基础英语(四)习题
基础英语（四）习题
I. GRAMMAR
Directions: There are 80 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four choices. Choose one word or phrase that you think best completes the sentence.
1. It is necessary that an efficient worker _C___ his work on time.
A. accomplishes
B. can accomplish
C. accomplish
D. will accomplish
2. I know this is the right train. The ticket agent said it would be on __A____.
A. Platform Three
B. the Platform Three
C. Third Platform
D. the Three Platform
3. William is very hardworking, but his pay is not _B____for his work .
A. enough good
B. good enough
C. as good enough
D. good as enough
4. I won’t take Susan’s pen because I don’t like __A___.
A. that pen of hers
B. that her pen
C. her that pen
D. that pen of her
5. I didn’t call the hotel to make a room reservation, but I ___C____.
A. may have
B. must have
C. should have
D. shall have
6. My sister will be here tomorrow, but at first I thought that she __A___today.
A. was coming
B. is coming
C. must come
D. may come
7. Land belongs to the city; there is __D___thing as private ownership of land.
A. no such a
B. not such
C. not such any
D. no such
8. The flats I have looked at so far were too expensive. So I’m better off __B___where I am.
A. stay
B. staying
C. to stay
D. stayed
9. Since the family is moving to a new house, they have to buy __A___ new furniture.
A. a lot of
B. many
C. a few
D. quite a few
10. My son walked ten miles today. We never guessed that he could walk __C__far.
A. \
B. such
C. that
D. as
11．If talks for the new trade agreements take__A__, food industries in both countries will be seriously affected.
A. much too long
B. too much longer
C. too much long
D. much long
12. You and I could hardly understand each other, __C___?
A. could I
B. couldn’t you
C. could we
D. couldn’t we
13. We _B____the visitor with an apartment, but he specifically asked for a single room.
A. could provide
B. could have provided
C. couldn’t provide
D. couldn’t have provided
14. The missile is designed in such a way that once ___A___nothing can be done to retrieve it.
A. fired
B. being fired
C. they fired
D. having fired
15.__B____, he would not have recovered so quickly.
A. Hadn’t he been taken good care of
B. Had he not been taken good care of
C. Hadn’t he been taken good care of
D. Hadn’t he been taken good care of
16. You _C__ a new bicycle, since the one you lost the other day has already been fond.
A. should not buy
B. needn’t buy
C. need not have bought
D. should not have bought
17. It was not until midnight __C___the camping site.
A. that they reached
B. that they did not reach
C. did they reach
D. did they not reach
18. It is predicted that existing reserves of fossil fuel_C___ by 2045.
A. have been run out
B. are going to be run out
C. will have run out
D. have run out
19.Only by increasing its exports drastically _C__from the present trade imbalance。
A. the country can emerge
B. the country might emerge
C. can the country emerge
D. the country has emerge
20. Since the mid-1960s considerable research __D__in embryo transplants in many countries.
A. has carried out
B. was carried out
C. carried out
D. has been carried out
21. If the temperature of the reactor__B___500degrees higher, meltdown would have occurred.
A. was
B. had been
C. was being
D. had
22. The more acid you add to the solution,__D__ the literature review .
A. cloudier
B. the cloudiest
C. more cloudy
D. the cloudier
23. The lecturer said ―It is time you __A__the literature review.‖
A. began
B. should begin
C. begin
D. are beginning
24. After __B_your results, you should make an appointment with your tutor.
A. you receiving
B. you have received
C. you would have received
D. you received
25. You__C__ the experiment twice, not once.
A. have not carried out
B. should not have carried out
C. should have carried out
D. might have carried out
26. It looks __D__ you have made a serious mistake.
A. as
B. if
C. though
D. as though
27._C__the right answer I would have got full marks in the exam.
A. If I would have known
B. If I will know
C. Had I know
D. If I was knowing
28.__B_way you do it, the answer is always the same.
A. However
B. Whichever
C. Whoever
D. Why ever
29.__C_producing methane, the process also produces carbon monoxide.
A. Apart
B. As well
C. Besides
D. In addition
30.He appears ＿A＿some minor problem .
A. to have had
B. having
C. was having
D. had
31.Einstein,＿C＿changed our ways of seeing the universe, did not learn to read until he was ten.
A. Which theories
B. that his theories
C. hose theories
D. who theories
32.It is not so much the language ＿C＿the legal jargons that makes the book difficult to understand.
A. but
B. nor
C. as
D. like
33.The shop has sold many refrigerators of this kind and the rest＿D＿on sale today.
A. is
B. has
C. have
D. are
34.The owner and captain refused to leave＿A＿ship which was sinking.
A. his
B. a
C. their
D. /
35.The petrol station lies within＿B＿of victories farm.
A. Fifteen-minute-drive
B. fifteen minutes drive
C. fifteen minute-drive
D. fifteen minutes drive
36.Some of his answers were correct ,but I don’t remember＿D＿.
A. what one
B. which one
C. what ones
D. which ones
37.This leather purse is too expensive; that one is too cheap. ＿A＿the leather purses is satisfactory.
A. Neither of
B. Both of
C. Either of
D. None of
38.There is ＿B＿man downstairs waiting for you.
A. any
B. some
C. few
D. not
39.Bill＿A＿as Mark.
A. as much as three times
B. runs not so fast
C. doesn’t runs faster
D. runs less fast
40.This CD costs me ＿C＿the one I bought the other day.
A. as much as three times
B. as much money as three time
C. three times as much as
D. three times expensive as
41.Ian studies harder than＿C＿in our class.
A. all
B. everyone
C. anyone
D. any other
42. ＿B＿our dear sister rest in peace.
A. Can
B. May
C. Must
D. Will
43.Nobody saw the CEO at the conference; he＿A＿at it.
