江苏省南京市金陵中学、海安高级中学、南京外国语学校2018届高三第四次模拟考试英语试题+Word版含答案

第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Why is Aim so upset?

A. She failed one of her exams.

B. She is worrying about other lessons.

C. She has no time to do her math homework.

2. What happened to the woman?

A. She woke up late.

B. She got to work late.

C. She went to sleep late.

3. What is the woman doing now?

A. Baking cookies.

B. Making a list.

C. Shopping for groceries.

4. How does the woman feel about the zoo?

A. Sad.

B. Impressed.

C. Disappointed.

5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?

A. The man’s career.

B. The man’s travel plan.

C. The man’s plan after graduating.

第二节

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. When will the man start his new job?

A. Tomorrow.

B. Next week.

C. Next month.

7. Why is the man paying for the woman’s lunch?

A. She helped him a lot.

B. It is his turn to pay.

C. He wants to congratulate her.

听第7段材料^回答第8至10题。

8. What is Anna’s c hemistry grade now?

A. B. B. B+. C. D.

9. When does An na’s study group meet?

A. After school.

B. On fee weekends.

C. Dining lunch hour.

10. Who is Anna speaking to? ‘

A. A study group member.

B. Her teacher.

C. Her father.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13

11. How old was Jonathan’s mother when she started doing laundry?

A. 8 years old.

B. 10 years old.

C. 16 years old.

12. Which temperature will Jonathan use for now?

A. Hot.

B. Cold.

C. Warm.

13. What is the “light” spin cycle used for?

A. Jeans and towels.

B. Most of Jonathan’s clothes.

C. Sheets and pillow cases.

听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。

14. Which decorations are on the sofa?

A. The Christmas ones.

B. The Halloween ones.

C. The Thanksgiving ones.

15. What did the man use to get the box out?

A. A pole.

B. A chair.

C. A ladder.

16. Where might the conversation take place?

A. In the basement.

B. In the bedroom.

C. In the living room.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17. What does the Golden Rule ask people to do?

A. Develop personal rules.

B. Respect their families and ancestors.

C. Treat others as they wish to be treated.

18. Which is a teaching of Confucius?

A. Governments should be moral.

B. Husbands should respect wives.

C. People should memorize rules of behavior.

19. How did Confucius teach lessons?

A. Through arguments.

B. Through reasoning.

C. Through personal examples.

20. What does the speaker say about Confuci us’ influence?

A. He used to be even more important.

B. He has influenced many cultures.

C. He has little effect on people today.

第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）

第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

21. It Is usually challenging for rescuers to be sent to where fresh water and medicines are after awful natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis.

A. handy

B. scarce

C. bitter

D. ample

22. It is hard to believe that the heartbroken couple separated in World War Ⅱcould meet again on the same day that they their fifth wedding anniversary.

A. should celebrate

B. must have celebrated

C. was celebrating

D. would have celebrated

23.－There seems to be no hope of ever getting the money back from Harry. I think you have to his debt.

－Given his great loss in the crisis, I am afraid there is no better way.

A. let off

B. write off

C. work off

D. mark off

24. Washington obviously had multiple purposes in choosing to announce a ban on US companies’ exporting to ZTE, _______ containing China’s rise as a5G power was more than unfair,

A. among which

B. for which

C. to which

D. in which

25. at poverty, the measures like highlighting rural tourism have been taken to improve residents’ incomes, better jobs and new farm produce for many once-poor farmers.

A. Targeted; having brought

B. Targeting; bringing

C. Targeted; bringing

D. Targeting, to bring

26.－I was so excited to watch the soccer game last night.

－I know both teams were really good. I think it was .

A. an open book

B. a no-brainer

C. a nail biter

D. a fifth wheel

27.－I know the furniture is expensive but it will last for years.

－I hope so too.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. should

28. －Why do the researchers sometimes have to climb so high? It’s dangerous!

－As far as I know, on the top of the mountain is a certain wild plant said to have some medical value.

