近三年南充中考英语考点

2011—2013年南充中考英语语法部分考点分类

考点一：冠词a/an/the

冠词一般位于所限定的名词前，用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式，即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，如a book;an用在以元音音素开头的字母前，如an apple. a或an与可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或某物中的一个。eg：This is a cat.

the既可以用在可数名词前，也可以用在不可数名词前，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。eg: Who's the boy in the hat?

考点二：either、neither与both的用法区别

either指两者中的任意一个（与or连用）; neither指两者中没有一个，全否定（与nor连用）; both两者都（与and 连用）;both...and...连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Both she and I are going to do the cleaning。either...or...与neither...nor...连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与毗邻的主语在人称、数上保持一致。

如：Either you or I am wrong。Neither her father nor her mother is a teacher她的父亲和母亲都不是老师。

考点三：短语词组

1. a bit (of) 有一点儿3. a group of 一群4. a kind of 一种; 一类5. a lot of (lots of) 许多6. a pair of 一双; 一副7. a piece of "一(块,张,片,件)"8. according to 按照;根据9. after all "终究, 毕竟"16. all the time 一直17. all the way 一路上19. apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉20. arrive at / in a place 到达某地21. as well 也;又2

2. ask for 请求; 寻求2

3. at breakfast /lunch /supper 早/午/晚餐时2

4.at first / last 起先;开始的时候/ 最后；终于26. at least / most 至少/ 至多27. at once 立刻;马上28. at present "现在, 目前"30. at the moment "此刻,目前; 那时,当时31. at the same time 同时32. at work 在工作33. at/on weekends 在周末34. be able to 能够(有能力)3

5. be afraid of 害怕3

6. be angry with sb. 生某人的气3

7. be bad for 有害于3

8. be born 出生于3

9. be busy with / doing sth. 忙于做某事40. be careful with 小心41. be covered with 被……覆盖42. be different from 与……不同43. be familiar to 对……熟悉44. be famous for 以……而著名46. be full of 充满47. be good / poor at 善长于/ 对……比较差48. be interested in 对……感兴趣50. be late for …...迟到51. be located (in/on/at) 位于52. be made of 由……制成53. be made up of 由……组成55. be pleased with 对……满意56. be proud of 为……而感到自豪57. be ready for 为……作准备58. be surprised at 对…...感到惊奇60. be used to 习惯于61. be worried about 为……而担心62. because of 由于63. belong to 属于64. break into "闯入, 破门而入"66. by bus 乘公共汽车67. by oneself 亲自69. by the way 顺便说;顺便问一下70. call on 拜访71. care for 照顾; 喜欢74. change one's mind 改变主意77. come from 出生于;来自78. come on 快;走吧;跟我来79. come to an end 结束80. come to know 知道81. come to life 苏醒82. come true 实现83. communicate with 与……交流84. compare with 与……比较86. cut down 砍倒87. deal with 处理88. depend on "依靠,依赖"89. die of 因……病而死90. do one's best 尽最大努93. do with "处置, 处理"94. dream of 梦见95. dress up 穿着打扮96. each other 互相97. eat up "吃光"98. enjoy oneself 过得愉快100. fall off 从…...跌落101. far away (from) (离)遥远102. fill in "填充, 填写"106. for example 例如107. for the first time 第一次110. from now on 从此以后; 今后112. get along / on (with) 进展；与…...相处116. get off 下车117. get on 上车118. get ready for 为……作准备120. get tired of 对……感到厌倦121. get to 到达122. get up 起床123. give back 归还;送回124. give out 分发125. give sb. a hand 助某人一臂之力126. give up 放弃127. go ahead 先走;向前走;去吧;干吧129. go for a swim 去游泳130. go home 回家132. go on 继续134. go on a picnic 去野餐135. go on with / doing sth. 继续做某事137. go over 复习;仔细地再读一遍140. go to bed 就寝142. go to school 上学144. go to the cinema / movie(s) 去看电影146. go wrong 出错147. grow up 成年;长大148. had better 最好还是;还是……好149. hand in 上交152. have to 不得不154. have a good time 玩得很愉快;过得很愉快155. have breakfast 吃早餐159. hear from 收到……来信160. hear of 听说161. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事162. here and there 到处163. hold a meeting 举行会议164. hold on 等一等(别挂电话) 168. hurry off 匆忙离开169. in a hurry 匆忙170. in a minute 一会儿171. in addition 另外172. in all 总共173. in charge of "主管,负责"174. in English 用英语175. in fact 事实上;实际上176. in front of 在……前面177. in hospital 住院180. in one's fifties 在某人五十多岁时181. in one's opinion 根据某人看法182. in order to 为了183. in return 作为回报185. in the end 最后;终于186. in the future 在将来187. in the middle of 在……中间189. in this way 这样190. in time 及时191. in trouble 处于困境中192. instead of 代替;而不是193. join in 参加;加入195. just now 现在;刚才196. keep doing sth. 继续做某事199. keep in touch (with) (与……)保持联系201. keep quiet 保持安静205. laugh at 嘲笑207. learn…from 向……学习209. leave a message 留个口信211. less / more than 少于/ 多于214. listen to 听……(讲话)215. live on 靠……为生216. look after 照料;照顾217. look at 看;观看218. look for 寻找219. look forward to 期待着220. look like 看上去象;显得221. look