A. couldn’t have spoken
B. couldn’t speak
C. mustn’t have spoken
D. shouldn’t have spoken
44.Who ＿B＿it be at the door?
A. may
B. can
C. must
D. need
45. The line is busy; someone＿A＿the telephone.
A. must use
B. can
C. must
D. need
46.If there were no subjunctive mood, English＿A＿much easier.
A. would be
B. could have been
C. will be
D. would have been
47. ＿C＿for his timely help, I could not have completed my project in time.
A. If it was not
B. If it were not
C. Had it not been
D. Were it not
48.I wish I ＿C＿you yesterday.
A. did telephone
B. telephoned
C. had telephone
D. were to telephone
49.How about us ＿B＿a concert at the weekend?
A. to go to
B. going
C. go to
D. to be going to
50. I would appreciate＿A＿to see me in my office.
A. your coming
B. you to come
C. you come
D. you to be coming
51. ＿D＿,the glass would break into pieces.
A. If having handled carelessly
B.TO handle carelessly
C. handling carelessly
D. If handle carelessly
52. The drunkard was found ＿B＿under the bench in the park.
A. to lie dead
B. lying dead
C.lie dead
D. lying died
53．Now Tim regrets＿B＿hard enough while at the university.
A. not to work
B. having not worked
C. .having not worked
D. not have worked
54.Please show me the table ＿B＿.
A. for placing the vase
B. to Place the vase on
C. to Place the vase C. placing the vase on
55.The bed sheets and pillows will want＿A＿,I suppose.
A. washing
B. to wash
C. being washed
D. to have washed
56.The couple feel more comfortable on a place than they would be if they ＿D ＿any other way.
A. are travelling
B. have travelled
C.travel
D. travelled
57.A hundred dollars ＿B＿not buy as much as ＿＿used to.
A. do…they
B. does…it
C. does…that
D. do…it
58.Child ＿D＿she is ,the girl is quite independent.
A. like
B. when
C. for
D. as
59 ＿C＿goes to the seminar will find it really interesting and informative.
A. No matter who
B. Whoever
C. Whomever
D. No matter which
60.If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, ＿A＿great it is.
A. however
B. what
C. how
D. no matter
61.These photos will show you ＿B＿.
A. what does our university look like
B. what our university looks like
C. How does our university look like
D. How our university looks like
62.Go and get your suitcase. It is ＿D＿you left it.
A. when
B. whether
C. how
D. where
63. ＿C＿John won the first prize at the speech contest made the whole class very excited.
A. How
B. What
C. That
D. Whether
64.I guess Patricia will invite ＿A＿you want.
A. whomever
B. whatever
C. whoever
D. whichever
65.Mr.Johnson said that Beijing was the first city＿C＿he had visited in China.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. what
66.Tomorrow will be Monday＿A＿
A. So will it
B. So it will
C. Neither it will
D. Neither will it
67.Neither Tim nor I had ever heard of ,let alone＿D＿such a fascinating book.
A. see
B. to see
C. seeing
D. seen
68.One of her longest＿A＿dreams was to visit her birthplace again.
A. held
B. holding
C. hold
D. being held
69.You must have waited for me for a long time , ＿D＿?
A. mustn’t you
B. needn’t you
C. didn’t you
D. haven’t you
70.—Many of us thought that last night’s play was generally poor.
--I didn’t find＿A＿.
A. it so
B. it
C. it be
D. it is
71.Mr. Clark seldom spends the weekend with his family, ＿C＿?
A. hasn’t he
B. has he
C. does he
D. doesn’t he
72.The shirt made of a new material is quite easy＿A＿.
A. to wash
B. on washing
C. being washed
D. to be washed
73.＿C＿about the food in the restaurant ,but she also refused to pay for her meal.
A. She did not only complain
B. Not only she did complain
C. Not only did she complain
D. She not only did complain
74. The boy kicked the ball＿B＿hard, and it broke the window.
A. very little
B. a little too
C. quite a little
D. too little
76.Do you remember＿C＿to professor Day during his last visit to our department?
A. to be introduced
B. to introduce
C. being introduced
D. introducing
77.-What does your new car look like?
- It is similar in shape＿D＿yours.
A. with
B. like
C. as
D.TO
78.The visitor expressed the hope ＿B＿they would come to the fair again next year.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. when
79.Not until late in the evening＿A＿.
A. did the campers put up their tents
B. the campers put up their tents
C. the campers did put up their tents
D. the campers had put up their tents
80. ＿D＿,his idea was accepted by the participants at the meeting.
A. Weird as might it sound
B. As it might sound weird
C. As it might weird SOUND
D. Weird as It might sound
II．VOCABULARY
Section A
Directions: There are 80 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four choices. Choose the word that you think best completes the sentence.
1. She did her best to stay awake, but the performance was so boring that she just D
to sleep.