A. grown

B. growing

C. being grown

D. having grown

29. He is we call Little Einstein, for he can explain such difficult scientific terms most of us haven’t even heard o f.

A. who; that

B. whom; which

C. what; as

D. which; that

30. －What a surprise! I you still away on holiday.

－But it only a fortnight before our new voluntary project begins.

A. think; is

B. thought; will be

C. had thought; was

D. thought; is

31. Only two are open to them－either they accept our offer or they give up the fight completely.

A. avenues

B. criteria

C. scales

D. versions

32. －Did you hear about the company’s second quarter loss?

－Almost everyone knows it Rumor has It that the company will lay off 25,000 employees .

A. under its umbrella

B. in its wake

C. beyond Its means

D. to its knowledge

33. －A student Is said to have got a suspension from school for cheating in the exam.

－honesty is concerned, no compromise is acceptable.

A. When

B. Where

C. What

D. Once

34. －Is the poor man any better now?

－Don’t w orry! The doctor will follow up his operation for occurrence of severe symptoms, .

A. if necessary

B. if so

C. if ever

D. If any

35. －I believe Mike when he said what the employees of the company lacked

was a sense of belonging,

－Absolutely, It’s no wonder that so many of them resigned in such a short time.

A. struck home

B. Mew smoke

C. stay put

D.

broke even

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答

题卡上将该项涂黑。

Leafing through your family’s antique media makes cl icking through social media

a feast of empty calories (36) we should throw our computers and phones away,

then open every box in every attic and read whatever (37) such as what I recently

found — diaries written by my grandmother when she was 16.

I (38) the diaries would be dark and old-fashioned, but my teenage grandmother had much fun and her genius was so well presented in labeling boys she

cared for that I can (39) keep up with her crushes, wondering who the mysterious

‘Sunshine’ was, the sweetest young man in my grandmother’s eyes.

Arguments with adults are only referred to but never described in (40) .

She doesn’t resist her moth er’s strict (41) , even wh en she gets a “lovely (42) “ for finis hing someone else’s ice cream. (43) , I recorded every (44) I suffered in my teenage diary. This, however, further (45) bitterness. I think my teenage grandmother’s superior (46) was due to her being

16 before the inven tion of ‘c ool’ as a symbol of (47) , or for that matter,

‘teenager’ as an identity.

I have not (48) reading the diaries and I do not want to, But my favorite passage so far was the one (49) on a Monday evening in late summer in 1911.

She was sitting on the porch with friends when a neighbor started playing an (50) tune. The girls ‘flew’ across t he street to listen, and when the neighbor started

up with ‘Put Your Arms (51) Me, Honey’, something (52) happened: ‘We couldn’t help danci ng (53) on the street and felt so sweet arid nice’ And then, just when my teenage grandmother thought things couldn’t get any (54) , Harvey walked by, like a ray of (55) .

36. A. because B. so C. yet D. while

37. A. falls out B. pulls out C. holds out

D. drops out

38. A. concluded B. assumed C. doubted D.

bet

39. A. closely B. precisely C. barely

D. readily

40. A. detail B. vain C. defence

D. effect

41. A. treatment B. control C. planning

D. discipline

42. A. credit B. scream C. treat

D. scolding

43. A. In addition B. In general C. In contrast

D. In fact

44. A. injustice B. defeat C. disease D.

loss

45. A. responds to B. fends to C. leads to

D. corresponds to

46. A. habit B. personality C. effort

D. intelligence

47. A. slogan B. fight C. principle

D. virtue

48. A. finished B. regretted C. skipped

D. opposed

49. A. mentioned B. recorded C. remembered

D. celebrated

50. A. Irresistible B. antique C. original

D. odd

51. A. Over B. Behind C. Around D. On

52. A. abnormal B. imaginary C. mysterious

D. magical

53. A. right B. straight C. fast

D. hard

54. A. easier B. quicker C. crazier D. sweeter

55. A. sunshine B. heat C. hope

D. comfort

第三部分阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

MARIJUANA RESEARCH GETS SERIOUS

Eight states voted to legalize marijuana for medical or recreational use in 2016, putting the total number of states with some form of legal pot at 28. In states where it is legal, doctors already prescribe it for things like pain, depression, migraines and PTSD — but research has been limited by federal drag laws. A growing quorum of scientists is calling for legitimate research into marijuana’s potential as a form of medicine.

