韩老师三级笔译实务第四讲文稿
?三级笔译实务第四讲文稿
一、 翻译鉴赏部分：
汉英：
刘晓明大使在英国国防大学联合指挥与参谋学院的演讲：《孙子兵法》与中国的外交国防政策
尊敬的联合指挥与参谋学院院长洛克空军少将，
女士们、先生们，
未来的将军们:
我很高兴应洛克院长的邀请访问英国国防大学联合指挥与参谋学院，这座将军的摇篮。
我曾在英国许多大学发表过演讲，包括牛津、剑桥、帝国理工等。今天还是第一次在英国军事院校作演讲。洛克院长为今天的演讲出了好几个题目，包括中国的外交、国防政策和中欧、中英关系。
既然是在军事院校演讲，我不妨从中国古代的一部兵书谈起，这就是著名的《孙子兵法》。《孙子兵法》已有2500年历史，被译成许多种语言，流传到世界各地，仅英文译本就有17种之多。虽然作为冷兵器时代的一部兵书，《孙子兵法》有些内容已经远离当今时代，但其许多战略、战术思想并未随历史褪色，而仍熠熠生辉。美国西点军校将之列为必读经典。英国著名军事历史学家和军事理论家利德尔?哈特（Sir B H Liddell—Hart）曾经深入研究过《孙子兵法》，并在为Samuel Griffith的《孙子兵法》英译本作序时认为《孙子兵法》远未过时，并感叹道：“《孙子兵法》将我20多部著作所涉及的战略和战术原则几乎包罗无遗。”
我发现，《孙子兵法》对今天中国外交、国防政策的形成亦有深刻影响。
《孙子兵法》开宗明义第一句话，就是：“兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。” 孙子还认为， “故上兵伐谋，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。”可见，《孙子兵法》尽管是一部兵书，但其指导思想是“慎战”和“不战”。这与中国古代其他先哲的观点如出一辙，如老子和孟子都认为：“兵者，凶器也。”这也就不难理解90年前为什么英国著名哲学家、思想家罗素在其著作《中国问题》中指出：“中国历史上虽然征战连绵，但中国人天性是喜好和平的。”
《孙子兵法》及中国古代的这些和平、不战思想，是今天中国和平发展道路的滥觞。
今天的中国，立足中国国情，顺应时代潮流，坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，将维护世界和平、促进共同发展作为中国外交政策的宗旨。中国倡导互信、互利、平等、协作的新安全观，秉持积极有为的国际责任观，奉行睦邻友好的地区合作观，主张世界各国一道建立持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。中国绝不搞侵略扩张，永远不争霸、不称霸，始终作维护世界和地区和平稳定的坚定力量,中国绝不走历史上“国强必霸”的老路。
今
天的中国，坚定支持联合国在维护世界和平与安全中的核心地位，致力于和平解决国际争端和热点问题。中国是唯一公开承诺不首先使用核武器、不对无核武器国家和无核武器区使用或威胁使用核武器的核国家。中国累计向联合国30项维和行动派出各类人员约2.1万人次，是派出维和人员最多的联合国安理会常任理事国。中国积极参与反恐、防扩散领域国际合作，向索马里海域派遣海军护航编队。中国在朝核、伊朗核等热点问题上坚持劝和促谈，推动形成朝核问题六方会谈机制,发挥了建设性作用。中国同12个陆地邻国解决了历史遗留的边界问题，坚持通过对话谈判处理同邻国领土和海洋权益争端，提出“搁置争议、共同开发”的主张，尽最大努力维护南海、东海及周边和平稳定。
不久前，我在接受BBC“新闻之夜”节目采访时，主持人杰里米?帕克斯曼问我：“美国为了推行民主不惜发动战争。中国想推行什么？”我当时就回答说：“中国致力于构建和谐世界。我们主张国与国相互尊重、相互包容，而不是把自己的价值观和社会制度强加给别人。我们主张世界各国携手努力，保障各国共同安全与福祉，维护世界和平与稳定。我们坚决反对在国际事务中诉诸武力。”这就是中国的和平外交政策。
与中国的和平外交政策相一致，今天中国奉行的是防御性国防战略。《孙子兵法》是一部兵书，是战争的艺术，那么战争的最高境界是什么？孙子认为是“百战百胜，非善之善者也；不战而屈人之兵，善之善者也。”孙子也提出：“非危不战”，“无恃其不来，恃吾有以待之；无恃其不攻，恃吾有所不可攻也”。
只有建立强大的国防，才能有效维护国家主权安全和发展利益；只有具备制胜的力量，才能有效地遏制战争，这是古今中外历史告诉我们的真理。中国有广阔的领土和辽阔的海洋，面对错综复杂的国际战略格局和中国安全环境，面对世界新军事变革方兴未艾的发展态势，能否化解多元和复杂的非传统安全挑战，能否有效应对暴力恐怖势力、民族分裂势力和宗教极端势力的威胁，能否打赢未来可能发生的高技术战争，成为中华民族能否实现伟大复兴的关键。
中国的国防建设不针对、不威胁任何国家，中国不会也无意同任何国家搞军备竞赛。中国的国防建设从来没有超越捍卫国家安全的需要，中国国防开支也是合理适度的。根据伦敦国际战略研究所的报告，中国的军费在世界各国中处于较低水平，2010年中国军费占GDP的1.3%，不仅远低于美国、英国、俄罗斯等传统军事强国，也低于印度、巴西等新兴国家。如果从人均军费
看，中国则更低，仅有美国的1/38，英国的1/20。
《孙子兵法》从根本上主张不战、慎战，但并不惧战、畏战。同样，我们讲积极防御，并不是软弱可欺，而是后发制人。后发即“人不犯我、我不犯人”，制人则是“人若犯我、我必犯人”。中国积极防御军事战略的立足点，是有效遏制和防止战争，同时也是时刻准备应对战争和打赢战争。以敢战能战来达到不战而屈人之兵，以敢于“亮剑”而全力争取战争胜利，这是孙子兵法的精髓，也是当代中国的军魂。
女士们、先生们，
在当今世界，中欧关系是很重要的双边关系。中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，欧洲是世界上最大的发达国家集合体，中欧之间没有地缘政治争端，没有根本利害冲突。近几十年来，合作一直是双边关系的主流。中欧现在互为最大经贸合作伙伴。欧盟是中国第一大出口市场，中国是欧盟第二大出口市场，欧盟还是中国第一投资目的地和最大技术引进来源地。
中英关系的发展总体上与中欧关系步调保持一致。中英高层互访密切频繁，经贸合作亮点频现，人文交流热度频升。今年是中英建立大使级外交关系40周年，两国将举行一系列纪念庆祝活动。特别值得指出的是，中英两军关系近年来也走上快速发展轨道。去年，英军陆、海、空军参谋长相继访华。中英防务战略磋商和两国高级退役将领交流得到机制化。
如何进一步发展中欧、中英关系？我仍想借用《孙子兵法》及中国古人的一些智慧。
《孙子兵法》里有一句名言：“知己知彼，百战不殆”。《孙子兵法》总共只有6074个字，其中“知”字是出现频率最多的一个字，共出现了79次。今天，中欧关系及中英关系是合作伙伴关系，不是竞争对手关系，要发展和深化这种伙伴关系，就要不断加深了解，增强信任，化解疑虑，消除担忧。我想在此引用你们的一位前辈的观点，他就是曾任英军陆军野战部队司令的拉姆中将。去年，他作为英国退役将军代表团团长访问了中国，回来后在《泰晤士报》上发表了一篇文章，他在文章中认为，欧洲和西方不能制造新的敌人，不能妖魔化中国，对话有益彼此了解，驱除担忧。
中国古语说：“尺有所短，寸有所长；物有所不足,智有所不明。”中欧、中英处在不同的发展阶段，面临着不同的发展挑战，彼此经济互补性强，合作利益大，双方应当充分拓展合作空间，挖掘合作潜力，努力实现互利共赢。
中欧、中英的历史文化、社会制度和价值观念不同，双方在一些问题上存在分歧是正常的。如何对待这些不同？如何处理这些分歧？我们不
赞成将自己的制度视为普世模式，到处推销；不赞成将自己的价值观视为唯一正确标准，强加于人；也不赞成冷战思维，搞意识形态对抗。我们主张双方相互尊重，正视不同，平等相待；坦诚对话，求同存异，增进互信；相互借鉴，取长补短，互利共赢。
《孙子兵法》里还有一个著名的故事，讲得是中国古时候吴国人与越国人不和，当他们同船渡河时，遇到大风，他们相互救援就像人的左右手一样。这个故事成为了一句成语——“同舟共济”。
在世界多极化、经济全球化、社会信息化深入发展的时代，世界是一个“地球村”。恐怖主义、大规模杀伤性武器扩散、自然灾害、气候变化、公共卫生、金融风险以及能源资源、粮食和水资源安全，是全球性问题和人类共同挑战；同时，中欧利益相互依存、利益交融，实际上形成了你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体，也就是说欧洲和中国同在一条船上。中欧必须同舟共济、携手合作，努力实现可持续和包容性发展。
女士们、先生们：
今天中国的外交和国防政策，是历史积淀、时代发展和博采众长的产物，显然一部《孙子兵法》不足以概括全部，但我相信，认识《孙子兵法》这部古老的兵书，了解中国思想文化的源头，能为理解今天中国的和平发展道路增添一条途径，能为打消对中国的不必要担忧增加一些决心，能为积极开展与中国的交流合作增强一些动力。这就是我今天演讲的主旨所在。
谢谢！
Sun Tzu's Wisdom Behind China's Diplomacy and Defence Policy
Speech by H.E. Ambassador Liu Xiaoming At the UK Joint Services Command and Staff College
2012/02/11
Air Vice-Marshal Ray Lock,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Commanders of the Future,
It’s my great pleasure to visit the Joint Services Command and Staff College.
