人教版新目标七年级英语下册语法22

人教版新目标七年级英语下册语法

1.名词所有格

名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式：1）一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如：Kate's father Kate 的爸爸my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友2）复数名词以s 结尾的，只加"’"。例如：Teachers' Day 教师节The boys' game 男孩们的游戏3）如果复数名词不以s 结尾，仍加"'s"。例如：Children's Day 儿童节Women's Day 妇女节4）表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如：Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily 的房间Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim 的爸爸动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s"，而常常用介词of 的短语来表示。

a map of China 一幅中国地图the name of her cat 她的猫的名字a picture of my family the door of the bedroom 卧室的门

2.祈使句

祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌，常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时，please 前多用逗号。1）祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。Go and see. 去看看。Come in, please. 请进。2）祈使句的否定形式常用don't 于句首。Don't look at your books. 不要看书。Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。

3.There be 的句子结构

There be 是一个"存在"句型，表示"有"的意思，肯定句的形式为：There be +名词（单数或复数）+地点状语或时间状语。意为"某地有某人或某物"。be 的形式与它后面的单词一致（就近一致）。如：There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。1）there be 的否定句，即在be 的后面加上not。否定形式为：There be + not + (any) +名词+地点状语。There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。2）there be 句型的疑问句就是将be 提到句首：Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语？肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't. --Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗？--Yes, there is. 有。--Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗？--No, there aren't. 没有。3）特殊疑问句：How many . . . are there (+地点状语)？"某地有多少人或物？"回答用There be . . . There's one. / There are two / three / some . . . 有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . . --How many students are there in the classroom? --There's only one. / There are nine.

4.动词＋doing

like doing ，enjoy doing，forget doing ，finish doing ，find sb doing sth ，have fun doing sth ，regret doing ，stop doing ，remember doing ，practice doing ，Thanks for doing ，What about / How about doing ，be busy doing sth ，mind doing sth ，have fun/ trouble/ difficulty (in )doing ，spend +时间+(in) doing

5、动词（+sb.）+ do（原形）

Watch sb do sth ，help sb do sth ，make sb do sth ，let's do sth

6、动词+to do （原形）

decide to do sth，tell sb to do sth ,want to do sth, decide to do sth ,have to do sth ,write to sb ,It's time to do sth, stop to do, remember to do, like to do sth ,regret to do, forget to do, would like to do sth, remember to do sth ,hope to do, advise sb. to do, wish to do ‘wish sb. to do

其他知识点

1. some 与any 的区别: some 用于肯定句和委婉的问句any 用于否定句和问句any 用于

肯定句时意为“任何的” E.g: I'd like some dumplings.／Do you have any brothers? Would you like some noodles?

2. at, in, on 在时间用法上的区别①on 表示时间时，一般用于某日、某天的上午、下午、晚上on Saturday, on Sunday morning ②in 用于表示一段时间或季节（月分、年）in September, in Summer, in 2004 ③at 表示时刻或某一时间点at ten o'clock, at noon（在正午）

3. also, too, either 的区别also 也。用于肯定句、否定句、疑问句中；too 多用于肯定句和疑问句末尾；either 用于否定句末尾。I also like mutton.（=I like mutton,too.）Will they also come? (= W ill they come, too?) I don’t know much about him, either.(=I also don’t know much about him.)

4. other adj./ pron.别的，另外的。other 指代单数或者修饰单数名词时，前面必须用the （the other=the other +单数名词），指两者中的另一个。实义动词：行为动词和联系动词（除外）2) 实义动词：行为动词和联系动词（be 除外）主语肯定句否定句第三人称单数I, you 和复数others = other +复数, 别的一些人或物the others = the other +复数, 指余下的所有人或物another (+单数), 又一个，再一个another +基数词+复数，再一些，又一些Would you like another cake? I need another ten boys to do the work.

5. 动词时态：

一般现在时：一般现在时：表示现在时间内经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。1) 连系动词be：是…，在…；处于状态状态) ：，；处于…(状态I 用am，you 用are，Is 紧跟他、她、它(he, she, it); 单数名(词)代(词)(I, you 除外)用is, 复数形式全用are。be+not 否定句, be 放主语前疑问句；若有some 变any, 灵活运用要牢记。疑问句v.( 原主语+does not +v.(原形原形)… does+主语+主语+v.( 第三人称单主语原形形)…… 数)…… 主语+v.(原形原形)…… 主语原形主语+don’t +v.(原形原形)…… 主语原形do+主语主语+v.(原形原形)…. 主语原形例如：He speaks French well. He doesn’t speak French well. Does he speak French well? How does he speak French? I /You /They like sports. I /You / They don’t like sports. Do you / they like spo rts? What sport do you /they like best? How do the kids know my name? 3）用法：）用法：a. 表示现在时间内经常性、习惯性的动作或表示现在时间内经常性、状态。常常接often, always, usually, sometimes, sedom, every day, every week, every three days 等做状语。He gets up early every morning. b. 表示主语的能力、性质、身份、特征等。表示主语的能力、性质、身份、特征等。He sings well. I teach English. c. 表示按固定的时间安排将要发生的动作。表示按固定的时间安排将要发生的动作。Our plane takes off at 10:30. 我们的飞机将在10 点半起飞。

一般过去时：表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态1) 连系动词be: 一单、一单、三单用was, you 和复数用were；；was / were+not 变否定，变否定，was，were 提(到主语前变疑问。到主语)前变疑问，到主语前变疑问。实义动词：行为动词和联系动词(be 除外除外) 2) 实义动词：行为动词和联系动词肯定句动词形式否定句疑问句Did+主语动词原主语+动词原主语形… 主语+主语+did 动词过去+not+动词原形… 式… 原形He / I / They / You played tennis yesterday. He/ I / They / did not play tennis yesterday. Did you/ he/ they play tennis yesterday? What did you / he / they play yesterday? 3)用法：用法：用法 a. 表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作。表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作。

I often went swimming in the river when I was young. b. 表示过去的状态：表示过去的状态：There were a lot of animals in this forest thirty years ago. Tom was ill yesterday. c. 表示过去一次性的动作。表示过去一次性的动作。He washed his clothes last weekend. I’m sorry I didn’t find you here. d. 表示过去连续发生的动作。表示过去连续发生的动作。He got up early and went fishing with his father. He helped mom cook the breakfast and then went to school. e. 表示

过去的习惯：表示过去的习惯：I used to swim in this river but now it is badly polluted. Father would teach me how to fish when I was young. He was always the first to get to school when studying here.

5.动词的基本形式：

单数第三人称的构成规则：单数第三人称的构成规则：1) 直接加-s: moves, likes, wins, swims 2) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y 为i 加-es. try—tries, study—studies, worry—worries 3) 以s, x, ch, sh 和o 结尾的，加-es. passes, fixes, catches, pushes, does, goes 4) be—is 过去式和过去分词和过去分词的构成规则

过去式和过去分词的构成规则1) 直接加-ed. boiled, fooled, learned, owned,… 2) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y 为i 再加-ed. try—tried, study—studied,… 3）以“e”结尾的，加-d: lived, moved, liked, fired,… 4）以闭音节结尾而且词末只有一个辅音字母的，双写词末的辅音字母再加-ed. stopped, spotted, slapped(掌掴)… 5）不规则动词（略）

现在分词构成规则1) 直接加-ing: fishing, doing, cooking,… 2) 以不发音的“e”结尾的，去“e”加-ing: live--living, move—moving, skate—skating.. 3) 以闭音节结尾而词末只有一个辅音字母的，双写词末的辅音字母再加-ing: stop—stopping, forget—forgetting, swim—swimming, begin—beginning,…