上海市各区2017届高三英语二模汇编：阅读理解A篇(带答案精准校对)

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

In this section we consider what you can do to train your brain to improve your game playing skills.

1. Daily workout

It is very easy to find tactical puzzles and train. However, you must try to solve them. Don‘t just stare at the position for 10 seconds and then turn to the solution. You won‘t learn anything. Have a go at trying to solve the puzzle. If you got it right then great ---- well done. However, if you got it wrong, then have another look. Ask yourself questions such as the following:

●Why did I get it wrong?

●What was wrong with my solution?

●What was the weakness that the tactic exploited?

Where can you find tactical puzzles?

It‘s easy. They are everywhere. Many newspapers, including Independent, and magazines have a daily or weekly chess puzzle. Key ―chess puzzles‖ into Google and you‘ll find a whole load of them. There are plenty of puzzle books.

2. Use software

Nowadays chess software is terribly cheap. World Champion Vladimir Kramnik recently lost a match 4 – 2 against a software program. This program is available for about ￡30.

In general, people use chess software for the wrong reasons. They often play game after game against the machine and get beaten every time. Bored with this, they turn the playing level right down so that the program is almost playing random moves and then they can beat it every time and feel better.

Neither method will help you improve. However, chess software can be a fantastically useful learning tool if used in two particular ways.

The first is if you have tried to solve a puzzle but it‘s a bit too difficult and you don‘t really understand the solution. Never mind ---- well done for trying. Now set the position up on the program and try different moves. Chess software is faultless at tactical play. It will instantly tell

you the right and wrong moves and why they do or don‘t work.

Secondly you can run over games you have played to learn where you have gone wrong and where you could have improved. Get into the habit of keeping the score (i.e. writing down the moves) of games that you play. This will help you to improve and refine your understanding of tactical themes and patterns.

56. What would be the best title of this passage?

A. How to Train Your Brain

B. Where to Find Tactical Puzzles

C. Daily Workout and Use of Software

D. How to Improve Your Chess-Playing Skills

57. The underlined part ―tactical puzzles‖ in the second paragraph most probably means ______.

A. puzzles making us better understand themes and patterns of difficult games

B. puzzles showing us how to train our brains to think more effectively

C. puzzles teaching us some skills to play more difficult games

D. puzzles only teaching us how to play chess games well

58. Which of the following would be the right way of using chess software?

A. Playing as many games against the machine as possible.

B. Always trying difficult puzzles to improve your chess skills.

C. Running over games you‘ve played to learn from mistakes and improve.

D. Turning the playing level down to build your self confidence and feel better.

59. What does the writer think about chess software?

A. Chess software will help a lot if properly used.

B. Chess software below 30 pounds is too cheap to use.

C. Chess software is a fantastically useful learning toolin daily work.

D. Chess software helps improve understanding of tactical themes and patterns.

Keys:56-59: DBCA

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.

(A)

Born in 1823 in Wales, Alfred Russel Wallace was a man of modest means, but he had a passion for nature and he chose to follow it. He started out collecting insects as a hobby, but eventually his longing for adventure led him to explore the world.

Luckily for Wallace, Victorian Britain was discovering an interest in weird and wonderful insects, so the demand from museums and private collections for these beasts was growing. Wallace was able to make a living doing what he loved: collecting beetles and other insects.

But his first trip of exploring the world ended in disaster. Wallace proceeded to the Amazon in South America. Its giant forests promised a wealth of new species, sure to put him on the scientific map. The trip took 6 weeks and involved every mode of transport in existence at the time. After four years Wallace set off for home, but his boat caught fire in the middle of the Atlantic. Everyone survived, but Wallace had to watch in despair as his samples went up in flames –including live animals he was bringing home that were trying to jump free of the flames. But he did not let it stop him.

In 1854, Wallace set off on another adventure, this time to the Malay Archipelago. Wallace found himself humbled by the new and exciting things he saw. He later recalled: ―As I lie listening to these interesting sounds, I think how many besides myself have longed to see with their own eyes the many wonderful and beautiful things which I am daily encountering.‖

In 1858, Wallace wrote what became known as the ―Ternate essay‖: a piece of writing that was to change our understanding of life forever. In his essay, Wallace argued that a species would only turn into another species if it was struggling for existence. Henry W. Bates was one of many scientists delighted by the idea of evolution by natural selection. In a letter to Wallace, he wrote: ―The idea is like truth itself, so simple and obvious that those who read and understand it will be struck by its simplicity; and yet it is perfectly original.‖

56. __________ finally caused Wallace to explore the world.

