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中国地质大学考博英语真题常见基本句型解析掌握句子的基本句型有助于了解句子的基本结构，便于进行句子分析，尤其是那些比较复杂的长难句。

一、主+系+表(SVP)

此句型结构中谓语动词是系动词，后接表语，构成系表结构，常见系动词有be，become，look，seem，appear，get，feel，grow，turn，remain，come(变得)，fall(变成)，hold，keep，stand，stay(保持)，smell，sound，taste等。需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

例句：It was no coincidence that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.(2001年第12题)

分析：该句是复合句，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that his car was seen...。

译文：劫案发生时有人看见他的车停在银行附近，这绝非巧合。

例句：This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation,of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.(2011年第48题)

分析：该句是简单句，主干部分是This seems a justification and a rationalization;其中介词短语for neglect of those in need作后置定语，修饰第一个表语a justification，另外两个介词短语of exploitation和of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom均作后置定语，修饰第二个表语a

rationalization。those in need意为“贫困者”;those at the top意为“社会上层人士”;those at the bottom意为“社会底层人士”。

译文：这一观点似乎是在为忽视贫困者的行为作辩护，为剥削、为社会上层人群的优越和底层人群的卑微找理由。

二、主+谓(不及物动词)(SV)

例句：From a financial standpoint alone，safety pays off.(选自1999年Cloze Test)

分析：该句是简单句。

译文：仅从财政的角度看，安全就大有裨益。

例句：His efforts to bring about reconciliation between the two parties came off.(2000年第24题)

分析：该句是简单句。

译文：他为促成双方和解而付出的努力取得了成功。

三、主+谓(及物动词)+宾(SVO)

例句:Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will drag down the economy.(1997年第25题)分析：该句是复合句，how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system...在句中作knows的宾语。

译文：无人知晓这次金融体系的动荡会在多长时向内、多大程度上使经济下滑。

例句：Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks,yet some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation s assimilative

power.(选自2006年Text1)

分析：该句是由yet连接的两个并列复合句，在前一句中，介词短语in remote villages around the world作定语修饰children;在后一分句中，分词短语living within the United States作后置定语修饰immigrant。

译文：罗德里格兹指出，全世界偏远地区的儿童都是像阿诺·施瓦辛格和格斯·布鲁克斯这样超级明星的“粉丝”。然而，也有一些美国人担心生活在美国的移民在某种程度会对美国的民族同化作用有免疫力。

四、主+谓(及物动词)+间接宾语(指人)+直接宾语(指物)(SVOO)

例句：Prof.Lee s book will show you how what you have observed can be used in other contexts.

分析：该句是复合句，动词show后接双宾语，直接宾语常为疑问副词或疑问代词引导的宾语从句或不定式，本句中主语从句what you have observed作宾语从句中的主语。

译文：李教授的书会告诉你，你所观察到的信息如何运用在其他语境中。

例句：Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a makeup examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.(1999年第11题)

分析：该句是复合句，其中had you gone and explained...是省略if的倒装句，完整形式应为if you had gone and explained...。

译文：如果你跟数学老师解释那个时候你父母病了，他也许会让你补考的。

五、主+谓(及物动词)+宾+补足语(SVOC)

宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语充当。

例句：I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems.(2006年第46题)

分析：该句是复合句，主干部分为I shall define him as an individual;who引导的定语从句修饰an individual;as his primary duty and pleasure in life在定语从句中充当状语，应该置于句末，但由于定语从句中elected的宾语为the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems太长，置于句末显得更加美观。

译文：我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考，并将此作为人生首要责任和乐趣的人。

例句：Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan s and Dr.de Waal s study.(选自2005年Text1)分析：该句是简单句。

译文：这样的特质使得他们成为布鲁斯南和德瓦尔博士的最佳研究候选人。

另外：there be句型中，there为引导词，be为谓语，be后面为主语，所以there be句型属于“主+谓”这一句子类型。

例句：There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently giving what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.

分析：该句是复合句，主干部分为there was a very interesting remark in a book，介词短语by an Englishman和定语从句that I read recently都修饰a book，分词结构giving...在句中作伴随状语，what he thought was a reason for...作giving的宾语，what he thought又作这

个宾语从句的主语。

译文：我最近读了一本由英国人写的书，他在书中做了一个有趣的论断，阐述了对这种美国特色形成原因的看法。

例句：There is the Royal Shakespeare Company(RSC),which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon.(选自2006年Text2)

分析：该句是复合句，which引导的定语从句修饰the Royal Shakespeare Company。

译文：皇家莎士比亚公司专门在埃文河畔的莎士比亚纪念戏院上演莎士比亚的经典剧目。

本文由“育明考博”整理编辑

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2015年武汉大学考博英语真题及详解 Part ⅠReading Comprehension (2×20=40分) Directions: In this part for the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expressions the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.”That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offence against society. T o make up for his offence, society must get even. This can be done only by doing an equal injury to him. This conception of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal documents and procedures of modern times. It is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person who had committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel. He believed that society owed it to the criminal to give a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract

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2003年武汉大学考博英语真题及详解 Part I Reading Comprehension（30%） Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: We are told that the mass media are the greatest organs for enlightenment that the world has yet seen; that in Britain, for instance, several million people see each issue of the current affairs program, Panorama. It is true that never in human history were so many people so often and so much exposed to many intimations about societies, forms of life, attitudes other than those which obtain in their local societies. This kind of exposure may well be a point of departure for acquiring certain important intellectual and imaginative qualities; width of judgment, a sense of the variety of possible attitudes. Yet in itself such exposure does not bring intellectual or imaginative development. It is no more than the masses of stone which lie around in a quarry（采石场）and which may, conceivably, go to the making of a cathedral. The mass media cannot build the cathedral, and their way of showing the stones does not always prompt others to build. For the stones are presented within a self-contained and self-sufficient world in which, it is implied,