新编英语教程第三版第二册unit 3

Unit 3

I Lead-in

II Language Structures

Modal auxiliaries

1. would + perfect infinitive used to express “unfulfilled wish”

e.g. I would have liked to sign up, but I sprained my ankle.

2. should /ought to + perfect infinitive used to express “unfulfilled obligation”

needn’t + perfect infinitive expressing “unnecessary past actions”

e.g. 1) She should/ ought to have had more oral practice during the term.

2) She needn’t have learned all the dialogues by heart.

3. may /might + perfect infinitive used to express “speculations about past actions”

can /could not + perfect infinitive used to

express “negative deduction about past actions”

e.g. 1)He may/might have gone to the library.

2) She can’t/couldn’t have gone to the library.

4. must + perfect infinitive used to express “affirmative deduction about past actions”may /might as well used with the second person pronoun expressing “suggestions”

e.g. 1) She must have gone to the language lab.

2) Y ou may/might as well use my bike.

Preparatory Questions

Directions: Recast the following sentences using the following phrases:

1. “would have liked to (do)”

Notice:would have liked to (do)is used with the first person to express the speaker’s wish that was not fulfilled．

1) I intended to go skating with you yesterday

but I couldn’t because my mother didn’t let me.

(Response: I would have liked to go skating with you yesterday, but my mother didn’let me.)

2) I meant to sit in on Professor Wang’s class this morning but I didn’t because I had an important meeting to attend.

(Response: I would have liked to sit in on Professor Wang’s class this morning, but I had an important meeting to attend.)

3) I intended to take part in the basketball match yesterday afternoon but I couldn’t because I had a bad fall yesterday morning. (Response: I would have liked to take part in the basketball match yesterday afternoon, but I had a bad fall yesterday morning.)

4) I planned to lend you my cassette recorder, but I didn’t, because it was out of order. (Response: I would have liked to lend you my cassette recorder, but it was out of

order.)

2. should/ought to + perfect infinitive Notice:should/ought to + perfect infinitive, indicating a past obligation that was not fulfilled

1) The exhibition was a good one. All of us visited it except John.

(Response: : John should/ought to have come with us.)

2) We all learned a lot from the lecture, but Li didn’t attend it.

(Response: : Li ought to/should have attended the lecture.)

3) The engineer went to the research institute without an umbrella and was caught in the rain.

(Response: : The engineer ought to/should have taken an umbrella with him.)

4) They bought a book for Mary but she didn’t like it.

(Response: : They oughtn’t to/shouldn’t have

bought the book for Mary.)

needn’t + perfect infinitive

Notice: needn’t + perfect infinitive, indicating something that was unnecessarily done in the past

1) I wrote a summary in more than five hundred words. But the teacher only asked for 200 words.

(Response: : I needn’t have written such a long summary.)

2) Lin answered all the ten questions in the test paper. But we were only required to

answer eight of them.

(Response: : Lin needn’t have answered all the ten questions in the test paper.)

3) Mary went to the station an hour before the train started.

(Response: : Mary needn’t have gone to the station so early.)

4) Yao carried all the parcels home herself. She didn’t know they would deliver them if

she asked them.)

(Response: : Yao needn’t have carried all the parcels home herself. They would have delivered them if she had asked them.)

3．may/might +perfect infinitive

Notice: may/might +perfect infinitive, indicating speculations about past actions

1) Where is Susan? I want to go to the canteen with her.

(Response: : She may/might have gone there already.)

2) It’s a fortnight since Sun went to the South and we haven’t got a word from him. I wonder if he’s forgotten us all. (Response: : He may/might have been very busy with his work there.)

3) Sid told me he’d let me have the library book after he’d finished with it. It’s a week since he said that and he still hasn’t given me the book.

(Response: : He may/might have returned the

book to the library. // He may / might not have finished reading it yet.)

4) I’ve been looking for my bicycle key for three days, and it’s still nowhere to be found. (Response: : You may/might have lost it.)

can’t/couldn’t + perfect infinitive

Notice: can’t/couldn’t + perfect infinitive, indicating negative deduction about past actions

The first part of the response can be given to the students as a prompt.