SUPERBUGS BECOME A SUPERTHREAT

In 2016, global, leaders promised to address the growing Issue of drug resistance ― meaning bacteria that can no longer be treated with antibiotics —during a historic meeting at the U.N. headquarters In New York City. Major progress is yet

to be seen, but companies like McDonald’s have vowed to phase out antibiotics in their chicken, and scientists are hunting for new drug compounds in places like caves and the oceans.

CRISPR TACKLES CANCER

CRISPR is the most hyped technology in medicine for good reason: it allows scientists to easily and inexpensively edit any place of DNA from nearly any species. Recently Chinese scientists have used CRISPR to treat a person with lung cancer. Meanwhile, U.S. scientists are working on the first human trials using CRISPR to treat cancer stateside－the first of what will surely be many studies like it. CLIMATE CHANGE AS PUBLIC- HEALTH THREAT

Climate change and pollution are contributing to the spread of infectious disease, less nutritious food, asthma and dangerous heat waves. In response, the U.S. and other nations have committed to reducing greenhouse-gas emissions by as much as 28% below 2005 levels by 2025. It remains to be seen if President-elect Donald Tramp will honor that commitment, but scientists say the issue is only growing more critical

56. Where is the passage probably taken from?

A. A magazine.

B. A self-help book.

C. A brochure.

D. A manual

57. From the passage we know that .

A. marijuana will surely be more widely prescribed by doctors for medical treatment in the U.S.

B. McDonald’s chicken treated with antibiotics has contributed to the spread of super bacteria.

C. Chinese arid U.S. scientists have made progress in using CRISPR technology to treat disease.

D. U.S. President will observe the commitment as climate change is threatening public health.

B

Early last year, the World Economic Forum issued a paper warning that technological change is on the verge of upending the global economy. To fill fee

sophisticated jobs of tomorrow, the authors argued, the ‘res killing and upskilling o f today’s wor ke rs will be critical’. Around the same time, the then president Barack Obama announced a ‘computer science for all’ programme for elementary and high schools in the United States. ‘We h ave to make sure all our kids are equipped for the jobs of the future, which means not just being able to work with computers but developing the analytical and coding skills to power our innovation economy,’ he said.

But the truth is, only a tiny percentage of people in the post-industrial world will ever end up working in software engineering, biotechnology or advanced manufacturing, Just as the huge machines of the industrial revolution made physical strength less necessary for humans, the information revolution frees us to complement, rather than compete with, the technical competence of computers. Many of the most important jobs of the future will require soft skills, not advanced algebra.

Back in 1983, the sociologist Arli e Russell Hochschild coined the term ‘emotional l abour’ to descri be the processes involved in managing the emotional demands of work. She explored the techniques that flight attendants used to maintain the friendly manners their airline demanded in the face of abusive customers: taking deep breaths, silently reminding themselves to stay cool, or building empathy for the nasty passenger. ‘I t r y to remember that if he’s drinking too much, he’s probably really seared f flying,’ one attendant explained. ‘I think to myself: “He’s like a little child.”’

Across the economy, technology is edging human workers into more emotional territory. In retail Amazon and its imitators are rapidly devouring the market for routine purchases^ birt to the extent that bricks-and-mortar shops survive. It is because some people prefer chatting with a clerk to clicking buttons,. Already, arguments for preserving rural post offices focus less on their services-handled mostly online-than on their value as centers for community social life.

In the sphere of medicine, one of the loudest moments of a physici an’s job is sitting with a patient, surveying how a diagnosis will alter the landscape of that patient’s life. That is work no technology can match-unlike surgery, where autonomous

robots are learning to perform with superhuman precision. With AI now being developed as a diagnostic tool, doctors have begun thinking about how to complement these automated skills. As a strategic report for Britain’s National Health Service (NHS) put it in 2013: ‘T he NHS could employ hundreds of thousands of staff with the right technological skills, but without the compassion to care, then we will have failed to meet the needs of patients.’