A. dropped in
B. dropped out
C. dropped off
D. dropped down
2. Paul was a very lively child, always in C .
A. excellent spirits
B. good spirits
C. high spirits
D. bright spirits
3. Lilly made no attempt to A the problem.
A. tackle
B. try
C. undertake
D. achieve
4. The boy began to cry and tears slowly B down his face.
A. oozed
B. trickled
C. dribbled
D. leaked
5. On January 1st, many people make a New Year D .
A. intention
B. determination
C. dedication
D. resolution
6. In this country it is against the C not to wear seat belts in a car.
A. rule
B. regulation
C. law
D. order
7. Johnny's parents always let him have his own B .
A. will
B. way
C. wish
D. demand
8. Our telephone has been A for a month.
A. out of order
B. out of line
C. out of touch
D. out of place
9. She was extremely C , always ready to agree with other people's
A. mellow
B. moderate
C. adaptable
D. supple
10. The woman tripped over the uneven pavement and D her elbow.
A. distorted
B. dislodged
C. disabled
D. dislocated
11. He knew that he couldn't change anything so he just B himself to the situation.
A. assigned
B. resigned
C. retired
D. kept
12. Game pie was a(n) C of this famous restaurant.
A. singularity
B. particularity
C. speciality
D. originality
13. Mr. Williamson was acting peculiarly and seemed in a funny B .
A. state of affairs
B. state of mind
C. state of grace
D. state of nature
14. The scientists became very excited as they felt they were D of a discovery.
A. on the crest
B. on the surface
C. on the borderline
D. on the brink
15. An C degree was conferred on the distinguished economist.
A. honour
B. honoured
C. honorary
D. honorable
16. Mary is very set in her ways, but her brother has a more D attitude
A. changeable
B. changing
C. variable
D. flexible
17. My passport A last month, so I will have to get a new one.
A. expired
B. ended
C. finished
D. terminated
18. Your room must be B by 12 o'clock, but your luggage may be left with the porter.
A. evacuated
B. vacated
C. deserted
D. abandoned
19. My grandma's condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if she will
D .
A. pull up
B. pull in
C. pull out
D. pull through
20. The purpose of the survey was to B the school inspectors with local
school conditions.
A. inform
B. acquaint
C. instruct
D. notify
21. Sam is being C for his stomachache at the hospital now.
A. cured
B. healed
C. treated
D. operated
22. Because of his poor health, it took him a long time to A his bad cough.
A. throw off
B. throw away
C. throw down
D. throw
23. People under 21 are not B to join the sports club.
A. desirable
B. eligible
C. advisable
D. admissible
24. Though seriously damaged by a fire, the ancient mansion was eventually
C
to its original splendor.
A. repaired
B. renewed
C. restored
D. renovated
25. I cannot bear the noise coming from my neighbour's house; it D
me from my work.
A. distracts
B. annoys
C. interrupts
D. disturbs
26. Vincent cannot B without at least one pack of cigarettes.
A. get on
B. get through
C. get over
D. get by
27. In Scotland, minor cases were C with a jury in the Sheriff courts.
A. tested
B. examined
C. tried
D. considered
28. Lisa Black is A as a Labour candidate in the forthcoming election.
A. standing
B. sitting
C. contending
D. entering
29. Eighteen is the C voting age in our country.
A. competent
B. minimal
C. minimum
D. maximum
30. Cases involving young people under 18 are heard in specially constituted D
courts.
A. junior
B. youth
C. infantile
D. juvenile
31. According to the latest B poll, the Opposition is likely to win the
next General Election.
A. inquiry
B. opinion
C. question
D. impression
32. After three hours, the jury were still unable to reach a unanimous
A .
A. verdict
B. decision
C. judgment
D. conclusion
33. A B survey was conducted among local families to find out the
average amount of expense on their children's education.
A. representation
B. questionnaire
C. referendum
D. question
34. A popular way of keeping fit is to go D which is a kind of slow- to
medium- paced running.
A. trotting
B. sauntering
C. strolling
D. jogging
35. Piles of old books and newspapers B her desk.
A. spread
B. littered
C. heaped
D. scattered
36. Exercising generally begins with standing up straight, C slowly
and then letting your breath out evenly.
A. exhaling C. drawing C. inhaling D. puffing
37. The woman remained depressingly fat B all her efforts to slim.
A. against B despite C. although D.
contrary
38. Many Asian people are of A build while Europeans often have a
heavier frame.
A. slim B slight C. lean D. thin
39. The pupil C a story to explain why he was absent from school.
A. developed B described C. invented D.
outlined
40. There are B that the weather is changing in the region.
A, associations B indications C. comments D.
concerns
41. It is an encouraging sign that people's purchasing power is A the
rise recently.
A. on B in C. at D. with
42. The speaker had no D in himself when facing a large audience.
A. experience B progress C. objection D.
confidence
43. The man drew the curtain and B the painting behind it.
A. projected
B. revealed
C. exposed
D.
brought
44. The football club tried to C the famous player with a generous offer of
money.
A. promote
B. defend
C. tempt
D. force
45. Cindy C some sweets from her bag and insisted they be shared among
her friends.
A. distributed
B. pulled
C. produced
D. drew
46. Not a B has been found so far that can help the police find the
robber.
A. fact
B. clue
C. mark
D. sign
47. She is a teacher D of our great respect.
A. aware
B. confident
C. capable
D. worthy
48. They had A it for granted that they would succeed in their
research.
A. taken
B. made
C. had
D. thought
49. The final cost was considerably higher than the builder's original
D .
A. amount
B. sum
C. account
D. estimate
50. He couldn't tell C from a distance whether it was Sam or his
brother.
A. at large
B. in name
C. for sure
D. in short
51. No matter how much progress we've made in our work, we shouldn't get
A .
A. complacent
B. perfect
C. satisfactory
D.
fortunate
52. The D instrument requires a skilled operator.
A. artificial
B. fashionable
C. difficult
D. intricate
53. We should C all possible ways to create jobs for the unemployed.
A. provide
B. review
C. explore
D. make
54. The coupon B you to a free meal in our new restaurant.
A. confers
B. entitles
C. grants
D. offers
55. The old woman opened the box and emptied the D into a jar.
A. insides
B. interior
C. refills
D.
contents
56. At the weekend, all the local TV channels provide extensive B of
sporting events.
A. view
B. coverage
C. broadcast
D. network
57. In order not to be heard, the woman D that someone was moving
about in the bush.
A. screamed
B. shouted
C. spoke
D.
whispered
58. The appeal to the senses known as D is a common technique in
poetry.
A. imaginative
B. imaginable
C. ingenious
D.
imagery
59. The possibility that the explosion was caused by sabotage cannot be
B .