out of 从……朝外看222. look up 查寻; 抬头看223. lose one's way 迷路224. lose weight 减肥226. make a fire 生火227. make a living 谋生230. make friends with 与……交朋友232. make money 挣钱;赚钱233. make the bed 整理床铺235. make progress 取得进步236. make up one's mind 下决心237. meet the needs of 满足……的需要239. next to 紧挨着;紧靠着240. no longer / not …any longer 不再241. not…at all "(用来加强语气)一点也不,根本不"243. of course 当然246. on foot 步行;走路247. on holiday 在休假248. on one's side 在某人一边249. on show 在展出250. on the other hand 另一方面251. on the phone 在听电话252. on the right 在右边253. on the/one's way (to) 在去……的路上254. on time 准时255. on weekdays 在工作日256. once a day 每天一次258. once more 再次259. one after another "一个接一个,连续地"263. out of date 过时265. over there 在那边266. pay for 付…...钱; 买267. pick out 挑选出268. pick up 拾起271. plenty of 许多275. prefer…to (比起……来)更喜欢277. protect…from 保护……免受279. put off 延期280. put on 穿; 戴上;上演281. put out 伸出; 扑灭282. put up 举起; 挂起284. right now "立刻,马上"286. run away 逃跑287. save one's life 挽救某人生命288. search for 搜寻; 搜查289. see…off为……送行290. sell out 售完291. set off / out "出发, 起程"292. set up 建立;设立293. shake hands with 与……握手294. share…with 与……分享304. such as 例如308. take away 拿走309. take care of 照料312. take in "吸入, 吸收"313. take it easy 别紧张314. take notes 记笔记315. take off 脱掉(衣物等); 起飞317. take out 取出318. take part in 参加319. take place 发生; 举行320. take the place of 取代321. take up 开始从事323. talk to / with sb 与某人谈话325. the same…as 与……同样327. think about 考虑(做某事的可行性)328. think of 想起; 想到330. throw away 扔掉332. to one's joy / surprise 使某人高兴/ 惊奇的是333. too…to 太……以至不能334. try on 试穿335. turn down (把音量)调低337. turn off "关掉(电灯,电视,收音机等)"338. turn on "开,旋开(电灯,电视,收音机等)"339. turn out "结果是, 证明是"342. used to 过去常常343. wait for 等候; 等待344. wake up 醒来; 叫醒348. with pleasure 愉快地349. with the help of 在……的帮助下350. work out 做出; 算出; 制定出353. would rather "宁愿, 宁可"354. write down 写下;记下

考点四：比较级、最高级

表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。例如：This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。Your room is the same size as mine.你的房间和我的一样大。

倍数+ as + adj. + as相当于倍数+ the …+ of。例如：This bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。This bridge is three times the length of that one.

考点五：某些动词后跟不定式与动名词形式区别

1、stop to do sth. 停止下来，去做另一件事。stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事。

2、forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事forget doing sth. 忘记已经做了某事。

3、remember to do sth. 记得去做某事remember doing sth. 记得做过某事

考点六：定语从句

概念：在复合句中，用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对先行词起修饰限定作用。

定语从句的引导词有关系代词that, which, who (whom, whose)和关系副词where, when, why两种，关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又在定语从句中充当一定成分。

关系代词引导的定语从句：①如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who (whom, whose) 和that。The man whom / that you saw last week has left the town. (whom / that在从句中作宾语)②如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词时，则用which或that。如：Guilin is a city which / that has a history of 2000 years. (从句子中作主语) 4.关系代词引导定语从句应该注意的几个方面：①关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。e.g.The man who lives downstairs speaks English well.住在楼下的那个人英语说得很好。②当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，往往可以省略。如：This is the book (which) you are looking for.

