电特性表规定的参数范围以外。 25 Failling edge 下降沿 26 figure of merit 品质因数 27 float charge voltage 浮充电压 28 flyback power stage 反驰式功率级 29 forward voltage drop 前向压降 30 free-running 自由运行 31 Freewheel diode 续流二极管 32 Full load 满负载 33 gate drive 栅极驱动 34 gate drive stage 栅极驱动级 35 gerber plot Gerber 图 36 ground plane 接地层 37 Henry 电感单位：亨利 38 Human Body Model 人体模式 39 Hysteresis 滞回 40 inrush current 涌入电流 41 Inverting 反相 42 jittery 抖动 43 Junction 结点 44 Kelvin connection 开尔文连接

常用英语语法

常用英语语法 第一章英文文法的最基本规则 英文和我们中文最大的不同，是在动词，我们中文的动词很简单，没有所谓的第几人称，也没有复数和单数之分，更没有过去式或进行式，英文可不同了，凡是用动词的时候，必须注意很多很多的规则，一旦弄错了，常常是犯了大错。 在这一章，我要将英文最基本的规则一一列下。这些规则都是我们中国人所常常不注意的。为了不要误导读者，凡本书内错误的句子前面都有〝＊〞的符号。 规则（１）：两个动词是不能联在一起用的。 在中文，我们常说“我是爱你的”，翻成英文，这就变成了 ＊I am love you. 滑稽的是，这句英文句子犯了大忌，因为〝am〞是动词，〝love〞也是动词，两个动词是不能联在一起用的。这句话的正确说法是： I love you. 或者I am in love with you. 我们中国人也会说〝我喜欢看电视〞，翻成英文，这变成 ＊I love watch television. 这个句子也犯了同样的错。 以下几个句子都是错的，因为这些句子中都有两个动词连在一起的情形： ＊I hate eat fish. ＊I love play basketball. ＊I love swim. 如果你一定要讲“我爱游泳”，怎么办呢？请看以下的规则。 规则（２）：如一定要同时用两个动词，后者的前面必须加“to”或者将后者加入“ing”。“我爱游泳”，因此有两种正确的译法： I love to swim. I love swimming. 以下的句子都是正确的： I hate to eat fish. I hate eating fish. I love to play basketball. I love playing basketball I keep going to church. 规则（３）：主词如果是第三人称，现在式及单数，动词必须加s. 我们中国人最不容易记得的规则，恐怕就是这一条了，以下的句子都是错的。 ＊He write very well. ＊Jack love playing the violin. ＊Mary swim every day. 正确的句子是： He writes very well. Jack loves playing the violin. Mary swims every day. 规则（４）：绝大多数的否定的句子，不能直接加“not”。 我们中文对否定语气，规则极为简单，我们可以说“我不爱你”，但是我们不能说 ＊I not love you. 我们也不能说： ＊I not saw that movie. ＊I not like swimming. ＊He not likes playing violin. 我们必须用一种助动词来完成否定的句子，以下才是正确的否定句子： I do not love you. I did not see that movie. He does not like playing violin. 请注意，在以上的句子中，do和did都是助动词，do是现在式，did是过去式。 关于现在式和过去式，究竟是怎么一回事，以后我们会解释清楚的。 助动词不限于“do”和它的变型，can、will、would、shall、may、must等等都是助动词，因此，以下的英文句子又都是对的： He can not swim. They will not go to church tomorrow. Mary should not go to the party. I shall not see you. He may not go out tonight.

