新编大学英语Student第三版综合1_-答案

Unit 1 Personal Relationships

Exercises

Post-Reading

Reading Comprehension

1 1 A

2 B

3 A

4 A

5 B

6 C

7 A

8 C

2 1 killed 2 wounded

3 arrived

4 girl

5 badly / seriously

6 blood

7 none

8 American

9 type 10 orphans

11 French 12 difficulty 13 frightened 14 would 15 cried

16 Vietnamese 17 found 18 understand 19 willing 20 friend

3 Sample

V = Vietnamese nurse H = Heng N = Navy nurse

V: Is it hurting, Heng?

H: No.

V: So why are you crying? Is there anything wrong?

H: I’m sad that I will have to leave the world. I’m a little scared before I die. I don’t want to die, but I don’t want my friend to die, either.

V: Why do you think you are gong to die?

H: The doctor said unless I gave my blood to my friend, she would certainly die.

V: You must have misunderstood him. You only have to give some of your blood to the girl.

This won’t do any harm to your health.

H: Really? Are you sure?

V: Yes. Have a good sleep now. When you wake up, I’m sure you’ll be as strong as before.

V: (to the Navy nurse): He thought he was dying. He misunderstood you. He thought you had asked him to give all his blood to the little girl so that she could live.

N: But why would he be willing to do that?

V: Heng, the Navy nurse wants to know why you would be willing to give all your blood to the little girl?

H: She’s my friend.

Vocabulary

1 reply

2 land

3 supplied

4 wound

5 replied

6 signed

7 wounded 8 supplies 9 sign 10 balancing 11 land 12 balance

run: 1 D 2 A 3 C 4 E 5 F 6 B

match: 1 D 2 B 3 F 4 C 5 E 6 A

1 Insert

2 in the balance

3 requests

4 relief

5 let out

6 steady

7 stiff

8 misunderstood

9 limited 10 action

Translation

When I knew the details I realized that I should not have lost my temper in the office.

I don’t / didn’t know Bob very well, but we go / went out for an occasional drink together.

The meeting is supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we have to postpone it / put it off. Our government took action to bring / get all the Chinese in that country back to China. Including weekends, there are only 12 more days to buy Christmas presents / gifts. Without immediate action, many kinds / species of wild animals would die from hunger. Part 3 Further Development

1 Grammar Review

Sample

A: Did you hear that Tom failed the English final? He was 10 minutes late for the final because he woke up late.

B: That’s too bad. But he should have asked his roommate to wake him up.

A: Well anyway, he got to the classroom before the listening part finished. But then he found the batteries for his radio were dead.

B: Well, he should have bought new batteries the day before.

A: Yes, very true. He then had to borrow two batteries from his classmate. But when Tom was doing the exam, he found there were many words that were new to him.

B: He should have spent more time memorizing new words and phrases before the exam.

A: Yes, and then Tom had a splitting headache because he had studied until two in the morning.

B: That’s too bad. But he really shouldn’t have stayed up the night before the exam.

A: And what’s more, Tom was so afraid to fail the final that he peeped at his neighbor’s paper. He was caught and would be punished.

B: Really? He shouldn’t have cheated on the exam.

2 Vocabulary Review

1 A Though / Although B though C though

A Both “although” and “though” can be used as conjunctions to introduce a s ubordinate clause of concession (让步状语从句) in which you mention something which contrasts with what you are saying in the main clause.

B “Though” is sometimes used as an adverb. When used as an adverb, it is not used at the beginning of a clause. “Although” cannot be used as an adverb.

C When a clause beginning with “though” ends with a complement or adverb, you can bring the complement or adverb forward to the beginning of the clause. However, when a clause beginning with “although” ends with a complement or adverb, you cannot move the complement or adverb to the beginning of the clause.

2 A reply / answer B answer C replying

Both “answer” and “reply” can be used as nouns and verbs. With a noun object we use the verb “answer” or “reply to”. e.g. We must answer / reply to these questions as soon as possible.