1) Where is my typewriter? Someone must have stolen it last night.

(Response: : It was here a moment ago. It couldn’t have been stolen last night.)

2) Keith ought to be here now. Perhaps he’s lost his way.

(Response: : I told him how to come and I even drew him a map. He can’t have lost his way.)

3) Who brought the refrigerator upstairs?

Perhaps it was Tim.

(Response: : Tim’s not that strong. He couldn’t have brought it by himself.)

4) A man answered the phone. I suppose it was her husband.

(Response: : But her husband hasn’t come back from abroad yet. It couldn’t have been her husband.)

4. must + perfect infinitive

Notice: must + perfect infinitive, indicating affirmative deduction about past actions

1) The film he saw last night was wonderful. (Response: : He must have enjoyed seeing it.)

2) He looks tired, doesn’t he?

(Response: : He must have worked hard. / He must have stayed up late last night.)

3) The children were making a lot of noise until five minutes ago. Now it is so quiet. (Response: : The children must have gone away.)

4) James has checked all the figures twice over,

but he can’t get the correct answer. (Response: : James must have made a mistake somewhere.)

5. may/might as well

Notice: may/might as well, used with the second person pronoun to express the speaker’s

suggestion(s)

1) I am so exhausted after work. (Response: : You may/might as well go to sleep.)

2) I’m not feeling well. I think I’ve got a cold. (Response: : Being so weak, you may/might as well see a doctor.)

3) It is too hot for Karen and me to go for a picnic.

(Response: : Why don’t you change it to another day? You may/might as well go to a movie today.)

4) Nick won’t take up the additional work. He just wants to do his part.

(Response: : You may/might as well ask Lucy to do it. To get ahead on her job, she is

willing to try new things.)

Dialogue Pollution Control

A.Listening to the recording

B.Q uestions on the dialogue

1.W hy is London no longer a city full of fog?

2.W hat is the cause of air and water pollution in the city where A lives?

3.W hat problems do car bring?

4.W hat should be done to bring pollution in China completely under control?

5.D o you think that environmental pollution in China has been effectively reduced? If so, please cite some facts or examples.

C. Language Points

1.It must be terrible living there.—Living there must be terrible. The introductory it is a formal subject, whereas the -ing participle

living is the real subject. Another example, e.g. It is great fun boating on the lake.

2. the Clean Air Ac t — This was the result of the recommendations made by the Beaver Committee which was set up to inquire into the question of urban pollution in Britain. The committee was so named because its chairman was Sir Hugh Beaver.

3. enforce v .give emphasis or strength to sth.

加强；make sth.(a law ) obeyed or effective by force强迫服从，实施；force or cause sth. to be done or to happen迫使（某事）发生e.g. 1) Mike must provide enough examples to enforce his argument.

2) Y ou have no right to enforce your own views on me.

3) The government is unable to enforce its own laws and regulations.

4. the Thames／ｔｅｍｚ／is swarming

with fish —the River Thames is full of fish that move about busily. The names of rivers are preceded by the definite article the, e.g., the Yangzi River, the Yellow River, the Hudson River, the River Mississippi.

e.g. 1）Each summer the swimming pool swarms with people.

2) That town is always swarming with tourists from all over the world.

5. double: twice as much or as many as usual; 成双的，双重的，两倍的a. n. v.

a double bed/room at/on the double 迅速地，立即地；以跑步方式

e.g.1) The boss will give him double pay for working overtime.

2) The date had a double significance.

3) Y ou’d better be double careful when crossing the street.

4) The population of Japan doubles that of Canada.

5) The child birthrate in that area has

doubled.

6. torment n. extreme suffering, especially mental suffering; a person or thing that causes this.痛苦，折磨 v.

e.g. 1) Love is a sweet torment.

2) David has never suffered the torment of rejection.

3)They never torment themselves or each other over imperfections.

7.treatment devices—devices used to treat smoke, dust, and water pollution 治理三废设备

e.g. 1) The television receiver is an electronic device.

2) Sending advertising by email is very effective marketing device.