A growing real-world demand for workers with empathy and a talent for making other people feel at ease requires a serious shift in perspective. It means moving away from our singular focus on academic performance as the road to success. It means giving more respect, and better pay, to workers too often genetically dismissed as ‘unskilled labour’. And, it means valuing skills more often found among working-class women than highly educated men.

58. What can we know from the first two paragraphs?

A. President Obama launched a programme to develop people’s soft skills.

B. There is no need for people to continue developing technical skills.

C. Today’s workers have to update their skills to compete with machines.

D. Future jobs will require less physical strength but more soft skills.

59. The underlined word “empat h y” in Paragraph 3 probably mea ns the ability .

A. to understand others

B. to forgive others

C. to respect others

D. to appreciate others

60. According to the passage, which work of the following jobs doesn’t involve managing emotional demands?

A. Software engineers.

B. Flight attendants.

C. Shop clerks.

D. Medical workers.

61. What is the author’s attitude towards emotional skills?

A. Critical.

B. Unclear.

C. Favorable.

D. Negative.

C

Although it might have happened anywhere, my encounter with the green banana

started on a steep mountain road in the interior of Brazil. My ancient jeep was staining up through spectacular countryside

when the radiator（散热器）began to leak ten miles from the nearest mechanic. The over-heated engine forced me to stop at the next village, which consisted of a small store and scattering of houses, People gathered to look. Three fine streams of hot water spouted from holes in the jacket of the radiator. “That’s easy to fix,”

a man said. He sent a boy running for some green bananas. He patted me on the shoulder, assuring me everything would work out “Green bananas,” he smiled. Eve ryone agreed.

We exchanged pleasantries while I thought over the effects of the green banana. Asking questions would betray my ignorance, so I remarked on the beauty of the place. Huge rock format ions, like Sugar Loaf in Rio, rose up all around us. “Do you see that tall one right over there?” asked my benefactor, pointing to a particular tall, slender pinnacle of dark rock. “That rock marks the center of the world”

I looked to see if he was teasing me, but his face was serious. He in turn inspected me carefully to be sure I grasped the significance of his statement. The occasion demanded some show of recognition on my part. “The center of the world?”I repeated, trying to convey interest if not complete acceptan ce. He nodded. “The absolute center. Everyone around here knows it.”

At that moment the boy returned with my green banana. The man sliced one in half and pressed the cut end against the radiator jacket. The banana melted into a glue against the hot metal, plugging the leaks Instantly. Everyone laughed at my astonishment. They refilled my radiator and gave me extra bananas to take along. An hour later, after one more application of green banana, my radiator and I readied our destination. The local mechanic smiled, “Who taught you about the green banana?”

I named the village. “Did they show you the rock marking the center of the world?”he asked. I assured him they had. “My grandfather came from there,” he said. “The exact center. Everyone around here has always known about it.”

① As a product of American higher education, I had never paid the slightest attention to the green banana, except to regard it as a fruit whose time had not yet come. ② But as I reflected on it further, I realized that the green banana had been

there all along. ③ Its time reached back to the very origins of the banana. ④ The people in that village had known about it for years. My own time had come in relation to it. This chance encounter showed me the special genius of those people, and the special potential of the green banana. I had been wondering for some time about those episodes of clarity which educators like to call “learning moments,” and knew I had just experienced two of them at once.

The importance of the rock marking the center of the world took a while to filter through. I had initially doubted their claim, knowing for a fact that the center was located somewhere in New England. After all, my grandfather had come from there. But gradually I realized they had a valid belief, a universal concept, and I agreed with them. We tend to define the center as that special place where we are known, where we know others, where things mean much to us, and where we ourselves have both Identity and meaning; family, school, town, and local region.

