精排版1012月六级真题

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

1. 目前高校排名相当盛行;

2. 对于这种做法人们看法不一;

3. 在我看来……

My Views on University Ranking

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Into the Unknown

The world has never seen population ageing before. Can it cope?

Until the early 1990s nobody much thought about whole populations getting older. The UN had the foresight to convene a “world assembly on ageing” back in 1982, but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was happening. In a report entitled “Averting the Old Age Crisis”, it argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable.

For the next ten years a succession of books, mainly by Americans, sounded the alarm. They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm, and their message was blunt: health-care systems were heading for the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon there would be intergenerational warfare.

Since then the debate has become less emotional, not least because a lot more is known about the subject. Books, conferences and research papers have multiplied. International organisations such as the OECD and the EU issue regular reports. Population ageing is on every agenda, from G8 economic conferences to NATO summits. The World Economic Forum plans to consider the future of pensions and health care at its prestigious Davos conference early next year. The media, including this newspaper, are giving the subject extensive coverage.

Whether all that attention has translated into sufficient action is another question. Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and health-care promises will soon become unaffordable, and many of them have embarked on reforms, but so far only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with an eye on the next election will hardly rush to introduce unpopular measures that may not bear fruit for years, perhaps decades.

The outline of the changes needed is clear. To avoid fiscal (财政) meltdown, public pensions and health-care provision will have to be reined back severely and taxes may have to go up. By far the most effective method to restrain pension spending is to give people the opportunity to work longer, because it increases tax revenues and reduces spending on pensions at the same time. It may even keep them alive longer. John Rother, the AARP’s head of policy and strategy, points to studies showing that other things being equal, people who remain at work have lower death rates than their retired peers.

Younger people today mostly accept that they will have to work for longer and that their pensions will be less generous. Employers still need to be persuaded that older workers are worth holding on to. That may be because they have had plenty of younger ones to choose from, partly thanks to the post-war baby-boom and partly because over the past few decades many more women have entered the labour force, increasing employers’ choice. But the reservoir of women able and willing to take up paid work is running low, and the baby-boomers are going grey.

In many countries immigrants have been filling such gaps in the labour force as have already emerged (and remember that the real shortage is still around ten years off). Immigration in the developed world is the highest it has ever been, and it is making a useful difference. In still-fertile America it currently accounts for about 40% of total population growth, and in fast-ageing western Europe for about 90%.

On the face of it, it seems the perfect solution. Many developing countries have lots of young people in need of jobs; many rich countries need helping hands that will boost tax revenues and keep up economic growth. But over the next few decades labour forces in rich countries are set to shrink so much that inflows of immigrants would have to increase enormously to compensate: to at least twice their current size in western Europe’s most youthful countries, and three times in the older ones. Japan would need a large multiple of the few immigrants it has at present. Public opinion polls show that people in most rich countries already think that immigration is too high. Further big increases would be politically unfeasible.

To tackle the problem of ageing populations at its root, “old” countries would have to rejuvenate (使年轻) themselves by having more of their own children. A number of them have tried, some more successfully than others. But it is not a simple matter of offering financial incentives or providing more child care. Modern urban life in rich countries is not well adapted to large families. Women find it hard to combine family and career. They often compromise by having just one child.

And if fertility in ageing countries does not pick up? It will not be the end of the world, at least not for quite a while yet, but the world will slowly become a different place. Older societies may be less innovative and more strongly disinclined to take risks than younger ones. By 2025 at the latest, about half the voters in America and most of those in western European countries will be over 50—and older people turn out to vote in much greater number than younger ones. Academic studies have found no evidence so far that older voters have used their power at the ballot box to push for policies that specifically benefit them, though if in future there are many more of them they might start doing so.

Nor is there any sign of the intergenerational warfare predicted in the 1990s. After all, older people themselves mostly have families. In a recent study of parents and grown-up children in 11 European countries, Karsten Hank of Mannheim University found that 85% of them lived within 25km of each other and the majority of them were in touch at

least once a week.

Even so, the shift in the centre of gravity to older age groups is bound to have a profound effect on societies, not just economically and poli tically but in all sorts of other ways too. Richard Jackson and Neil Howe of America’s CSIS, in a thoughtful book called The Graying of the Great Powers, argue that, among other things, the ageing of the developed countries will have a number of serious security implications.

For example, the shortage of young adults is likely to make countries more reluctant to commit the few they have to military service. In the decades to 2050, America will find itself playing an ever-increasing role in the developed world’s defence effort. Because America’s population will still be growing when that of most other developed countries is shrinking, America will be the only developed country that still matters geopolitically (地缘政治上).

Ask me in 2020

There is little that can be done to stop population ageing, so the world will have to live with it. But some of the consequences can be alleviated. Many experts now believe that given the right polic ies, the effects, though grave, need not be catastrophic. Most countries have recognised the need to do something and are beginning to act.

But even then there is no guarantee that their efforts will work. What is happening now is historically unprecedented. Ronald Lee, director of the Centre on the Economics and Demography of Ageing at the University of California, Berkeley, puts it briefly and clearly: “We don’t really know what population ageing will be like, because nobody has done it yet. “

1. In its 1994 report, the World Bank argued that the current pension system in most countries could ______.

[A] not be sustained in the long term [B] further accelerate the ageing process

[C] hardly halt the growth of population [D] help tide over the current ageing crisis

2. What message is conveyed in books like Young vs Old?

[A] The generation gap is bound to narrow .[ B] Intergenerational conflicts will intensify.

[C] The younger generation will beat the old .[D] Old people should give way to the young.