考点七：现在完成时态

1、构成：have / has+过去分词，构成疑问句时，可将其提前；构成否定句时，可直接在其后加not。

2、用法：（1）已完成用法(影响性用法)：该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成，并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果。如：I have finished my work. 我的工作做完了。

（2）未完成用法(持续性用法)：该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)。如：She has been a teacher for 20 years.

3、现在完成时通常连用的副词有already, never, ever, just, before, recently等。如： We have finished our work already.

4、since与现在完成时的关系：since不管用作介词、连词还是副词，句子(主句)谓语通常都用现在完成时。

如：I haven’t seen her since last week. 自上周以来我一直未见过她。

5、have been to 和have gone to的用法区别：She has been to Europe twice. She has gone to Europe.

考点八：感叹句

1. 由what引出的感叹句: 基本结构: what+a [an]+形容词+名词+主语+谓语：What a clever boy he is!

若其中的名词为复数或不可数名词，则不用不定冠词：What beautiful floweres they are! 这些花多么漂亮呀！

该结构中的形容词不能是表数量的many, much, little, few，遇此情况要用how，即使它们后面跟有名词：

How few friends he has! 他的朋友真少！

2. 由how引出的感叹句基本结构是“how+形容词或副词+主语+谓语”： How beautiful the girl is! 这个女孩真美！

考点九：宾语从句

在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律是用“连接词＋陈述句语序”，其标点符号由主句来决定。

考点十：as/ because/ for/ since

Ⅰ. 这三个词都可以用作连词，表“原因、理由”但有区别：

Ⅱ. as “因为、既然”表示的原因或理由是明显的。语意不如because强。当理由是明显的，或者被认为是已知的时，则以用as 为好。如As he was not well, I decided to go without him. 因为他身体不好，我决定独自去了。Ⅲ. because “因为”表直接而明确的原因或理由。即必然的困果关系。在这几个词中，它的语意最强。回答以why 引导的特殊疑问句时，只能用because . 注意：because 不可以与so 连用。如：He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.昨天他只得呆在家里，因为他病了。

Ⅳ. since“既然”比as 较为正式，说明为人所知的原因。语气比because 稍弱。

Since he can’t answer the question, you’d better ask someone.既然他回答不了这个问题，你最好问别人吧。

Ⅴ. for “因为”表原因或理由时，用以说明理由，只是解释性的。在这几个词中，它的语意最弱。

It must have rained, for the road is wet. I must go now, for my sister is waiting for me.

考点十一：被动语态

被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught 一般过去时：was／were＋taught一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught

现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught过去进行时：have／has been＋taught现在完成时：have／has been＋taught

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days.

You ought to take it away. It ought to be taken away.

考点十二：情态动词

情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。We can be there on time tomorrow.

情态动词数量不多,主要有下列: can (could), may (might), must,mustn't , need, ought to, shall (should), will (would) .

情态动词的位置:情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。He must have been away.他一定走了。What can I do for you?你要什么？

情态动词的特点:情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加"not"。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。He could be here soon.他很快就来。We can't carry the heavy box.我们搬不动那箱子。

情态动词的用法: can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及客观条件许可,could 为can 的过去式。Can you pass me the books?

may (might) 可以, 表示说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可。

You may take the book home.你可以把书带回家去. May I come in?我可以进来吗?

might 是may 的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气, 使语气更加委婉, 客气或对可能性的怀疑。He told me he might be here on time.他说他能按时间来。

Must 必须,应该,一定,准是, 表示说话人认为有必要做某事, 命令, 要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用have to 的过去式代替。

I must finish my work today.我今天必须完成我的工作。You mustn't work all the time.你不能老是工作。

must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。He must have told my parents about it.

回答must 提问：（1）肯定回答：Yes,----must.（2）否定回答：No,-- needn't.

考点十三：日常用语

1. 问候Greetings

[注]回答对方只是对自己某一方面时，用“Thank you. ”而共有的节日要用“The same to you. ”

考点十四：数词

1．基数词

1）基数词表示数量。13~19的基数词都以-teen结尾，如：thirteen，nineteen等。20~90十位数的整数都以-ty结尾，如：twenty，ninety等。

2）表示两位数词时，十位与个位之间要加连字符。三位以上的数词，在百位数与后两位数之间，要用and连接。如：

four hundred and ninety-seven。注意，千位数与百位数之间用逗号分开，如：five thousand，three hundred and twenty。3）在表示一个具体的数目时，hundred，thousand，million都要用单数形式。如：several hundred，two thousand，ten million等。在表示大概数目时，则用hundreds of，thousands of，millions of。