3 A speaks B speak C talking D speak / talk

You say that someone “speaks” or “can speak” a foreign language. If someone is giving a speech, you say they are “speaking”. If two or more people are having a conversation, you say that they are “talking”. You do not say that they are “speaking”.

If you “speak to / talk to” someone, you have a conversation with them.

4 A injured / hurt B hurt / injured C wounded / injured D wounds

You can be “wounded” or receive a “wound” from any attack in w hich a gun or sharp instrument such as a sword or knife is used. You can be “hurt” or “injured” or receive an “injury”, a) when any other weapon such as a heavy stick or bomb is used, b) in an accident. Both “wound” and “injure” are more serious than “hurt”. Note that “hurt”

can be used as an intransitive verb but not “wound” or “injure”. e.g. It hurts when I try to move my leg.

5 A houses B apartment, apartments

A “house” is a building for people to live in and often has more than one level. An

“apartment”in American English or a “flat” in British English refers to a set of rooms within a larger building, usually on one level.

6 A aside B apart C aside / apart

Both “aside” and “apart” can be used as adverbs. “Aside” means “away or to the side”.

“Apart” means “separated by a distance”. The phrase “aside from / apart from” means

a) except for, b) in addition to.

7 A requests B requested C demanded D demands

Both “request” and “demand” mean “ask for sth. or ask sb. to do sth.”. “Request” is more formal and str onger than “ask (for)”. “Demand” is even stronger. If you “demand” something, you feel strongly that you have the right to get it, and will not take “no” for an answer. Both “request” and “demand” can be used as a verb or as a noun. A “request” for somethi ng is a polite demand for it.

8 A border B boundary

The word “border” refers to the dividing line between two countries or states or the land near that line. A “boundary” is a precise line marking the outer limits of an area.

Part 4 Translation and Writing

2 Translation Practice

依靠我吧

Sometimes in our lives we all have pain, we all have sorrow

生活中我们会有痛苦，会有悲伤

But if we are wise, we know that there’s always tomorrow.

然而，聪明的我们明白总有明天（可指望）。

Lean on me when you’re not strong

当你脆弱时，来依靠我吧

And I’ll be your friend, I’ll help you carry on

我会成为你的朋友，会助你继续向前

For it won’t be long, till I’m going to need

因为不会很久，我也会需要

Somebody to lean on.

有个人依靠。

Please swallow your pride if I have faith you need to borrow

假如我的诚信你需要，请收起你的骄傲

For no one can fill those of your need s that you won’t let show.

因为没人能满足你那不表露的需要。

You just call on me, brother, when you need a hand

要帮忙时，找我就是了，兄弟

We all need somebody to lean on.

我们都需要有个人靠一靠。

I just might have a problem that you’ll understand

也许我有个问题正好你明白

We all need somebody to lean on.

我们都需要有个人靠一靠。

3 Writing

Sample

When we need help, we should not hesitate to ask for it. There are two reasons for us to do so. First, sometimes in our lives we all may have pain and sorrow, so we all need somebody to lean on. For example, when we are angry, we need someone who is willing to listen to our complaints and to comfort us. Sometimes it is very likely that the one whom you have asked for help may need your help some day in the future. By helping each other, we become friends. The other reason is that no one can help us if we are too proud to let others know what we want. So next time if we have trouble, if we need somebody to lean on, don’t hesitate to ask for help. Likewise, when one day someone else needs our help, lend them a hand or let them lean on us.

Unit2 Remembering and Forgetting

Exercises

Post-Reading

Reading Comprehension

1 1 brother

2 late

3 land

4 take off

5 noise

6 worse

7 briefcase

8 counter

9 on 10 loading

11 get 12 have 13 claim form 14 delivered / sent 15 airport

16 unloaded 17 never 18 realized 19 flights 20 midnight

2 1 F 2 F

3 F

4 F

5 T

6 F

7 T

8 F

3 Sample

1 I would say: “I must apologize for the terrible mistake I made with my briefcase.

When my brother and I got home, to my greatest surprise, we found my briefcase was lying on the floor in the back seat of my car. So the briefcase you found in Denver must be someone else’s. I’m terribly sorry to have put you to so much trouble. Thank you very much for what you’ve done for me.”