潮词

看一下现在的潮流杂志和网站论坛,会发现当中时常会出现一些让新人迷惑的词汇。它们有的是在英语词典中找不到的或者是意思与词典中的解释不同的；也有一些是在中文的潮流文章中频频出现的英文词汇，作者直接引用英文有可能是找不到很好的中文词汇来解释，也有一种潮界约定俗成的感觉。大家都直接用英文写，久而久之，给一个中文翻译会一下子让人转不过弯来。 bling-bling：也可以写成bling bling，意思是贵重的，闪闪发光的珠宝首饰，尤指黑人以及hip-hop风格的人佩带的首饰。由于hip-hop的穿衣风格越来越受到大家的欢迎，所以bling-bling也越来越受到大家的追捧，并且被运用到很多服饰设计中，比如贴钻设计等等。CAMO：迷彩。其实可以算得上是Camoflauge的简写，由于Bape的大红，这个词也是随处可见。 boot-cut：牛仔裤型的一种，中文解释为靴型裤，这种裤型上半部合身略窄，膝盖以下线条微微展开。由于这种款型的裤子越来越受到大家的欢迎，所以在各潮流杂志和网站很常见。casual chic：时尚便装。这种衣服的类型很宽广，只要是现在流行的，不是正式的服装都可以归入这一类。 CDG：CDG PAL Y 日本潮牌川久保玲 JUNK FOOD:创立于1988年由NATALIE GROF和BLAINE HALVORSON两位设计师独特的想法去制作更好的T恤，当初以“FEEL GOOD”为品牌的出发点，现在逐渐成为好莱坞最炙手可热的品牌之一。它以轻松复古的感觉和怀旧的品牌就像芝麻街、HANNA BARBERA(EX：摩登原始人)、LOONEY TOONS(EX：兔宝宝)打动全世界成千上万人的心。 crossover：别注、合作的意思。现在最热的就是这个词了，一个品牌和另一个品牌或者某个个人合作，就可以称为crossover。 denim：很简单，就是牛仔裤或者牛仔布的意思，但是很多潮人就宁愿直呼英文名，仿佛这样才牛。 dope：外国人很怪，特别是美国人，他们喜欢用把一些偏词的意思改变后变成另一个词，然后成天挂在口上，外地人根本想不到变化后的意思会和原来的意思有什么联系。原意麻醉药、毒品，在潮界它的意思是“极好的，很好看的”。 detail：如果你在一些潮流文章中看到诸如“这款鞋的details做得很显用心”的话，不要怀疑你的眼睛，就是细节的意思，为什么明明可以中文而不写？我在开篇解释过了。 geek：原来的意思是指一种人，他们不爱运动，很爱呆在家里玩电脑，玩电子游戏，而且喜欢看漫画书。这种人通常学习很好。现在的潮界很搞怪，居然把geek做为一种穿一风格，而对于这种风格我不怎么了解，只是略微知道geek风格必备老式的黑框眼睛和格子衬衣。homme：这个词就有很多朋友问过我，而我的解释让他们大失神秘感。很多人看到什么Dior Homme,ELLE Homme时，还以为是什么特别系列或者分支，然而这个词的意思是“男式”的意思。 hi：鞋的专有词汇，中国人叫它“高邦”。 hi-end：这个词也是很常见的，但是本身的意思也没它在潮流文章中看起来那么神秘，就是“极其高级的”的意思，什么“hi-end风”也就是很简单的“追求奢侈品的风格”。 hoodie：这个词不是卫衣的意思，我们必须把这点弄清楚。其实被称为hoodie的要求还是很严格的，必须是带帽子的外套，而且前面肚子那里还要有个兜，像袋鼠那样。 icon：潮界它代表图标，比如Bape的猿人头我们可以说是它的logo，因为它注册了，同时也可以说是icon，因为那是个图案标识。 item：这个词就用得很多了，意思是“单品”，怎么解释呢？我还是举个例吧，你可能会看到一些潮流杂志上类似这样地写：“35th的东京真的很不错，作为一个爱鞋者，这双item你应该拥有。”

英语翻译常用词组汇总[1]