4）数词与其他词构成复合形容词时，其中的名词要用单数形式。如：an eight-cent-stamp，a three-month-old baby。2．序数词

序数词前要加定冠词the, 在句中作定语放在所修饰的名词前。如：December is the twelfth month of the year. 3．分数：表示分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母须用复数形式。如：1/2上读作one half或a half, 1/4读作one fourth或a quarter，2/3读作two-thirds, 3 2/5读作three and two-fifths。

考点十五：“how+ ”提问

1. 对程度提问用how 。如；They like China very much . ---How do they like China ?

2. 对方式方法提问用how。如：I often go to school by motorbike .----How do you often go to school ?

3. 对天气和身体状况提问用 how。如：It is sunny today .----How is it today?

4.对单位时间的频率提问用how often 。如：We go home once a week .----How often do you go home ？

5.对次数提问用how often 或 how many times 。如He has been to Yilong twice .----How many times has he been to there?

6.对年龄提问用how old 。如：I am forty-seven years old .----How old are you ?

7.对延续的一段时间状语或物体的长度提问用how long 。如：He has studied English for ten years .-----How long has he studied English ? The desk is two metres long .------How long is the desk ?

8.对距离远近提问用how far .如：It is five kilometers from here to our school. --How far is ia from here to our school ?

9.对长，宽，高，面积提问用how+形容词（long, wide ,tall ,high……）如：How tall is this building ?

10..对时间的快慢或过多久以后提问用how soon。如：How soon will the bus leaveNanjing for Shanghai?

11.对重量，价格，运算结果提问用how much 。如：How much does each stone weigh ?

12.对多少提问时用how many +可数名词，how much + 不可数名词。

如：There are eighty-nine students in our class .--------How many students are there in our class ?

13.询问对方的看法要用how about 。如：The girl is beatuful .-------How about the girl ?

考点十六：介词

1. in, at, on 与表示时间、地点的词连用

表示时间时，in后接表示一段时间的词，如：年、月、星期、四季或morning, afternoon, evening (注意：noon, night前用at)，但当morning 或Sunday 等前有this, that, next, last 等词修饰时，一般不用介词。

at 多用于钟点时刻前，所表示的时间大多比较短暂。e.g. at a quarter to eleven 在10:45

on 主要用在星期几、具体某一天或某一天的早、午、晚或节日前。e.g. on Mid-Autumn Day在中秋节 on June 2nd表示地点时，in与表示“国家”、“城市”等大地方的词连用。e.g. in Shanghai 在上海 in China 在中国

at用于小地点前。in表示“在……里面、内部、某一范围内”，on表示“在……上”。on the tree 表示树上长的东西“在树上”。in the tree 表示人或其他东西“在树上”。

2. in, to, on 与表示方位的词连用

in 表示在某地区范围之内；to 表示在某地区范围以外；表示与某地接壤用on。 e.g. Shanghai is in the east of China.

3. between 和among 表示“在……中间”

between 表示两者之间; among表示在三者或三者以上之间。如. Mike sits between Peter and me. 迈克坐在彼得和我之间。

4. with 和in表示“用……”

表示“用……工具”用with; 表示“用……材料、语言、声音”用in。e.g. Please write with a pen. 请用钢笔写。

5. across 和through 表示“穿过”的区别

两者都用于表示“穿过，越过”，across含有“从……表面穿过”之意，表示游渡、乘船过海或过河时用across; through 含有“从……内部穿过”之意。e.g. The train is running across the bridge. 火车正穿过大桥。

6. but, besides 和except 表示“除了”

but表示“除……之外”，常与有否定意义的词连用;except 表示“除……之外（不再有）”，指从整体中排除except 所带人或物，前面常有all, every, any, no及其他复合词，但在否定句中，except 却没有排斥性；besides表示“除了……之外（还有）”，它的意义是在原来的基础上加上besides 除外的人或物，其前常有another, other, any other, a few 等词。e.g. We've had nothing but trouble with this car.我们这辆车净出毛病。We all went to visit the zoo except Li Lei.除了李雷外，我们都去了动物园。Li Lei also went to the park besides you.除了你之外，李雷也去了公园。

以下考点请根据自身掌握情况查阅资料：（考点十七：人称代词、反身代词；考点十八：形容词、副词、名词含义比较；考点十九:反意疑问句；考点二十:动词形式；考点二十一：基本时态；考点二十二：祈使句）

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