A. broken out
B. ruled out
C. cancelled out
D. wiped
out
60. The headquarters of this oil company is in London while its
___C____companies are located in different parts of the world.
A. parent
B. inferior
C. subsidiary
D. ultimate
61. Sitting on the table, two small cats were B round the inside of the
empty ham tin.
A. swallowing
B. licking
C. chewing
D.
munching
62. The Renaissance was a(n) C of unparalleled cultural achievement
and had a great impact on almost all European countries.
A. moment
B. dynasty
C. epoch
D. instant
63. Absorbed in her work, she was totally B her surroundings.
A. liable for
B. oblivious of
C. separated by
D. concerned
about
64. The young man has D some brilliant scheme to double his income.
A. come out
B. come to
C. come about
D. come up
with
65. Social A vary greatly from country to country.
A. customs
B. rules
C. habits
D.
regulations
66. He is our best player, and is B to our team.
A. internal
B. integral
C. intelligent
D. insistent
67. The Olympic Games D in 776 B.C. in Olympia, a small town in
Greece.
A. descend
B. stemmed
C. derived
D.
originated
68. As a developing country, we must keep B with the rapid
development of the world economy.
A. motion
B. pace
C. speed
D. step
69. I gave the car a thorough A before buying it.
A. inspection
B. review
C. survey
D.
check-up
70. Sue joined the drama society but didn't seem to C , so she left.
A. fit out
B. fit up
C. fit in
D. fit in with
71. The company A the crisis by obtaining a low-interest loan from
the bank.
A. got round
B. got through
C. got off to
D. got into
72. The lecture was boring and the students could hardly B their
yawns.
A. depress B, suppress C. oppress D. press
73. Please dispose D those old books while you're cleaning up the
完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
英语语法大全下载
英语语法大全 1、所有格：He is Fred's best friend.（-'s） 2、动词现在时的第三人称单数：Alfredo works.（-s） 3、动词过去式：Fred worked.（-ed），但亦有不规则变化。 4、现在分词／进行时态：Fred is working.（-ing）（［注］如果动词的末音节为辅音结尾的闭音节，则须双写末辅音，如running） 5、过去分词：The car was stolen.（-en）；Fred has talked to the police.（-ed），但亦有不规则变化。 6、动名词：Working is good for the soul.（-ing） 7、名词的复数：Fred has two blue eyes.（-s）（［注］如果动词的尾字是s, sh,x,ch，则需加-es，如dishes） 8、形容词的比较级：Fred is smarter than Rick.（-er）形容词末尾加-er，多音节在前面”加more，如"more difficult"。 9、形容词的最高级：Fred has the fastest car.（-est）形容词末尾加-est，多音节词在前面加most，如"the most difficult"。 英语的基本语序为SVO，且基本上不能任意变换语序，除了在少数诗词以外；另一方面，有时英语会使用OSV的语序。（注：S：Subject［主语］；V：Verbal phrase［谓语］；O：Object［宾语］） 英语中所有的词可分成十大类，每一类词在句子中都有其特定的位置和作用。这十大词类是： 一、名词：表示人或事物的名称的词。 二、形容词：表示人或事物的特征的词。 三、副词：修饰动词、形容词和副词的词。 四、代词：是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。 五、数词：表示数量和顺序的词。 六、动词：表示动作和状态的词。 七、冠词：与名词连用，其说明人或事物的作用。 八、介词：通常置于名词和代词之前，表示名词和代词与其他词的关系。 九、连词：连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的词。 十、感叹词：表示说话人感情或语气的词。 英语的时态 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。） 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。 （1）一般现在时
英语语法基础入门
英语基础语法知识（一） 第一节词类和句子成分 一、词类 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词类（parts of speech）。 英语的词通常分为十大类，即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。现分别叙述如下： （一）名词 名词(noun)是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如： foreigner外国人 soap 肥皂Newton牛顿 law 法律freedom自由peace和平 英语名词可分为两大类： < 1。普通名词(common noun)是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如： teacher教师 market市场rice大米 magazine杂志sound声音production生产 2。专有名词(proper noun)是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须 大写。例如： Hemingway海明威 Russia 俄罗斯 New York 纽约 United Nations联合国 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s或-es。例如： shop→shops商店 bus→buses 公共汽车 library→libraries图书馆
toy→toys玩具leaf→leaves树叶 英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如： man→men男人tooth→teeth牙齿datum→data数据 有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则，请参阅有关的英语语法书。 （二）冠词 冠词(article)放在名词之前，帮助说明该名词所指的对象。冠词分为不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种。 不定冠词为a/an，用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物的“一个”。a用在以辅音开头的名词之前，an用在以元音开头的名词之前。例如： a hotel 一家旅馆 a chance 一次机会 a double room一个双人间 a useful book一本有用的书 an exhibition一次展览an honest man一个诚实的人 冠词只有一个，既the，表示某一类人或事物中特定的一个或一些。可用于单数或复数名词前，也可用于不可数名词前。例如： · the TV programs那些电视节目 the house那座房子 the Olympic Games奥运会 （三）代词 代词(pronoun)是用来指代人或事物的词。代词包括： 1。人称代词，如：I, you, they, it等； 2。物主代词，如：my, his, their, our, mine, hers等； 3。反身代词，如：myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, oneself等； 4。相互代词，如：each other, one another等； 5。指示代词，如：this, that, these, those, such, same等；