2 The airline workers would have to find the real owner of the briefcase they found in

Denver. They also had to apologize to the owner for the late arrival of the briefcase the mistake had caused.

Vocabulary

1 1 B

A a journey in a plane

B an airplane that takes people on a particular journey

2 A

A wait for sb.; greet sb.

B see sb. accidentally

3 A

A leave the ground and start flying

B become successful or popular

4 B

A end or bring sth. to an end

B decide that sth. is true after considering all the information you have

5 A

A any person who

B no matter who

6 B

A an opinion or idea

B what you are able to see

7 B

A examine sth. to make sure that it is safe, correct, in good condition, etc.

B leave baggage, etc. ready for shipment

8 A

A say or show sth. in an indirect way

B propose a plan or idea for sb. to discuss or consider

9 A

A an area of land used for a particular purpose

B a large amount or number

10 B

A causing physical pain

B upsetting or unpleasant

2 1 off 2 in

3 down

4 for

5 of

6 in

7 off

8 on

9 out / in 10 from

3 1 concluded 2 vanish 3 delivery

4 exclaimed

5 display

6 whoever

7 promise

8 agent

9 claims 10 opening

4 1 meet her flight 2 was delayed for an hour

3 watch planes land and take off

4 hurried back

5 couldn’t believe my eyes

6 reminded me of

7 by any chance 8 vanished from sight

9 calm down a bit 10 head for my car in the parking lot

11 glanced over the shoulder of a man nearby 12 happened to

13 shortly after midnight 14 unloaded the car

15 deliver it to her address

Translation

1 That song always reminded her of the night she spent in Chicago.

2 There happened to be a policeman on the corner, so I asked him the way.

3 All flights to New York today are / were delayed because of the bad weather.

4 Whoever is responsible will have to pay for the damage.

5 When I got home I found my briefcase missing. I must have left it somewhere in the hotel.

6 By the time he had worked 30 years in the middle school, the number of students had increased to over 2,000.

Part 3 Further Development

1 Grammar Review

1 when

2 who / that

3 that

4 what

5 where

6 whose

7 how

8 which

9 why 10 whoever

2 Vocabulary Review

Section A

1 A remember B reminded C remind

You “remember” something by yourself. If someone or something “reminds” you of something or “reminds” you to do it, th ey cause you to remember it or remember to do it.

2 A number B amount C amounts

The word “number” is used with countable nouns while the word “amount” is usually used with uncountable nouns. When you use “amount” in the plural, you use a plural verb with it.

3 A effect B affect C affect

The verb “affect” means “have an influence or cause a change”. The noun “effect”

means “a result or consequence”.

4 A compare… with / to B compared… to C Compared with / to

compare… with: 拿……与……相比

compare… to: a) 把……比作b) 拿……与……相比

Part 4 Translation and Writing

2 Translation Practice

1 我正准备去冲杯咖啡，突然听到很响的敲门声。

2 她上午打扫的房子，下午就被孩子们弄得一团糟。

3 他开始是个小职员，后来开了自己的工厂并发了财。

4 我的朋友们都说，如果我当初选择了教师这一职业，我会成为一名优秀的教师。

5 虽然委员会的一些成员并不赞成，但这对他的计划没有什么影响。

3 Writing

Sample

Yesterday afternoon I was on duty at the check-in counter. A young man came to me and asked if his briefcase had been turned in. I said no. Then he looked over my shoulder at the conveyor belt and shouted that he saw his briefcase going through the opening at the end of the conveyor belt. I asked him to give me his baggage claim check, but he said he didn’t have one. He was just there to meet a flight. I then asked him to fill out a claim form and called down to the baggage area. Unfortunately, the bri efcase had already been loaded on one of the flights and they didn’t know which one. So I took the young man’s phone number and assured him that we would call as soon as we found the briefcase. I promised that we would deliver it to his home address in Sioux City.

