人民大学政治经济学专业博士参考书报录比招生人数英语复习资料复习策略-育明考研考博

人大政治经济学博士招生人数及名额分布参考书英语复习资料

一、人大经济学院博士招生人数及名额分布年份

人大内地招生总数

（计划数/实际数）

经济学院博士招生人数经济学院博士招生方式及人数分布公开招考报名人数报录比2012年900人/873人88人1、普通招考（79人）2、硕博连读（9人）

386人

5:12013年850人/891人87人1、普通招考（75人）

2、硕博连读（12人）

430人

6:12014年900人/893人89人1、普通招考（76人）

2、硕博连读（13人）

约440人

6:12015年900人/894人

87人1、普通招考（75人）

2、硕博连读（12人）约445人

6:1育明考博陈老师解析：

1、人大经济学院共有13个博士研究生招生专业，专业间的报录比相差较大

2、每年缺考考生的人数约占报名人数的20%~25%

3、根据最新的信息，学院将会逐步增加硕博连读的名额，减少在职定向读博的名额，培养年限方面也会增加到四年。

育明教育针对人民大学政治经济学专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。

二、人大经济学院政治经济学专业考博部分参考书(育明考博课程中心)

020101政治经济学

《研究生用西方经济学》高鸿业、吴易风

经济科学出版社《高级宏观经济学》

戴维·罗默

苏剑译

商务印书馆《中级微观经济学：现代观点》

范里安格致出版社《社会主义经济理论》杨瑞龙中国人民大学出版社

育明陈老师解析：

1、参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。

2、专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。

育明教育针对人民大学政治经济学专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障（人大考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询陈老师扣扣：伍四七.零六叁，捌六贰）

三、人民大学经济学院政治经济学专业考博课程分阶段授课内容（育明课程规划）

以下是育明教育考研课程的授课规划，整个授课规划由本专业统考博士生组织设定，结合了本专业考试命题的实际，借鉴了历届育明成功学员的复习计划和成功经验，是育明教育考研课程授课质量的保证和高录取率的基础。考生们也可以借鉴这一复习规划来指导自己的备考。

第一阶段：框架的构建和重点的掌握

深入解构核心参考书，建立知识理论体系框架并对重点知识章节和常见考点进行整合。理清楚学科发展史，特别是每一个阶段的代表人物，著作，主张，提出的背景和评价。根据专业课老师讲解借鉴前辈经验最终形成学员的专属笔记。

第二阶段：专题整理和讲解

在第一阶段的基础上，由专业课老师带领整理重要常考的学科专题，进行各个知识模块的深化和凝练。以专题为突破口夯实并灵活运用理论知识。

第三阶段：时事热点和出题人的论著

对出题老师的研究重点，最新论文成果和重要的上课的笔记课件进行讲解。对本专业时政热点话题进行分析，预测有可能出现的题型和考察角度。

第四阶段：历年真题演练和讲解

对历年真题进行最深入的剖析：分析真题来源、真题难度、真题的关联性，总结各题型的解题思《高级政治经济学》

张宇、孟捷经济科学出版社《资本论》选读（第二版）杨志中国人民大学出版社

路、答题方法和技巧。全面提升学员的答题能力，把前面几个阶段掌握的理论知识转化为分数。

第五阶段：模拟练习及绝密押题

就最新的理论前沿和学科热点结合现实的热点进行拔高应用性讲解。开展高强度模拟考试，教会考生怎么破题，怎么安排结构，怎么突出创新点等答题技巧。结合最新的内部出题信息和导师信息进行高命中押题。

四、人大考博英语题型备考思路（育明考博课程中心）人大考博英语题型（2015年）

词汇

完型阅读翻译作文20题20分20题20分4篇20题20分英译汉10分

汉译英10分20分

人大考博英语难度并不是很大，大部分年份整体的难度会介于四级和六级之间，部分年份难度会比趋近于六级（15年）。分数线方面一般要求60分，部分年份要求55分。

对于大部分考生来讲，在读研期间或者工作之后对英语的学习还是有所放松，想要在有限的复习时间内重新把英语水平回复并且取得一个理想的分数就需要运用到一些高效率的方式方法。