3. One reason why pension and health care reforms are slow in coming is that ______.

[A] nobody is willing to sacrifice their own interests to tackle the problem

[B] most people are against measures that will not bear fruit immediately

[C] the proposed reforms will affect too many people’s interests

[D] politicians are afraid of losing votes in the next election

4. The author believes the most effective method to solve the pension crisis is to ______.

[A] allow people to work longer [C] cut back on health care provisions

[B] increase tax revenues [D] start reforms right away

5. The reason why employers are unwilling to keep older workers is that ______.

[A] they are generally difficult to manage [B] the longer they work, the higher their pension

[C] their pay is higher than that of younger ones [D] younger workers are readily available

6. To compensate for the fast-shrinking labour force, Japan would need ______.

[A] to revise its current population control policy [B] large numbers of immigrants from overseas

[C] to automate its manufacturing and service industries [D] a politically feasible policy concerning population

7. Why do many women in rich countries compromise by having only one child?

[A] Small families are becoming more fashionable. [B] They find it hard to balance career and family.

[C] It is too expensive to support a large family. [D] Child care is too big a problem for them.

8. Compared with younger ones, older societies are less inclined to ______________________________.

9. The predicted intergenerational warfare is unlikely because most of the older people themselves _________________________.

10. Countries that have a shortage of young adults will be less willing to commit them to ____________________________.

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

11. [A] The man is the manager of the apartment building. [B] The woman is very good at bargaining.

[C] The woman will get the apartment refurnished. [D] The man is looking for an apartment.

12. [A] How the pictures will turn out . [C] What the man thinks of the shots.

[B] Where the botanical garden is. [D] Why the pictures are not ready.

13. [A] There is no replacement for the handle. [B] There is no match for the suitcase.

[C] The suitcase is not worth fixing. [D] The suitcase can be fixed in time.

14. [A] He needs a vehicle to be used in harsh weather. [B] He has a fairly large collection of quality trucks.

[C] He has had his truck adapted for cold temperatures .[D] He does routine truck maintenance for the woman.

15. [A] She cann ot stand her boss’s bad temper.[B] She has often been criticized by her boss.

[C] She has made up her mind to resign. [D] She never regrets any decisions she makes.

16. [A] Look for a shirt of a more suitable color and size. [B] Replace the shirt with one of some other material.

[C] Visit a different store for a silk or cotton shirt. [D] Get a discount on the shirt she is going to buy.

17. [A] At a “Lost and Found”. [C] At a trade fair.

[B] At a reception desk. [D] At an exhibition.

18. [A] Repair it and move in. [C] Convert it into a hotel.

[B] Pass it on to his grandson. [D] Sell it for a good price.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. [A] Unique descriptive skills. [C] Colourful world experiences.

[B] Good knowledge of readers’ tastes. [D] Careful plotting and clueing.

20. [A] A peaceful setting. [C] To be in the right mood.

[B] A spacious room. [D] To be entirely alone.

21. [A] They rely heavily on their own imagination. [B] They have experiences similar to the characters’.

[C] They look at the world in a detached manner. [D] They are overwhelmed by their own prejudices.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

22. [A] Good or bad, they are there to stay. [B] Like it or not, you have to use them.

[C] Believe it or not, they have survived.[D] Gain or lose, they should be modernised.

23. [A] The frequent train delays. [C]The food sold on the trains.

[B] The high train ticket fares. [D] The monopoly of British Railways.

24. [A] The low efficiency of their operation. [B] Competition from other modes of transport.

[C] Constant complaints from passengers. [D] The passing of the new transport act.

25. [A] They will be de-nationalised. [C] They are fast disappearing.

[B] They provide worse service . [D] They lose a lot of money.

Section B

Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.

26. [A] The whole Antarctic region will be submerged. [B] Some polar animals will soon become extinct.

[C] Many coastal cities will be covered with water. [D] The earth will experience extreme weathers.

27. [A] How humans are to cope with global warming. [B] How unstable the West Antarctic ice sheet is.

[C] How vulnerable the coastal cities are. [D] How polar ice impacts global weather.

28. [A] It collapsed at least once in the past 1.3 million years. [B] It sits firmly on solid rock at the bottom of the ocean.

[C] It melted at temperatures a bit higher than those of today[D] It will have little impact on sea level when it breaks up.

29. [A] The West Antarctic region was once an open ocean. [B] The West Antarctic ice sheet was about 7,000 feet thick.

[C] The West Antarctic ice sheet was once floating ice. [D] The West Antarctic region used to be warmer than today.

Passage Two

Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

30. [A] Whether we can develop social ties on the Internet.

[B] Whether a deleted photo is immediately removed from the web.

[C] Whether our blogs can be renewed daily. [D] Whether we can set up our own websites.

31. [A] The number of visits they receive. [C] The files they have collected.

[B] The way they store data. [D] The means they use to get information.

32. [A] When the system is down. [C] When the URL is reused.

[B] When new links are set up. [D] When the server is restarted.

Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33. [A] Some iced coffees have as many calories as a hot dinner.

[B] Iced coffees sold by some popular chains are contaminated.

[C] Drinking coffee after a meal is more likely to cause obesity.

[D] Some brand-name coffees contain harmful substances.

34. [A] Have some fresh fruit. [C] Take a hot shower.

[B] Exercise at the gym . [D] Eat a hot dinner.

35. [A] They could enjoy a happier family life. [B] They could greatly improve their work efficiency.

[C] Many cancer cases could be prevented. [D] Many embarrassing situations could be avoided.

Section C

Psychologists are finding that hope plays a surprisingly vital role in giving people a measurable advantage in realms as (36) _____________ as academic achievement, bearing up in tough jobs and coping with (37) ______________ illness. And, by contrast, the loss of hope is turning out to be a stronger sign that a person may (38) ______________ suicide than other factors long thought to be more likely risks.