3) His illness is merely a device to avoid seeing his girlfriend.

8. residential a. containing or suitable for private houses; connected with or based on residence住宅的，与居住有关的

e.g.1) Gradually the surrounding farmland turned into residential areas.

2) It is a nice residential section, equipped with modern conveniences.

resident a. 居住的；n.居民，居住者residence n. 居住，住宅

reside v.居住，定居

9.irritate v. make ab. angry, annoyed or impatient 激怒，使烦躁；cause discomfort to(a part of body)使不舒服，刺激

e.g. 1) Our faults irritate us most when we see them in others.

2) Her effusive manner of greeting her friends finally began to irritate them.

3) These tight shoes irritate my toes.

10. more and more people have come to know how harmful... —more and more

people begin to know how harmful ... The infinitive after the verb come expresses an action that takes place gradually over some time.

e.g.After working with Mrs. Brown, who appeared quite hard-hearted, in the same office for many years, I’ve come to see that she has a heart of gold.

11. make stricter laws to that effect—make stricter laws with the intention to forbid car horns blowing in the streets. The word effect refers to what B says in the preceding line “it’s against the law to blow car horns in any street in town.”

to that effect: used to show that you’re giving the general meaning of what sb. has said or written rather than te exact words表示那个/这个意思，大意如此

e.g.1）He said he was greatly worried, or words to that effect.

2) Mary said she hated to see John, or hear

of the words to that effect.

to this/the effect 大意是说

to good/great/ dramatic effect 产生好的结果to no effect 无效果，不起作用

Expressions in Focus

1. “do away with...”—terminate, get rid of; abolish sth. e.g.

e.g. 1) Why not do away with all the junk in your room? It is getting more and more untidy!

2) How could they do away with a lovely old building like that and put a car park there instead?

3) These ridiculous rules and regulations should have been done away with years ago.

2. “add to…”— increase or have an increased effect;

“add sth. to sth.” —put sth. together with sth. else so as to increase e.g.

e.g.1) His words did nothing but added to my

anger.

2) The bad weather only added to our difficulties.

3) Teachers should exercise their imagination and add art to their teaching.

3. “bring…under control”—subdue or master sth.

e.g.1) To bring the noisy children under control, the teachers told them the story of “Buzzy Bees”.

2) Hundreds of firemen have brought a wildfire spread over nine square kilometers of land under control after battling to put out the flames for two days.

3) The Prime Minister said yesterday that the government is making all efforts to bring the high inflation under control.

D. Retelling

Sample outline for retelling

B, a student from England, is talking to A about the pollution problem.

1. B tells A about London at present: the steps that have been taken by the government and the change that has taken place.

2. A and B talk about the pollution problem in China:

1) air pollution in factory zones;

2) noise pollution in city streets;

3) A tells B that the Chinese government has taken some measures to control pollution.

Reading I Environment Pollution

A. Pre-Reading Activity

The environmental pollution on our planet has caused undesirable change and harmfully affected health, survival and activities of humans and other living organisms. Now, please think about the following questions before you read the text.

1.What are the major causes of environmental pollution?

Sample: Development of industry and Urbanization.

2.Is the place where you live polluted or even seriously polluted? If so, describe to your partner.

3. What can we do to reduce environmental pollution?

Sample: We should curb the sewage and smoke from factories, perform garbage classification and recycle wastes.

B. Background Notes

Particle Pollution (PM10) and (PM2.5)

1.Particle(n.颗粒，微粒；微量，极小量) pollution(also known as "particulate matter") in the air includes a mixture of solids and liquid droplets（液体的小滴）. Some particles are emitted directly; others are formed in the atmosphere when other pollutants react. Particles come in a wide

range of sizes. Those less than 10 micrometers in diameter直径(PM10) are so small that they can get into the lungs, potentially causing serious health problems. Ten micrometers is smaller than the width of a single human hair. Fine particles (PM2.5). Particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter are called "fine" particles. These particles are so small they can be detected only with an electron microscope. Sources of fine particles include all types of combustion, including motor vehicles, power plants, residential wood burning, forest fires, agricultural burning, and some industrial processes.

