研究生综合英语课文翻译加课文重点

Unit One

核心员工的特征

大卫·G．詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?What exactly is a key player?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。

A key player is a phrase that I’ve heard about from employers during just about every search I’ve conducted.我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。I asked a client --a hiring manager involved in a search --to define it for me.每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done.

在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”On my team of seven process engineers and biologist,I’ve got two or three whom I just couldn’t live without他说，“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。He said.key players are essential to my organization.当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。我们只招募核心员工。”And when hire your company to recruit for us ,we expect that you’ll be going into other companies and finding just that :the staff that another manager will not want to see leave .we recruit only key players .

2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。This is part of a pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor’s company to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change .他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。They want to hire a key player from another company .然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。Every company also hires from the ranks of newbies ,and what they are looking for is exactly the same .“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。We hold them up to the standers we see in our top people .假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。”只是这样有点儿冒险。If it looks like they have this traits ,we’ll place a bet on them .It’s just a bit riskier .

3“这是一种有根据的猜测，”我的人事经理客户说。It’s an educated guess ,says my hiring manager client .作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。Your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate that risk .You need to help them identify you as a prospective key player .

4特征1：无私的合作者Trait 1:the selfless collaborator

职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。关于这个特征，人们已经写了大量的文章。John Fetzer ,career consultant and chemist ,first suggested this trait ,which has already been written about a

great deal . 它之所以值得被反复谈及，是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。It deserves repeating because it is the single most public difference between academic and industry .“这里需要合作，”费策尔说，“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。在企业环境中，没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。”It’s teamwork,says Fetzer .The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive,so signs of being collaborative and selfless stand out .You just can’t succeed in an industry environment without this mindset .

5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。Many postdocs and grad students have a tough time showing that they can make this transition because so much of their life has involved playing the independent-researcher role and outshining other young stars. 你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力：为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。You can make yourself more attractive to companies by working together with scientists from other laboratories and disciplines in pursuit of common goal --and documenting the results on your resume .这个方法，加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”，而不是“我”，能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。This

approach ,combined with a liberal use of the pronoun we and not just I when describing your accomplishments ,can change the company’s perception of you from a lone wolf to a selfless collaborator . 更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。Better still ,develop a reputation inside your lab and with people your lab collaborator with as a person who fosters and initiates collaborations --and make sure this quality gets mentioned by those who will take those reference phone calls .

6特征2：紧迫感trait 2:a sense of urgency

唐-豪特是一位给aaas.sciencecareers@org 网站论坛频繁写稿的撰稿人。Don Haut is a frequent contributor to the aaas.sciencecareers@org discussion forum .他之前是一名科学家。许多年前他转向了企业，并一直做到高级管理的职位。He is a former scientist who transitioned to industry many years ago and then on to a senior management position .他在3M公司一个部门负责策略和商业开发工作，这个部门每年上缴的税收高达24亿多美元。他就是一个重视紧迫感的人。Haut heads strategy and business development for a division of 3M with more than 2.4 billion in annual revenues . He is among those who value a sense of urgency .

7“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行，”

豪特说，Business happens 24/7/365 ,which means that competition happens 24/7/365 ,as well ,says Haut .“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’。这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。One way that companies win is by getting there faster ,which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move quickly ,but you have to know how to decide where there is !这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly ,but for those who can think fast and have the courage to act on their convictions .这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。”This requirement needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management .

8特征3：风险容忍度trait 3: risk tolerance

企业要求员工能承受风险。Being OK with risk is something that industry demands .“一名求职者需要表现出仅凭不准确、不完整的信息就做出决策的能力。他或她必须能接纳不确定因素并冒着风险做出结论，”一位客户在职业描述中写道。A candidate needs to have demonstrated the ability to make decisions with imperfect or incomplete information .He or she must be able to embrace ambiguity and stick his or her neck out to drive to a conclusion , wrote one of my clients in a job description .

9豪特赞同这一说法。“商业成功通常有这样一个特质：那就是能接受不确定因素和风险——个人的，组织上的和财务上的。Haut agrees .Business success is often defined by comfort with ambiguity and risk-personal ,organizational ,and financial . 这就让许多科学家感到不适应，因为学术上的成功其实是依靠认真而严谨的研究。This creates a disconnect for many scientists because success in academia is really more about careful ,studied research .更进一步说，伟大的科学常常是由找寻答案的过程和答案本身两者同时来定义的。因此科学家们往往沉迷于过程。Further ,great science is often defined by how one gets to the answer as much as by the itself , so scientists often fall in love with the process .在企业里，你需要了解过程，但最终你会迷上答案，然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒风险。像这样敢冒风险是一套技能组合，是所有雇主在他们最好的员工身上所寻找的东西。”In a business ,you need to understand the process , but you end up falling in love with the answer and then take a risk based on what you think that answer means to your business . Putting your neck on the line like this is a skill set that all employers look for in their best people .