The young man left. About two hours later, we learned that the briefcase was found in Denver. One of our workers called the young man to tell him the good news. To our great surprise, the young man said that he had already found his briefcase! It had been in his car! Now we had to look for the owner of the briefcase that we had thought to be the young man’s.

Unit 3 More than Words

Exercises

Reading Comprehension

1 1 Introduction (Para. 1)

Body language / non-verbal language is also an important means of communication.

2 Communicating in a foreign language can be difficult if we don’t understand the non-verbal signals of that culture. (Paras. 2-5)

For example,

A the gesture of nodding the head (up and down), (Para. 2)

B eye contact, (Para. 3)

C the sign of waving the hand, (Para. 4)

D personal conversation distance. (Para. 5)

3 Conclusion (Para. 6)

To communicate successfully in a foreign language, we need to master a fifth skill, cultural awareness.

2 1 Because we may not understand the non-verbal signals in its culture, or they may mean something different from what they mean in our own culture.

2 Facial expression, gestures, and other movements of the body that send messages.

3 Because he thought the Japanese student was expressing “I agree to buy the machine” by nodding his head.

4 People are expected to look into the other person’s eyes during a conversation.

5 The Asian schoolboy may come closer instead of going away.

6 Because they come from different countries and prefer different conversation distances.

7 It’s the awareness of differences between different cultures. / It’s the awareness of proper behavior in different cultures.

3 Sample

1 ? Shaking hands is the customary form of greeting all over the world.

? Hugging and ki ssing when greeting are common in most Western countries.

? Displaying the index and middle fingers in the shape of a “V” means “victory” or “peace”.

? The “O.K.” gesture is used to mean “O.K.”, “zero”, or “worthless”.

? The thumbs-up gesture is used to say “Good job!”, “O.K.” or “Great!”

? A person may point to their nose or chest to indicate themself.

? A person may pat their head to show that they are thinking hard.

? A person may shake their hand to say “No!”

? crossing the forefinger and the mid dle finger has two meanings: a) wishing for good luck to happen, b) I’m not telling the truth (often done with the hand behind the back to

hide crossed fingers from view).

2 ? eating with your left hand in India;

? touching someone else’s head in India;

? the “O.K.” sign in Germany and Brazil;

? hugging or kissing a stranger or acquaintance in countries like China;

? the thumbs-up gesture in Australia;

? resting the feet on tables or chairs in France;

? conversing with hands in pockets in France;

? touching or pointing at someone with your feet;

? Under no circumstances should you indicate “O.K.” to a German using your thumb and forefinger to form a circle—that would be considered rude;

? The thumbs-up sign is downright offensive in Iran and many Middle East countries; ? In Korea, it is rude to blow your nose in front of people. When talking to someone, keep your hands in full view. It is rude to keep your hands behind your back or in your pockets;

? In Thailand, people point to an object with th eir chins, not their hands;

? In Japan and America, it is unacceptable for two adults of the same sex to hold hands while walking together.

Vocabulary

1 1 B

A one of two or three periods that the school or university year is divided into

B a word or expression that has a particular meaning, especially in a technical or scientific subject

2 B

A the money or income that one has

B a way or method of doing or achieving sth.

3 A

A a gesture, sound or action which is intended to give a particular message

B a series of radio waves, light waves, or changes in electrical current that may carry information

4 B

A a short written or spoken note

B the most important idea in a book, film, speech, etc.

5 A

A only

B in a way that is easy to understand

6 A

A the act of communication with a person, organization, country, etc.

B the state of touching sth.