考生在英语复习备考中：一方面要加强英语基础的巩固学习，词汇语法的记忆积累，另外阅读量、阅读速度等也都需要加强；另一方面还需要针对学校的考博英语命题特点展开复习备考，提升复习的效率。历年考博英语真题应当作为第一手的复习资料，通过研究真题可以得到学校出题的题型、分值、难度、考察重点、题目来源等有价值的信息，结合以上分析得出的结论进行复习才会事半功倍有的放矢。学校在出题时经常会参照研究生英语教学的课程内容以及外院导师所著的英语辅导资料。此外也会借鉴其他重点院校的一些考博英语试题。

1、词汇备考：

人大考博英语词汇以六级和考研词汇为主，有少量六级以上词汇出现。有时也会加入一些考察语法的题目主要包括动词非谓语形式、虚拟语气、倒装语序、强调句式和复合句中的连接词。对考博英语词汇量在7000—8000左右。在词汇的备考中虽然不推荐盲目的扩大词汇量，但是足够的单词储备还是会对应试起到比较积极的作用。考生应当根据自身的复习时间和实际需要，可以选择考研词汇、六级词汇、托福词汇等进行备考，推荐育明教育考博教研室主编的《考博词汇》进行有针对性的词汇备考。

有很多人在学习英语的过程中，只注重了学习当时的记忆效果，孰不知要想做好学习的记忆工作，是要下一番工夫的。单纯的注重当时的记忆效果，而忽视了后期的保持和再认同样是达不到良好的效果的，于是就产生了记忆的牢固度问题。所以我们一直在向强调反复记忆单词，但是如何反复记忆却是一个复杂的工作。

普遍的记忆规律是：30分钟后再重复一遍，12小时后，1天后，3天后，7天后，15天后重复记忆，就会记得很牢。

针对词汇的记忆我们育明考博的英语专业课老师提出了三大关键词“快速、多次、重复”，并且这三大关键词也得到了历届学员的肯定与证明。

2、完型备考：实用答题方法

有些年份在人大考博英语的试题中是没有完型填空部分的，但是大家也不能忽视了对它的准备，还是应当结合历年真题进行有针对性的备考。一般完型短文的长度为250－300词，有20个空白分值比例为10分。空白处删去的词既有实词也有虚词，主要考察考生对文章的宏观理解掌握以及固定搭配、时态语态和语法结构。

育明教育的英语专业课老师推荐的完形填空答题方法：

A.无关词排除法：完型文章一般都有非常明确的中心主线，且整个文章很紧凑，就是紧紧围绕着中心主线展开。因此，理论上正确的选项一定是紧扣文章的主题和中心主线的。故而，一些看上去明显和文章主题和中心主线毫无关系的选项基本上可以排除在正确答案之外。

B.同现词对比法：完型文章由于常常有明确的中心主线，所以作者往往会使用一些重点词汇围绕着中心主线贯穿全文。同现实际上就是一组具有相同倾向性的词语，这些词语所表现的倾向性往往与中心主线中的导向一致，或者说这些同现词语的任务就是对文章的导向进行展开支持。因此，文章的整体导向这个已知线索可以成为解出这些同现词语的关键信息。

C.复现词对比法：复现是完型文章中词汇的另一种衔接手段，即表达相同意思的词汇在文章的不同地方出现。复现可以是相同的词重复出现，也可以是用不同的词表达相同的意思。复现的解题意义在于：如果判断出一个未知填空与上下文的那些已知词汇有复现关系，只要从选项中选出与那些词汇意义相同的就是正确答案。

D.关联词推断法：关联是完型文章中经常出现的一种结构，即将两个或两个以上的同类别词语，比如两个动词、两个形容词以连续排比的结构出现。在这种情况下，两个关联词汇在句子中的语法地位一样，且常常起一样的语法作用，之间又明显具有某种逻辑关系。关联的解题意义在于：出题人一般会将一个关联词语设置成已知信息，另一个是未知的，这样那个已知的词语便成为破解未知词语的关键线索。

F.时间关系解构法：完型文章中出现的时间信息一般都是非常有用的线索，因为只要通过分析这些时间线索就可以很快把握与这些时间线索联系在一起的信息之间的关系。

G.整体结构对照法：由于总分之间的基本关系是互相支持，互相印证的对照关系，而且总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开。当一些未知填空出现在总述句时，解出这些填空的相关联已知线索往往可以在与其对应的分述部分找到。

人大考博英语完型真题基础练习举例分析：（来源于育明考博“人大考博英语复习系列资料”）If you were to begin a new job tomorrow,you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses.Success or__1__in your work would depend,to__2__great extent,__3__ your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage.__4__the utmost importance is your attitude.