Coarse（粗糙的，粗鲁的；粗野的，粗俗的）dust particles. Particles between 2.5 and 10 micrometers in diameter are referred to as "coarse." Sources of coarse particles include crushing or grinding operations, and dust stirred up by vehicles traveling on roads.

2. fog and haze雾霾

新编英语教程3第三版翻译答案解析

Unit 1 1. 他们都认为他成功的可能性很小。 They all believed that his chances of success were slim. 2. 我不知道她为何总带有一种闷闷不乐的神情。 I don’t know why she always has an air of sadness. 3. 等到所有同学都就座后，学生会主席才开始宣布野营的日程安排。After all students were seated, the president of the students’ union proceeded to announce the camping itinerary. 4. 胃是人体至关重要的器官，请善待之。 Please take good care of our stomach which is a vital organ of our human body. 5、他认为总经理如此重视那些日常琐事是荒唐的。 He considered it absurd for the general manager to attach so much importance to those routine trifles. 6. 她的研究涉及多种语言和文化，富有挑战性。 Her study was full of challenge, which was concerned with many languages and cultures. 7. 根据安排，全体工作人员依次值晚班。 As is scheduled, all staff should take turns to do late duty. 8. 想到要远离父母独自生活，她深感不安。 She felt upset at the thought of leaving her parents and having an independent living in a remote area.

新编英语教程第二册教案

Book II Unit One I. Teaching Aims: In this unit students are required to : 1. Master the Main language structures a)the present perfect progressive indicating a finished action b)the past progressive indicating a circumstance and the simple past indicating a past event c)the past perfect progressive d)the‖ I was wondering if‖… pattern as a polite form of request 2. Practice listening comprehension ―An American sightseeing in Athens‖ 3. Learn dialogues ―A Time of Change‖―Requests and Offers‖ 4. Do some preparation activities such as discussion ,group work, pair work to practice their spoken skill and communicative skills 5. Grasp some new words and try to use these words which help them to enrich their vocabulary 6. Read the in-class reading passages in a limited time and grasp some expressions and grammatical points in the in-class reading passages to improve their reading comprehension 7. Do some post-reading exercises in the Workbook to practice what they have got to know in class to improve their four basic skills II. Teaching procedures: 1. Dialogue One A. Listening to the recording B. Ask some questions a. How does Grandpa feel after watching the OL YMPIC games on TV? Why? b. Why did the Chinese athletes fail in the Olympic Games in 1932, 1936 and 1948? c. How do you feel after you have watched the Olympic Games or any other international sports competition on TV? C. Retell the dialogue from the three points: a. the reason why he was so emotional after watching the Olympic Games on TV b. what happened to the Chinese athletes when he was young, c. China’s participation in the 1932, 1936 and 1948 Olympic Games. 2. Language points and practice (1). can’t help doing (2). It was not until… It was not until the second act began that she came. It was not until the beginning of the new term that I did my homework. (3). for no reason whatsoever whatsoever is used in negative or interrogative sentence for emphasis The doctor stayed away for no reason whatsoever. He has no money whatsoever. (4).drop out: stop attending or taking part He dropped out of college after only two weeks. The well-educated engineer dropped out of the working people simply because he wanted

新编英语教程5(第三版)