7 B

A a long raised mass of water moving across the surface of the sea

B a sign of greeting made by raising and moving the hand

8 A

A the amount of area, room, etc. that is empty or available to be used

B the area beyond the Earth where planets, stars, moons, etc., exist

2 1 gesture 2 signal

3 misunderstanding

4 behaved

5 curls

6 rarely

7 means

8 bow / bowed

9 contact 10 facial 11 awareness 12 occur

Translation

1 You won’t get the job unless you’ve got the experience.

2 I spent most of my time studying the differences between Chinese and American cultures.

3 The statement is so clear that it can’t cause any misunderstanding.

4 He wishes he could give her more help than he does.

5 Remember to invite her to the birthday party, or she would complain.

6 “You have to add $2,500 for equipment purchase / buying equipment to the cost,” said the director.

7 It is important to be aware of your strengths and weaknesses and the environment you are in.

8 You will soon find yourself without any friends at all if you keep on being so rude to everybody.

Part 3 Further Development

1 Grammar Review

1 I don’t know whether to go to the movie or stay home to play computer gam es.

2 They knew / know when to follow the rules and when to alter / change them.

3 Please let us know where and to whom to send these books.

4 I haven’t decided which city to settle in because I haven’t found a job I like.

5 To her, it’s important to know how to form her own views and not to repeat others’

opinions.

6 It’s not that I didn’t want to say anything but I didn’t know what to say that day.

2 Vocabulary Review

1 expanded

expand: become larger in size, number, or amount, or to make sth. do this

broaden: a) increase sth. such as knowledge, experience, or your range of activities

b) make sth. wider or become wider

2 sign

sign: an act or gesture used to convey an idea, a desire, information, or a command 示意动作

signal: an indicator, such as a gesture or colored light, that serves as a means of communication 信号，暗号

3 genuine

true: not false, based on facts and not imagined or invented

genuine: sth. real, not fake

4 reward

prize: sth. that is given to sb. who is successful in a game, competition, race, etc.

reward: sth. that you receive because you have done sth. good or helpful

5 fault

fault: responsibility for sth. wrong

mistake: sth. that has been done incorrectly, or statement that is incorrect

6 horizons

horizons: knowledge and experience 视野

eyesight: the ability to see 视力

7 habit

custom: a way of behaving or a belief which has been established for a long time 习俗

habit: sth. you do often and regularly, often without knowing that you are doing it 习惯

8 recognize

realize: understand sth. 意识到

recognize: identify sb. or sth. 辨认出

Part 4 Translation and Writing

2 Translation Practice

1 请把货物发到我的住处。

2 总统将在年会上发表讲话。

3 他注意饮食，适量锻炼，现在血压已完全正常了。

4 天气晴朗时这里人流如织，很多人（来这里）只是为了感受热闹的气氛。

5 他因超速被罚款200元，罚金要在半年内交纳。

6 有没有哪类书是你特别喜欢读的？

7 他不吸烟，对饮食非常挑剔。

8 给我印象最深的是他渊博的学识、丰富的经验和无穷的智慧。

3 Writing

Sample

To solve your problem, you should pay more attention to your communication skills.

First, you should be aware of your problem, and tell yourself that it’s very natural for you to feel that way in a new place and among so many people you don’t know. Then you should try to make others understand your position and help you deal with the problem. In order to get others to pay attention to you, you must first learn how to be a good and sympathetic listener. You should concentrate when you listen and do not miss the important points the others say, because our thoughts race much faster than most people speak. Then you should talk more. The ability to talk well is not always easy to acquire. But the more you work at it, the easier it will be. You can also use a

bit of sense of humor to lighten your conversation. Only when you are ready to talk and listen attentively will you succeed in making a connection with the world around you.

Unit 4 Fresh Start

Exercises

Post-Reading

Reading Comprehension

1 1 dormitory / dorm room

2 watching

3 freshman

4 wrong

5 biology

6 literature

7 cafeteria

8 stepped

9 dropped

10 ashamed / embarrassed 11 forgotten 12 fate 13 serious 14 matter

15 experiment 16 forgiven

2 1 No, that was just the way the writer felt, because she was self-conscious and shy.