A person__5__begins a job convinced that he isn’t going to like it or is__6__ that he is going to ail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success.On the other hand,a person who is secure__7__his belief that he is probably as capable__8 __doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt__9__it possesses a certain strength of purpose.The chances are that he will do well。__10__the prerequisite skills for a particular job is https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5b5437050.html,cking those skills is obviously a weakness.A bookkeeper who can’t add or a carpenter who can’t cut a straight line with a saw__11__hopeless cases.

This book has been designed to help you capitalize__12__the strength and overcome the __13__that you bring to the job of learning.But in groups to measure your development, you must first__14__stock of somewhere you stand now.__15__we get further along in the book,we’ll be__16__in some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening __17__skills.However__18__begin with,you should pause__19__examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: your__20__,your reading and communication skills,and your study habits.

1.A.improvement B.victory C.failure D.achievement

2.A.a B.the C.some D.certain

3.A.in B.on C.of D.to

4.A.Out of B.Of C.To D.Into

5.A.who B.what C.that D.which

6.A.ensure B.certain C.sure D.surely

7.A.onto B.on C.off D.in

8.A.to B.at C.of D.for

9.A.near B.on C.by D.at

10.A.Have B.Had C.Having D.Had been

11.A.being B.been C.are D.is

12.A.except B.but C.for D.on

13.A.idea B.weakness C.strength D.advantage

14.A.make B.take C.do D.give

15.A.as B.till C.over D.out

16.A.deal B.dealt C.be dealt D.dealing

17.A.learnt B.learned C.learning D.learn

18.A.around B.to C.from D.beside

19.A.to B.onto C.into D.with

20.A.intelligence B.work C.attitude D.weakness

参考答案及解析:

1.【答案】C

【解析】本句的意思是：“成功或失败在很大程度上取决于你是否能扬长避短。”improvement改进；victory胜利；achievement成果，成就。这三个词都不合题意，只有 C.failure“失败” 合适。

2.【答案】A

【解析】to a great extent是固定短语，意思是“很大程度上”，符合题意。类似的说法还有：to a large extent,to some extent,to an extent,to a certain extent,to that extent,to the extent of…。the,some,certain都不能与great extent搭配。

3.【答案】B

【解析】on与前面的depend构成本句谓语。

4.【答案】B

【解析】of与名词连用,表示具有某种性质,状态，做表语。置于句首，表示强调。正常语序为：Your attitude is of the utmost importance.

5.【答案】A

【解析】A person后应当是定语从句,“开始工作的那个人”。

6.【答案】C

【解析】本句的意思是“如果一个刚刚开始工作的人就深信自己不会喜欢或肯定不适应这项工作，那么阻碍他成功的缺点就暴露出来了。”or后面省略了主语he。ensure保证；certain肯定的(只能用于It做主语的句子里)；surely确实地；sure肯定的。

7.【答案】D

【解析】in ones belief相信。其它选项都不能与belief搭配。

8.【答案】C

【解析】capable of doing是固定搭配，意为“能够干什么”。

9.【答案】D

【解析】attempt用做名词，后接介词at，意为“试图，努力”；如果后面接介词on，表示攻击的意思。其他两项都不能与attempt搭配。

10.【答案】C

【解析】本句的意思是“具有某一工作的必要技能是一个优势”此处应填句子的主语，故选动名词having。

11.【答案】D

【解析】本句主语是A book keeper or carpenter…。根据主谓一致原则，其谓语应当用单数is，而不是复数are。being,been都是分词，应该排除。

12.【答案】D

【解析】on与前面的capitalize搭配，表示“利用”。做不定式help的补语。其它选项不能与capitalize搭配。

13.【答案】B

【解析】本句的意思是“克服缺点”,应选weakness(缺点，弱点)。idea观点；strength优点；advantage优势。

14.【答案】B

【解析】固定短语take stock of，意为“对……估价，对……作出判断”。

15.【答案】A

【解析】本句的意思是：“随着更深入的阅读”，从语法角度，此处应填关联词。四个选项中，只有as能用做关联词。

16.【答案】D

【解析】选项A,B,C分别是deal(处理，论述，涉及)的原形，过去分词及被动语态。根据语法和语义，此处应填将来进行时，意思是“随着书中内容的进一步深入，我们将详细论述发展和加强学习技能的具体过程."