I was delighted to accept the invitation of Air Vice-Marshal Ray Lock to give this talk.
I’ve visited and spoken at many British universities, such as Oxford, Cambridge and Imperial College. But today is unique in the sense that this is my first speech to a military college.
I am impressed to know that your College has won a reputation as the cradle of military leaders for Britain.
I feel privileged to speak and propose to touch on three themes:
? China’s diplomacy;
? China’s defence policy;
? And China’s relations with Britain and Europe.
We need to take a step back to understand China’s foreign and defence policy. Since this is a military college, let’s trace the origin of Chinese thinking on war and peace.
The key is an ancient Chinese book.
Sometime it is called ‘Military Principles’ but the more popular translation is The Art of War.
This is a classical Chinese military treatise written 2,500 years ago. The book was a
uthored by a high-ranking general called Sun Tzu.
The book has since been translated into many languages and read and studied around the world. It is said there are 17 English versions.
You might ask what relevance such an ancient book has in the high technology world of today. Some arguments in The Art of War do seem to be out of touch in the modern world.
But with careful study you will find that many of its strategies, tactics and thoughts are highly relevant today. The book still offers a central text of military thought for defense communities. I know that the book has been adopted as a must-read by West Point and many other military academies.
The prominent British military historian and theorist Sir Basil Liddell Hart was a student of The Art of War. He argued the book was far from outdated.
In his foreword for Samuel Griffith’s English translation of the book, he wrote:
“It was time they went back to Sun Tzu, since in that one short book was embodied almost as much about the fundamentals of strategy and tactics as I had covered in more than twenty books.”
For China, the importance of The Art of War has spread far beyond military studies. The book has deep influence in framing China’s foreign policy and its approach to security and defence.
The opening line of The Art of War is:
“The art of war is of vital importance to the State. It is a matter of life and death, a road either to safety or to ruin.
Hence it is a subject of inquiry, which can on no account be neglected.”
Sun Tzu continued:
“Thus the highest form of generalship is to balk the enemy’s plan. The next best is to prevent the junction of the enemy’s forces. The next in order is to attack the enemy’s army in the field. And the worst policy of all is to besiege walled cities.”
The Art of War stands out from other military theory books. The reason is the stress on the cautious use of force and to avoid war.
Sun Tzu is not alone in this view.
Many Chinese philosophers around his time also cautioned against war. Both Lao Tzu and Mencius warned war and conflict carry big dangers.
There have also been thinkers outside China that support this approach. The famous British philosopher, Bertrand Russell, also observed the consistent commitment to peace of China. 90 years ago Russell wrote in his book The Problem of China that:
“Although there have been many wars in China, the natural outlook of the Chinese is very pacifistic.”
This legacy explains China’s choice of a peaceful path to development today. These are the key facts about our foreign and defence policies:
? China’s commitment to an independent, peaceful foreign policy is based upon its national conditions. This reflects the needs of our time.
? At the heart of our policy is to build a peaceful world that provides shared prosperity for all.
? China calls for mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and cooperation to build a peaceful world.
? China actively assumes its f
air share of global responsibilities and seeks to shape a friendly neighborhood.
? We want to work with all countries and contribute to a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity.
? China does not believe in expansion or hegemony.