英语语法大全(完整版)
【学英语必看】 《英语语法手册》 在实用英语备受青睐的现在，大家在学习英语和准备各种考试时，总是把 听说读写放在首位，诚然，学习语言重在实践。但是，请不要忽视语法的作用，特别是在阅读和写作中，他能帮助你分析清楚句子结构，准确抓住句子的要点，更能帮你写出复杂而优美的长句。 以下为你整理《英语语法手册》全集，不需背诵记忆，只要静下心阅读一遍，就能有所收获！ 宝宝更希望你能把他们融在平时的阅读写作里. [英语语法手册]关于词类和句子成分 根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的功用将词分为若干类，叫做词类。一个 句子由各个功用不同的部分所构成，这些部分叫做句子成分。 学一个词，要学它的发音、拼法、意义，也要记它的词类；更重要的是要 了解它和其他词的关系，及其在句中作什么句子成分。如China is in East Asia(中国位于东亚)一句中的China这个单词所属的词类是名词，在句子中作主语。 词类(parts of speech) 英语的词通常分为十大类： 1）名词(noun，缩写为n.)是人和事物的名称，如pen(钢笔)，English(英语)，life(生活)。 2)代词(pronoun，缩写为pron.)是用来代替名词的词，如we(我们)，his(他的)，all(全部)。 3)形容词(adjective，缩写为adj.)用来修饰名词，如great(伟大的)，honest(诚实的)，difficult(困难的)。 4)数词(numeral，缩写为num.)是表示"多少"和"第几"的词，如four(四)，eighteen(十八)，first(第一)，eighth(十八)，hundred(一百)。
小学人教版英语语法大全
小学英语语法大全 第一章名词 一、定义 名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西，也可以是表示抽象的东西。 二、分类 1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词 如：john is a student student是普通名词，john是专有名词 普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词，专有名词前一般不加冠词，专有名词的首字母要大写。 2. 普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。 3. 专有名词 专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词，多为独一无二的事物。 三、名词的数 1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词——可以数的名词 不可数名词——数不清（没有复数） drink?milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridge food?rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings 2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式，不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用，没有复数形式 many+可数名词复数 much/a little+不可数名词 some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。 3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰 不可数名词数词 +量词 +of + 名词 对可数名词的数量提问用how many 对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much 4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法： 1） some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。 注意既可以与可数名词复数，又可以与不可数名词连用的有：plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。 如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。
初中英语语法大全：英语五个基本句型
初中英语语法大全：英语五个基本句型1简单句、并列句、复合句 根据语法形式，即句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 1简单句 句型：主语+谓语 只包含一个主谓结构，而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。简单句有五种基本句型，详见第十七章。 They are playing baseball in the garden. 他们正在公园里打棒球。 Her brother and sister both are teachers. 她的哥哥和姐姐都是老师。 2并列句 句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句 （常见的并列连词有and，but，or） 并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。 My friend was at home，and we talked for along time. 我的朋友在家，我们谈了好长时间。 Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher.
她父亲是个医生，她母亲是个老师。I liked the story very much but Li Ming wasn't interested in it.我非常喜欢这个故事，可是李明却对它不感兴趣。 Hurry up，or you'll be late. 快点，否则你就会迟到的。 3复合句 句型：主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句（包含一个主句、一个或一个以上的从句，或只包含一个从句，但有两个或两个以上的主句的句子叫复合句。） 句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分： 1主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in No.1 Middle School.（讲述“谁”～） 我们在一中学习。 The classroom is very clean. （讲述“什么”很干净） 这间教室很干净。 Three were absent.（数词作主语）
英语语法基础知识大全.doc
v1.0可编辑可修改 英语语法基础知识大全 第一节词类和句子成分 一、词类 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词 类（ parts of speech）。 英语的词通常分为十大类，即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词 和感叹词。现分别叙述如下： （一）名词 名词 (noun) 是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如： foreigner 外国人 soap肥皂Newton 牛顿 law法律freedom 自由peace 和平 英语名词可分为两大类： 1。普通名词 (common noun) 是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如： teacher 教师market 市场 rice大米 magazine 杂志sound 声音 production生产 2。专有名词 (proper noun) 是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须 大写。例如： Hemingway 海明威Russia俄罗斯 New York 纽约United Nations联合国 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun) 与不可数名词 (uncountable noun) 两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s 或 -es 。例如：shop→shops 商店bus→buses 公共汽车library→libraries图书馆 toy →toys玩具leaf →leaves树叶 英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如： man→men 男人 tooth →teeth牙齿datum→data数据 有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则，请参阅有关的英语语法书。 （二）冠词