1) The reason why little girl like Barbie very much is that she looks like real people and can be dressed up in a perfect way. 2) Man-made objects, though out-numbered by natural objects, play a more and more important role in people’s life. 3)The number of man-made object is increasing steeply, compared with the number of natural objects as well as its actual number. 4) The little girl of today would gladly use their old Barbie to exchange the new version of Barbie whereas their mother or grandmother would be reluctant to throw away their dolls until they fall-apart simply, because they are too old nothing could be more obvious than the difference between them. 5)The societies and people that are used to poverty reject the practice of using one product only for once or a short time and then replace it by a new one. 6) It is meaning that less for a man who is fairy old to say that he wants to develop a hobby in this or that form. 7)It is sensible that you further develop the hobby; you already have instead of trying to cultivate a new one. 8)Taking up a hobby and living a more regularized way of life are the most effective way to save them from their boredom. 9)The long hour’s work in the office or factory provides these people with the money so they can live their lives and gives them a strong desire for the simplest pleasure. 10)In fact, it is highly likely that those people who take their work as their pleasure are need to divert their effort from work from time to time urgently. 11)The ability to do the right thing at the right time is essential to a good leader. 12) A leader must be good at exercising his authority (this is a quality that a leader must have) and be able to demonstrate to the people that he does. 13) A leader should find out what the people want to do or have, and guide them to achieve it. 14) If we are not powerful, determined and brave, we can’t except to f ind a good leader, no matter how skilled we are in shopping images, we can’t make him to be what he is not, he is only a representative of all of us. 15) John Dewey has said seriously that the degree that someone’s behavior can influence the custom is the same as the degree that his body talk can influence his mother tongue. 16)The result from a serious study of the custom which is not influence by the outside shows that what Dewey said is just an objective description of the fact. 17) If we still think that our culture is superior to those of the people who we regard as uncivilized, underdeveloped or irreligious, the study anthropology must be meaningless. 18)W e must realized that all the beliefs are based on the same thing, the intangible and should be treated equally along with our own. 19)I believe that people in the society high above me are selfless, pure, noble and very intelligent. 20)But it is difficult for a man of the working class to improve his social status, especially when he was full of objectives and imaginations 21)It is physically strong, and they profited a lot by exploiting my strength, but I only lived a poor life. 22)He was no longer strong enough to make money by selling his strength and had nothing left to him, he had no other choice, but to slide down to the bottom of the society and die there in misery. 23) After 100 years, the black people is still suffering in the isolated part of American society, and he feels like an outcast in his own country. 24) We can see very clearly that as far as the black people are concerned, America didn’t fulfill its promise. 25) We are here to demand the fulfillment of the promises which can guarantee us our freedom and justice. 26)This is not the right time to calm down and adopt gradualism, waiting patiently for a solution.

新编英语教程第三版第三册-句子翻译

1. 他们都认为他成功的可能性很小。 They all believed that he had a slim chance of success. 2. 我不知道她为何总带有一种闷闷不乐的神情。 I don’t know why she has an air of sadness all the time. 3. 等到所有同学都就座后，学生会主席才开始宣布野营的日程安排。 It was after all the students had taken their seats that the president of the students’union proceeded to announce the camping itinerary. 4. 胃是人体至关重要的器官，请善待之。 The stomach is a vital organ of the human body; please take good care of it. 5. 他认为总经理如此重视那些日常琐事是荒唐的。 He considered it ridiculous for the general manager to attach so much importance to those routine trifles. 6. 她的研究涉及到多种语言和文化，富有挑战性。 Her study, which ranged over many languages and cultures, was full of challenge. 7. 根据安排，全体工作人员轮流值晚班。 As is scheduled, all the members of the staff take turns to do late duty. 8. 想到要远离父母独立生活，她深感不安。 She was greatly upset at the thought of leaving her parents and living on her own in a remote area. 9. 对于她是否胜任这项工作我们不甚担心，我们担心的是她的健康问题。We do not worry so much about her qualifications for the job as about her health. 10. 想到要作一次环球航海旅行，他为之激动不已。 He was greatly excited about the prospect of having a cruise around the world. 1. 看着自己孩提时代的玩具，我不禁疑惑起自己当年为何如此喜欢它们了。When looking at some children’s toys I played with during my childhood, I can’t help but wonder why I liked them so much then. 2. 一些官员指出：给银行高管发巨额奖金显示有必要实施某些金融改革。Some officials point out that the lavish bonuses to bank executives show the need for certain financial reforms. 3. 会长简单地陈述了马上要做的事，即选出一个秘书和财务管理人。 The president of the society briefly stated the business in hand, namely to choose a secretary and treasurer. 4. 与其因此发火，我们还不如想想该怎么办。 Instead of getting all riled up about this, we should try to figure out what to do. 5. 要是你爱上一个已经有男朋友的女孩又会怎样呢？你会告诉她你喜欢她吗？ What if you fall in love with a girl who is already attached with a boy friend? Will you tell her that you like her? 6. 他喜欢得意地欣赏自己赢得的所有奖品，他把这些奖品存放在一个玻璃柜里。 He likes to gloat over all the prizes he has won, which he keeps in a glass case. 7. 为了我们的所有孩子，请大家记住这一点，在选举日投出你明智的一票。For the sake of all of our children, please keep this in mind and vote sensibly on election day. 8. 上个月我们减少了外出吃饭的次数，因此节省了一大笔开销。 Last month we cut back on the amount we were eating out, so we saved a lot of money. 9. 之前我从未想过去尝试让“脸谱（Facebook）”成为联系老朋友的一个途径，但是我试了一下，就和多年前的一些老朋友取得了联系。 It never occurred to me to try Facebook as a way of connecting with old friends, but I tried it and got in touch with some friends from years ago. 10. 一位驻伊拉克的美军高级司令官宣布，伊拉克军队准备在美军撤走其战斗部队后接管安全工作。 A top U.S. military commander in Iraq declares that Iraqi forces are ready to take over security operations when the U.S. withdraws its combat troops. 1. 凡是听到她不幸遭遇的人无不深表同情。 No one who has heard about her misfortune will not feel deep sympathy for her. 2. 他提出这个问题是出于好奇心，而非出于求知欲。 He asked the question out of mere curiosity rather than out of any genuine desire for knowledge. 3. 这位年轻学者专心致志地开发新型的电脑翻译软件，他深信在不久的将来自己会成名。