? Instead, we have always been a staunch force for world peace and regional stability.
? China will not repeat the errors of history, whereby ‘power leads to hegemony’. That approach has plunged the world into disaster and conflict.
? China supports the centrality of the United Nations in matters affecting world peace and security.
? China is committed to addressing international disputes and related crisis in a peaceful manner.
? China is the only country that has publicly undertaken not to be the first to use nuclear weapons. In addition China will not use, or threaten to use, nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries or nuclear-free zones.
? China is the largest peace keeping contributor within the UN Security Council. We have sent 21,000 peacekeepers on 30 UN missions.
? China plays an active role in international counter-terrorism and non-proliferation. Currently, our naval vessels are performing escort missions in the waters off Somalia.
? China encourages peace talks on the North Korean nuclear issue. We are the host and a constructive participant in the Six-Party talks.
? The same approach applies to the Iranian nuclear issue and other critical conflicts.
? China has peacefully addressed its long-standing boundary issues with 12 of its neighbours on land. We are determined to find negotiated solutions to territorial and maritime disputes with neighbouring countries
? China is guided by the principle of ‘shelving disputes and joint development’. We will do everything we can to keep the South China Sea, the East China Sea and our entire neighborhood peaceful and stable.
Recently, I spoke about the peaceful, responsible role of China in world affairs. This was on BBC Newsnight. Jeremy Paxman asked me:
“The United States will go to war to promote democracy, what do you try to promote?”
I responded by saying:
“We are promoting a harmonious world. We believe the world will be more peaceful and prosperous, if all countries respect each other, rather than imposing their own ideas and systems onto others. We believe mutual respect, mutual accommodation and working together for the common good, common security is in the interest of peace and stability of the world. So we are strongly opposed to any military solutions.”
This is what China’s peaceful foreign policy is all about.
Consistent with this foreign policy guideline, China’s military posture is defensive in nature.
Let me explain our thinking by returning to The Art of War and ask this question:
If war is an art, then what is the highest level of victory?
Sun Tzu gives this answer:
“To fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence; supreme excellence consis
ts in breaking the enemy’s resistance without fighting.”
To stress the war as the last resort for self-protection, Sun Tzu continues:
“Fight not unless the position is critical”.
Essentially Sun Tzu laid out a strategy of pro-active defence where he writes:
“The art of war teaches us to rely not on the likelihood of the enemy’s not coming, but on our own readiness to receive him; not on the chance of his not attacking, but rather on the fact that we have made our position unassailable.”
Only a strong and credible force of defence can effectively protect national sovereignty and development interests.
Only such a force can effectively deter any attempt for war. This is what the pattern of world history has taught us.
China has a huge landmass and vast waters under its jurisdiction.
We face a complex international strategic landscape and security environment. In addition a new revolution in military affairs is gaining momentum worldwide.
Going forward, the critical challenges for China are three-fold:
? Whether or not China can defeat diverse and complex non-conventional security challenges?
? Whether or not China can effectively deal with threats from violent terrorism, ethnic separatism and religious extremism?
? And whether or not China can win a high-tech war in the future?
The answers to these three questions determine whether China’s national rejuvenation is possible.
What I want to stress are these points:
? China’s defence modernisation doesn’t target or threaten any one.
? China has no interest or intention to engage in any arms race.
? China’s defence building never exceeds the need for national security.
? And China’s defence spending has always been reasonable and proportionate to the challenges we face.
These are key comparative facts about military spending:
? According to a report of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, China’s military budget is relatively low compared to other major powers.
? Our spending was only 1.3 percent of China’s GDP in 2010.
? This figure is below that of America, Britain, Russia.
? Also the 1.3 percent of GDP is lower than some emerging countries such as India and Brazil.
? At a per head level, China’s defence spending is even lower. We are only 1/38 of America and 1/20 of Britain.
In essence, The Art of War talks about avoiding war and going to war with caution. But, this prudent approach does not mean fear or cowardice.
It is crucial that leaders around the world understand our defence strategy. They should never mistake the principles of The Art of War as a display of weakness and vulnerability.
China is not to launch preemptive strikes. But in case we are threatened or under attack, there should be no doubt that China will take robust action to protect its interests.
The thrust of Chinese defence strategy is very clear. China has the deterrence and wisdom to win without fighting. But if needed, China has
the courage and capability to win through fighting.
This is the essence of The Art of War and the soul of China’s military strategy today.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
I would also address the issue of China’s relations with Britain and Europe.
In today’s world, the China-Europe relationship carries much weight. China is the world’s largest developing country and Europe is by far the largest bloc of developed countries. We have no geopolitical tension or fundamental conflicting interests between us.
For decades, cooperation has been the defining feature of our relationship. Today, we are each other’s number one trading partner. To be specific, the EU is China’s largest export market, largest investment destination and the biggest technology supplier of China. And China is the EU’s second largest export market.
Turning to the relations between China and Britain.
China-UK relations are also growing fast. This is a partnership marked by mutual good-will, close high-level engagements, strong commercial ties and fast developing people-to-people exchanges.
This year, our two countries will co-host a range of celebrations to mark 40 years of full diplomatic relations.
In the context of this strengthening relationship, one particular area of good progress is our military-to-military ties.
Last year, Britain’s Chief of General Staff, Chief of Naval Staff and Chief of the Air Staff all paid visits to China.
China-UK defence strategic consultation and a structured dialogue between Chinese and British retired senior military officers have been put in place.
In this final part of my talk today I would like to pose the following question:
? Going forward, how to strengthen China’s relations with Britain and Europe?
Let me borrow some wisdom from The Art of War and China’s ancient sages.
The Art of War famously remarked:
“If you know your counterparts and know yourself, you will have nothing to fear.”
What merits much attention is that the book’s original Chinese text has 6,074 characters.
Within these characters the word ‘know’ appears 79 times. That is more than any other character.
Today, Europe and Britain are China’s partners, not adversaries. For our partnership to strengthen and widen, we need to know each other better. We need greater trust to disarm suspicions and concerns. Let me quote what one veteran British general said of China.
Lieutenant-General Sir Graeme Lamb is the former Commander Field Army. Last year he led a delegation of British veteran generals to China.
In The Times upon his return, he wrote these words:
“We should talk to China, not demonise it. … The danger lies in making a new enemy. …When it comes to relations with the Chinese, … it's good to talk. That applies to both sides. …Knowledge dispels fear.”
We Chinese have an old saying:
“Everything has its merits and demerits. And wisdom has its limits”.
The fact that China is at a different stage of development from
Britain and Europe means we face different sets of challenges.