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小学英语语法入门（一） 接数字要大写首字母的单词 有些单词接数字时必须大写首字母，并且数字的首字母也要大写，这样的单词有lesson、grade、class、team、row、number等。如Lesson One第一课，Class Two, Grade Three三年级二班，Team Four第四组，Number Five第五号。但是它们不接数字时不大写首字母。 Be动词的一般用法 be动词包括am、is、are,其用法如下： 1. am只用于I的后面，如：I am a girl. I am ten. 2. is只用于she/he/it或其他单数第三人称后面，如： It is a big apple. A girl is in a bus.(a girl 一个女孩，单独一个人是单数第三人称) Mike is in Team Three.(Mike一个人名是单数第三人称) An apple is in a box.(an apple一个苹果，一个东西是单数第三人称) A book is in a desk.(a book 一本书，也是单数第三人称) 3. are只用于you、we、they或复数人称后面。如： You are Number Thirteen. They are in Grade Nine. We are at home. Mike and a girl are in a bus. (Mike and a girl Mike和一个女孩两个人是复数人称) Six boys are in Team Six.（Six boys六个男孩，多于两个人也是复数人称） A book and a box are on a desk.（A book and a box一本书和一个盒子，两个物是复数人称） Three pencils are in the pencil-box.（Three pencils三支铅笔，多于两个物也是复数人称） 如何变一般疑问句（一） 1. 提前原句中的be动词is、are，Be动词首字母要大写，原句首字母恢复小写，照抄剩余部分，然后加问号。 e.g. 1. Tom is in Grade One. Is Tom in Grade One? Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. 2. This is an egg. Is this an egg? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.(an egg是物，所以用it来回答) 3. That is Rose. Is that Rose? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.（Rose是女孩，所以用she回答）
英语语法大全(完全版)
语法 1．5种类型的谓语 1326 在一个完整的句子中，主语之外的部分称为谓语，共有5种类型的谓语。 第一类包含一个不及物动词（Ⅳ）： He came． My wife cried． 第二类包含一个及物动词及其宾语（TV＋O）： John likes me． His uncle wrote letters． 第三类包含一个双宾动词、一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语（DV+IO+DO）： They teach me English． I bought Mary sugar． 第四类包含一个系动词及主语补语（LV＋C）： He is a teacher． She looks sad． 第五类包含一个宾补动词、宾语及宾语补语（FV＋O＋C）： We made him king． She left the house dirty． 1．基本成分
1302根据其结构，句子可以分为5类： a．主语＋不及物动词 John came． （S）（IV） b．主语＋及物动词＋宾语 John likes oranges． （S）（TV）（O）c．主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 John gave Mary books． （S）（DV） （IO）（DO） d．主语＋系动词＋主语补语 John is happy． （S）（LV）（SC）e．主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语 John makes Mary angry． （S）（FV）（O）（OC） 主语、不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。在上面的句子中，如把任何一个成分删除，都会成为病句。从上面例句也可看出，完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分。 2．附属成分
(完整word版)英语语法基础入门
英语基础语法知识 第一节词类和句子成分 一、词类 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词类（parts of speech）。 英语的词通常分为十大类，即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。现分别叙述如下： （一）名词 名词(noun)是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如： foreigner外国人soap 肥皂Newton牛顿 law 法律freedom自由peace和 平 英语名词可分为两大类： 1。普通名词(common noun)是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如： teacher教师market市场rice大 米 magazine杂志sound声音production生产 2。专有名词(proper noun)是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须 大写。例如： Hemingway海明威Russia 俄罗斯 New York 纽约United Nations联合国 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s或-es。例如：
shop→shops商店bus→buses 公共汽车library→libraries图书馆 toy→toys玩具leaf→leaves树叶 英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如： man→men男人tooth→teeth牙齿datum→data数据 有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则，请参阅有关的英语语法书。 （二）冠词 冠词(article)放在名词之前，帮助说明该名词所指的对象。冠词分为不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种。 不定冠词为a/an，用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物的“一个”。a用在以辅音开头的名词之前，an用在以元音开头的名词之前。例如： a hotel 一家旅馆 a chance 一次机会 a double room一个双人间 a useful book一本有用的书 an exhibition一次展览an honest man一个诚实的人 冠词只有一个，既the，表示某一类人或事物中特定的一个或一些。可用于单数或复数名词前，也可用于不可数名词前。例如： the TV programs那些电视节目the house那座房子 the Olympic Games奥运会 （三）代词 代词(pronoun)是用来指代人或事物的词。代词包括： 1。人称代词，如：I, you, they, it等； 2。物主代词，如：my, his, their, our, mine, hers等； 3。反身代词，如：myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, oneself等； 4。相互代词，如：each other, one another等； 5。指示代词，如：this, that, these, those, such, same等；
初中英语语法入门基础知识
初中英语语法入门基础 知识 公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-
语法基础知识 词法 规则名词单数变复数： 1)一般情况下，在名词后加-s; 2)词尾是s,x,ch,sh结尾的词，在词尾后加-es; 3)“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i，再加-es;以y结尾的专有名词或“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接加-s; 4)以“+o”结尾的词，一般在词尾加-s;在词尾加-es的词： 黑人（Negro）英雄（hero）爱吃西红柿（tomato）土豆（potato） 5)以-f/fe结尾的词，变复数，将-f/fe改为v加es; 不规则名词单数变复数： 1）含 man（男人）的词一般变为 men 2）将 oo 改为 ee 的有foot-feet（脚）tooth-teeth（牙刷goose-geese(鹅肉笨蛋) 3）以 en结尾的有 child-childen（孩子） ox-oxen（公牛） 4）将 ouse 改为 ice 的 mouse-mice（老鼠） 5）单复数同形的是 sheep（羊）deer（鹿）Chinese（中国人） 注：fish ①作“鱼肉”讲，为不可数名词，没有复数形式 ②作“鱼类”讲，复数形式为fishes； ③作“鱼的条数”讲，复数形式为fish，单复同形。 冠词