新编英语教程-第三版-练习册2-翻译句子

1.我能认出这块表是我的，因为表的背面有划痕。 I can identify this watch as mine by the scratches on the back. 2.他嗜巧克力如命，吃的停不下来。 He was so addicted to chocolate that he couldn’t stop taking it. 3.史密斯先生从教学岗位上退休下来以后，开始从事摄影这一兴趣爱好。 Mr.Smith took up photography as a hobby after he retired from teaching. 4.相比较起来，这幢房子的优点是价格低，而那幢房子的优点是交通便利。 By comparison,this house has the advantage of low price,but that house has the advantage of convenient transportation. 5.他似乎正在使出全身解数，试图提高这一新产品的销售额。 It seems that he is making every effort to promote the sale of this new product. 6.热切的学生们纷纷挤进了讲堂，聆听来自剑桥大学的那位著名教授讲课。The eager students crowded into the lecture hall to hear the famous professor from Cambridge University. 7.他们责怪他向队友发出的信号混乱不清。 They blamed him for sending confusing signals to the teammates. 8.我们的产品仍然远远领先于我们竞争对手的产品。 Our product still has a good lead over that of our competitor. 1.我不知道他如何能靠自己的薪水买得起一套新房子。 I wonder how he can afford a new flat on his salary. 2.要管理好一所学校，校长起着很重要的作用。 The headmaster plays an important role in the effective administration of a school. 3.在家庭事务中具有最后决定权的是我母亲。 It is my mother who has the final say in family affairs. 4.生物学，特别是微生物学，从他学生时代起就令他着迷。 Biology,microbiology in particular, has fascinated him from his student days. 5.她有没有说什么令你特别感兴趣的东西？ Has she said anything that appeales to you especially 6.在这么复杂的情况下，没有人能揣测出谁将赢得下一次竞选。 Under such complicated conditions,no one can tell who will win the next election. 7.这是100英镑，它够支付你所有的花费了。 Here is 100 pounds,that should cover all your expenses.