“Hope has proven a powerful predictor of (39) ______________ in every study we’ve done so far,” said Dr. Charles R. Snyder, a psychologist who has devised a (40) ______________ to assess how much hope a person has.

For example, in research with 3,920 college students, Dr. Snyder and his (41) ______________ found that the level of hope among freshmen at the beginning of their first semester was a more (42) ______________ predictor of their college grades than were their S.A.T. scores or their grade point (43) ______________ in high school, the two measures most commonly used to predict college performance.

(44)”___________________________________________________________________________________________,” Dr. Snyder said. “When you compare students of equivalent intelligence and past academic achievements, what sets

them apart is hope.”

In devising a way to assess hope scientifically, Dr. Snyder (45)________________________

_______________________________. “That notion is not concrete enough, and it blurs two key components of hope,” Dr. Snyder said. (46)”_____________________________________________________________________.”

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section A

Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.

Most young boys are trained to believe that men should be strong, tough, cool, and detached. Thus, they learn early to hide vulnerable emotions such as love, joy, and sadness because they believe that such feelings are feminine and imply weakness. Over time, some men become strangers to their own emotional lives. It seems that men with traditional views of masculinity are more likely to suppress outward emotions and to fear emotions, supposedly because such feelings may lead to a loss of composure (镇定). Keep in mind, however, that this view is challenged by some researchers. As with many gender gaps, differences in emotionality tend to be small, inconsistent, and dependent on the situation. For instance, Robertson and colleagues found that males who were more traditionally masculine were more emotionally expressive in a structured exercise than when they were simply asked to talk about their emotions.

Males’ difficulty with “tender” emotions has serious consequences. First, suppressed emotions can c ontribute to stress-related disorders. And worse, men are less likely than women to seek help from health professionals. Second, men’s emotional inexpressiveness can cause problems in their relationships with partners and children. For example, men who endorse traditional masculine norms report lower relationship satisfaction, as do their female partners. Further, children whose fathers are warm, loving, and accepting toward them have higher self-esteem and lower rates of aggression and behavior problems. On a positive note, fathers are increasingly involving themselves with their children. And 30 percent of fathers report that they take equal or greater responsibility for their children than their working wives do.

One emotion males are allowed to express is anger. Sometimes this anger translates into physical aggression or violence. Men commit nearly 90 percent of violent crimes in the United States and almost all sexual assaults.

47. Most young boys have been trained to believe that men who show tender feelings are considered to be ______________.

48. Some men believe that if they expressed their emotions openly they might ______________.

49. According to the author, men who suppress their emotions may develop ______________.

50. Men who observe traditional masculine norms are said to derive less satisfaction from ______________.

51. When males get angry, they can become ______________ or even commit violence.

Section B

Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

In the early 20th century, few things were more appealing than the promise of scientific knowledge. In a world struggling with rapid industrialization, science and technology seemed to offer solutions to almost every problem. Newly created state colleges and universities devoted themselves almost entirely to scientific, technological, and engineering fields. Many Americans came to believe that scientific certainty could not only solve scientific problems, but also reform politics, government, and business. Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world. After World War Ⅱ, the academic world turned with new enthusiasm to humanistic studies, which seemed to many scholars the best way to ensure the survival of democracy. American scholars fanned out across much of the world—with support from the Ford Foundation, the Fulbright program, etc.—to promote the teaching of literature and the arts in an effort to make the case for democratic freedoms.

In the America of our own time, the great educational challenge has become an effort to strengthen the teaching of what is now known as the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math). There is considerable and justified concern that the United States is falling behind much of the rest of the developed world in these essential disciplines. India, China, Japan, and other regions seem to be seizing technological leadership.

At the same time, perhaps inevitably, the humanities—while still popular in elite colleges and universities—have experienced a significant decline. Humanistic disciplines are seriously underfunded, not just by the government and the foundations but by academic institutions themselves. Humanists are usually among the lowest-paid faculty members at most institutions and are often lightly regarded because they do not generate grant income and because they provide no obvious credentials (资质) for most nonacademic careers.

Undoubtedly American education should train more scientists and engineers. Much of the concern among politicians about the state of American universities today is focused on the absence of “real world” education—which means preparation for professional and scientific careers. But the idea that institutions or their students must decide between humanities and science is false. Our society could not survive without scientific and technological knowledge. But we would be equally impoverished (贫困的) without humanistic knowledge as well. Science and technology teach us what we can do. Humanistic thinking helps us understand what we should do.

It is almost impossible to imagine our society without thinking of the extraordinary achievements of scientists and engineers in building our complicated world. But try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values. We have always needed, and we still need, both.

52. In the early 20th century Americans believed science and technology could _______.

[A] solve virtually all existing problems [C] help raise people’s living standards

[B] quicken the pace of industrialization [D] promote the nation’s social progress

53. Why did many American scholars become enthusiastic about humanistic studies after World WarⅡ?

[A] They wanted to improve their own status within the current education system.

[B] They believed the stability of a society depended heavily on humanistic studies.

[C] They could get financial support from various foundations for humanistic studies.

[D] They realized science and technology alone were no guarantee for a better world.

54. Why are American scholars worried about education today?

[A] The STEM subjects are too challenging for students to learn.

[B] Some Asian countries have overtaken America in basic sciences.

[C] America is lagging behind in the STEM disciplines.

[D] There are not enough scholars in humanistic studies.

55. What accounts for the significant decline in humanistic studies today?

[A] Insufficient funding. [C] Shortage of devoted faculty.

[B] Shrinking enrollment. [D] Dim prospects for graduates.

