奉贤一模

2014学年第一学期奉贤区质量检测试题

高三历史

考生注意：

1. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有答题必须写在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分；答题纸与试卷上的试题编号一一对应，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

2. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

一、选择题（共75分）

以下每小题2分，共60分，每题只有一个正确选项。

1．“这两个文明基本上都是土生土长地自行发展出来的，也都有自然天险屏障或地理上的偏安，让它们自成一个世界，为统一政权的出现提供有利养分”。学者说的两大文明最可能是

A．古代印度、埃及文明 B．古代罗马、中国文明

C．古代埃及、中国文明 D．古代希腊、两河文明

2．观察右图，公元前8世纪到公元前6世纪，城邦制度开始形成的地区是图中的

A．A

B．B

C．C

D．D

3．“其首都是欧洲地区及地中海世界最大的

政治、经济和宗教中心，控制欧洲和亚洲之间的

贸易与文化往来”。文中的“首都”指的是

A．罗马 B．阿维尼翁

C．开罗 D．君士坦丁堡

4．“男人在田间劳动，女人操持家务；大家一起去教堂做弥撒，听牧师布道；享用一日三餐（三餐的内容不尽一样）或领主为酬劳农奴的收割而提供的丰盛晚宴……”。这段文字描述的当是

A．中世纪庄园 B．西周诸侯国

C．古希腊城邦 D．印度种姓制

5．河南郑州发现春秋时期郑国祭祀坑，其中一坑内出土一套九件青铜鼎。安徽寿县发现的春秋晚期蔡侯墓，出土十件列鼎。湖北随县战国早期的曾侯乙墓亦出土九件鼎。这表明 A．鼎失去作为礼器的功能 B．春秋时鼎的使用已普及

C．周天子的权威逐渐衰落 D．鼎仅仅是用于诸侯墓葬

6．中华文明融合、诞生的核心地区位于右图中的

A．A

B．B

C．C

D．D

7．“中国政治与文化之变革，莫剧于殷、周之际”。

“殷、周之际”的政治变革是

A．从“公天下”到“家天下” B．从方国联盟到封邦建国

C．从方国联盟到郡国并立 D．从封邦建国到中央集权8．秦汉时期实施郡、县二级的行政区划，最基层的地方行政长官为县令由

A．中央委派 B．贵族世袭

C．地方推举 D．百姓选举

9．下面是对“秦筑长城”的评价。其中比较全面客观评价的诗句是

A．“祖舜宗尧自太平，秦皇何事苦苍生。不知祸起萧墙内，虚筑防胡万里城”

B．“秦筑长城比铁牢，蕃戎不敢过临洮。虽然万里连云际，争得尧阶三丈高”

C．“秦皇筑长城，乃为万世利。连山绝谷势蜿蜒，雄图自足制中外”

D．“当其兴大役，天下皆痍疮。以之召祸乱……岂知易代后，功及万世长”

10．右图为中国古代某“中央机构示意图”。这一政府架

构出现于

A．秦始皇时期

B．汉武帝时期

C．唐太宗时期

D．康熙帝时期

11．“中国因此制度，政府乃经由全国各地所选拔之贤才

共同组织，此乃一种直接民权，乃一种由社会直接参加政府之权”。文中提到的“制度”首创于

A．秦朝 B．隋朝

C．汉朝 D．唐朝

12．一汉人建议“为政应以原本法令为主，并参酌中国制度”引起该民族的王公大臣反对，认为中国仅是帝国的一部分……统治者也不需采用亡国者的制度。该民族当是 A．匈奴 B．鲜卑

C．女真 D．蒙古

13．某学者赞扬中国历史上的一项技术推动了西方的文艺复兴、启蒙运动等历史发展，是重大的“革命”。这位学者赞扬的技术是

A．炼金术 B．观星术

C．航海技术 D．活字印刷术

14．《宋史》中出现了“焦守节(卷261)、李克让(卷270)、陈从信(卷277)、赵安仁(卷287)、钱端礼(卷385)、张忠恕(卷409)”等名字，与之有关的社会思潮是 A．佛学 B．法学 C．玄学 D．理学