新编英语教程(第三版)unit6练习册答案

Reference for Unit 6 workbook exercises Blank Filling A. 1.changed, promising https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4f18240689.html,ing, qualified 3.determined 4.spoken, leading, surprising 5.frightening 6.demanding 7.pleased, soiled https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4f18240689.html,plicated 9.interested, exciting, soaked 10.tiring, tired B. 1.giving 2.Fascinated, rising / rise 3.singing, to do, making

4.keeping, playing, to be, to see, climbing 5.opening 6.to take, shopping, doing, to do 7.to have remembered, to tell, preparing, to do 8.to watch, to read, reading, watching 9.missing, to tell 10.to be taken 11.swimming, cleaning, to do 12.waiting, seeing, missing, to find, to be C. 1.for 2.to 3.of 4.on 5.read 6.across 7.about / for 8.in 9.until / till 10.opinion 11.by 12.keep 13.excellent 14.time 15.pleasure 16.from 17.yourself 18.in 19.filled 20.trains

新编英语教程第三版李观仪Unit课文及译文参考

Unit 1 恰到好处 Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective （模糊的形容词）, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose. 你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。语言也是如此。一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。他会一直思考，直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。 The French have an apt（贴切的） phrase for this. They speak of “le mot juste,” (the exact word) the word that is just right. Stories are told of scrupulous（一丝不苟的） writers, like Flaubert, who spent days trying to get one or two sentences exactly right. Words are many and various; they are subtle（微妙的） and delicate（细腻的） in their different shades（色调）of meaning, and it is not easy to find the ones that express precisely（正是，恰恰） what we want to say. It is not only a matter of having a good command of language and a fairly wide vocabulary; it is also necessary to think hard and to observe accurately. Choosing words is part of the process of realization, of defining our thoughts and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or read our words. Someone once remarked: “How can I know what I think till I see what I say?” this sounds stupid, but there is a great deal of truth in it. 法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思，即“le mot juste”, 恰到好处的词。有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事，比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。在浩瀚的词海中，词与词之间有着微妙的区别，要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当大的词汇量的问题，还需要人们绞尽脑汁，要观察敏锐。选词是认识过程的一个步骤，也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。有人说：“在我思想未成文之前，我怎么知道自己的想法？”这听起来似乎很离谱，但它确实很有道理。 It is hard work choosing the right words, but we shall be rewarded by the satisfaction that finding them brings. The exact use of language gives us mastery（掌握） over the material we are dealing with. Perhaps you have been asked “What sort of a man is so-and-so（某某等）?” You begin: “Oh, I think he’s quite a nice chap （家伙）but he’s rather…” and then you hesitate trying to find a word or phrase to express what it is about him that

新编英语教程第三版第三章翻译

Unit 4 [见教材P61] Writing Between the Lines 阅读时要做读书笔记 Mortimer J、Adler(U、S、) 莫迪摩尔、J、阿德勒(美国) ①You know you have to read “between the lines” to get the most out of anything、②I want to persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading、③I want to persuade you to “write between the lines、” ④Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading、 ①您很清楚,为了能够最充分地理解,您必须要能听读懂言外之意。②现在,我想建议您在阅读时也要做同等重要得事,那就就是建议您在阅读时做读书笔记,否则您得阅读不大可能就是最有效得。 ①I contend, quite bluntly, that 、 ①坦白说,我认为,人们阅读时在书上做笔记不就是毁书,而就是爱书。 ①There are two ways in which you can own a book、②The first is the property right [you establish by paying for it], just as you pay for clothes and furniture、③But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession、④Full ownership es only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it、⑤An illustration may make the point clear、⑥You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butcher’s icebox to your own、⑦But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense and get it into your bloodstream、⑧I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in your bloodstream to do you any good、