56. Why does the author attach so much importance to humanistic studies?

[A] They promote the development of science and technology.

[B] They help prepare students for their professional careers.

[C] Humanistic thinking helps define our culture and values.

[D] Humanistic thinking helps cultivate students’ creativity.

Passage Two

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton.

Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn’t been born yet, or is a baby now. That’s because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved.

But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einstein emerging anytime soon.

For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einstein’s day, there were on ly a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to spare.

Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einstein’s training that is overlooked is th e years of philosophy he read as a teenager—Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasn’t long before he became a philosopher himself.

“The independence created b y philosophical insight is—in my opinion—the mark of distinction between a mere artisan (工匠) or specialist and a real seeker after truth,” Einstein wrote in 1944.

And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well known. Einstein would furiously play his violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem.

Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There aren’t many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practical—and rewarding—efforts.

“Maybe there is an Einstein out there today,” said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, “but it would be a lot harder for him to be heard.”

Especially considering what Einstein was proposing.

“The actual fabric of space and time curving? My God, what an idea!” Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. “It takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe you’ll find the solution.”

Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his “miracle year” of 1905. These “thought experiments” were pages of calculations signed and submitted to the prestigious journal Annalen der Physik by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citations.

What might happen to such a submission today?

“We all get papers like those in the mail,” Greene said. “We put them in the junk file.”

57. What do scientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first two paragraphs?

[A] Einstein pushed mathematics almost to its limits.

[B] It will take another Einstein to build a unified theory.

[C] No physicist is likely to surpass Einstein in the next 200 years.

[D] It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.

58. What was critical to Einstein’s success?

[A] His talent as an accomplished musician. [B] His independent and abstract thinking.

[C] His untiring effort to fulfill his potential. [D] His solid foundation in math theory.

59. What does the author tell us about physicists today?

[A] They tend to neglect training in analytical skills.

[B] They are very good at solving practical problems.

[C] They attach great importance to publishing academic papers.

[D] They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits.

60. What does Brian Greene imply by saying “... it would be a lot harder for him to be heard” (Lines 1-2, Para. 9)?

[A] People have to compete in order to get their papers published.

[B] It is hard for a scientist to have his papers published today.

[C] Papers like Einstein’s would unlikely get published today.

[D] Nobody will read papers on apparently ridiculous theories.

61. When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein _______.

[A] forgot to make footnotes and citations [B] was little known in academic circles

[C] was known as a young genius in math calculations[D] knew nothing about the format of academic papers

Part V Cloze (15 minutes)

America’s most popular newspaper website today announced that the er a of free online journalism is drawing to a close. The New York Times has become the biggest publisher yet to 62 plans for a paywall around its digital offering, 63 the accepted practice that internet users will not pay for news.

Struggling 64 an evaporation of advertising and a downward drift in street corner sales, The New York Times 65 to

introduce a “metered” model at the beginning of 2011. Readers will be required to pay when they have 66 a set number of its online articles per month.

The decision puts the 159-year-old newspaper 67 the charging side of an increasingly wide chasm (鸿沟) in the media industry. But others, including the Guardian, have said they will not 68 internet readers, and certain papers, 69 London’s Evening Standard, have gone furt her in abandoning readership revenue by making their print editions 70 .

The New York Times’s publisher, Arthur Sulzberger, 71 that the move is a gamble: “This is a 72 , to a certain degree, in where we think the web is going.”

Boasting a print 73 of 995,000 on weekdays and 1.4 million on Sundays, The New York Times is the third bestselling American newspaper, 74 the Wall Street Journal and USA Today. 75 most US papers focus on a single city, The New York Times is among the few that can 76 national scope—as well as 16 bureaus in the New York area, it has 11 offices around the US and 77 26 bureaus elsewhere in the world.

But 78 many in the publishing industry, the paper is in the grip of a 79 financial crisis. Its parent company, the New York Times Company, has 15 papers, but 80 a loss of $70 million in the nine months to September and recently accepted

a $250 million 81 from a Mexican billionaire, Carlos Slim, to strengthen its balance sheet.

62. [A] set in [C] carry over [B] set out [D] carry away

63. [A] abusing [C] developing[B] deducting [D] abandoning

64. [A] with [C] along [B] beside [D] by

65. [A] engages [C] deliberates [B] intends [D] signifies

66. [A] exceeded [C] assumed [B] multiplied [D] revealed

67. [A] on [C] over [B] of [D] up

68. [A] cost [C] expend [ B] consume [D] charge

69. [A] as for [C] such as [B] far from [D] by far

70. [A] reliable [C] applicable [B] free [D] easy

71. [A] resisted [C] acknowledged[B] certified [D] appealed

72. [A] net [C] bet [B] kit [D] pit

73. [A] evaluation [C] circulation [B] expansion [D] dimension

74. [A] behind [C] before[B] against [D] within

75. [A] If [C] Hence [B] While [D] Because

76. [A] ascend [C] lengthen [B] announce [D] claim

77. [A] contributes [C] maintains [B] disposes [D] encounters

78. [A] like [C] from [B] beyond [D] through

79. [A] heavy [C] rough[B] crude [D] serious

80. [A] targeted [C] suffered[B] suspended [D] tolerated

81. [A] asset [C] accoun[B] bill [D] loan

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

82. There is no denying that you __________________________________ (越仔细越好) in dealing with this matter.

83. Only when I reached my thirties _____________________________(我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的).

84. Much _________________________________(使研究人员感到惊讶), the outcome of the experiment was far better than they had expected.