冠词通常放在名词前，分为定冠词the，表特指，和不定冠词an（后接元音音素开头的单词）和a（后接辅音音素开头的单词），表泛指。 定冠词使用顺口溜： 特指、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾； 海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山； 方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关； 船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊； 姓氏复数、国全名，请你记住用定冠； 零冠词 月，季，星期，节假、周、头衔、职务前、三餐、球类、惯用语、学科、棋类名词前，一般不用任何冠词。 基数词变序数词歌 基变序，有规律 词尾加上-th(fourth,sixth) 一、二、三，特殊例， 结尾字母t,d,d(first,second,third) 八去t,九去e,(eighth,ninth) ve要用 f替;(fifth,twelfth) ty将y改成i, th前面有个e。 若是碰到几十几， 前用基来后用序。 人称代词，物主代词和反身代词
初中英语语法基础知识汇总
初中英语语法基础知识汇总(1) 英语语法基础知识词类-名词Noun 名词（Noun．-n．） 第一部分：名词基础知识 定义：人、地、物、事或观念等名称叫做名词。 人：Edison（爱迪生），Helen（海伦），Mr．Wang（王先生） 地：Asia（亚洲），China（中国），New York（纽约） 物：book（书），dog（狗），tree（树），water（水） 事或观念：work（工作），music（音乐），truth（真理） 注： 1．如人名、地名、国名等属于该名称持有者专用的名称，其第一字母必须大写，如E dison，New York，China。 2．名词亦有可数和不可数之分，如果是可数的就有单数和复数的区别。所谓复数就是多于一个的意思，通常是在单数名词的词尾加“-s，es，ies，…”以示其为复数。例如： a book（一本书）two books（两本书） one boy（一个男孩）some boys（一些男孩） one girl（一个女孩）many girls（许多女孩） 名词在句子中的主要功能如下： （1）作句子的主语，例： Miss Lin is our English teacher． （林小姐是我们的英语老师。） （2）作句子的主语补语或宾语补语，例： John and Tom are good friends． （约翰和汤姆是好朋友。—主语补语） I call my puppy “Luck”． （我叫我的小狗“来福”。—宾语补语）
（3）作及物动词的直接宾语，例： Can you ride a bicycle?（你会骑自行车吗？） （4）作介词的宾语，例： You can go by taxi．（你可以乘出租车去。） 第二部分：名词单复数-单数变复数 一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。 读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。 例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces 二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。 读音变化：统一加读[iz]。 例：bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes 三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。 读音变化：加读[z]。 例：candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories 四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。 读音变化：加读[z]。 例：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes 反例：silo→silos; piano→pianos（外来词）; photo→photos; macro→macros（缩写词）五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。 读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。 例：knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves 反例：roof→roofs 还有一些不规则变化，请参照中学英语频道相关文章。 第三部分：名词所有格 A. 's用在单数名词以及不以s结尾的复数名词之后： a man's jo b 男人的活儿
英语语法基础知识适合入门基础者
第一章词类和句子成分 第一节词类 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词类（parts of speech）。英语的词通常分为十大类，即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。 一、名词 名词(noun)是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如： foreigner外国人soap肥皂Newton牛顿 law法律 freedom自由peace和平 英语名词可分为两大类： 1、普通名词(common noun)是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如： teacher教师market市场rice大米 magazine杂志 sound 声音production生产
2、专有名词(proper noun)是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。例如： Hemingway海明威Russia俄罗斯 New York纽约United Nations联合国 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s或-es。例如： shop→shops商店 bus→buses公共汽车 library→libraries图书馆 toy→toys玩具leaf→leaves树叶 英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如： man→men男人 tooth→teeth牙齿 datum→data数据 二、冠词 冠词(article)放在名词之前，帮助说明该名词所指的对象。冠词分为不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种。 不定冠词为a/an，用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物的“一个”。a 用在以辅音开头的名词之前，an用在以元音开头的名词之前。例如：
eirlrck英语-语法基础知识
^ | You have to believe, there is a way. The ancients said:" the kingdom of heaven is trying to enter". Only when the reluctant step by step to go to it 's time, must be managed to get one step down, only have struggled to achieve it. -- Guo Ge Tech 英语语法基础知识 第1课： 1、be（是）动词的用法：am接I；is接第三人称单数，即除you、I外；are接表示多个人或事物，即复数。（我是am，你是are，is连接它、她、他，单数is，复数are）。 2、not是表示否定的词：不是的表达，am not，is not（isn’t），are not（aren’t）。 3、“一个”和“几个”的问题：“一个”是a+名词；“多个”是名词后面加s。 4、以元音开头（如O、E等），前面的冠词用an。 第2课： 1、及物动词与不及物动词的区别：及物动词后面接宾语；而不及物动词后面不接宾语。如I like ice cream ，It hurts。 2、主语是he、she、it和单数名词时，动词要发生第三人称的变化，即加s。 3、否定的用法：在动词之前加do not或does not。I、You和复数名词做主语时，否定就用do not；凡是单数名称和he、she、it做主语，否定就用does not。 第3课 1、my（我的）、your（你的）、his（他的）、her（她的）、their（他们的）、our（我们的）、its（它的）+名词，如my love，your love 。 2、名词所有格形式为：名词+’s，表示“……的”，如Sophie’s world，children’s Day，Japan’s tomorrow。 3、用名词+of+名词，一般用在无生命的名词上，表示“……的’’，如The sound of music （音乐之声）。 第4课 1、“have”和“there be”翻译成汉语都可以用一个“有”字来表示，但have是指主观的“所有、拥有”，而there be则是指客观的“存在，某处有某物”。 2、There be的单复数变化与be的变化规则相同，取决于后面所接的主语。主语为单数，就变成there is，主语是复数，就变成there are。 3、“have”在第三人称单数时变成“has”。 4、“there be”的否定形式在be后加not，对于have通常直接在它的宾语前加“no”，表示“没有”的意思。 第5课 1、一般疑问句概念：是可以用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句。 2、一般疑问句的结构模式：助动词+陈述句形式+？