This also means we have much to gain from this strong economic complementarity and from cooperation.
Greater effort must be made to widen the scope of cooperation and to tap into the rich potentials to build a win-win future.
For this to happen, our different histories, cultures, social systems and values shouldn’t become barriers. The question is how we should handle differences and diversity.
Some people see their own system as universal and try to export it throughout the world. They see their own values as the only right standard, to which the whole world should be held up.
This is not what we would support. We are not in favour of imposing one’s own views on others, nor do we support Cold-War style ideological confrontation.
We believe in facing up to differences squarely, with respect and a shared commitment to seek common ground. Only in this way can we achieve win-win and both succeed through good-faith mutual learning.
Talking of solidarity and cooperation, there’s another well known story arising from The Art of War. The story is about Warring Kingdoms. The people from the Wu Kingdom and those from the Yue Kingdom did not like each other. But when paddling across the river during a storm, they would cooperate as the right hand does with the left.
From this story came a Chinese idiom:
‘Those sailing across the river in one boat should help each other.
In a multipolar world our society has become a global village. The driving forces of new technologies have shaped that globalisation.
In this globalised world collaboration is the only solution to shared challenges. Global challenges are with us daily, such as:
? Terrorism.
? WMD proliferation.
? Natural disasters.
? Climate change.
? Public health.
? Financial risks.
? Energy and resource scarcity.
? Food and water safety.
All these are challenges on a global scale and threaten all of us.
China and Europe are today interlinked and interdependent and have a shared destiny.
China and Europe must show solidarity and work together to achieve sustainable and inclusive development.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
China’s diplomacy and thinking on defence have deep roots in Chinese history. I have described how the ancient principles are highly relevant to the challenges of our time. China strengthens its approach by also absorbing the best ideas from other countries.
The Art of War certainly cannot capture all facets of China’s conduct of diplomacy and defence policy. But it’s my belief that this book provides a good beginning to understand Chinese thinking and culture.
I hope you will be inspired to study China more with the support of The Art of War. I believe if you follow this path you will grasp the value of China’s choice of peaceful development. This is also the road to dispel unfounded misgivings and add momentum for dialogue and cooperation.
As future military leaders from
this prestigious college you have high responsibilities. As China rises, you will find my country more relevant within those responsibilities. So, I hope my thoughts today will inspire you to study China deeply.
In this way you can maximise the prospect of building a peaceful and harmonious world.
That is surely a shared goal of mutual interest for all our people.
Thank you!
英汉：
>Princeton: river in autumn
普林斯顿:秋天里的河流
It’s now the autumn in New Jersey. I walked into the Nassau Hall this afternoon. Sunshine fell upon the old benches. It reminded me of the movie scene in which the aged John Nash was given pens. The wisdom here is like a serene river, flowing in colors of grey, green and orange. I’m writing with the pen you gave to me. (Princeton, 2007)
现在正是新泽西的秋天。今天下午，我去了拿莎堂。阳光斜照在古老的长椅上，让我想起了电影中年迈的约翰·纳什被人送上钢笔的一幕。这里的智慧像是一条平静沉缓的河流，映出斑驳的灰色、绿色和橙色。我正用你送我的笔写这张明信片。(普林斯顿，2007)
[校园导览]
Gray stone buildings at Princeton are pure Collegiate Gothic splendor. But the 500-acre campus’s beauty extends beyond their doors. Courtyards, idyllic greens, and crisscrossing footpaths dot the campus. The handsome ivy-covered Nassau Hall built in 1754 is the oldest building on campus.
普林斯顿大学的灰色石造建筑是纯正学院哥特风格的杰出代表，但500英亩校园的美景却不止于这些建筑，还有庭院、田园式绿地以及纵横的小径加以点缀。校园中历史最悠久的建筑是建于1754年的拿莎堂，它俊挺秀美，周身为长青藤所覆盖。
>Virginia: freedom in breeze
弗吉尼亚:风中竞逐自由
“Liberty is the great parent of science and virtue.” I’m at the foot of Thomas Jefferson’s statue. Everything here has a Jeffersonian flavor, including the white flowers in front of the Rotunda. The summer breeze is free in the school founded by the man who drafted the Declaration of Independence. (Charlottesville, 2011)
“自由是科学和美德的伟大源泉。”我此时就在托马斯·杰斐逊的雕像脚下。这里的一切都有杰斐逊的味道，就连圆形殿前白色的花朵也是一样。他是《独立宣言》的起草者，也被尊为弗吉尼亚大学之父。此刻，迎面而来的夏日微风也无拘无束。(夏洛茨威尔，2011)
[校园导览]
Thomas Jefferson said his proudest achievement was creating the campus of the University of Virginia in 1819. Jefferson believed that real learning could only happen in an “academical village” setting, and toward that end, he designed the campus around an imposing rotunda with a lawn at its feet and 10 neo-classical pavilions (classrooms) lining the green.
托马斯·杰斐逊曾经说过，他最自豪的成就便是在1819年创建了弗吉尼亚大学。
杰斐逊认为，真正的求知只可能发生在”学术村落”之中。为了实现这一想法，他把壮观的圆形殿放在中间，再衬以青葱的草坪。绿地两旁排开10栋新古典风的轩榭，作为先生们诲人不倦的场所。
>Cornell: apples of wisdom
康奈尔:苹果树下的智者
The first week: I jumped into a pool in the local Fall Creek Gorge. It’s how the school welcomes freshmen. The 2nd week: I visited the plantations. Hu Shih once had a hard time dealing with Cornell’s apples, and left for studies in humanities. But I believe I am at a school where any person can find instruction in any study. (Ithaca, 2011)
入学第一周：我纵身跳进落溪谷中的深潭，这是康奈尔迎接新生的仪式。第2周：我去看了学校的种植园。据说，胡适曾在这里被苹果难倒，转而学文。不过我相信，这是任何人都能找到智者授业的地方。(伊萨卡，2011)
[校园导览]
The small town of Ithaca is the site of Cornell. The quaint New York town overlooks the picturesque Cayuga Lake. The campus has access to Fall Creek Gorge and Cascadilla Gorge, both of which provide spots for hiking and swimming. The university also owns a 2,800-acre botanical garden, Cornell Plantations.