85. Oh, my, I can’t find my key; ______________________________(我一定是把它忘在哪儿了).

86. I ____________________________________________ (宁愿加入你们去做义工) than go to the beach for a holiday.

总结：

2017年12月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案第三卷

2017年12月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版第3套) Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Help others, and you will be helped when you are in need." You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Part Ⅰ Writing Be Generous with Your Help When it comes to the topic of help, we are frequently told that, "Help others, and you will be helped when you are in need. '' Simple as the saying is, it implies the importance of helping others in need. What I learn from the remark, in short words, is that helping others is helping yourself. Examples can easily be found to make this point clearer. The story of the ant and the dove is a case in point. An ant slipped into the river when drinking along the river. A dove heard his cries for help and threw him a leaf, which helped the ant float back to the bank. After a few days, a hunter was raising his gun to the dove as she was building her nest. Seeing this, the ant ran quickly to bite the hunter's leg. The dove heard the hunter's scream and flew away. All in all, this example indicates that when we offer our help to others, we are leaving a way open for the future. Helping others is a virtue, and we should take some measures to carry forward this virtue and do others a favor. Only in this way can we build a loving and harmonious society. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) 说明：由于2017年12月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Many European countries have been making the shift to electric vehicles交通工具and Germany has just stated that they plan to ban the sale of vehicles using gasoline汽油and diesel柴油as fuel燃料by 2030. The country is also planning to reduce its carbon footprint碳排放by 80-95% by 2050, O26sparking点火、导致 a shift to green energy in the country. Effectively, the ban will include the registration of new cars in the country as they will not allow any gasoline L27powered vehicle to be registered after 2030. Part of the reason this ban is being discussed and H28 implemented is because energy officials see that

(完整word版)高考语文卷排版格式

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 语文 第Ⅰ卷阅读题 甲必考题 一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）（文字：五号黑体加粗。数字：Times New Romar） 阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。(文字：五号宋体加粗。数字：Times New Romar) “苏幕遮”的传播（文字：小四号宋体） “苏幕遮”早期又名“苏莫遮”、“苏摩遮”，是一个常见的词牌名。但有关这一词牌在中国的演变过程，似乎较少有人完全清楚。（文字：五号楷体-GB2312。数字：五号楷体-GB2312）（摘编自《文史知识》） 1．下列关于“苏幕遮”的表述，不正确的一项是（）(文字：五号宋体。数字：Times New Romar) A．苏幕遮是在唐代武则天当政时期风靡一时的一种泼胡乞寒的乐舞游戏，表演时，舞者用油囊装水，互相泼洒，唐人称之为“泼寒胡戏”。(文字：五号宋体。数字、字母：Times New Romar) （注意：选项“A”与题目中文字“下”对齐） 二、古代诗文阅读（32分）（文字：五号黑体加粗。数字：Times New Romar） （一）文言文阅读（17分）(文字：五号宋体加粗。数字：Times New Romar) 阅读下面的文言文，完成4～7题。(文字：五号宋体。数字：Times New Romar) 专诸者，吴堂邑人也。伍子胥之亡楚而如．吴也，知专诸之能。伍子胥既见吴王僚，说以伐楚之 利。（文字：五号楷体-GB2312。） （节选自《史记?刺客列传》）(文字：五号宋体。数字：Times New Romar) 4．对下列句子中加点的词的解释，不正确的一项是（）（3分）(文字：五号宋体。数字：Times New Romar) A．伍子胥之亡楚而如．吴也如：往，到……去。(文字：五号宋体。数字、字母：Times New Romar) （注意：选项最后加句号。） （二）古代诗歌阅读（8分）(文字：五号宋体加粗。数字：Times New Romar) 阅读下面这首唐诗，完成8～9题。(文字：五号宋体。数字：Times New Romar) 白帝杜甫 (文字：题目宋体小四作者小五号宋体。) 白帝城中云出门，白帝城下雨翻盆。（文字：五号楷体-GB2312。） [注]①诛求：征求，责求。(文字：小五号宋体。) 8．诗歌第二联描绘了怎样的画面？请简要分析。（4分）(文字：五号宋体。数字、字母：Times New Romar) （三）名篇名句默写（共7分，每空1分）(文字：五号宋体加粗。数字：Times New Romar) 10. 补写出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分。(文字：五号宋体。数字、字母：Times New Romar) （1）子曰：“，思而不学则殆。”（文字：五号楷体-GB2312。） （《论语·为政》）(文字：五号宋体。) 三、文学类文本阅读（14分）（文字：五号黑体加粗。数字：Times New Romar） 11．阅读下面的文字，完成（1）～（3）题。（14分）(文字：五号宋体。数字、字母：Times New Romar) 菩萨（文字：小四号宋体）孙传侠（小五号宋体） 女人每逢初一、十五就来寺里烧香拜菩萨。一年了，无论刮风下雨都来，从来没间断。女人四十多岁，长得妩媚，皮肤白，白得透亮。可女人眼里含着苦。（文字：五号楷体-GB2312。） （选自《小小说月刊》，有删改）(文字：五号宋体。) （1）结合全文分析画线语句的作用。（4分） （2）小说在行文的最后才交代女人拜菩萨的原因，这样写有什么作用？（4分） （3）“菩萨”作为小说的标题，意蕴丰富。请结合全文谈谈你的理解。（6分） 四、语言文字运用（15分）（文字：五号黑体加粗。数字：Times New Romar） 12．下列词语中没有错别字的一组是（）（3分）(文字：五号宋体。数字：Times New Romar) A．寥阔贸然口讷声名鹊起(文字：五号宋体。) 15．依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句，衔接最恰当的一组是（）（3分）(文字：五号宋体。数字：Times New Romar) 名著重拍应有传播民族优秀文化的担当，。, , , 。,其未来的发展就会像逐浪的浮萍，难以找到自己的根系。（文字：五号楷体-GB2312。） ①用当代文化去激活民族优秀文化（文字：五号楷体-GB2312。） 16．仿照下面的示例，自选话题，另写三句话，要求内容贴切，句式与示例相同。（3分） 弱小的草呵！（文字：五号楷体-GB2312。） 骄傲些罢， 只有你普遍的装点了世界。 五、写作（50分）（文字：五号黑体加粗。数字：Times New Romar）