基础英语语法大全_附练习题
Contents 第一章名词 1.名词的数 2.名词的格 第二章代词 1.人称代词 2.物主代词 第三章冠词与数词 1.冠词 2.数词 第四章一般现在时态第五章现在进行时态第六章句型 1．陈述句 2．疑问句
3．祈使句 4．There be 句型与have\ has 第七章总结考试 第一章名词（Noun） 名词的概念 在生活中，我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物，用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词。 一、名词的数 名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示“一个”时用单数，“两个以上”时用复数；不可数名词表示量时，通常用“数词+单位+of+物质名词”的形式，如a piece of bread (一片面包)，变为复数时，只须将单位名词变为复数，如：two pieces of bread(两片面包)。 *名词复数的构成法则 1. 一般情况下在词尾加 s. 词尾读音 shop --- shops (商店) 在清辅音后读[ s ] bag --- bags (书包) 在浊辅音后读[ z ] window --- windows (窗户) 在元音后读[ z ] 2. 以s, x, sh, ch 结尾的单词在词尾加es。 class --- classes (班级) 词尾读音[ iz ]
box --- boxes (盒子) match --- matches (比赛) brush --- brushes (刷子) 3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i 加es. story --- stories (故事) 词尾读音[ iz ] 4. 以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，在词尾直接加s key --- keys 词尾读音[ z ] monkey --- monkeys 5.以“o”结尾的名词，复数一般在词尾加“s”, 但个别加“es” tomato --- tomatoes (西红柿) 词尾读音[ z ] potato --- potatoes (土豆) zoo --- zoos (动物园) photo --- photos (照片) *（以“o”结尾，复数加“es”）口诀： 黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)，左手拿着西红柿(tomato)，右手拿着破土豆(potato)， 头顶一个大芒果（mango）。 6. 以f或fe 结尾的词，多数变f或fe 为ves. leaf --- leaves (树叶) 词尾读音[ vz ] knife --- knives ( 小刀)
初中英语语法入门基础知识
语法基础知识 词法 规则名词单数变复数： 1)一般情况下，在名词后加-s; 2)词尾是s,x,ch,sh结尾的词，在词尾后加-es; 3)“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i，再加-es;以y结尾的专有名词或“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接加-s; 4)以“+o”结尾的词，一般在词尾加-s;在词尾加-es的词： 黑人（Negro）英雄（hero）爱吃西红柿（tomato）土豆（potato） 5)以-f/fe结尾的词，变复数，将-f/fe改为v加es; 不规则名词单数变复数： 1）含man（男人）的词一般变为men 2）将oo 改为ee 的有foot-feet（脚）tooth-teeth（牙刷goose-geese(鹅肉笨蛋) 3）以en结尾的有child-childen（孩子）ox-oxen（公牛） 4）将ouse 改为ice 的mouse-mice（老鼠） 5）单复数同形的是sheep（羊）deer（鹿）Chinese（中国人） 注：fish ①作“鱼肉”讲，为不可数名词，没有复数形式 ②作“鱼类”讲，复数形式为fishes； ③作“鱼的条数”讲，复数形式为fish，单复同形。 冠词 冠词通常放在名词前，分为定冠词the，表特指，和不定冠词an（后接元音音素开头的单词）和a（后接辅音音素开头的单词），表泛指。 定冠词使用顺口溜： 特指、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾； 海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山；
方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关； 船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊； 姓氏复数、国全名，请你记住用定冠； 零冠词 月，季，星期，节假、周、头衔、职务前、三餐、球类、惯用语、学科、棋类名词前，一般不用任何冠词。 基数词变序数词歌 基变序，有规律 词尾加上-th(fourth,sixth) 一、二、三，特殊例， 结尾字母t,d,d(first,second,third) 八去t,九去e,(eighth,ninth) ve要用f替;(fifth,twelfth) ty将y改成i, th前面有个e。 若是碰到几十几， 前用基来后用序。 人称代词，物主代词和反身代词 我你她他它我们你们他们 人称代词主 格 I you she he it we you they 宾 格 me you her him it us you them 物主代词形 容 词 性 my your her his its our your their 名 词 性 mine yours hers his its ours yours theirs 反身代myself yourself herself himself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
英语语法大全.PDF
【学英语必看】《英语语法手册》（全） 在实用英语备受青睐的现在，大家在学习英语和准备各种考试时，总是把听说读写放在首位，诚然，学习语言重在实践。但是，请不要忽视语法的作用，特别是在阅读和写作中，他能帮助你分析清楚句子结构，准确抓住句子的要点，更能帮你写出复杂而优美的长句。 以下为你整理《英语语法手册》全集，不需背诵记忆，只要静下心阅读一遍，就能有所收获！ 宝宝更希望你能把他们融在平时的阅读写作里. [英语语法手册]关于词类和句子成分 根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的功用将词分为若干类，叫做词类。一个句子由各个功用不同的部分所构成，这些部分叫做句子成分。 学一个词，要学它的发音、拼法、意义，也要记它的词类；更重要的是要了解它和其他词的关系，及其在句中作什么句子成分。如China is in East Asia(中国位于东亚)一句中的China这个单词所属的词类是名词，在句子中作主语。 词类(parts of speech) 英语的词通常分为十大类： 1）名词(noun，缩写为n.)是人和事物的名称，如pen(钢笔)，English(英语)，life(生活)。 2)代词(pronoun，缩写为pron.)是用来代替名词的词，如we(我们)，his(他的)，all(全部)。 3)形容词(adjective，缩写为adj.)用来修饰名词，如great(伟大的)，honest(诚实的)，difficult(困难的)。 4)数词(numeral，缩写为num.)是表示"多少"和"第几"的词，如four(四)，eighteen(十八)，first(第一)，eighth(十八)，hundred(一百)。 5)动词(verb，缩写为v)表示动作和状态，如write(写)，walk(行走)，think(想)。 6)副词(adverb，缩写为。adv.)是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词，如quickly(快)，often(经常)，very(很)。 7)冠词(article，缩写为art.)说明名词所指的人或物的词，如a，an(一个)，the(这，那)。 8)介词(preposition，缩写为prep.)表示名词(或代词)与句子里其它词的关系，如from(从)，in(在…内)，between(在…之间)。 9)连词(conjunction，缩写为conj.)是连接词、短语、从句和句子的词，如and(和)，because(因为)，if(假如)。 10)感叹词(interjection，缩写为int.)表示感情，如。oh(噢)，aha(啊哈)，hush(嘘)。 [注一]属于前六类(名、代、形、数、动、副等词)的词都有实义，叫做实词(notional word)。属于后四类（冠、介、连、感等词）的词没有实义，叫做