17.【答案】C

【解析】根据上下文，这里应当指“学习技能”。

18.【答案】B

【解析】固定短语to begin with，意为“首先，第一”，常用做插入语。

19.【答案】A

【解析】谓语动词pause后，examine又是动词原形，所以这里应当选to，可构成动词不定式，做目的状语。其余选项都是介词，不合题意。

20.【答案】C

【解析】本句对全文进行总结概括，与文章的开头相呼应，Of the utmost importance is your attitude故选attitude。

3、阅读备考：阅读中各种题目的对策

说明：阅读理解部分有4篇文章，总阅读量在2200-2600字左右，内容涵盖科技、教育、经济、金融、哲学、生活以及社会热点话题。每篇文章后有5道选择题，主要考查对文章主题的理解、对细节的判断推理、对作者观点和态度的识别等。

在平时的积累方面，建议经常看看英文网站，看看英文杂志，比如Nature、Science就很不错，当然这只是英文泛读，用于增加英文阅读的兴趣及增加话题的广度。另外，还需要精读一些文章学习其语言风格、语法结构、行文结构、主题思想等具体内容。这类文章可以选择考博真题中的阅读理解，也可以选择自己比较喜欢的一些英文美文，但是建议难度要与考博试题难度相当。

除了知识的积累和真题练习，我们还应当掌握阅读理解中每一种出题类型的答题技巧和经验。

A.细节事实题----回到原文，找准出处。选项中符合一般常识，意义深刻富有哲理，属于普遍现象的往往是答案。

B.判断词汇和短语的意义题

内容全面、概括性强的一般为答案；与文章主题相近的一般是答案；与被考单词在含义上肤浅相近的一般不是答案。

C.推理判断题

合乎常理的选项一般是答案；选项措辞过于绝对化、找茬原文和对文中做字面解释的的一般不是答案。

D.主旨大意题

答案常在首尾段，出现频率高的词可能是蕴含中心思想的关键词；局部信息概括、概括范围过宽的都为错误选项。

E.观点态度题---看清楚态度的对象以及态度的主体。

作者的态度一般会在行文中体现，要关注形容词、副词；引语和实例也会映射作者的态度。

人大考博英语越理解练习（来源于育明考博“人大考博英语复习系列资料”）

Moreover,insofar as any interpretation of its author can be made from the five or six plays attributed to him,the Wake field Master is uniformly considered to be a man of sharp

contemporary observation.He was,formally,perhaps clerically educated,as his Latin and music,his Biblical and patristic lore indicate.He is,still,celebrated mainly for his quick sympathy for the oppressed and forgotten man,his sharp eye for character,a ready ear for colloquial vernacular turns of speech and a humor alternately rude and boisterous,coarse and happy.Hence despite his conscious artistry as manifest in his feeling for intricate metrical and stanza forms,he is looked upon as a kind of medieval Steinbeck,indignantly angry at,uncompromisingly and even brutally realistic in presenting the plight of the agricultural poor.

Thus taking the play and the author together,it is mow fairly conventional to regard the former as a kind of ultimate point in the secularization of the medieval drama.Hence much emphasis on it as depicting realistically humble manners and pastoral life in the bleak hills of the West Riding of Yorkshire on a typically cold bight of December24th.After what are often regarded as almost“documentaries”given in the three successive monologues of the three shepherds,critics go on to affirm that the realism is then intensified into a burlesque mock-treatment of the Nativity.Finally as a sort of epilogue or after-thought in deference to the Biblical origins of the materials,the play slides back into an atavistic mood of early innocent reverence.Actually,as we shall see,the final scene is not only the culminating scene but perhaps the raisond’etre of introductory“realism.”