2017年12月六级真题第三套

2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第3套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) （请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Help others, and you will be helped when you are in need " You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30minutes)说明：由于2017年12月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Question 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. Many European countries have been making the shift to electric vehicles and Germany has just stated that they plan to ban the sale of vehicles using gasoline and diesel as fuel by 2030. The country is also planning to reduce its carbon footprint by 80-95% by 2050, ___26___ a shift to green energy in the country. Effectively, the ban will include the registration of new cars in the country as they will not allow any gasoline ___27___ vehicle to be registered after 2030. Part of the reason this ban is being discussed and ___28___ is because energy officials see that they will not reach their emissions goals by 2050 if they do not ___29___ a large portion of vehicle emissions. The country is still ___30___ that it will meet its emissions goals, like reducing emissions by 40% by 2020, but the ___31___ of electric cars in the country has not occurred as fast as expected. Other efforts to increase the use of electric vehicles include plans to build over 1 million hybrid and electric car battery charging stations across the country. By 2030, Germany plans on having over 6 million charging stations ___32___. According to the International Business Times, electric car sales are expected to increase as Volkswagen is still recovering from its emissions scandal. There are ___33___ around 155,000 registered hybrid and electric vehicles on German roads, dwarfed by the 45 million gasoline and diesel cars driving there now. As countries continue setting goals of reducing emissions, greater steps need to be taken to have a ___34___ effect on the surrounding environment. While the efforts are certainly not ___35___, the results of such bans will likely only start to be seen by generations down the line, bettering the world for the future. A) acceptance I) incidentally B) currently J) installed C) disrupting K) noticeable D) eliminate L) powered E) exhaust M) restoration F) futile N) skeptical G) hopeful O) sparking H) implemented Section B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a

高中数学试卷制作规范

高中数学试卷制作规范 IMB standardization office【IMB 5AB- IMBK 08- IMB 2C】

高中数学(苏教版)试卷制作规范 I 字体、字号及排版 参考公式： 圆柱的体积公式： V 圆柱Sh ， 其中S 是圆柱的底面积，h 为高. 一、字体：文字的外在形式特征． 1.中文字体一般只使用宋体、黑体.试卷标题的第二行、试题类型及要求、页脚使用黑体，正文使用宋体. 2.英文字体一般主要使用“TimesNewRoman ”+斜体样式，如：“a ，b ，c ，xOy ”. 但以下几种情形仍然使用正体样式： ①单位，如：cm 、kg ，“50kg ”中数字与单位之间空半格； ②固定数值，如：e 、i 、π； ③专用函数，如：sin 、log a N ； ④排列组合的符号，如A m n . 另外需要正体加粗的如数集R 、N ，需要斜体加粗的如向量a 、矩阵A . 3.数字使用正体“TimesNewRoman ”，如：. 二、标点、符号与字号 1.标点符号一般都是使用中文状态下的符号. 2.句号只有在注意事项中使用空心句号“。”，其他地方使用实心句号“.”. 3.公式间的逗号也应该使用中文宋体下的逗号“，” .

4.“加、减、等于”等符号可以使用字体“Symbol”，如：“xyzs”，常用的几个希腊字母也可以使用Symbol字体，如abgq分别对应. 5.“大于等于，小于等于，平行，度”等可以使用搜狗拼音输入：“≥，≤，∥，°”. 6.试卷标题的字号一般为三号，注意事项和公式的标题字号为四号，试题类型及要求的字号为五号，试题正文的字号也为五号. 三、排版 1.顶格 试题类型及要求及试题，它们的第一行都应顶格.填空题的第一个字符不应是数字，解答题题号后一般为“(本小题满分××分)”. 2.对齐 每一层的正文应对齐，即题号、问题号所在行的下一行都应向右推. 3.靠右 试题中的图像应右对齐，填空题中如果相近的试题都有图像，那么这些图像应相对集中，可以放在同一行中.图像的正下方应有题号的标注，如： IIWord、Mathtype的使用 【Mathtype设置】在使用公式编辑器Mathtype之前，请设置好三个参数. A.[尺寸(大小)：定义] 如下图，将12改为，这样公式的字号与五号相当. B.[格式：定义间距] 如下图，将分子高度改成15，分母深度改成60. C.[选项：工作区选项] 如下图，勾选“允许从键盘TeX的语言输入”. 【Word、Mathtype使用技巧与注意点】 (第××题)

2017年12月六级仔细阅读真题及解析(卷二)

Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. You may have heard that Coca-Cola once contained an ingredient capable of sparking particular devotion in consumers: cocaine. The “ coca” in the name referred the extracts of coca leaf that the drinks originator, chemist John Pemberton, mixed with his sugary syrup（姜汁）.At the time, coca leaf extract mixed with wi ne was a com mon tonic（滋补品），and Pembert on ' s sweet brew was a way to get around local laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol. But the other half of the name represents another ingredient, less infamous（名声不好的）,perhaps, but also strangely potent: the kola nut. In West Africa, people have long chewed kola nuts as stimulants, because they contain caffeine that also occurs naturally in tea, coffee, and chocolate. They also have heart stimulants. Historian Paul Lovejoy relates that the cultivation of kola nuts in West Africa is hundreds of years old. The leafy, spreading trees were planted on graves and as part of traditional rituals. Even though the nuts, which need to stay moist, can be somewhat delicate to transport, traders carried them hundreds of miles throughout the forests and grasslands. Europeans did not know of them until the 1500s, when Portuguese ships arrived on the coast of what is now Sierra Leone. And while the Portuguese took part in the trade, ferrying nuts down the coast along with other goods, by 1620, when English explorer Richard Jobson made his way up the Gambia, the nuts were still peculiar to his eyes. By the late 19th century, kola nuts were being shipped by the tonne to Europe and the US. Many made their way into medicines, intended as a kind of energy boost. One such popular medicinal drink was Vin Mariani, a French product consisting of coca extract mixed with red wine. It was created by a French chemist, Angelo Mariani, in 1863. So when Pemberton created his drink,it representedan ongoing trend. When cocaine eventually fell from grace as a beverage ingredient, kola-extract colas became popular. The first year it was available, Coca-Cola averaged nine servings a day across all the Atlanta soda fountains where it was sold. As it grew more popular, the company sold rights to bottle the soda, so it could travel easily. Today about 1.9 billion Cokes are purchased daily. It' s become so iconic that attempts to change its taste in 1985 sweetening it in a move projected to boost sales —proved disastrous, with widespread anger from consumers. -“CoClaocCalassic ,”returned to store shelves just three months after the “New Coke” was released. These days, the Coca-Cola recipe is a closely guarded secret. But it' s said to no longer contain kola nut extract, relying instead on artificial imitations to achieve the flavour. 你可能听说可口可乐曾经含有一种能够使消费者“死忠”的成分：可卡因名中的“ coca”指的是古柯叶的提取物，该饮料的创始人化学家约翰?彭伯顿用它与含糖的姜汁混合在一起。当时，古柯叶提取物与葡萄酒混合是常见的滋补品，而当地法律禁止出售含酒精饮料，彭伯顿的甜饮则避开了该法律。“cola ”代表另一种成分——可乐果：尽管名声不太好，但非常给力。 在西非，人们长期以来一直嚼着可乐果作为兴奋剂，因为它们含有咖啡因。咖啡因在茶、咖啡和巧克力中也天然存在。它们也有心脏兴奋剂。

试卷的排版方法和技巧

标准试卷排版方法与技巧 一、新建一个Word文档 二、对Word文档进行页面设置 一般来说：标准的试卷都是Ｂ４，横排，分两栏。具体操作如下： 单击“文件”菜单，选择“页面设置”命令，打开“页面设置”对话框。 (1)单击“纸张”选项卡，在“纸张大小”列表中选择纸型为Ｂ４（或自定义８开２６．０ｃｍ×３６．８ｃｍ） (2)单击“页边距”选项卡，将上下左右的页面边距分别设为：1.5、1.5、5.0、1.5，左侧大的原因是因为左侧要增加一个学生信息区，同时将“纸张方向”由“纵向”改为“横向”。装订线位置选默认“左侧”单击确定。 (3)单击“格式”菜单中的“分栏”命令，打开分栏对话框，将“分栏数”设为“2”，选择“栏宽相等”“栏间距”设为“4字符”并把“分栏线”设为“空线”，这样卷面更美观。单击确定。 三、.考生信息区的制作 一份标准试卷的信息区一般包括：学校、班级、姓名、学号等内容，这些内容应放在试卷的左上方，其方法如下： 单击插入菜单中的文本框——选择横排——在试卷的左上方托出适当大小的文本框，然后把相应的内容输进去，做一下格式设置。 去掉文本框的框线：（双击文本框的框线，设置线条颜色为无线条颜色） 四、试卷标题及字号 （一）、分级标题 大标题：宋体三号加粗 一级标题为：一、；字号为：宋体小四加粗。 二级标题为：（二）、；字号为：宋体五号 三级标题为：1.；字号为：宋体五号

四级标题为：（1）；字号为：宋体五号 选项用ABCD 署名、正文：宋体五号。 有表格的，表格内字要居中：选定表格，点右键弹出菜单，选“单元格对齐方式”选项，选择点击居中图示即可。 五、装订线的制作： 把绘图工具栏调出来（单击“视图”菜单——选择工具栏中的绘图，这样绘图工具栏就会显示在界面的下方），选择直线工具，在试卷的左侧画出一条竖直线（借助Shift 键画直线），然后双击该直线，进入“设置自选图形对话框”设置线条为虚线，粗细适当设置。 六、登分框的制作： 单击表格菜单——选择插入命令中的表格——选择行数和列数——确定——输入相应的内容，做下格式设置就可以了。 七、批阅框的制作 在每道大题的左侧，一般都要求提供批阅框，包括评卷人、得分两项，直接利用“表格→插入表格”就可以了，然后按需依次复制。（一定要注意：插入表格后必须选中表格，单击鼠标右键，在弹出的菜单里选“表格属性”，将其对齐方式设为“环绕”方式，这样才可以图文一、新建一个Word文档 八、页码的添加 第一种方法：试卷分为左、右两栏，一般要求每栏都要显示“《XX课目》试卷第XX 页(共XX页)”字样，但如果使用“插入→页码”的方式，根本无法达到这一效果。可以利用“图形”工具栏的“水平文本框”工具，拖出一文本框，在其框内输入：“《XX课目》试卷第XX页(共XX页)”，调整好字体、字号，然后移动到底部就可以了。其他页的页码复制后修改页码即可。

2017年12月英语六级第二套阅读真题与答案

2017年12月英语六级第二套阅读真题与答案 Section A 26. I) permit 27. O) territory 28. F) exclusive 29. C) commercial 30. D) communities 31. E) essential 32. G) independent 33. M) sponsor 34. J) secure 35. N) stocks Section B 36. [E] Online services are so designed that the more they are used, the more profit they generate. 37. [L] The author admits using technology as an escape from the task at hand. 38. [I] Checking phones at dinners is now accepted as normal but not belching. 39. [O] To make proper use of technology, we should not only increase our awareness of how it is changing but also how it is impacting us. 40. [B] Most of us find it hard to focus on our immediate tasks because of Internet distractions. 41. [J] When one person starts checking their phone, the others will follow suit. 42. [F] The great majority of smartphone users don’t take the trouble to adjust their settings to suit their own purposes. 43. [D]The Internet is regarded by some as designed to distract our attention. 44. [L] The author attributes his tech addiction chiefly to his habit of putting off doing what he should do right away.