英语翻译常用词组汇总 be free from没有……的，不受……影响be identified as…被认为是… be known as被称做……，以……著称be known to为……所熟知 be popular with…受……欢迎 be prepared for对……做好准备 be regarded as被认为是…，被当做是… be satisfied with对……满意，满足于… be second to…次于… be sick of…对…感到厌倦 be used as…被用做… be used to…习惯于… get used to…习惯于… all of a sudden突然 all the time一直,始终 as a rule通常,照例 as far as...be concerned就...而言as to…至于…,关于… at best充其量,至多 before long 不久以后 beyond question毫无疑问 by all means尽一切办法,务必 every now and then时而,偶尔 in itself本质上,就其本身而言 sooner or later迟早,早晚 abide by… 遵守…,信守… agree with与…相一致同意…

be beneficial to… 有利于…，有益于… turn a blind eye to… 对…视而不见 by leaps and bounds飞速地，突飞猛进地 when it comes to一谈到…,就…而论 disagree with… 与…意见不一致不同意… give an opinion on… 对…发表意见 a dapt oneself to…=adjust oneself to…使自己适应于… attribute…to…把…归因于…，认为…是…的结果comment on…评论… concentrate on/upon…集中注意力于… on the contrary与之相反 convince somebody of something使某人确信某事deprive somebody of something剥夺某人某物 in detail详细地 be equipped with…装备有… in essence本质上 to…extent在…程度上 inform. somebody of something通知某人某事 lie in在于… major in主修… in the light of… 按照…，根据… on account of… 因为…，由于… in addition to… 除…之外 on (the/an) average平均，一般来说 on the basis of… 根据…，在…的基础上 at (the) best充其量，至多 on business因公，因事 in any case无论如何，总之

常用英语语法术语表

常用英语语法术语表句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structural word 单纯词simple word 派生词derivative 复合词compound 词性part of speech 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concret noun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb

静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possesive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun 物主代词possecive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun 形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral 形式form 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form 非限定动词non-finite verb form 原形base form 从句clause 从属句subordinate clause 并列句coordinate clause 名词从句nominal clause 定语从句attributive clause 状语从句adverbial clause