There is much on the surface of the present play to support the conventional view of its mood of secular realism.All the same,the“realism”of the Wakefield Master is of a paradoxical turn.His wide knowledge of people,as well as books indicates no cloistered contemplative but one in close relation to his times.Still,that life was after all a predominantly religious one,a time which never neglected the belief that man was a rebellious and sinful creature in need of redemption,So deeply(one can hardly say“naively”of so sophisticated a writer)and implicitly religious is the Master that he is less able(or less willing)to present actual history realistically than is the author of the Brome“Abraham and Isaac”.

His historical sense is even less realistic than that of Chaucer who just a few years before had done for his own time costume romances,such as The Knight’s Tale,Troilus and Cressida,etc.Moreover Chaucer had the excuse of highly romantic materials for taking liberties with history.

1.Which of the following statements about the Wakefield Master is NOT True?

[A].He was Chaucer’s contemporary.

[B].He is remembered as the author of five or six realistic plays.

[C].He write like John Steinbeck.

[D].HE was an accomplished artist.

2.By“patristic”,the author means

[A].realistic.[B].patriotic

[C].superstitious.[C].pertaining to the Christian Fathers.

3.The statement about the“secularization of the medieval drama”refers to the

[A].introduction of mundane matters in religious plays.

[B].presentation of erudite material.

[C].use of contemporary introduction of religious themes in the early days.

4.In subsequent paragraphs,we may expect the writer of this passage to

[A].justify his comparison with Steinbeck.

[B].present a point of view which attack the thought of the second paragraph.

[C].point out the anachronisms in the play.

[D].discuss the works of Chaucer.

重难点词汇：

1.clerically educated受过教会教育的

2.lore口头传说，口头文字

3.patristic有关早期基督教领袖的

4.vernacular方言

5.boisterous喧闹的

6.metrical韵律的

7.stanza诗节

8.medieval 中世纪的

9.plight悲惨的命运10.secularization世俗化，脱离教会11.pastoral乡村的12.bleak 荒凉的13.documentary记录文献的14.monologue独白15.burlesque诙谐或游戏诗文的，讽刺或滑稽的16.Nativity基督的诞生17.epilogue收场白18.deference敬意，尊重19.atavistic返祖的，隔代遗传的20.slide back to滑回，这里指返回21.raisond’etre存在的理由22.all the same即便如此23.paradoxical turn自相矛盾的说法24.cloistered隐居的25.contemplative好冥想的人（如僧侣）26.the contemplative life宗教上冥想的生涯27.redemption赎罪28.mundane 世俗的，现世的29.erudite博学的，饱学之士30.anachronism时代错误，与时代不合的事物

难句译注

1.Moreover,insofar as any interpretation of its author can be made from the five or six plays attributed to him,the Wake field Master is uniformly considered to be a man of sharp contemporary observation.

[结构简析]insofar只能，在……范围，常和as连用。Attributed过去分词，这里指属于韦克菲尔德大师写的剧本。

答案祥解

1. C.他象斯坦贝克一样写。第一段作者说他是一位公认的对当时代具有敏锐洞察力的作家。现在仍然享有盛名。主要在于“他对被压迫和被遗忘的人民的同情，有着对人物性格了解的犀利眼光，对日常方言的曲折转意的“耳朵”。他的幽默粗放而又喧闹，粗鲁而又愉快。因此，尽管他有意识的艺术效果（性），明显表现在他对复杂韵律和诗节的感受力上，人们仍然尊他为中世纪的斯坦贝克，对贫苦农民悲惨命运的疾首愤怒，给以毫不妥协地甚至野性地真实描述”。这段话说明，文内两位作家之共同点是在内容观点上。而不是指一样的艺术形式上。韦克菲尔德写的是诗歌形式——韵文，而斯坦贝克是小说和散文剧。所以说他像斯坦贝克那样写就错了。故选C.A.他是乔叟同时代人，见最后一句“他的历史观点的现实主义稍逊于乔叟。乔叟在几年前就为其时代写了一本传奇。” B.他是作为五或六本现实之剧本的作者而为人纪念。本文第一句话“只能从他写的五个或六个剧本来说明这位作者。” D.他是一位有成就的艺术家。

2.D.Patristic义：为关于早期基督教领袖的。第一段中his Biblical and Patristic lore indicate 的意思是“他那有关圣经和早期基督教领袖们的歌谣。”