名为伊萨卡的纽约小镇是康奈尔的所在之处。小镇古色古香，学校傍卡尤加湖而建，自有一派旖旎的风光。学校与当地的落溪峡谷和喀斯卡迪拉峡谷相连，两处都是远足、游泳的绝佳地点。另外，康奈尔还拥有2800英亩以学校名字命名的植物园。
>Yale: tower for truth-seekers
耶鲁:攀登真理的梦之塔
I’m writing to you in a Yale library. The enormous books here are a tower restoring the truth. Many have climbed to reach the sky. They are the presidents walking out of Yale’s gates. Some are pilgrims from other lands. I’m one of those in this tower chasing a dream. (New Haven, 2010)
我在耶鲁的图书馆里写下这张明信片。这里数不清的藏书堆积成存真去伪的宝塔。登塔的人很多，有的到达了手可摘星的高处，他们就是从耶鲁走出来的总统们。这里还有不少远方来朝圣的信徒，而我是塔中追梦人中的一个。(纽黑文，2010)
[校园导览]
Yale’s collection spans from the Georgian-style red-brick Connecticut Hall to the Postmodernist Ingalls Rink, also called “The Whale”. The campus has a decidedly Middle Ages feel to it. Inside are Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, a 6-story glass-enclosed tower set against translucent grained Vermont marble panels.
耶鲁校园散发出一股不容质疑的中世纪气息。校内建筑的样式兼容并包，既有红砖砌成的康涅狄格礼堂，彰显传统的乔治亚风格，也有被称作”鲸鱼”的英格斯冰场，代表后现代的潮流。贝尼克珍本与手稿图书馆内拥有一座玻璃嵌成的藏书塔，足有6层楼高，与穹顶半透明的佛蒙特流
纹大理石板相接，蔚为奇观。
>Wellesley College: Lake Waban
卫斯理:一片冰心在玉湖
“Turn around the green slope in the morning ray. Through the dense woods, breeze is down from the lake, on which ripples are not the drowsily charming ones of last night. I sit aside the lake and roll out a piece of paper. With a pen in my hand, I raise my head, surrounded by red leaves and sounds from the water. I’m writing to my little friends whom, I haven’t seen for long.” Sitting aside the Lake Waban, I am preoccupied with Bing Xin’s words. (Wellesley, 2009)
“朝阳下转过一碧无际的草坡，穿过深林，已觉得湖上风来，湖波不是昨夜欲睡如醉的样子了。——悄然的坐在湖岸上，伸开纸，拿起笔，抬起头来，四围红叶中，四面水声里，我要开始写作给我久违的小朋友。”坐在蔚冰湖边，冰心的文字占满了我的世界。(卫斯理，2009)
[校园导览]
This serene liberal arts college for women, on the edge of Lake Waban near Boston, is considered the crowning jewel of the prestigious “Seven Sisters” campuses. Wooded areas surround Lake Waban and open meadows contained within the limits of campus. Paramecium Pond, edging a rich, botanical garden through which travels a stream fed by a nearby waterfall.
波士顿近郊，蔚冰湖边上，有一所祥和的女子文理学院。它的名字叫做卫斯理学院，是声名远扬的”七姐妹”女校中那颗最夺目的明珠。枝繁叶茂的林木环抱着蔚冰湖，开阔的青草地在校园内延伸，繁花似锦的植物园紧靠在一亩方塘边上，其间小溪淙淙，隐约还能听见不远处落瀑的声响。
>Oxford: elegant, proud minds
牛津:幽雅自豪的思想园
Years ago, I read the novel “Fortress Besieged” and remembered the author’s name. It’s hard to imagine today I sit in a reading room where Qian Zhongshu and his wife studied decades ago. It’s through the golden archways that I could vaguely see a tutor discussing with his student. At Oxford, every mind is a proud mind. (Oxford, 2010)
多年前，我读《围城》，记住了作者的名字。真难想象，今天，我竟然就坐在钱锺书和妻子几十年前曾经苦读的阅览室之中。穿过窗外的金色拱门廊，我隐约能看见一名导师正在和自己的学生探讨学术。在牛津，所有思想都有一分傲气。(牛津，2010)
[校园导览]
Teaching within Oxford’s stone walls dates as far back as the 11th century. With its labyrinth of quads, cloisters, and archways, it evokes elegance and tradition at every turn. The famous Radcliffe Camera, built in 1737 as a Science Building, and now a hushed reading room for students, is “the most covetable university building in the world.”
牛津的石墙之内，教学相长源远流长，最早可追溯至11世纪。穿梭在迷宫般的方院、回廊和拱门之间，每过一处转角，典雅和传统都尽在不言
中。建于1737年的拉德克里夫图书馆原用作科技大楼，但现在已变成肃静的阅览室。这里，就是最让全世界学子心仪的大学学堂。
>Stanford: unbending innovation
斯坦福:不屈的创造之源
Following Larry Page, I am here today – Stanford University. I take a walk in the campus. Red, blue, yellow, green – the colors of Google. You can sense an unyielding spirit here. Two earthquakes have not torn the campus down. Watching the San Francisco Bay, I wish you a good day, my friend. (Palo Alto, 2011)
跟随拉里·佩奇的脚步，今天终于到了这个地方——斯坦福。我在校园内转了一圈。红、黄、蓝、绿，正好是谷歌的颜色。这里能感觉到一种绝不言败的精神，两次地震也没有将学校夷为平地。远望旧金山湾，亲爱的朋友，我祝你一天顺利。(帕洛阿尔托，2011)
[校园导览]
Stanford’s 8,180-acre campus features stunning views of the San Francisco Bay. The entryway to the campus is arguably the grandest of any college campus: a mile-long, tree-lined Palm Drive, which leads up to the expansive green Oval, red-clay-roof-tiled Main Quad, and the campus’s crown architectural jewel, Memorial Church, with its striking mosaic facade.
走进斯坦福大学，首先是一条气势宏伟的大道，其它任何校园都难与之媲美。这条进校的主路长达一英里，两旁立有棕榈树护卫，径直穿过椭圆草坪广场，再经过泥墙、红瓦顶的大方院，最终来到斯坦福建筑群中的圣殿——纪念教堂。它马赛克装饰的面墙堪称一绝。斯坦福8180英亩的校园，在旧金山湾恢宏的景色映衬下，总叫人心旷神怡。
>UCSC: face the grand blue
圣克鲁兹:做个幸福的人
I own an acre of grassland, facing the grand blue. Flowers blossom in the warm spring. I think I can be a happy man, feeding horses, chopping wood, seeing the world. The ocean is the home to which my soul bounds. On this postcard, I tell you all my happiness. (Santa Cruz, 2012)
我有一片绿色的青草地，面朝大海，春暖花开。我想我可以做一个幸福的人，喂马，劈柴，周游世界。海是灵魂安稳的归处。一张明信片，告诉你我所有的幸福。 (圣克鲁兹，2012)
[校园导览]
Housed on a former ranch perched above the Pacific, the University of California at Santa Cruz (UCSC) campus offers open meadows, redwood forests and panoramic ocean views. The California campus’ buildings and circulation networks are carefully designed and tucked into the natural landscape.