The lesson which gradually filtered through was the simple concept that every place has special meanings for the people in it; every place represents the center of the world. The number of such centers

is incalculable, and no one student or traveler can experience all of them, but once a conscious breakthrough to a second center is made, a life-long perspective and collection can begin.

62. What is the best title for the passage?

A. A Car Accident

B. An Identity Issue

C. The Unforgettable Moment

D. The Green Banana

63. What can we infer from Paragraph 3?

A. The author was open-minded enough to respect their wisdom and beliefs.

B. The author was polite trying not to show disagreement with the helper.

C. It occurred to the author that the center of the world would be the tall slender rock.

D. The author came to realize that every place has special meanings for the people in it.

64. Where could the following “Suddenly on that mountain road? its time and my need

had met.” be be st added in Paragraph 5?

A. ①

B. ②

C. ③

D. ④

65. What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?

A. To inspire people to rethink and redefine the center of the world in their eyes.

B. To illustrate that ignorance can sometimes be a blessing In disguise.

C. To encourage people to discover something with special value and meaning.

D. To point out that traveling is a good way for people to search for their Identity.

D

They make some of the world’s best-loved products. Their logos are instantly recognizable. For investors, they promise steady returns in difficult times. They seem to be getting ever bigger: on June 30th Mondelez International made a $23 billion bid for Hershey to create the world’s biggest confectioner（甜食业）; and on July 7th Danone, the world’s largest yogurt maker, agreed to buy White Wave Foods, a natural-food group, for $12,5 billion. Yet trouble lurks（潜伏）for the giants in consumer packaged goods（CPG）, which also include firms such as General Mills, Nestle, Procter & Gamble and Unilever.

For a hint of the problem they face, take the example of Daniel Lubetzky, who began peddling his fruit-and-nut bars in health-food stores: his KIND bars are sow everywhere, stacked in airports and Walmarts. Or that of Michael Dubin and Mark Levine, entrepreneurs irked by expensive razors, who began shipping cheaper ones directly to consumers five years ago. Their Dollar Shave Club now controls 5% of America’s razor market.

From 2011 to 2015 large CPG companies lost nearly three percentage points of market share in America, according to a joint study by the Boston Consulting Group and IRI, a consultancy and data provider, respectively. In emerging markets local competitors are a growing headache for multinational giants. Nestle, the world’s bigge st food company, has missed its target of 5-6% sales growth for three years running.

For a time, size gave CPG companies an unbelievable advantage. Centralizing decisions and consolidating（合并）manufacturing helped firms expand profits. Deep pockets meant companies could spend millions on a fancy television advertisement,

then see sales rise. Firms distributed goods to a vast network of stores, paying for good placement on shelves.

Yet these advantages are not what they once were. Consolidating factories has made companies more vulnerable to the swing of a particular currency points out Nik Modi of RBC Capital Markets, a bank. The Impact of television adverts is fading, as consumers learn about products on social media and from online reviews. At the same time, barriers to entry are falling for small firms. They can outsource production and advertise online. Distribution is getting easier, too: a young brand may prove itself with online sales, then move Into Mg stores, Financing mlirors the same trend: last year Investors poured $3.3 billion into private CPG firms, according to CB Insights, a data firm — up by 58% from 2014 and a huge 638% since 2011.

Most troublesome, the giants are finding it hard to keep up with fast-changing consumer markets. Ali Dibadj of Sanford C. Bernstein, a research firm, points out that some consumers in middle-income countries began by assuming Western products were superior. As their economies grew, local players often proved more adaptable to shopper s’ needs. Since 2004 big emerging economies have seen growth of local and regional companies, according to data compiled by RBC. In China, for example, Yunnan Baiyao Gioup accounts for 10% of the toothpaste market, with sales growing by 45% each year since 2004. In Brazil Botica Comercial Farmaceutica sells nearly 30% of perfume. And.in India Ghari Industries now peddles more than 17% of detergent.