A.现实主义的。

B.爱国的。

C.迷信的。

3.A.在宗教剧中介绍世俗之事。见第二段中的secularization义：世俗化，脱离教会。这一整段都讲了韦剧中对世俗之事的描述：“拿剧本和作者两者一起讲的话，现在习惯于把他的剧本看作中世纪戏剧世俗化的一个顶点。因此，对他世俗化强调常以一个例子来说明，即他现实主义的描述12月24日一个寒冷的夜晚，在约克郡西区荒凉的山里的那种粗陋的习俗和乡村的生活；在常被人认为几乎是‘记录文献’的三个牧人三段连续的独白之后，批评家们继续认为他的现实主义在此时被强化到以讽刺嘲弄的口吻处理了基督的诞生。最后，作者收场白或事后的补充，对材料的来源圣经表示敬意。剧本又滑回到早期纯洁无邪（天真）的崇敬，一种返祖基调中去。事实上最后一幕不仅是全剧的高潮，也许还是“现实主义”引言存在的理由。”这一段清楚表明。批评者认为宗教只是作者的收场白，计划外的添加剂而已。B.表现渊博知识材料。C.应用当代材料。太笼统。当代也有宗教之事。D.介绍早期宗教题材。

4. B.表达抨击第二段思想的观点。这个问题最难回答，其所以选择B，是因为本人作者并不同意流行的观点。他在讲完“常规看法”有，用引导来谈“纪实文献”和“现实主义”。这说明作者之含义并不是这两个词的本义。这段最后一句话“事实上，最后一幕……”表明：最后一幕有宗教内容，而“现实主义”不过处于introductory阶段。第三段点明作者的观点“现在的戏剧表面上有许多支持世俗现实主义模式的观点。韦之‘现实主义’有一个自相矛盾的特点。他对人和书本的广泛的了解表明：

“他不是与世隔绝，而是和时代紧密相连的。再说，那时的生活毕竟是全方位的宗教。那时代绝不会忽视这种信仰——人是叛逆和有罪的生灵，需要赎罪。大师是那么深沉含蓄的信奉宗教，因而他比布罗姆作者更不可能（更不愿）现实主义地表现真正的历史。他的历史感现实性甚至比乔叟更不现实主义。乔叟早在前几年为他的时代写了‘类似’骑士的故事”。“特罗依拉斯和克莱西德”等传奇。再说，乔叟以高度浪漫的材料为借口对历史事实任意处理。”所以说，我们可以期望作者在下面一步发挥自己的观点，抨击第二段的看法。A.他和斯坦贝克的比较是公平的。C.指出剧中时代错误。D.讨论乔叟作品。

4、翻译备考：翻译答题要求

翻译部分主要测试考生用正确的词汇及语法结构，运用基本的英汉、汉英翻译理论与技巧，按照英汉习惯表达思想的能力。翻译考核内容分为英译汉和汉译英。

英译汉为一篇150词左右的短文或若干段落，要求译文忠实于原文，汉语流畅。

汉译英为一篇100词左右的汉语段落。要求译文忠实于原文，表达基本正确，无重大语言错误。

A.英式思维拆分语法结构

在考博翻译中的大部分句子都是结构复杂的长难句，所以理清句子结构层次就显得至关重要。在翻译句子之前，先通读全句，注意一边读一边拆分句子的语法结构。例如：

例1Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

拆分句子：

1.句子的主干是：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry;

2.定语从句：which后面是一个定语从句，其先行词是social science;

3.方式状语：in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner是方式状语。其中的reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned是并列定语，修饰manner;

4.定语从句：that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena是定语从句，其先行词是manner;

5.拆分后句子的总结构是：

Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry(主干)which seeks to study humans and their endeavors(定语从句)in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner(方式状语)that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.(定语从句)

B.直译和意译

在考博英语翻译中，由于题材基本上是关于自然科学和社会科学的文章，所以我们遵循的方法是：

能直译就直译，既能直译又能意译的以直译为主，不能直译的采用意译，一般情况下直译与意译相结合。

1.能直译就直译

例：In dealing with a challenge on such a scale,it is no exaggeration to say,"United we stand,divided we fall"

译文：在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说，“团结，我们就会站起来；分裂，我们就会倒下去”。

