_大学体验英语综合教程unit2_PB文化存在差异吗

_大学体验英语综合教程unit2_PB文化存在差异吗.txtゅ你不用一上线看见莪在线，就急着隐身，放心。莪不会去缠你。说好的不离不弃现在反而自己却做不到╮

文化存在差异吗？

1993年，我第一次有机会作为加利福尼亚大学的代表访问俄罗斯，为他们提供有关农业劳工管理方面的技术帮助。在我到达之前，人们告诉我说："俄罗斯是一个非常有礼貌的民族”。我到那里后，有一次一位翻译向我解释说：男士要为女士们倒柠檬汁，要对她们彬彬有礼。

三个星期的行程快结束时，我那位年轻的俄罗斯主人及朋友德米特里?伊万诺维奇和他那可爱的妻子叶列娜邀请我到外面就餐。美餐完毕后，叶列娜问我是否想吃香蕉，我有礼貌地谢绝了，并解释说：我对晚餐非常满意。但此刻我一直在想，"我该做点什么呢？虽然我和她的座位离放香蕉的地方一样近，我要不要为她送上一个香蕉呢？怎样做才显得有礼貌呢？”

"你想吃香蕉吗？”我问叶列娜。

"好吧”，她笑了笑，但并没试图从水果篮中去拿香蕉。"现在该怎么办呢？”我想。

"你喜欢哪一个？”我犹犹豫豫地说。

她指着其中一个香蕉说："就那个吧。”由于一直想着俄罗斯人的礼节，我就摘下她所指的那个香蕉，剥去一半的皮，然后递给了她。叶列娜和德米特里脸上的笑容表明，我做得正确。这次经历之后，我常常告诉所有的人，在俄罗斯，为女士剥香蕉是一种表示彬彬有礼的作法。然而，当我第三次到俄罗斯时，有一天一个俄罗斯人客气地纠正了我的错误想法。

"啊，不，格里戈里·达维多维奇，”一个俄罗斯人很得体地更正说："在俄罗斯，一个男人为女士剥香蕉意味着他对她想入非非。”我简直无地自容，因为我一直在得意地向人们讲述我经历的这件我理解文化差异的趣闻。

有些教训只有通过这种尴尬的方式才能吸取。那些有关文化差异的好心文章和讲座可能是害多利少，也许还并不像我说的这件事那样只是一件趣事而已。它们所讲述的就如同我所讲述的香蕉故事一样，往往有太多的普遍推论甚至是歪曲的看法。

关于西班牙文化，我们经常听见这样一些泛泛而论的说法：西班牙人见面时距离靠得更近，较少对视，在一般谈话中身体接触较多，他们不大愿意参加集会。进行主观概括往往是危险的，尤其当这些概括还附加一些建议时更是如此，比如说：同西班牙人谈话时，要与他们靠近些，身体接触多一些，别指望他们参与，等等。

任何特定民族或特定文化内部的人们之间的差异常常要比群体间的差异大得多。教育、社会地位、宗教信仰、性格、信念、阅历、家庭的爱以及其它多种因素都会影响人的行为和文化。

对上班时和下班后哪些行为算是有礼貌的和恰当的这一问题，看法肯定是有分歧的。例如在一些文化里，"是的”意味着"我听见你说的话了”而不是"我同意”。谈正事前的寒喧和问候的时间长短，对别人在旁边说自己不懂的外语的容忍程度，敬重妇女礼来衡量一个人是否礼貌（例如女性走到你的桌前你要站起身来，在公共汽车上要为老人让座等等），以及衣着的规矩等，都是可能是文化差异和传统的佐证。

在墨西哥，习惯上是刚到的人向其它早来的人打招呼。例如，当一个人来到一群就餐的人中间，他会说"请吃好”；在智利，女性通常会吻其他女性和男性的面颊来打招呼；在俄罗斯女性常常与其他女性朋友臂挎臂地行走。注意风俗习惯和文化差异能让来自另一种文化的

人有机会更快的融入该文化或被认同，而忽略这些差异则可能让一个漫不经心的人陷入麻烦。

由于存在文化和意识形态上的差异，所以了解一种文化中的习惯和生活方式是有好处的。加拿大的ODCnet网站记者阿伦?庞写道："在研究跨文化差异中，我们不是研究个体，而是进行不同民族间的比较，因此我们是在比较两个正态分布曲线，所以概括是难免的。”另一名记者解释说，人们需要对事物进行分类描述。这些说法都完全正确，但是当我们按照这些概括性结论行事，而这些结论又是来自错误的观察时，危险就降临了。如果我们根据眼睛对视、人体间距离、身体接触和参与的兴趣等一类事物所作的一般推论来决定我们的行为，就可能产生严重的负面后果。

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们都会通过考试，但是请记住，即使你们现在已经毕业了，你们的学习才刚刚开始。” 多年后，这位老师的姓名已经被淡忘，但她的教诲却深深地刻在记忆中。 Read and translate 1. →译文：He has no longer written to his friends ever since he got a mobile phone. 2.→译文：Even though he is very busy, he spends at least two hours every day surfing the Internet, aiming to know about the latest development in this area / field. 3. →译文：Professor Li made a short speech at the commencement, his words of which were deeply impressed upon my memory. 4. →译文：Talking of the final exams the students were not nervous at all. On their faces was confidence. 5.→译文：To write a short passage of about 100 words within 30 minutes would be a snap to most students in their class. Passage B (P17) 时光如能倒流 四年的学习生涯结束，毕业的那一刻终于到来。不到两个星期我就要毕业了。回首往昔，竟不敢相信时间就这样匆匆逝去。我依然记得第一天去上课时的情景，我一边望着课表背面的地图，一边询问教学楼在哪儿。现在我已是即将毕业的老生，用羡慕的眼光看待大一新生。我每天都祈愿时间会凝滞，让接下来的两周过得更慢一些。许多人迫不及待地等待毕业，我却与他们恰恰相反。我希望时间倒流，让我将大学生活的每一天重新来过。 对我来说，大学生活是非常重要的学习经历，绝大多数学习过程都是在课外学到的。大学第二年对我来说也许是生命中最精彩的一年。正是这一年，我终于让妈妈确信我住校没有问题，她同意了我住校。也正是这一年，我结交了一些终身好友。经历了许多成功与失败使我对自己有了更深的了解。大二生活使我体验了许多新的事物：山地宿营，在报纸上发表一些拙陋的诗歌，在课堂上给老师画漫画。 漫步在熟悉的校园路上，我陷入了深深的反思和对往昔的回忆之中。我多希望能够重头来过，再次扑捉大学生活的快乐和兴奋。一想到就要毕业我的心就惶惶恐恐。从记事起我就一直在读书，我感到还有许多东西想学，可我不得不离开学校毕业了。世界如此之大，可能发生的事情又如此之多。过去的四年我一直

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