2017年12月六级真题(第一套)

1 2017年12月六级考试真题（第一套） 为了让大家更好地模拟真实考场，文都网校四六级完全按照真题卷面顺序排版了本套真题，Part I 写作部分被放在了试卷的最后一页，与听力部分完全隔开，请大家在备考过程中提早适应卷面顺序！ Part II Listening Comprehension (30minutes)Section A Directions:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1to 4are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1.A)Host a talk on how to give a good speech. B)Give a lecture on the history of the town. C)Say a few words to thank the speaker. D)Introduce the speaker to the audience. 2.A)He has worked with Miss Bligh for 20years. B)He has published a book on public speaking. C)He was the founder of the local history society.

2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案(第三套)

2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案（第三套）“考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对。” Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Help others,and you will be helped when you are in need "you can cite examples to ilustrate your views. you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200。 Part II Listening comprehension(30miutes) Section a Section a Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1、a)they forbid business produce more foods than needed b)they facilitate the donation of unsold foods to the needy c)they prohibit the sale of foods that have gone stale d)they reward businesses that eliminate food waste 2、a)it passed a law aiming to stop overproduction b)it prohibited the promotion of bulk food sales c)it voted against food import from outside europe d) imposed penalties on businesses that waste food 3. a)it has penalized businesses that keep overproducing foods b) it has started a nationwide campaign against food waste c) it has warmed its people against possible food shortag d) it has banned supermarkets from dumping edible foods 4. a)americans habit of buying food in bulk. b)a lack of regulation on food consumption.

试卷制作流程

新试卷模版和有关试卷、答题册管理办法 各有关单位： 为规范考试管理，从本学期起，本科生考试使用学校统一印制的“本科生考试答题册”（下称答题册），现将有关要求通知如下： 一、答题册由哈尔滨工程大学教务处监制，任何单位或个人不得翻印。 二、答题册分7页（八开两张）、11页（八开三张）两个版本，请各教学单位根据课程考核要求选用答题册。 三、每学期开学初，教务处将答题册发放到各教学单位。各单位应派专人负责本单位答题册的使用和管理。 四、试卷排版采用题签形式，应使用统一的试卷模板（可从教务处主页下载），学生使用答题册答题。试卷可由胶印室统一印制，草纸在胶印室领取，答题册在考试前到开课单位领取。 五、开考前，监考教师应监督学生将姓名、班级、学号信息写在密封线内对应位置，指导学生填写学期、课程名称、考试地点等信息，并提醒学生仔细阅读答题册上的注意事项。 六、试卷装订内容依次为：试卷封皮→标准答案及评分标准A卷→标准答案及评分标准B卷→（平时成绩构成说明）→（平时成绩单）→成绩报告单→试卷、成绩分析表（教师）→空白试卷A卷→空白试卷B卷→学生答题册（按成绩单顺序排列），装订其它要求按《〈哈尔滨工程大学关于本科生试卷管理的规定〉补充规定》执行。 *另外请各位老师注意： 在提交装订完整的密封好的试卷袋的同时需要另外交以下材料： 1.空白A、B试卷各一份； 、B试卷评分标准标准答案各一份； 3.试卷、成绩分析表（课程）一份。 成绩单2份 以上材料教务处单独收取，存档备查！

3 、分栏设置：选择“文档网格”，设置栏目为“ 2 ” 。（图2 ）

4 、边距设置：选择“页边距”，“页码范围”设为“对称页边距”；“方向”选择“横向”；“页边距”设置中，上、下、外侧设置为 2 厘米（或者设置为厘米）；内侧设置为 4 至 5 厘米。（图 3 ）

2017年12月大学英语六级真题及答案解析(全三套)

2017年12月大学英语六级真题及答案解析（全三套） 六级听力第一套： Section A Conversation 1 M: And now, for the lighter side of the news, Europe is setting an example for the rest of the world when it comes to food waste. W: That’s right John. This week the Italian government pass legislation that aims to dramatically reduce the amount of food wasted in the country. New laws have been put into place that would make it easier for farms and supermarkets to donate unsold foods to those who are in need. M: Yes. And in addition to this, businesses would now be rewarded for successful efforts to cut food waste. W: Italy is not the only country to focus on reducing food waste. Just earlier this year, the European Parliament voted in favor of legislation that would stop grocery giants from unfair trading practices that result in overproduction, thus creating waste. M: In France, the government has banned supermarkets from throwing away edible foods and imposed harsh penalties on businesses that fail to comply with the regulations. W: While there is still much progress to be made, other countries could learn a thing or two from the example set by France and Italy. In the United States, up to forty percent of all food goes uneaten. Despite the fact that one in seven American households lacks regular access to good food, one major cause of this problem is the confusion over food expiration labels, which are currently not regulated by the government. M: All this could change soon. This wave of new laws in Europe will definitely put more pressure on law makers to reduce food waste here. We turn now to a spokesperson from