15．“今我朝罢丞相……以后子孙做皇帝时，并不许立丞相”。“我朝”是指

A．汉朝 B．唐朝

C．明朝 D．清朝

16．“康熙初年，闽、浙、粤三省沿海郡县，迁民内居，筑界墙、严海禁，洋舶自此不得入”。下列解释最合理的是

A．闽浙粤地区受到骚扰，应当是日本倭寇引起的纠纷

B．海禁政策是禁止中国人出海，与清初三藩之乱有关

C．外国船只不得入，应是针对来自欧洲各国的贸易商

D．当时郑成功攻打各省沿海，这个政策应该针对台湾

17．中国古代不同朝代为解决水灾，中央政府的运作情况如下：①蜀郡洪水为患，丞相与诸卿拿出治理方案，交给皇帝裁决；②渝州发生洪灾，中书省按皇帝旨意起草文件，交门下省审核后，再交尚书省，尚书省交工部、户部办理；③徐州府爆发洪灾，阁臣据皇帝旨意写成诏书，直送工部、户部执行赈灾。上述场景最早出现的朝代分别是

A．①秦朝、②唐朝、③元朝 B．①秦朝、②唐朝、③明朝

C．①汉朝、②元朝、③清朝 D．①汉朝、②宋朝、③明朝

18．十八世纪启蒙运动中，不少启蒙思想家都推崇中国的科举制度：“它所体现的许多有价值的观念具有永久的生命力”。科举制度“具有永久的生命力”的本质是

A．公平竞争 B．以文治国

C．分科考试 D．重视教育

19．某著作介绍当时欧洲各国的政治与体制，书中指出：俄罗斯、法兰西、普鲁士等国盛行君主专制；而英国因开风气之先，实施君主立宪制度，君主与国会共治，国势蒸蒸日上。这本书最有可能出版于

A．16世纪 B．17世纪

C．18世纪 D．19世纪

20．1819年，在一位去世伟人的讣告中，对他的科技贡献有着这样的赞颂：“它武装了人类，使虚弱无力的双手变得力大无穷，健全了人类的大脑以处理一切难题。它为机械动力在未来创造奇迹打下了坚实的基础”。这位伟人的最大贡献是

A．研制成了发电机 B．发明了内燃机

C．发明水力织布机 D．改良了蒸汽机

21．右图为“一战”前夕形势图，其中结

成“三国同盟”的是

A．(1)、(2)和(4)

B．(1)、(2)和(6)

C．(3)、(4)和(5)

D．(3)、(5)和(6)

22．有人说，日本“1866年，它还是一个中世纪的民族……1899年，它已经是一个完全西方化了的民族”。促使日本完成这一重大历史跨越的转折是

A．门户开放，受西方国家的影响 B．推翻幕府统治，扫除封建障碍

C．明治维新，走资本主义的道路 D．发动战争，开拓海外殖民市场

23．下表是德国人口与土地面积比较，对德国人口减少的主要原因最确切的理解是

1914年1921年

国土面积540787平方公里467302平方公里

人口67，892，000人59，600，000人

A．因第一次大战伤亡过大，人口急剧减少

B．因为经济不景气及饥荒，人口大量外移

C．因为大规模的瘟疫，造成人口大量死亡

D．因为领土割让，土地与人口因之而减少

24．1952年我国发行纪念十月革命的邮票，其中—枚图案为列宁在第二次全俄苏维埃代表大会上讲话。此套邮票成为我国第

一套错体票，该邮票图案及说明中的史

实错误是

A．标题表述有误

B．周年计算出错

C．人物不符事实

D．价格标示有错

25．根据罗斯福总统的建议，国会授权政府设立工程振兴局，并拨款用于重新造林，修建住宅和兴办教育等。这表明罗斯福希望

A．设立新的机构以控制市场 B．借助多渠道提供就业机会

C．通过制定法规来复兴经济 D．采取金融手段以解决危机26．“（他）对内改革财政，制订法典，加强法制，强化国家机构，……对外与欧洲反法同盟开战，击败了几乎所有的欧洲大国，解除了对法国的外来威胁”。这段文字描述的是 A．罗伯斯比尔 B．戴高乐 C．拿破仑 D．孟德斯鸠