2 She probably wanted to be out of the professor’s view.

3 Most biology majors are serious.

4 A Here “it” refers to “my entire life”.

B It was a miserable day.

5 Here “it” refers to the miserable a nd embarrassing moment.

6 Because she was afraid that other students might recognize her and make fun of her.

7 Dropping the food tray and falling to the ground.

8 Because he took it as nothing serious.

9 Whether you drop a tray, where you sit, or whether you show up in the wrong

lecture, etc.

3 Sample

? On the afternoon of the day I came to college, I saw my parents off and went back to the campus. I found my dorm and walked in. Settling into my bed as I was tired, I reached for the cup on the desk when I sensed something strange. Two persons in the room were staring at me, puzzled. I can still remember I was a bit shocked at that moment. Who were they? I jumped out of bed, puzzled, too. Why were they staring at me like that? But in a few seconds I realized what had happened: I had come to the right room but the wrong building. I flushed and apologized in a clumsy way. The two guys seemed to be amused. They told me that they were also freshmen and that I was welcome to their dorm anytime I liked. I said thanks and then fled.

? It happened about a week after I came to college. Just as I got out of the library building, I found that I had taken someone else’s bag. How foolish! I hurried back to the library, only to find that the guy was already in the libra rians’ office with an angry look. The moment he saw his bag he smiled with relief. I apologized for my mistake and waited for his sharp words. To my surprise, he patted me on the back and said in a friendly way, “Don’t worry, I have made the same mistake, too.”

? I made a serious mistake on my first English test. I forgot to put my name on my paper. My teacher didn’t blame me but told me to avoid repeating the same mistake. It

was a good lesson for me and I learned to be very careful when it came to details. Vocabulary

1 1 rearing

2 tips

3 settled

4 major

5 lot, lot

6 rear

7 settle

8 major

9 settled 10 tipping

2 1 seriously 2 crashed

3 schedule

4 slip

5 clasps / clasped

6 groped

7 accidentally

8 grinned

9 opportunity 10 hesitation

Translation

1 The individuals who have contributed are far too many / numerous to mention.

2 The noise woke us up in the middle of the night.

3 He shouldn’t have been angry at what I said. It was nothing more than a joke.

4 We invited all our friends to the picnic, but it rained and only five of them showed up.

5 Marriage is viewed as a serious matter.

6 To my disappointment, the movie didn’t live up to my expectations.

Part 3 Further Development

1 Grammar Review

Section A

1 When she saw what had happened, she began laugh loudly. (laughing / to laugh)

2 It is important that the work were completed on schedule. (be / should be)

3 I’d have been in bad trouble if Jane didn’t help me. (hadn’t helped)

4 I have to meet Tom in 10 minutes. I’d better to go now or I’ll be late. (go)

5 He has been learning English for a few years but he still speaks as a beginner. (like)

6 I want my son to wear the same clothes like everyone else at the school. (as)

7 He did not even say anything to her, and she did not speak to him too. (either)

8 Only in this way we can catch up with the development of science and technology in

the world. (can we)