A. His strong affection for nature

B. His life-long devotion to beasts

C. His deep love for adventure

D. Increasing demand for insects

57. Which of the following is TRUE about Wallace‘s first trip?

A. It took him six weeks to explore the Amazon with all kinds of transportation.

B. He made a scientific study of a fairly limited number of insects.

C. The fire cost him his four years‘ collection of animals.

D. His passion cooled after the disaster.

58. Wallace felt _____ on the Malay Archipelago.

A. fearless

B. lucky

C. challenged

D. risky

59. Wallace‘s idea on evolution of natural selection __________.

A. made no sense at that time

B. built up a new concept of life

C. was too simple to be true

D. revealed the origin of nature

Keys:56-59 CCBB

Section B

Directions: Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestions or unfinishedstatements. Foreach ofthemtherearefour choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choose the onethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

(A)

Dear Cutie-Pie,

Recently, your mother and I were searching for an answer on Google. Half way through entering the question, Google returned a list of the most popular searches in the world. At the top of the list was ―How to keep him interested.‖

It surprised me a lot. I scanned several of the countless articles about how to be sexy and sexual, when to bring him a beer versus a sandwich, and the ways to make him feel smart and superior.

And I got angry.

Little One, it is not, has never been, and never will be your job to ―keep him interested.‖

Little One, your only task is to know deeply in your soul—in that unshakeable place that isn‘t upset by rejection and loss—that you are worthy of interest.

If you can trust your worth in this way, you will be attractive in the most important sense of

the world: you will attract a boy who is both capable of interest and who wants to spend his one life investing all of his interest in you.

Little One, I want to tell you about t he boy who doesn‘t need to be kept interested, because he knows you are interesting.

I don‘t care if he can‘t play a bit of golf with me—as long as he can play with the children you give him and revel in all the glorious and frustrating ways they are just like you. I don‘t care if he doesn‘t follow his wallet—as long as he follows his heart and it always leads him back to you. I don‘t care if he is strong—as long as he gives you the space to exercise the strength that is in your heart. I couldn‘t care less how he votes—as long as he wakes up every morning and daily elects you to a place of honor in your home and a place of respect in his heart. I don‘t care about the color of his skin. I don‘t care if he was raised in this religion or that religion or no re ligion.

Little One, if you come across a man like that and he and I have nothing else in common, we will have the most important thing in common: You.

Because in the end, Little One, the only thing you should have to do to ―keep him interested‖ is to be you.

Your eternally interested guy,

Daddy

56. What shocked Daddy when he was surfing on the Internet?

A. Girls‘ knowing nothing about trusting themselves.

B. Girls‘ giving priority to finding ways to please boys.

C. Girls‘ bringing foods and drinks to boys from time to time.

D. Girls‘ being upset by being rejected constantly.

57. Father thinks what is of primary importance to his daughter is to ____________.

A. keep the boy interested

B. know she deserves a boy‘s interest

C. attract a boy willing to invest all in her

D. find a boy who can please her

58. According to the passage, what does the underlined word ―revel‖ mean?

A. feel depressed

B. become puzzled

C. look around

D. enjoy himself

59. What‘s the main purpose of this letter?

A. To advise his daughter to trust her worth.

B. To inform his daughter how to keep others interested.

C. To show his daughter how to find her true love.

D. To help his daughter find someone with common interests.

Keys:56—59 B B D A

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.

(A)

When Frank and I stepped through the post office doors, there was a crowd gathered, gawking at the new fixture on the wall like a chorus of wide-mouthed frogs. I had to get closer, and that was where being a girl that's scrawnier than a wire fence came in handy. Fortunately, Frank, my twin of eleven years, was just the same.

"Come on." I said, grabbing his hand, and we slid through the cracks between people until we spilled out in front.

Finally I got a good look. It was fixed to the plaster next to the postmaster's window, the place of honor usually reserved for the Wanted posters. Beady-eyed Zedekiah Smith, the bank robber, still hung there, but even he had been pushed aside for something more important.

A telephone. The first one in town.

"How's it work?" Noah Crawford called out. Noah's the best fix-it man around, and I could tell he was itching to get his fingers on those shiny knobs.

"Don't rightly know," answered the postmaster, and he tugged at his goatee as if it might tell him. "I do know the sound of your voice moves along wires strung on poles. It's sort of like the telegraph, only you hear words instead of dots and dashes."

"Ah," the crowd murmured, and I felt my own mouth move along.

I gazed at that gleaming wood box and something happened inside me. Something — I can only guess — that might be like falling in love. The thought of talking into that box — of making my voice sail through wires in the sky — it took over my brain. I couldn't get it out.

"Frank," I whispered to my twin. "I have to use that telephone."

Five minutes later, Frank towed me up Main Street, toward home. "Liza — " he began, but I cut him off. We two thought so much alike, I had Frank's questions answered before he even asked.

56. People crowded in the post office because ___________.

A. they were attracted by a new poster

B. the postmaster was delivering a speech

C. they were curious about the telephone

D. there was a wanted bank robber captured

57. Which of the following is Not True according to the passage?

A. Many people stared at the new device in open-mouthed amazement.

B. The slight-figured twins managed to push to the front of the crowd.

C. Even the best fix-it man in the town got no idea about the new device.

D. The postmaster didn‘t know anything about how the telephone worked.

58. By― It took over my brain. I couldn’t get it out.‖,we get a clear picture of the girl‘s ______.

A. eagerness to use the telephone

B. fascination for the wood box

C. puzzlement over the strange sound

D. determination to fly in the sky

59. What is the passage mainly about?

A. The twins‘ frustrating experiences in the town.

B. A special assembly called in the local post office.

C. People‘s reaction to the arrival of the first telephone.

D. A great celebration of the start of telephone service.

Keys:56-59 CDAC

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or

unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

A

I used to think ants knew what they were doing. The ones

marching across my kitchen counter looked so confident; I just figured

they had a plan, knew where they were going and what needed to be

done. How else could ants organize highways, build elaborate nests,

launch impressive attacks, and do all the other things ants do?