加州大学圣克鲁兹分校，原本是栖于太平洋岸边高地上的一片广袤牧场。在那里有连片的草地、红杉林，还能尽收海天一色的美景。这座加州校园内，建筑和道路网络在设计上都别出心裁，竞相隐没入周遭的自然地貌之中，浑然一体。
2009年5月三级笔译真题(英译汉)
韩老师参考译文：
La
st Friday an advisory panel to the European Environment Agency issued an extraordinary scientific opinion: The European Union should suspend its goal of having 10 percent of transportation fuel made from biofuel by 2020.
欧盟此前制定了一个有关生物燃料发展的目标，到2020年生物燃料在交通运输燃料供应中所占比例必须达到10%，但上周五欧洲环境署顾问小组做出了一个重大科学决定，呼吁欧盟暂停执行该政策。
The European Union's biofuel targets were increased and extended from 5.75 percent by 2010 to 10 percent by 2020 just last year. Still, Europe's well-meaning rush to biofuels, the scientists concluded, had produced a slew of harmful ripple effects - from deforestation in Southeast Asia to higher prices for grains.
欧盟在去年才刚制定该目标，要求将生物燃料占比从2010年的5.75%提高至2020年的10%。不过，顾问小组的科学家们得出的结论是：欧洲倡导大力发展生物燃料初衷是好的，但是现已造成了东南亚森林砍伐、粮食价格攀升等各种负面连锁反应。
In a recommendation released last weekend, the 20-member panel, made up of some of Europe's most distinguished climate scientists, called the 10 percent target "overambitious" and an "experiment" whose "unintended effects are difficult to predict and difficult to control."
该顾问小组由包括欧洲顶尖气候学家在内的20名成员组成。上周末该顾问小组发布了一项建议，称10%的占比目标“过高”，这种“实验”产生的其它影响难以预测和控制。
"The idea was that we felt we needed to slow down, to analyze the issue carefully and then come back at the problem," Laszlo Somlyody, the panel's chairman and a professor at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, said in a telephone interview.
在接受电话采访时，布达佩斯技术与经济大学教授、该顾问小组组长拉兹洛﹒索姆里奥迪（Laszlo Somlyody）说，“我们认为必须放缓生态燃料发展步伐，认真分析后再重新确定目标。”
He said that part of the problem was that when it set the targets, the European Union was trying desperately to solve the problem of rising transportation emissions "in isolation," without adequately studying the effects of other sectors like land use and food supply.
他说，当欧盟制定相关目标时，没有就发展生态燃料对土地利用和粮食供应等其他相关领域造成的影响进行充分调研，片面、孤立地制定了交通运输领域的减排政策和目标。
"The starting point was correct: I'm happy that the European Union took the lead in cutting greenhouse gasses and we need to control traffic emissions," Somlyody said. "But the basic problem is it thought of transport alone, without considering all these other effects. And we don't understand those very well yet."
“出发点是对的：欧盟带头减排令人欣慰，我们也
确实需要控制交通运输领域的排放，” 索姆里奥迪说，“但是问题在于，欧盟只想到了交通运输领域，没有考虑到其他领域因此受到的影响，而且目前我们对这些影响也并十分了解。”
The panel's advice is not binding and it is not clear whether the European Commission will follow the recommendation.
该顾问小组提出的上述建议并不具约束力，目前也尚不清楚欧洲委员会是否会赞同该建议。
It has become increasingly clear that the global pursuit of biofuels - encouraged by a rash of targets and subsides in both Europe and the United States - has not produced the desired effect.
此前，欧洲和美国都纷纷设立生物燃料发展目标并给予大力补贴，由此在全球掀起了生物燃料热，但是，现在有越来越多的证据表明，这股浪潮并没有产生预期效果。
Investigations have shown, for example, rain forests and peat swamp are being cleared to make way for biofuel plantations, a process that produces more emissions than the biofuels can save. Equally concerning, land needed to produce food for people to eat is planted with more profitable biofuel crops, and water is diverted from the drinking supply.
比如，多项调查表明，现在人们为了种植生物燃料作物，不惜砍伐森林，占用泥潭沼泽，由此产生的温室气体排放量甚至超过了使用生物燃料所减少的排放量，得不偿失。同样引人担忧的是，为了种植更为有利可图的生物燃料作物，基本粮田和饮用水均遭占用。
In Europe and the United States, food prices for items like pizza and bread have increased significantly as grain stores shrink and wheat prices rise.
在欧洲和美国，粮食储备不断减少、小麦价格逐渐攀升，披萨和面包等食品的价格都出现了较大涨幅。
The price of wheat and rice are double those of a year ago, and corn is a third higher, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization said this week.
本周，联合国粮农组织称，小麦和大米的价格均同比翻番，玉米价格也出现了三分之一的涨幅。
"Food price inflation hits the poor hardest, as the share of food in their total expenditures is much higher than that of wealthier populations," said Henri Josserand of the Food and Agriculture Organization.
粮农组织的亨利﹒约瑟兰德说，“穷人的食品支出在总支出中的占比远高于富人，所以粮食价格上涨对他们的影响最大。”
For example, the European Environment Agency advisory panel suggests that the best use of plant biomass is not for transport fuel but to heat homes and generate electricity.
欧洲环境署顾问小组建议，对植物生物量的最佳利用不是生产燃料，而是用于家庭取暖和发电。
To be useful for vehicles, plant matter must be distilled to a fuel and often transported long distances. To heat a home, it can often be used raw or with minimal
processing, and moved just a short distance away.