Sample 1

1 If I found $100 in the street, I would try to find the owner.

2 I’d be very frightened if someone pointed a gun at me.

3 If I had had enough training, I would be able to do a better job now.

4 If I had known that you were ill, I would have gone to see you.

Sample 2

1 It might rain. You’d better take an umbrella with you.

2 We’ve almost run out of money. We’d better not buy the furniture.

3 You don’t look very well. You’d better not go to work today.

4 The river looks very dirty. We’d better not swim in it.

2 Vocabulary Review

1 living

alive: (cannot be used before a noun) still living and not dead

living: (can be used before a noun) alive now

2 find out

find: discover or see sth. that you have been searching for 发现，找到

find out: discover a fact or a piece of information 查明，弄清

3 awaiting

wait: intransitive verb

await: (formal) transitive verb

4 broke up

break out: start to appear; start to happen 发生；爆发

break up: come to an end 分手；结束

5 clapped

clap: strike the hands together in approval 拍手

clasp: hold sb. or sth. tightly 紧握，紧抓

6 intends

intend: have as a plan or purpose 打算；意欲

tend: be likely to do sth. 倾向；易于

7 resource

resource: sth. that can be used to help achieve an aim 资源

source: a place from which sth. comes 来源；出处

8 funds

funds: money 资金

expense: the amount of money that you spend on sth. 花费

Part 4 Translation and Writing

2 Translation Practice

“我要告诉任何一个想回到学校的人，事情不像你想的那么难，”卡伦·乔纳特斯说。去年，她47岁，取得了工商管理学士学位，与她女儿一起毕业。她说：“我认识到，没有学位我在事业上难以升职。”现在她是恩迪科特学院的一名行政助理，并且正在攻读组织管理硕士学位。

一代人之前，像乔纳特斯这般年龄的人在大学里是罕见的。如今，美国教育部估计，大约有600万年龄在25岁或25岁以上的人正在美国的高校学习，大专院校中涌现出300多个成人教育中心。

3 Writing

Sample 1

College life is wonderful and rewarding. You suddenly find yourself in a place with so many new things awaiting you. When you go to the classes, you are amazed to find that the world the teachers bring to you is different from the one you are familiar with.

Wherever you go, you will meet new friends, who are always ready to help you and discuss questions with you. What’s more, you usually don’t have to take as many tests as you did in high school, enjoying more free time of your own. The extracurricular activities are so varied and colorful that you sometimes simply do not know which to choose. And there are abundant opportunities for you to get to know about society, for example, part-time jobs and volunteer work in the neighborhood.

Sample 2

College life is busy and tiring. People often say college is like a heaven, but to me college is just like a hell. It is even worse than my high school. We have to take many more courses, and do much more homework. And the teachers are never available to help us out when we need them. Besides study, we have to do the laundry, shopping and cleaning all by ourselves. Students in college are all smart. Competition here is much fiercer. You can never expect to be the best. The worst thing is that in college you may not have a clear goal. In high school, the college entrance exam was what we were working for. But here, there’s too much for us to read and know, and sometimes we feel at a loss as to what to do and how to do it. College life seems to be something out of our control.

Unit 5 Animal World

Exercises

Post-Reading

Reading Comprehension

1 Paras. 1-2—C Para. 3—A Para. 4—D Para. 5—E Para. 6—B

2 1 D 2 B

3 B

4 B

5 C

6 A

7 D

8 D

3 Sample

? I think animals have a culture. We can easily find facts to support this. For example, animals of the same species can communicate with each other, with language unknown to us humans. We have read a lot of stories about wolves. When a wolf is in danger or hurt by a human, very soon

it will get other wolves in its group to take revenge. Even insects like ants can work toget her very well. If they didn’t share a language of their own, how could they move something much larger than themselves over a long distance to their nest? Besides, animals such as chimpanzees can use and make tools to get food, and monkeys are found to be able to learn and share behavior. Surely, animals don’t have any religion or law. Obviously, this does not prove that they don’t have a culture but shows that their culture is different from ours or there are limits to their culture.

? I don’t think anima ls have a culture. Culture is a very broad term. It covers many aspects such as politics, economics, literature, law, and religion. Animals do not have language, at least they do not have a written language, nor do they have politics and economics. It’s tr ue that they can learn and share such behavior as washing sweet potatoes to get rid of sand, but I doubt whether they can learn more complicated behavior. What’s more, scientists only observed this sharing of behavior among certain monkeys. It is known to all that there are many species of animals and that they differ greatly in their intelligence. So how can we reach the conclusion that animals have a culture only because some animals are able to use and invent tools, or share knowledge? Even if animals have a so-called culture, there are limits to their culture.