2.不宜直译就意译

例：The talk about raising taxes was a red flag to many voters。

译文：关于增税的谈论激怒了许多选民。

分析：原文表层信息--关于增税的谈论对选民来说是一面红旗(红旗对中文读者来说象征着革命)。

原文深层信息--a red flag是令人生气的事物，源于西班牙的斗牛民俗。斗牛场上，人们用红布来激怒牛。

3.直译与意译相结合

例：The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject.The world won't end if you don't pass a test.So don't worry excessively about a single test。

译文：考试的目的在于显示你对某一科目的掌握程度。一次考试不及格天是不会塌下来的。因此不必为一次考试过分担心。

另外，我们不能忽视词语词组的翻译应以适应上下文为主要标准。例如“work”，在考博翻译中往往不能翻译成“工作”，而要翻译成“研究工作”；作为名词，也不能翻译成“作品”，而应当翻译成“研究成果”。这是考博翻译的一些具体要求和得分点之所在。

C.英语简单句拉长变多长句

Interest in historical methods had arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves(参考译文：人们对历史研究方法产生了兴趣，这与其说是因为外部对历史作为一门学问的有效性提出了挑战，还不如说是因为历史学家内部发生了争吵。)

英文原句是个典型的长句，由27个词组成，中间没有使用任何标点符号，完全靠语法结构使整个句子的意思化零为整：less through…and more from构成一个复杂的状语，修饰动词arisen。在中文翻译中，“产生兴趣”这一重要内容通过一个独立的句子表达，两个不同的原因则分别由不同的句子表达，整个句子被化整为零“…产生兴趣…，这与其说是因为…，还不如说是因为…”

5、人大考博英语写作复习答题

①掌握议论文的组织结构

由于人大考博英语文学文写作一直为议论文文体，掌握议论文的组织结构则尤为必要。议论文的展开方式一般为三段式：首段确认所讨论的问题，并解释讨论该问题的重要性；正文常提出证据加以论证；结论常常就开头提出的问题进一步确认、证实、加强，以概括性的语言结束全文。考生可以把这种结构作为写作摸板。

需要注意的是，这里提到的三段式指的是文章内容包含三部分，在具体成文时不一定严格按三自然段来写，尤其是在第二部分展开时可以分多个段落，如“First…Secondly…Finally”、“On the one hand…On the other hand…In addition”等结构。

②从多角度分析问题

人大考博英语文学文写作采用无提纲标题作文的出题形式，这就给考生很大的自由发挥空间，考生可以从多角度分析问题，如2004年人大考博英语写作部分标题为My Understanding of Globalization，考生可以从经济市场角度分析，也可以从文化的全球化来入手。

③关注常考的写作题材

人大考博英语文学文写作题材多为社会热点、教育、道德素质类，所以考生应该留心国际和国内的社会热点问题和社会时事，如当今伊朗的核问题，中国规范房地产改革交易秩序等问题，关于教育、道德素质等方面的新闻事件要格外留意，这方面所涉及的词汇要注意积累。人大考博英语作文范文举例：

Shopping on the Net

Nowadays Internet is revolutionizing our globe and greatly facilitating(使方便)our modern life.As a matter of fact,we can do almost everything on the Net.To illustrate,we can conduct E-business,advertise our products,book an air ticket,buy and sell stocks,even hunt a job on the Web.Recently,shopping on the Net is gradually becoming popular in modern cities.However,people take different attitudes towards the new way of shopping.

Some people who prefer shopping on the virtual shopping centers or the e-commerce portals,hold that the new way of shopping has many advantages.First,the

web-stores can keep customers updated

about（使现代化）the best selling products.Besides,they can provide customers with a wider range of choices.Most important of all,it is very convenient and time-saving.People can stay at home shopping whatever they want online.

However,others who stick to shopping in the real-life stores have their reasons.First, they argue that though time-saving,it’s a little bit complicated to pay on the Web.Besides,

they think that customers can never rest assured of(使仍然相信)the quality of the commodities unless they see them with their own eyes.Finally,they believe the best way to be on guard(警惕)against the fake（假货）and poor quality commodities is to shop in the traditional way.Therefore,they don’t show any interest in shopping online.However,more and more people will prefer shopping on the Web.And it’s believe that it will eventually be an irresistible trend of shopping in the21st century.

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人大附中高三英语练习题

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中国人民大学——英语博士研究生入学考试试题.doc

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