Turns out I was wrong. Ants aren‘t clever little engineers, architects, or soldiersafter all --- at least not as individuals. When it comes to deciding what to do next, most ants don‘t have a clue. ―If you watch an ant try to accomplish something, you‘ll be impressed by how awkward it is,‖ says Deborah M. Gordon, a biologist at Stanford University.

―Ants aren‘t smart,‖ Gordon says. ―Ant colonies are.‖ A colony can solve p roblems unthinkable for individual ants, such as finding the shortest path to the best food source, assigning workers to different tasks, or defending a territory from neighbors. As individuals, ants might be tiny dummies, but as colonies they respond quickly and effectively to their environment. They do it with something called collective intelligence.

Where this intelligence comes from raises an essential question in nature: How do the simple actions of individual ants add up to the complex behavior of a group? How do hundreds of honey-bees make a critical decision about their hive(蜂巢)if many of them disagree? The collective abilities of such animals --- one of which grasps the big picture, but each of which contributes to the group‘s success --- seem miraculous even to the biologists who know them best. Yet during the past few decades, researchers have come up with fascinating insights.

56. The author‘s former false impression about ants is that he thought them to be _______.

A. smart

B. awkward

C. elaborate

D. creative

57. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Ants will function as a single body once a decision is made by the commander.

B. Ants are the only species which developed collective intelligence.

C. The ant queen plays a role in managing ant workers besides laying eggs.

D. An individual ant can‘t comprehend the whole process of a big movement.

58. The paragraph following the passage will most probably deal with _______.

A. where we can observe such fantastic behavior of ants

B. which is the leading ant in charge of the action

C. how the collective intelligence works

D. what inspiration can be drawn from the collective abilities

KEYS: 56-58 ADC

Section B

Directions:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

If your in-box is currently reporting unread messages in the hundreds or thousands, you might have a hard time believing the news: e-mail is on the decline.

At first thought, that might seem to be the case. The incoming generation, after all, doesn‘t do e-mail. Oh, they might have an account. They use it only as we would use a fax machine: as a means to communicate with old-school folks like their parents or to fulfill the sign-up requirements of Web sites. They rarely check it, though.

Today‘s instant electronic memos—such as texting and Facebook and Twitter messages—are more direct, more concentrated, more efficient. They go without the salutation (称呼语) and the signoff (签收); we already know the ―to‖ and ―from.‖ Many corporations are moving to messaging networks for exactly that reason: more signal, less noise and less time. This trend is further evidence that store-and-forward systems such as e-mail and voicemail are outdated. Instead of my leaving you a lengthy message that you pick up later, I can now send you an easily-read message that you can read—and respond to—on the go.

The coming of the mobile era is responsible for the decline of e-mail. Instant written messages bring great convince to people. They can deal with them at about any time: before a

movie, in a taxi, waiting for lunch. And because these messages are very brief, they‘re suitable for smart phonetyping.

Does this mean e-mail is on its way to the dustbin of digital history? Not necessarily. E-mail still has certain advantages. On the other hand, tweets and texts feel ephemeral—you read them, then they‘re gone, into an endless string, e-mail still feels like something you have and that you can f ile, search and return to later. It‘s easy to imagine that it will continue to feel more appropriate for formal communications: agreements, important news, longer explanations.

So, e-mail won‘t go away completely. Remember, we‘ve been through a transition (过度) like this not so long ago: when e-mail was on the rise, people said that postal mail was dead. That‘s not how it works. Postal mail found its smaller market, and so will e-mail. New technology rarely replaces old one completely; it just adds new alternatives.

56. What would the incoming generation like to do with their e-mail accounts?

A. Contact close friends.

B. Send long messages.

C. Fill in some forms.

D. Communicate with their colleagues.

57. Which of the following is mainly discussed in paragraphs 3 and 4?

A. The possible reasons behind the decline of e-mail.

B. The likes and dislikes of the young generation.

C. The rapid development of e-communication channels.

D. Evidence about the uncertain future of easily-consumed messages.

58. What does the underlined word ―ephemeral‖ in paragraph 5 mean?

A. Automatically-sending.

B. Randomly-written.

C. Hardly- recognized.

D. Shortly-appearing.

59. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A. It‘s too early to determine the decline of e-mail.

B. E-mail has reasons to exist on its own advantages.

C. E-mail, just like postal mail has come to its end.

D. We should feel sorry for the decline of e-mail.

KEYS: 56-59CADB

2020年上海市高考英语二模试卷(b卷)

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