27．“合众国公民的选举权，不得因种族、肤色或以前是奴隶而被合众国或任何一州加以拒绝或限制”。这一规定出台的背景是

A．独立战争胜利 B．大萧条

C．美国内战结束 D．“一战”

28．“甲主义”提倡各种经济因素公平而自由的交换，是以个人的私利观作主宰。“乙主义”则从专制体制出发，以政治力量强迫将民间经济组成集团，干预所有权与雇佣的关系。“甲主义”、”乙主义”分别是指

A．封建主义、资本主义 B．资本主义、法西斯主义

C．法西斯主义、共产主义 D．共产主义、新保守主义

29．当前，以调查、访问、回忆等形式为特征的口述史学正悄然兴起。下列主题最适合以口述史方式进行研究的是

A．“巴黎和会”内幕 B．“光荣革命”情景

C．“彼得格勒武装起义”经历 D．“柏林墙修建”详情30．“一个崭新的世界政治格局开始出现。……欧洲不再是世界棋盘上的一个卒子——或两个卒子，东欧和西欧；中国也不再是苏联的卫星国或地位较低的伙伴”。这个崭新格局指的是

A．欧洲中心 B．两级格局 C．多极格局 D．美国独霸

以下每小题3分，共15分。每—选项分值可能为0、1、3分。选出最佳一项，多选不得分。

31．“东周时期，王朝软弱无力，封建主相互混战不绝，表面上是个多事的时期。不过，这也是一个社会经济发生根本变革，从而决定而且永久地决定中国发展进程的时期”。《全球通史》里的这段话说明当时社会

A．经济领域已发生较为深刻的变化 B．面临激烈的社会变革与经济转型

C．处于王室衰微与诸侯纷争的境地 D．经济迅速发展与周王室权势渐强

32．唐诗《及第谣》写道：“水国寒消春日长，燕莺催促花枝忙。风吹金榜落凡世，三十三人名字香。”该诗反映的制度对当时的社会所起的作用，最准确的理解是其能A．稳固专制主义中央集权政治体制 B．促成持久的读书风尚

C．充实古代科学研究的人才和力量 D．体现社会的相对公正33．1816年，英王派遣阿美士德出使中国，却与清朝发生”礼节之争”。清朝要求英使依天朝定制觐见皇帝时行”三跪九叩”礼，英使以跪叩礼有伤英国尊严，坚持仅行”免冠俯首”。双方争持不下，最后英使遭逐出而去。此一“礼节之争”反映的实质是 A．新帝国主义与反殖民主义的对抗 B．盲目自大与平等外交观念的对立 C．工业资本主义与农业文明的矛盾 D．天下秩序观与主权国家观的冲撞

34. 美国波士顿犹太人屠杀纪念碑上，铭刻着一首短诗：“在德国，起初他们追杀共产主义者，我没有说话，因为我不是共产主义者；接着他们追杀犹太人，我没有说话，因为我不是犹太人……最后他们矛头指向我，却再也没有人站起来为我说话了”。对此诗主旨理解最为深刻的是

A．纳粹对人民迫害是逐步加深的 B．纳粹的暴行源于多数人的支持

C．多数人的冷漠造成了人间悲剧 D．纳粹带有种族主义和反共倾向

35．有专家大胆猜测，我们或许正生活在“自我们这个物种存在以来最和平的时期”。但过去的20年，我们每时每刻都在感受着来自于世界各地的“突发新闻”、“9．11”、“巴以冲突”等，使我们总觉得生活在一个恐怖时代。对此理解最全面的是