In America and Europe, the world’s biggest consumer markets, many firms have been similarly leaden-footed. If a shopper wants a basic product, he can choose from cheap, store-brand goods from the likes of Aldi and Walmart. But if a customer wants to pay more for a product, it may not be for a traditional big brand. This may be because shoppers trust little brands more than established ones. One-third of American consumers surveyed by Deloitte, a consultancy, said they would pay at least 10% more for the “craft”version of a good, a greater share than would pay extra for convenience or innovation. Interest in organic products has been a particular challenge for big manufacturers whose packages list such “tasty-sounding”ingredients as sodium benzoate（苯甲酸钠）and Yellow 6（日落黄）。

Big companies have been trying to respond. The most notable strategy has been buy other firms and cut costs. 3G, a Brazilian firm has cut budgets at Heinz, a 147-year-old company it bought in 2013; then Kraft, which it merged（合并）with Heinz in 2015. Heinz’s profit margin widened from 18% to 28% in just two years, according to Sanford C. Bernstein.

Big firms are also acquiring or backing smaller rivals. In 2013 two American food companies and a French one — Campbell Soup, Main Celestial and Danone—each bought a maker of organic baby food. Coca-Cola and Unilever, an Anglo-Dutch titan, have long bought companies outright or invested in them. Both General Mills and Campbell have launched their own venture-capital arms.

66. The underlined word “irked” in Paragraph 2 probably means “”.

A. annoyed

B. embarrassed

C. frightened

D. amazed

67. The author mentions “KIND bars” and “Dol lar Shave Club razors” in Paragraph

2 to indicate that .

A. “KIND” and “Dollar Shave Club” are becoming world-loved brand names

B. CPG giants are considerin g buying smaller firms like “KIND” or “Dollar S have Club”

C. small firms can also bring investors profits although they sell cheap and basic products

D. local competitors like “KIND”and “Dollar Shave Club”are challenging traditional big brands

68. According to the passage, the influence of TV advertisements is fading because .

A. consumers are no longer interested in watching TV

B. consumers can learn about products on social media

C. consumers find TV advertisements less fancy than before

D. consumers can buy products online instead of going to a store

69. Which is one possible advantage of small firms over large giants in emerging market?

A. It is not hard for small films to keep up with fast-changing consumer markets.

B. Most consumers in America and Europe trust little brands snore than established ones.

C. Some local firms can meet consumers’needs better than world-famous brand giants.

D. Small firms mainly sell creative or organic products which are more appealing to consumers.

70. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. Centralizing decisions can help small companies increase profits.

B. Over one-third of consumers would pay extra for convenience or innovation.

C. Cutting cost is more important to big companies than meeting customer demand.

D. Besides purchasing smaller competitors, big companies are supporting them as well. 第四部分任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

The future belongs to the flexible mind. This is the argument behind best-selling author Leonard Mlodinow’s new book, Elastic（灵活的）, which examines the ever-increasing changes we find ourselves living through, and the ways of thinking best suited to them.

Do we need to develop a flexible mind?

Times we live in demand a flexible style of thinking. In politics, we now have to cope with more scandals in a single year than we used to encounter in a lifetime. Meanwhile, the speed and processing power of computers makes it difficult for us to navigate a landscape in which the number of websites has been doubling every two to three years, and the way we use and access them is subject te frequent “disastrous changes.” More importantly, social attitudes are changing just as fast.

Logical thought is an analysis that can be described fey an algorithm（算术）of the kind that computers follow. Elastic thought cannot. Logical thought is solved to help us face the everyday challenges of life while elastic thought helps us succeed when circumstances change. Elastic thought is where our new ideas come from. Logical thought can determine how to drive from our home to the grocery store most efficiently,

but it’s elastic thought that gave us the automobile.

What makes it hard to think “flexibly”?

Flexible thinking comes naturally to all humans, bit one way it may be blocked is through another power exercised by our brain, the ability to tune out “crazy”ideas. A single information processor depends on an algorithm to solve a problem. The human brain, instead, acts as a set of interacting and competing systems. They use our knowledge and expectations of the world to assess ideas. That approach is well suited to a stable environment. But it can be less productive when circumstances change.

How can we learn to be more flexible in our own thinking?