Vocabulary

1 1 handy

2 cultural

3 untrue

4 belief

5 scientist

6 successful

7 religious

8 defenses

9 strength 10 social

2 1 A limit B limit 2 A contact B contacted

3 A attempting B attempt

4 A commanded B command

5 A form B form

3 1 gesture 2 create 3 abstract

4 individual

5 invention

6 feature

7 make up for

8 remove

9 response 10 rule out

4 1 remove

remove: take sth. away from a place

move: change position or place

2 received, accept

accept an invitation: say yes to it

receive an invitation: get one

3 allow

allow: let sb. do sth.; permit sb. to do sth.

agree: have the same opinion

4 lately

lately: recently

later: a time after the present time

5 shore

shore: the land along the edge of a sea, lake or wide river

beach: a nearly level area of sand or small stones beside the sea or other area of water

6 taught

teach: provide instruction in a particular subject

train: give sb. the knowledge needed to do a job

7 object

object: sth. that can be seen and touched

subject: sth. that is discussed, examined or researched

8 attract

attract: draw sb. towards oneself

attack: try to hurt or defeat sb. or sth. using violence

Translation

1 I used to go to the cinema a lot, but I never have the time now.

2 The two workers cooperated with each other to fix the broken pipe.

3 This is a cruel practice which should be stopped immediately.

4 What aspect of your job / work is (the) most difficult, and what aspect is (the) most rewarding?

5 He thought he had already solved the problem, but that was not the case.

6 I’ll help as much as I can, but there is a limit to what I can do.

Part 3 Further Development

1 Grammar Review

1 I never like the way how doctors speak to you. (in which; or delete “how”)

2 I’d like another drink, and so did John. (would)

3 One of the reasons for coming to England are to make money. (is)

4 In those days, the only means of lighting the house at night were oil lamps. (was)

5 It was so a cold night that we stayed at home. (such)

2 Vocabulary Review

Section A

1 A agree with B agreed with C agree on D agreed to

If you “agree with” someone about something, you both have the same opinion about it. If you “agree with” an action or suggestion, you approve of it. If two or more statements, ideas, sets of numbers, etc. “agree with” each other, they are the same or very similar (与……一致，相符合). If you “agree to” do something or “agree to”

something, you say that you will do it or you allow someone else to do it. If people “agree on” something, th ey reach a decision or agreement about it.

2 A activity B act C action D act

Both “act” and “action” can be used as a countable noun to mean “sth. that sb. has done.” “Act” nearly always refers to a specific deed, for example, in Sentence B, “act of kindn ess” is a specific deed having been done. “Action” is usually a more generalized usage, or a process of doing something. For example, in Sentence C, “We must take action” means that we must do something, but it is generalized and does not refer to a specif ic deed whichmust be done. “Activity” is used for something that is done regularly.

3 A adapting B adopted C adapt D adopt

adopt: a) start to use a particular method or plan采用；b) legally become the parent of another person’s child 收养

adapt: gradually change your behavior and attitudes so that you get used to a new situation and can deal with it successfully 适应

4 A laying B lied C lay D lay

“Lie” (lying, lay, lain) is an intransitive verb, meaning “be in a position in which your body is flat” (躺). “Lay” (laying, laid, laid) is a transitive verb, meaning “put on a surface” or “produce eggs”. There is another intransitive verb “lie” (lying, lied, lied), meaning “say sth. untrue”(撒谎).

5 A weather B climate C weather

The word “weather” means “the climate at a ce rtain place and time, how much wind, rain, sunshine, etc. there is and how hot or cold it is” (天气，气象). “Climate” means “the normal weather conditions of a particular region over a period of time” (气候).

6 A invented B discovered

You use “invent” to say that someone is the first person to think of something or make something. You use “discover” to say that someone finds out about something which exists but which was not previously known.

7 A fun B funny C funny

“Fun” is an uncountable noun. If something is “fun”, it is pleasant, enjoyable, and not serious. “Funny” is an adjective. It describes something that makes you laugh or that