10风险容忍度的另外一个要点是求职者对失败的承受度。Another important piece of risk tolerance is a candidate’s degree of comfort with failure . 失败很重要，因为这表示你不怕冒险。Failure is important because it shows that you were not afraid to take chances .所以各家公司总会寻找有可能犯错误并敢于承认错误的求职者。大家都知

道如何谈论成功——或者当他们在寻找工作的时候应该知道。但很少有人乐意谈论失败，更少有人知道如何从失败的边缘吸取教训和获得经验。So companies consistently look for candidates who can be wrong and admit it . Everyone knows how to talk about successes -----or they should if they’re in a job search ---but far fewer people are comfortable talking about failures ,and fewer still know how to bring lessons and advantages back from the brink .“对我的企业来说，求职者需要坦然地谈论他或她的失败，而且他或她需要有真正的失败经历，而不是特意为面试而杜撰的东西。如果做不到的话，那么这个人冒的风险还不够，”豪特说。For my organization ,a candidate needs to have comfort discussing his or her failures ,and he or she needs to have real failures,not something made up for interview day .If not ,that person has not taken enough risk .says Haut .

11特征4：善于处理人际关系trait 4:strength in interpersonal relationships

瑞克·李奇在迪科德遗传工程公司从事业务拓展。Rick Leach is in business development for deCODE Genetics .李奇最近才转行到企业，做业务方面的工作。Leach made the transition to industry recently ,on the business side of things .我向他咨询这个重要特征，是因为在他的新业务角色中，人际沟通能力在成功和失败之间发挥着很大的作用。I asked him about this key trait because in his new business role ,interpersonal abilities make the difference between success and

failure .“科学家毕生都在积累知识，培养技术上的敏锐感，”他说，“但为企业工作需要完全不同的东西——人际交往的能力。Scientists spend their lives accumulating knowledge and developing technical acumen , he says ,but working for a business requires something else entirely --people skills . 想转行到企业界的科学家们必须优先考虑他们的社会关系资源而不是技术资源。The scientist who is transitioning into the business world must prioritize his or her relationship assets above their technical asset s. 对一个以前一直根据专业知识水平被评价的人来说，突然之间要根据他的人际交往能力来评价他，真是十分令人恐惧。”To suddenly be valued and measured by your mastery of human relationships can be a very scary proposition for a person who has been value and measured only by his mastery of things ,says Rick .

12然而，如果认为只有像李奇那样的生意人才需要熟练的人际沟通技巧，那就错了。It would be a mistake ,however ,to assume that strong people skills are required only for business people like Leach .事实上，我所遇见的在企业工作的核心员工们之所以取得成功，很大程度上是因为他们能够与公司上下各种各样的人共事。Indeed ,the key players I’ve met who work at the bench in industry have succeed in great measure because they’ve been able to work with a broad variety of personalities ,up and down the organization .

UNIT FOUR

下面的文章选自奈杰尔贝诺克瑞提斯的婚姻与家庭。此书在美国的一些大学里被用作社会学和妇女研究等课程的教材，它强调了在当代社会和家庭中所发生的重要变化，探索了家庭成员所面临的选择，以及我们很多人都还未意识到的种种约束。该书还审视了当今美国家庭的多样性，运用跨文化和多元文化的比较，以激发创造性思维来研究21世纪家庭所面临的许多严峻问题。

LOVE AND LOVING RELATIONSHIPS Nijole V. Benokraitis爱和情感连系

1 爱，对于人类的生存是不可或缺的。它既是一种情感，又是一种行为。Love-as both an emotion and a behavior-is essential for human surv ival.家庭通常是我们最早和最重要的爱和情感支持的来源。①The family is usually our earliest and most important source of love and emotion al support. 众所周知，缺乏爱的婴幼儿会产生各种各样的问题，如抑郁症、头痛、生理残疾、神经质或身心疾病，这些病有时会伴随他们一生。②Babies a nd children deprived of love have been known to develop a wide variety of problems-for example, depression, headaches, physiologic al impairments, and neurotic and psychosomatic difficulties-that so metimes last a lifetime. 而对比之下，拥有爱和拥抱的婴儿通常体重增加得快，哭得少，而笑得多。In contrast, infants who are loved and cuddle d typically gain more weight, cry less, and smile more. 到了五岁时，他们的智商和语言测试的分数明显比前一类儿童高得多。By five years of a

ge, they have been found to have significantly higher IQs and to s core higher on language tests.

2 很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects ①how they later get alon g with friends, ②how well they do in school, ③how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and ④how they form and mai ntain loving relationships as adults. 正是因为这些原因，人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。It is for these reasons that p eople's early intimate relationships within their family of originl are so critical.在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。Children who are raised in impersonal environments(orphanage, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems.