One of the abilities most important to flexible thinking is the power to relax our mind and let our guard down. If we are constantly alerted, our ideas may have a narrow range, and tend to fee conventional.

One can also cultivate flexible thinking by adjusting one's external conditions. Studies show that sitting in a darkened room, or closing our eyes, can widen our perspective. Low ceilings, narrow corridors, and windowless offices have the opposite effect Being able to think without any kind of time pressure is also important when striving for novel ideas. Just as important, interruptions are deadly. A short phone call, email or even a text message can redirect your attention and thoughts.

As a more general exercise to nurture our mental flexibility we can try to pay special attention to one of our strongly held beliefs, taka it seriously and recall times in the past that we were wrong about something, even though w e’d been confident of being right. In fact, more generally, introducing a little disagreement to our intellectual interactions may also be helpful.

第五部分书面表达（满分25分）

请阅读下面图表及文字。并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

【写作内容】

1. 用约30 个词概括上述图文的主要内容；

2. 简要分析此现象产生的原因（至少两点）；

3. 在这四门选修课中，你会选择哪一门？结合所给材料，阐述你选择的理由。

【写作要求】

1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句。

2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

3. 不必写标题。

江苏省南京市金陵中学、海安高级中学、南京外国语学校2018届高三

第四次模拟考试

英语试题答案

第一部分听力（共两节，每小题1.5分，满分30分）

1－5 AABBC 6－10 BABAC 11－15 ABCCA 16－20 ACACB

第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）

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第一步 江苏省通州高级中学钱辰 记得史铁生曾说过:“生命是跨越距离的过程。”那么我想跨越 时的第一步是最难也是最重要的。 都说九层之台起于累土，千里之行始于足下。迈开脚，跨出第一步，相信你我都会彷徨。该不该跨?如何跨?你是否无数次问过自己。 认清时势，找准时机，迈出恰到好处的第一步方是聪明之举。 香港TVB前董事局主席邵逸夫就是一个善于审时度势的人。他率先创造了香港电影的神话已属奇迹，但更可贵的是，他竟在电影蓬 勃发展之际，看到无线电视业的商机，勇敢迈出第一步，领先于同行。事实证明他的分析是正确的。这样的第一步帮助TVB坐稳龙头 宝座之位，至今无人可撼，开创了邵逸夫时代。 的确，这样清醒的头脑，敏锐捕捉商机的能力，让他迈出勇敢的第一步，既出人意外，又恰到好处，从此他一马当先，事业蒸蒸日上。可若是找不准机会走出那第一步，他就永远困缩在小角落里， 最终被人遗忘。 可仅仅做到如此，就一定可以吗?我想远非如此，要走好第一步，更应在冷静判断之后，义无反顾地踏出第一步，不再退缩。 由此不由得想到日本女足界的大和抚子——泽穗希。在日本女足陷入低迷之境时，泽穗希放弃了原本可以上大学的机会，她创业的 第一步竟是投身女足。在那样惨淡的境遇下，根本无人看好她的第 一步。是的，没有好的足球场，计分甚至是人工翻牌，可那又怎样，她热爱足球，无悔于自己事业的第一步的选择，毅然撑起整个日本 足球。越是身处荒芜，她越是能看到不远的将来会春色满园。 事实证明，她的义无反顾，永不退缩使她的第一步开始了一个传奇的宣言。德国女足世界杯赛上她率领着日本队书写了一个不朽的 神话。无退路可逃的第一步选择，注定了她以艰辛的奋斗去铸造辉 煌的胜利。

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沈霞如东县掘港小学 刘真真如东县马塘小学 李菊香如东掘港镇童店初级中学胡烽如东县苴镇德耀小学 徐哲明如皋市安定小学 郭祥圣江苏省如皋中学 石红权如皋市下原小学 黄晓燕如皋初级中学 陆小祥如皋市薛窑中学 黄美兰如皋市江安镇中心小学 蒋秀云如皋市开发区幼儿园 夏琪凤如皋市实验初中 尤冬梅如皋市东皋幼儿园 陆杰如皋市城南初级中学 夏建明如皋市九华镇初级中学 王志红如皋高等师范学校附属小学俞爱福如皋市特殊教育学校 宫卫海江苏省西亭高级中学 张丽萍江苏省通州高级中学 杨淑琴江苏省平潮高级中学 仇燕南通市通州区金沙中学 殷霞南通市通州区通州小学