要生产车用生物燃料，植物生物量必须经过蒸馏，且制成燃料后还需要长途运输送达目的地。而如果换做家用的话，植物生物量往往可以直接利用或者经过简单加工即可利用，而且仅需短途运输。
网络译文：
上周五，欧洲环保署的顾问组提出了一个不同寻常科学观点：欧盟要推迟这样一个目标：到2020年，欧盟要将让10%的交通运输来源于生物燃料。
欧盟在去年，将这一使用生物燃料的目标从2010年的5.75%扩大到2020年的10%。欧洲快速扩大生物能源的使用，本意是好的，但是，科学家们却认为，这样做已经产生了许多有害的连锁效应，比如乱伐东南亚的森林，及谷物价格上涨越来越快。
上周末，由二十名著名的欧洲气候专家所组成的小组提出建议，他们认为，10%的目标未免‘过于自信’了，并且这种‘试验所造成的后果将难以预知、难以控制’。
顾问小组组长布达佩斯技术与经济大学教授，拉兹洛.索姆利德在接收电话采访时说：“我们认为，要放缓达成这个目标的速度，仔细分析，然后再来谈这个问题。”
他认为，其中一个问题是，欧盟设定这一目标时，正一心要解决汽车尾气排放量上升的问题，但是，这是孤立的行为，因为缺少研究对于其他诸如土地使用和食物供应的因素所造成的影响。
“欧盟的出发点是好的，他们能带头削减温室气体，我很高兴，并且我们也需要解决汽车尾气排放的问题。”索姆利德说：“但是，根本问题是他们只考虑到了交通方面的问题，而没有全面考虑对其他方面的影响，并且，我们还未能很好的了解这些影响。”
专家组的建议没有任何约束力，并且，我们也不清楚欧盟是否会听取他们的意见。
有一点越来越清楚，全世界都在推广生物能源，这是由于受到一系列欧美的目标和支持的影响，但是，这样做并未受到预期的效果。
例如，有调查显示，人们砍伐雨林和侵占湿地来获取制造生物燃料的植物，这一过程所排放的污染物，比生物燃料能够控制的污染还多。
与此同时，原本给人们提供食物的土地，也种上了生物燃料作物来获得更大的利润，并且饮用水也给挪作他用了。
在欧洲和美国，粮食由于储量减少、小麦价格上涨，所以，象披萨、面包这样的食品价格也大幅上涨。
世界粮农组织本周公布：与去年相比，小麦、水稻价格上涨一倍，玉米上涨三分之一。
世界粮农组织的赫利.朱瑟兰德说：“粮食价格的浮动对贫穷人们打击巨大，贫困人口在食品上的消费占他们总消费的比重，要比富人的这一消费比重大
的多。”
当然，生物燃料并不是造成食品价格过高的唯一原因，还有，运输食品所用燃料也大幅上涨，以及今年还发生了旱灾，这是无法预料的。
欧洲环保署专家组认为，最利于人们使用生物燃料的方法并不是将其用作交通运输燃料，而是用在家庭采暖中或者用于发电。
生物燃料如果用在汽车上，植物就必须将进行蒸馏才能得到燃料，并且远距离运输。生物燃料如果用在采暖上，通常只要有原料就可以使用了，或者通过简单的加工就可以得到燃料，而且也无需远距离运输。
2009年11月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题
英译汉
韩老师参考译文：
Plans are well under way for a year of celebrations to mark the upcoming bicentennial of one of Poland's favorite native sons-Frédéric, Chopin.
为庆祝波兰之子弗雷德里克·肖邦诞辰两百周年，波兰将举行为期一年的纪念活动，目前有关准备活动正在紧锣密鼓地进行。
The prestigious International Chopin Competition for pianists will mark its 16th edition in October 2010. Held every five years, the competition draws scores of young musicians from all over the world. In addition, Warsaw's Chopin Museum, with the world's largest collection of Chopin documents and other artifacts, will undergo a total redesign, modernization and expansion.
2010年10月将举行第十六届肖邦国际钢琴比赛。这一著名音乐赛事每五年举行一届，每届比赛都会吸引来自世界各地的数十位年轻有为的钢琴家同场竞技。同时，华沙肖邦博物馆也将进行重新设计、升级和扩建。该博物馆收藏的有关肖邦的资料和藏品是世界上最多的。
A lavishly illustrated new guidebook called "Chopin's Poland" was already published this year. It leads visitors to dozens of sites in Warsaw and elsewhere around the country where the composer lived, ate, studied, performed, visited or even partied.
今年早些时候发行的最新旅游手册名为“肖邦的波兰”，配有大量精美的插图，游客可以按图索骥，踏着肖邦的足迹，一一拜访这位伟大的作曲家生前生活、学习、演出和参观过的地方，去过的餐馆，甚至是参加过派对的地方。这些景点多达几十处，遍布华沙和波兰各地。
"Actually, Chopin doesn't need to be promoted, but we hope that Poland and Polish culture can be promoted through Chopin," said Monika Strugala, who is coordinating the Chopin 2010 program under the aegis of the Fryderyk Chopin Institute, a body set up by the Sejm in 2001 to promote and protect Chopin's work and image.
2010肖邦国际钢琴比赛的主办方是弗里德里克肖邦协会。该协会由波兰众议院于2001年成立，致力于肖邦作品和形象的宣传与保护。负责比赛组织协调工作的莫妮卡﹒斯图加拉（Monika Strugala）说，“事实上，肖邦
本人早已名声在外，不用宣传了，我们只是希望通过肖邦来宣传波兰和波兰文化。”
"We want to confirm to all that he is a very, very important Polish symbol," she said. Indeed, it's not much of an exaggeration to say that Chopin's music flows through the Polish national consciousness like some sort of cultural lifeblood.
斯图加拉说，“我们希望告知天下：肖邦是波兰十分重要的象征。”确实，肖邦的音乐流淌在波兰人的血液里，是波兰的民族文化之魂。
The son of a Polish mother and a French émigré father, Chopin was born in a manor house at Zelazowa Wola, about 50 kilometers, or 30 miles, west of Warsaw, and moved to Warsaw as an infant.
肖邦的妈妈是波兰人，父亲是法国移民。肖邦出生在华沙以西约50公里的热拉佐瓦﹒沃拉（Zelazowa Wola）庄园，年幼时随父母迁往华沙。
The manor is something of a Chopin shrine-since the 1930 s it has been a museum and center for concerts. Like the Chopin Museum in Warsaw, it, too, is undergoing extensive renovation as part of bicentennial preparations.
热拉佐瓦﹒沃拉庄园算是一个肖邦纪念馆。从二十世纪三十年代以来，这里就成了肖邦博物馆，举行过许多场肖邦音乐会。这个纪念馆与华沙的肖邦博物馆一样，为了迎接肖邦两百年诞辰的到来，也要进行大面积翻修。
Chopin spent his first 20 years in and around Warsaw. He was already a noted pianist as a boy and composed concertos and other important works as a teenager. He carried Polish soil with him when he left Warsaw on a concert tour in 1830, just a few weeks before the outbreak of the November Uprising, an abortive Polish revolt against Czarist Russia, which then ruled Warsaw and a broad swath of Polish territory.