A．“最和平”是指“冷战”的结束，世界局势趋于缓和

B．经济全球化和政治多极化的趋势是和平的主要因素

C．信息时代、网络时代使各种信息传播更快捷

D．全球趋势总体缓和，但仍存在诸多不稳定因素

二、非选择题（共75分）

36．王权的沉浮（10分）

在西欧中世纪，王权曾经代表了进步的因素，社会各阶层都倾向于王权，促使西欧的政治制度也发生了相应的变化。

（1）公元9—15世纪，以英国为例，填写其政治制度演变过程。（3分）

11世纪 （ C ）世纪 15世纪

（2）概述上述政治制度变化的主要因素及作用。（7分）

37．秦汉之政（12分）

“盖赢政称皇帝之年，实前此二千数百年之结局，亦为后此二千数百年之起点，不可谓非历史一大关键。惟秦虽有经营统一之功，而未能尽行其规划一统之策。凡秦之政，皆待汉行之。秦人启其端，汉人竟其绪。”

(1)为什么说“赢政称皇帝之年，实前此二千数百年之结局，亦为后此二千数百年之起点”？（4分）

（2）用史实说明在“经营统一“方面“秦人启其端，汉人竟其绪”的理解。（8分）

38．欧洲人眼中的世界（13分） （1）图1和图2对世界地理的描绘有何不同？（4分）

（2）两幅地图何者先出现？你判断的理由是什么？（5分）

（3）作为史料，这两幅地图有何价值？（4分）

图2

图1

A 主 B

封建等级制

39．英国的庆典（15分）

1897年是维多利亚女王执政60周年。盛大庆典时的伦敦成了鲜花和欢乐的海洋。威仪万端的女王，乘着眩人耳目的彩车，眼前是狂欢如潮的人群，左右簇拥着当朝显贵，身后紧随着各国来宾，俨然一个征服世界的“胜利者”。

概述从新航路开辟到19世纪末英国国际地位的演变。

40．孟德斯鸠眼里的中国（25分）

我们的传教士们告诉我们，那个幅员广漠的中华帝国的政体是可称赞的，它的政体的原则是畏惧、荣誉和品德兼而有之。……但是我不晓得，一个国家只有使用棍棒才能让人民做些事情，还能有什么荣誉可说呢？……加之，我们的商人从没有告诉我们教士们所谈的这种品德：我们可以参考一下商人们所说的关于那里的官吏们的掠夺行为。

中国的皇帝所感悟到的和我们的君主不同。我们的君主感到，如果他统治得不好的话，则来世的幸福少，今生的权力和财富也要少。但是中国的皇帝知道，如果他统治得不好的话，就要丧失他的帝国和生命。

这就是人们时常谈论的中国的那些典章制度之所由来。人们曾经想使法律和专制主义并行，但是任何东西和专制主义联系起来，便失掉了自己的力量。……

在那个地方的一切历史里，是连一段表现自由精神的记录都不可能找到的。那里，除了极端的奴役而外，我们将永远看不见任何其他东西。因此，中国是一个专制的国家，它的原则是恐怖。

——孟德斯鸠（1689年-1755）《论法的精神》（1）孟德斯鸠对中国的描绘主要以什么时代为依据？说明判断的理由。（4分）

（2）根据材料，概述孟德斯鸠笔下的中国形象。（6分）

（3）你如何看待孟德斯鸠对中国政治的解读?（15分）

届奉贤区高三英语一模试卷

Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A

To Be Joyful, To Be Young What really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It’s probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I (21) (learn) that real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not. Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There’s no point (22) (abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something back that’s even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully, (23) (quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better, so quickly. It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living. When you exercise and eat right, your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons(神经细胞) (24) (grow) that it actually increased the size of people’s brains! Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face (25) you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower, (26) decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are. One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers’awareness of stress was more important than (27) was objectively occurring in their lives. (28) (give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day. The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres(染色体端粒) compared with (29) who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the women who felt relaxed (30) raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres. In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed. Section B Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.

2012学年奉贤区高三英语一模卷答案(含听力)

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