unit 1新编英语教程第三版 第二册

Unit 1 Language Structures Main Teaching Points: The Passive Sentence involving the moral auxiliary have to . The pupils should be told that their homework has to be checked before they hand it in. 2. converted from the active sentence with a direct and indirect object . She isn’t paid anything for overtime. 3. involving the verb phrase/ phrasal verb . I don’t think anybody should be made fun of because of his physical handicap. 4. from by the They say/It is said …patterns . They say/ It is said that three parks will be expanded. Language Points: scratch: (at sth.) to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching;挠，搔（痒处）; to make or remove a mark刮出（或刮去）痕迹；（sb./sth.）(from sth.)to decide that sth. cannot happen or sb./sth. cannot take part in sth., before it starts.取消，撤销，退出 . 1) The dog scratched itself behind the ear. 2)I’d scratched my leg and it was bleeding. 3)Be careful not to scratch the furniture. 4)His pen scratched away on the paper. 5)to scratch a rocket launch取消火箭发射计划 6)She has scratched because of a knee injury. 2. turn sb./sth. down: to reject or refuse to consider an offer, a proposal, etc. or the person who makes it.拒绝，顶回（提议、建议或提议人）；to reduce the noise, heat, etc. produced by a piece of equipment by moving its controls 把…调低；关小 has been turned down for ten jobs so far. 2)He asked her to marry him but she turned him down. 3)Please turn the volume down.音量调低。 3. look down on sb./sth.: to think that you are better than sb./ sth.蔑视，轻视，瞧不起 . She looks down on people who haven’t been to college. look sb. up and down: to look at sb. in a careful or critical way上下仔细打量，挑剔地审视某人 (not) look yourself :to not have your normal healthy appearance气色不像往常那样好 . You’re not looking yourself today.=You look tired or ill/sick.

新编英语教程第三版第四册练习册翻译题答案(总主编李观仪,主编梅德明版)

新编英语教程第三版第四册练习册翻译题答案（总主编李观仪，主编梅德明版） Unit1 1.每当他午夜下班回家，他总是蹑手蹑脚地上楼，以免吵醒邻居。 Every time he returned home from work at midnight, he would tiptoe upstairs,trying not to disturb his neighbors. 2.为了与新来的邻居建立一种和睦的关系，格林先生不失时机地主动帮她把行李搬进屋子。To establish some kind of rapport with his new neighbor, Mr.Jones lost no chance in offering to carry her luggage into the house. 3.米勒博士向我们推荐的文章中论述了空气污染问题，同时也提到了诸如水污染、噪音污染和视觉污染等问题。 The article recommended by https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4f18240689.html,ler centers on the problem of air pollution; meanwhile, it touches upon others issues such as water pollution, noise pollution and visual pollution. 4.要不是她朋友时常鼓励她、帮助她，她将一事无成。 If it had not been for the constant encouragement and help from her friends, she couldn’t have accomplished anything. 5.几天前他还对这项计划嗤之以鼻，可他现在却以高涨的热情去努力落实这项计划，这转变真令人难以理解。 It was only a few days ago that he was full of contempt for the new project, but he is now working hard with zest for its realization. What a baffling change! 6.从她的自传可以断定，她对那名钢琴师始终怀有一种复杂的感情。 Judging from what she wrote in her autobiography, she always had mixed feelings for that pianist. 7.他在大厅里候机时与两名美国旅行者攀谈起来，谈到了很多有趣的跨文化方面的问题。While waiting in the lounge for the flight, he struck up a conversation with two American travelers and touched on many interesting cross cultural issues. 8.这些女孩子都害怕晚上单身一人值夜班。 These girls all dread working alone on night duty. 9.我不在乎加班工作，我介意的是在周末尽做一些无意义的琐碎杂务。 I don’t mind working overtime. What I do mind is working on those insignificant trivial during the weekend. Unit2 1.这个看上去饱经风霜的渔翁伸出他那由于辛劳而布满老茧的双手，开始讲述他海上生活的艰难历程。 Holding out his work-gnarled hands, the old fisherman with a weather-beaten face started to tell us about the hardships of his life on the sea. 2.小女孩显然受伤不轻。她哭了好几个小时，现在仍在呻吟。 The little girl is apparently badly injured. She’s been crying for hours and she’s still moaning. 3.当诺贝尔奖得主由主席陪同走上讲台时，整个大厅顿时爆发出一阵欢呼声和鼓掌声。 As the Nobel Prize winner went onto the platform escorted by the chairman, the whole hall rocked with cheers and clapping. 4.舞会进行到高潮时，舞厅里一片乐曲和歌声。 When the dance party was in full swing, music and songs swirled all around the ballroom. 5.不知是何原因，许多大学生又表现出对中国传统戏如京剧和越剧的浓厚兴趣。 For reasons that are not quite understood, there has been a revival of strong interest in