英语外来词的文化分析及翻译方式

英语外来词的文化分析及翻译方式 英语外来词的文化分析及翻译方式 英语是当今世界上使用最广泛的语言，随着我国对外交往的日益频繁，来自英语的外来词（借词）日益增多，特别是在中国进行改革开放的新时期，中外文化的多层次、多渠道的交流为词语的借用提供了多种条件。中国成功加入WTO，也促使更多的英语词汇进入了我们的生活。正如美国的语言学家萨丕尔所言："一种语言对另一种语言最简单的影响是词的'借贷'.只要有文化借贷，就可能把有关的词也借过来。"汉语中从英语借来的大量新词就是这种文化交流和融合的产物。因此，我们可以从借词中窥见文化交流的方方面面，并通过词语借用方式来发掘沉积在一个民族心理结构中的深层内蕴。新时期源于英语的借词涉及哪些方面，它们是如何在汉语中"安家落户"的，又出现了哪些新的借入形式，这些外来词对我们民族传统观念和文化心理有何影响？这些正是本文所要探讨的内容。 一、源自英语外来词所涉及的内容 汉语所吸收的英语外来词很多是跟日常生活密切相关的词语。现代生活节奏加快，新事物、新产品不断涌现，这些在外来词的吸收上可以得到明显反映。如： 饮食方面：绿色食品（green food）、肯德基（Kentucky）、麦当劳（McDonald's）、自助餐（buffet）、奶昔（milkshake）、热狗（hot dog）、奶酪（cheese）、土司（toast）、三文鱼（salmon）、沙丁鱼（sardine）、配司（paste）、西冷牛排（sirloin steak）、培根（bacon）、速溶咖啡（instant coffee）、扎啤（a jar of beer）、雪碧（Sprite）、可口可乐（Coca-Cola）、百事可乐（Pepsi-cola）、软饮料（soft drink）。 穿着方面：牛仔裤（jeans）、迷你裙（miniskirt）、比基尼（bikini）、运动夹克衫（bi-swing）。日常用品方面：隐形眼镜（contact lenses）、香波（shampoo）、席梦思（shermons）、腊克（locquer）、马赛克（mosaic）、特氟隆（teflon）。交通工具方面：汽轮机列车（turbotrain）、空中客车（airbus）、ATV （air-terrain vehicle能行驶于各种地形的全地形汽车）等。 此外还有桑拿浴（sauna）、太阳浴（suntan）、士多店（store）、超市（supermarket）、SOS儿童村、伟哥（Viagra）、爱滋病（AIDS）等等，也都与现代生活密切相关。 艺术、娱乐、体育方面，如：爵士乐（jazz music）、肥皂剧（soap opera）、迷幻摇滚乐（acid rock）、摇滚舞音乐（big beat）、爵士摇滚（jazz rock）、乡村摇滚（rockability）、迪斯科（disco）、霹雳舞（break dance）、甲壳虫乐队（the Beetles）、辣妹合唱组（the Spice Girls）、派对（party）、MTV （music television）、背景音乐（background music）、迪斯尼乐园（Disney land）、溜溜球（yo-yo）、NBA （美国职业蓝球联赛）、呼啦圈（hula-hoop）、保龄球（bowling）、高尔夫球（golf）、拉力赛（rally）、卡丁车（karting）、蹦极跳（bunge jumping）、飞镖（boomerang）、水上芭蕾（water ballet）、局点（game point）、赛末点（match point）、冠军点（championship point）等。帕默尔说："语言忠实地反映了一个民族的的全部历史、文化，忠实地反映了它的各种游戏和娱乐、各种信仰和偏见，这一点现在是十分清楚了。"这一观点在此可以得到印证。 大众传媒迅速发展使不同文化相互融合，有关西方道德文化价值观念的词也不断涌现：代沟（generation gap）、文化差距（culture gap）、单身母亲（bachelor mother）、应召女郎（call girl）、嬉皮士（Hippies）、雅皮士（Yuppies）、荫皮士（Yumpies）、朋克（punk）、裸体飞跑（streaking）等等。随着社会分工日益明确，除了传统上的"白领阶层"（white collar）、"蓝领阶层"（blue collar）外，又出现了"灰领阶层"（gray collar，从事维修保养技术工作的人）、"粉领阶层"（pink collar，指从业人员多半为妇女的职业）和"铁领阶层"（iron collar，指机器人）。新的科学理论的创立和新技术的出现产生一批新词：高科技园（hi-tech park）、硅谷（silicon valley）、传真（fax）、激光打印机（laser printer）、