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江苏省通州高级中学 违反师德师风行为处理办法 第一条为加强我校教师队伍建设和教师队伍管理，建设一支“政治坚定、思想过硬、知识渊博、精于教书、勤于育人”的高素质教师队伍，根据《中华人民共和国教育法》《中华人民共和国教师法》等法律法规，以及《新时代中小学教师职业行为十项准则》《中小学教师违反职业道德行为处理办法》的要求，结合我校教师队伍建设实际，制定本办法。 第二条本办法所称处理包括处分和其他处理。处分包括警告、记过、降低岗位等级或撤职、开除。警告期限为6个月，记过期限为12个月，降低岗位等级或撤职期限为24个月。是中共党员的，同时给予党纪处分。 其他处理包括给予批评教育、诫勉谈话、责令检查、通报批评，以及取消在评奖评优、职务晋升、职称评定、岗位聘用、工资晋级、申报人才计划等方面的资格。取消相关资格的处理执行期限不得少于24个月。 教师涉嫌违法犯罪的，及时移送司法机关依法处理。 第三条执行行政处分，坚持实事求是原则、纪律面前人人平等原则、宽严相济原则、惩戒与教育相结合原则。 第四条教师有下列情形之一，经批评教育仍不改正的，给予

警告处分。 1、在工作时间及工作场所玩网络游戏或浏览与工作无关网页或的； 2、吵架斗殴、寻衅滋事、影响正常工作或教学秩序的； 3、侮辱学生人格、剥夺学生在学校学习和参加活动权利的、师生不正常交往的； 4、向学生或家长索要或变相索要财物的； 5、体罚或变相体罚学生，但未造成不良后果的； 6、经常在上课时间使用通讯工具，在课堂上抽烟或醉酒上课的； 7、无教案（教学设计）、不备课、未完成教育教学任务的； 8、散布有损学生及家长、同事、领导及学校声誉的虚假言论，并造成不良影响的； 9、上课经常迟到、早退的； 10、私自向学生、家长推销书籍、刊物或其它商品； 11、其它违反学校管理制度但不够行政记过处分的行为。 第五条教师有下列情形之一的，给予行政记过处分： 1、体罚或变相体罚学生，造成学生身心伤害后果，情节较轻、 未达到法律追究程度的；

江苏省如东高级中学2019-2020学年2019-2020学年高一下学期期末热身练数学试题(答案图片版)

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A. 平均数相同 B. 中位数相同 C. 众数不完全相同 D. 方差最大的是丁 5. 过点引直线，使，到它的距离相等，则这条直线的方程是 A. B. C. 或 D. 或 6.在中，角A、B、C的对边分别为a，b，c，的面积为S，若，则角C的值为 A. B. C. D. 7.如图，的二面角的棱上有A，B两点，直线AC，BD分别在这个二面角的两个半平面内，且都垂直于已知，，，则CD的长为 A. B. 7 C. D. 9 （第7题图）（第9题图） 8.已知向量，，，若，则与的夹角为 A. B. C. D. 9. 如上图，四边形ABCD中，，，将四边形ABCD沿对角线BD折成四面体，使平面平面BCD，则下列结论正确的是 A. B. C. 与平面所成的角为 D. 四面体的体积为 10. 中国传统文化中很多内容体现了数学的“对称美”如图所示的太极图是由黑白两个鱼形纹组成的圆形图案，充分体现了相互转化、对称统一的形式美、和谐美给出定义：能够将圆O的周长和面积同时平分的函数称为这个圆的“优美函数”． 给出下列命题：正弦函数可以是无数个圆的“优美函数”； 函数可以是无数个圆的“优美函数”；