肖邦二十岁前一直住在华沙及周边地区。肖邦从小就显露出过人天赋，钢琴演奏小有名气，不到二十岁就创作了协奏曲和其他重要的音乐作品。1830年，波兰爆发了反对俄国统治的十一月革命，但以失败告终，俄国之后控制了华沙及波兰的大片领土。就在革命爆发几周前，肖邦离开华沙，踏上了国外巡演之路。临行前，他特意随身携带了一抔祖国的泥土。
Chopin remained in exile in France after the uprising was crushed. But so attached was he to his native land that after his death in Paris in 1849 his heart-on his own instructions-was brought back to Warsaw for interment. The rest of his body is buried in the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris.
在波兰起义被镇压后，肖邦一直流亡法国。但是，肖邦依旧深深眷恋着自己的祖国。1849年肖邦在巴黎去世后，按照遗愿，他的心脏被带回华沙安葬，遗体的其他部分则葬在巴黎的拉雪兹公墓。
"For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also,"reads the Biblical inscription on a plaque where his heart is kept today, preserved
in an urn and concealed in a pillar of the Holy Cross Church in central Warsaw. Mozart's"Requiem" will be performed here as part of Bicentennial events.
肖邦的心脏保存在一个匣子里，安放在华沙中部圣十字大教堂的一根立柱里。在安放处的一块匾上写有一句圣经铭文，“哪里是你最珍爱的地方，哪里就是你心的归属。”在二百周年诞辰纪念期间这里还将演奏莫扎特的《安魂曲》。
Exile and patriotism, as well as extraordinary genius, have long made Chopin's appeal transcend all manner of social and political divides.
作为一名才华横溢的音乐家，肖邦常年颠沛流离、客居他乡却又对祖国怀有一颗赤子之心，人们对他的敬仰之情早已超越了社会、政治的藩篱。
Polish folk motifs thread through some of his finest pieces, and patriotic fervor, as well as homesick longing, infuse some of his best-known works.
肖邦的许多名曲佳作中都闪耀着波兰的民族情怀，浸润着他的悠悠思乡情、拳拳爱国心。
网络译文1：
弗雷德里克·肖邦是波兰人最喜欢的本国人，其诞辰二百周年纪念即将到来，为期一年的庆祝活动正在有序的筹备中。 享有国声誉的肖邦国际钢琴比赛在2010年十月将是第十六届。这个比赛每五年举办一次。对来自全世界的年轻音乐家进行评判。另外，华沙的肖邦博物馆是世界上最大的收集肖邦文献和其他工艺品的博物馆，这个博物馆将进行一次全面的改造，使其更现代化，规模更大。一本新的带有丰富图片的指导手册被命名为“肖邦的波兰”，已于今年出版。这本书可以带领游客参观华沙很多地方，和这个国家其他一些地方，那些曾是肖邦生活起居，学习，演奏，参观或者举行聚会的地方。 “实际上，肖邦不需要推广，但是我们希望透过肖邦能将波兰和波兰文化进行推广。”莫妮卡·舒格拉说。她现在正与佛雷德里克·肖邦协会主办的2010年肖邦项目进行合作。这个机构是在2001年由议会设立，旨在推广和保护肖邦的作品及图像。 她说“我们想要向所有人证明他是波兰非常非常重要的标志。”事实上，肖邦的音乐就像文化命脉一样流淌在波兰国家的的意识里，即使这样夸大的地说都不为过。 肖邦的母亲是波兰人，父亲是法国流放者。他出生在华沙以西50公里，30英里的热拉佐瓦-沃拉的一座庄园里。肖邦到华沙的时候，还是个婴儿。 这座庄园从20世纪30年代起就成为肖邦纪念堂，它是博物馆并是音乐会集中的地方。像肖邦华沙博物馆一样，作为200周年纪念活动的一部分，这座纪念堂也在进行着扩建性的翻修。 肖邦的前二十年是在华沙及其周围度过的。还是个孩子的时候，他已经是个有名的钢琴家，青年时期，创作了协作曲和其他
重要的作品。1830年，肖邦带着波兰人的灵魂离开华沙进行一次巡回演出。这时是十一月起义前的几个星期。这次起义是波兰人反抗沙俄的一次失败的起义，随后，沙俄统治了华沙，以及更大范围的波兰领土。 起义被镇压后，肖邦继续在法国流放。但是他和他的国家都受到了打击，1849年他在法国逝世后，按照他的遗嘱，他的心脏被带回波兰埋葬。而其他部分被埋于法国皮尔拉雷兹墓地。“有所真爱的地方，就是心所在的地方”在一块纪念牌上写着圣经的句子。这块纪念牌立在现在保存肖邦心脏的地方。即华沙中部的圣十字教堂，保存他心脏的骨灰盒存于一根支柱里。 流放，爱国以及杰出的才华，这些都足以使肖邦的感染力超越了社会，政治行为的分界线。他很多优秀的作品中都可以找到波兰的民族特点。同时其广为人知的作品中都贯穿着爱国热情和思乡情绪。
网络译文2：
The Polish Sejm, or Parliament, has declared 2010 the Year of Fryderyk Chopin, and special concerts, recitals, conferences and other events will honor the great Romantic composer, who was born near Warsaw in 1810.
波兰议会宣布确定2010年为"费雷德里克·肖邦年"，并将举办一些列专场管弦乐音乐会、独奏音乐会、纪念会议和其他活动，以纪念这位1810年出生于华沙的伟大的浪漫主义作曲家。
The prestigious International Chopin Competition for pianists will mark its 16th edition in October 2010. Held every five years, the competition draws scores of young musicians from all over the world. In addition, Warsaw's Chopin Museum, with the world's largest collection of Chopin documents and other artifacts, will undergo a total redesign, modernization and expansion.
2010年10月，久负盛名的“肖邦国际钢琴家大赛”将迎来第十六届比赛。大赛每五年举办一次，吸引着全球各地众多的年轻音乐家参赛。此外，华沙的肖邦博物馆将会全部从新设计，进行现代化装修和扩建。肖邦博物馆收藏有全世界数量最多的文件和其生前用过的物品。
A lavishly illustrated new guidebook called "Chopin's Poland" was already published this year. It leads visitors to dozens of sites in Warsaw and elsewhere around the country where the composer lived, ate, studied, performed, visited or even partied.
一本带有丰富插图的名为《肖邦的波兰》的旅游手册已于今年出版，它向读者介绍了华沙及周边多家的一些旅游目的地，这些景点都是肖邦曾经居住、用餐、学习、表演甚至是聚会的场所。
"Actually, Chopin doesn't need to be promoted, but we hope that Poland and Polish culture can be promoted through Chopin," said Monika Strugala, who is coordinating the Chopin 2010 program under the aegis of the Fryderyk Chopin Institute, a body set up by the Sejm in 2001 t