英语语法中常用词翻译

立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本 1. prepositions [,pr?p?'z???n] n. [语] 介词；系词（preposition的复数） 2. passive voice 被动态，被动式 3. Passive ['p?s?v] adj. 被动的，消极的；被动语态的; n. 被动语态 4. past perfect （动词的）过去完成时 5. Simple ['s?mp(?)l] adj. 简单的；单纯的；天真的; n. 笨蛋；愚蠢的行为；出身低微者; n. (Simple)人名；(法)桑普勒 6. conditional sentences 条件句（conditional sentence的复数） 7. type [ta?p] n. 类型，品种；模范；样式;n. (Type)人名；(英)泰普;vt. 打字；测定（血等）类型;vi. 打字 8. question tags 反意疑问句 9. tags [t?gz] n. 标签；（机动车）牌照；称呼（tag 的复数） v. 附加；加标签于；给…起绰号（tag 的单三形式） 10. possessives n. 所有格（possessive的复数）11. modals n. 情态动词（modal的复数形式）12. articles n. [语] 文章；物品；[法] 条款（article的复数）；[语] 冠词 v. 使受协议条款的约束；指控（article的三单形式） 13. pronouns n. 代词；[语] 代名词 14. emphatic [?m'f?t?k; em-] adj. 着重的；加强语气的；显著的15. reflexive [r?'fleks?v] n. 反身代词；反身动词; adj. 反身的；[物] 反射的 16. present perfect progressive 现在完成进行时 17. present ['prez(?)nt] n. 现在；礼物；瞄准;adj. 现在的；出 席的;vt. 提出；介绍；呈现；赠送;vi. 举枪 瞄准 18. perfect ['p??f?kt] n. 完成式;n. (Perfect)人名；(英)珀费 克特;adj. 完美的；最好的；精通的;vt. 使完 美；使熟练 19. progressive [pr?'gres?v] n. 改革论者；进步分子;adj. 进步的； 先进的 20. past simple 一般过去时 21. simple ['s?mp(?)l] n. 笨蛋；愚蠢的行为；出身低微者 n. (Simple)人名；(法)桑普勒 adj. 简单的；单纯的；天真的 22. Present Perfect Simple 23. object ['?bd??kt; -d?ekt] n. 目标；物体；客体；宾语 vt. 提出…作为反对的理由 vi. 反对；拒绝 24. comparison [k?m'p?r?s(?)n] n. 比较；对照；比喻；比较关系 25. adverbs n. [语] 副词（adverb的复数） 26. adjectives n. [语] 形容词（adjective的复数） 27. simple past （动词的）一般过去式 28. past progressive 过去进行体；过去进行时 29. present progressive 现在进行时 时 | 现在进行体 | 现在进行式 30. present simple 一般现在时 31. imperative [?m'per?t?v] n. 需要；命令；祈使语气；规则;adj. 必要的，势在必行的；命令的；紧急的 32. personal ['p??s(?)n(?)l] n. 人事消息栏；人称代名词;adj. 个人 的；身体的；亲自的 33. possessive [p?'zes?v] adj. 占有的；所有的；所有格的；占 有欲强的 n. 所有格 34. forms n. 表格（form的复数形式）；表单； 窗体;v. 形成（form的第三人称单数）；培 养；制作 35. case [ke?s] n. 情况；实例；箱;vt. 包围；把…装 于容器中;n. (Case)人名；(英)凯斯；(西)卡 塞；(法)卡斯 36. countable ['ka?nt?b(?)l] n. 可数名词；可数的东西; adj. 可计算的；能算的 37. uncountable noun 不可数名词 38. plural form 复数形式 39. ordinal numbers 序数词，[数] 序数 40. ordinal ['??d?n(?)l] n. [数] 序数;adj. 顺序的，依次的 41. reflexive pronouns 反身代词 42. future tense 未来式；将来时态 43. future ['fju?t??] n. 未来；前途；期货；将来时 adj. 将来的，未来的 44. tense [tens] n. 时态;adj. 紧张的；拉紧的;vt. 变得 紧张；使拉紧;vi. 拉紧，变得紧张 45. plural ['pl??r(?)l] n. 复数;adj. 复数的 46. past simple tense 一般过去时 47. negative ['neg?t?v] adj. [数] 负的；消极的；否定的；阴 性的 n. 否定；负数；[摄] 底片 vt. 否定；拒绝 48. interrogative [,?nt?'r?g?t?v] adj. 疑问的；质问的; n. 疑问词 49. continuous [k?n't?nj??s] adj. 连续的，持续的；继续的；连绵 不断的 50. affirmative [?'f??m?t?v] n. 肯定语；赞成的一方 adj. 肯定的；积极的 51. possessive adjectives 物主形容词 52. plurals [语] 复数 53. quantify ['kw?nt?fa?] vt. 确定…的数量；用数量表示；测 量，计量；量化(把质的变为量的)：；【军 事】估算 54. wh-questions 特殊疑问句 55. possessive pronouns 物主代词；所有格代名词 （possessive pronoun的复数） 56. synonyms ['sin?nimz] n. [语] 同义词，同义字；同一性 （synonym的复数） 57. antonyms n. [语] 反义词（antonym的复数形 式）；反义字 58. conjunctions ['k?nd??nk??ns] n. 连词；[语] 连接词；[数] 合取 （conjunction的复数形式） 59. contractions n. 收缩；缩略形式（contraction的 复数）