3 对自己的爱，或者说自爱，对我们的社会性和情感发展也是至关重要的。Love for oneself, or self-love, is also essential for our social and emotional development. 女演员梅·韦斯特曾说过，“我从没有像爱自己那样爱过别人。”虽然这样的话听起来似乎有些以自我为

中心，实际上却是相当有见地。Actress Mae West once said, "I nev er loved another person the way I loved myself." Although such a statement may seem self-centered, it's actually quite insightful. 社会学家将自爱描述为自尊的一个重要基础。Social scientists describe self-love as an important oasis for self-esteem. 从别的方面来说，自我喜欢的人更乐于接受批评，对别人的要求也不那么苛刻。Among other things, people who like themselves are more open to criticism and less demanding of others. 弗罗姆(1956)认为自爱是爱别人的先决条件。Fromm (1956) saw self-love as a necessary prerequisite fo r loving others. 不喜欢自己的人也许不懂得回报爱，而却有可能不停地寻找爱的关系来改变卑微的自我形象。People who don't like themselves may not be able to return love but may constancy seek love relationships to bolster their own poor self-images. 那么到底什么是爱?是什么让人们走到一起? But just what is love? What brings people together?

4 爱是一个难以描述的概念。Love is an elusive concept. 我们都经历过爱，觉得我们知道爱是什么，然而当被问到什么是爱时，人们给出的答案却不尽相同，比如一个九岁的男孩说，“爱像雪崩，你必须快跑才能活命。”We have all experienced love and feel we know what it is;however,when asked what love is,people give a variety of answers.According to a nine-year-old boy,for example,"Lo ve is like an avalanche where you have to run for your life." 爱

对我们来说意味着什么，这取决于我们所指的是家人之间、朋友之间还是恋人之间的爱。What we mean by love depends on whether we are talking about love for family members,friends,or lovers. 几百

年来爱都是灵感、俏皮的揶揄、甚至是政治活动的来源。Love has been a source of inspiration,wry witticisms, and even political act ion for many centuries.

5 爱有很多层面，它可能是浪漫的，令人激动的，让人着迷的，或者是非理性的。Love has many dimensions. It can be romantic, exciting,obsessive,and irrational.它也可能是柏拉图式的，令人平静的，无私的，或者理智的。It can also be platonic, calming, altruistic, and sensible? 许多研究者觉得爱没有一个唯一的定义，它有程度和强度之分，并且跨越了社会背景。Many researchers feel that love defies a single definition because it varies in degree and intensity and across social contexts. 拥有恋爱关系至少需要具备三个元素：At the v ery least, three elements are necessary for a loving relationship: 1)愿意取悦和迁就另一方，即使需要妥协或牺牲；(1) a willingness to please and accommodate the other person, even if this involves compromise and sacrifice; 2)能接受另一方的错误和缺点；(2) an acceptance of the other person's faults and shortcomings; and3)关心爱人的幸福像关心自己一样。(3) as much concern about the loved one's welfare as one's own. 而且，说自己“处于恋爱中”的人们重视相互之间的关心、亲密和忠诚。And, people who say they are "in love" emphasize caring, intimacy, and

commitment.

6 不管是哪种类型的爱，关心另一方是非常必要的。In any type of love, caring about the other person is essential.虽然爱可能包含激情的渴望，然而相互尊重才是更重要的品质。Although love may, involve passionate yearning, respect is a more important quality. 相互尊重是所有爱的共性：“我想要我爱的人为他自己成长发展，并且用他自己的方式，而不是为了迎合我。”Respect is inherent in all love: "I want the loved person to grow and unfold for his own sake, and in his own ways, and not for the purpose of serving me." 如果没有尊重和关怀，两人的关系就不是建立在爱的基础上；反而成为一种不健康的或者是具有占有欲的依赖，而这会限制爱的双方在社会、情感和智力方面的发展。If respect and caring are missing, the relationship is not based on love. Instead, it is an unhealthy or possessive dependency that limits the lovers' social, emotional, and intellectual growth.

7 爱，特别是长久的爱，和我们从好莱坞、电视、或爱情小说中获得的对爱和狂热的性爱的印象完全不同。Love, especially long-term love, has nothing in common with the images of love or frenzied sex that we get from Hollywood, television, and romance novels. 由于这些印象的缘故，许多人对爱有各种各样的误解，这些误解常常会导致不现实的期望、固定模式或幻觉破灭。Because of these images, many people believe a variety of myths about love. These misconceptions often lead to unrealistic expectations, stereotypes, and disillusionment.事实上，“真”爱更接近于一位作家(约翰逊，1995)所称的“搅燕麦粥之爱”。In fact, "real" love is closer to what one author called "stirring-the-oatmeal love"

(Johnson 1985). 这种爱既不令人激动也不能令人兴奋，但是它却是实实在在的，不浪漫的。This type of love is neither exciting nor thrilling but is relatively mundane and unromantic. 它是付账单，倒垃圾，刷马桶，孩子生病时守夜，以及完成其他各种各样不那么性感的“搅燕麦粥”的任务。It means paying bills, putting out the garbage, scrubbing toilet bowls, being up all night with a sick baby, and performing myriad other ' oatmeal" tasks that are not very sexy.

8有些伴侣们轮流来“搅燕麦粥”，其他人则寻求一种能带来浪漫的烛光美餐的恋爱关系。Some partners take turns stirring the oatmeal. Other people seek relationships that offer candlelit gourmet meals in a romantic setting. 不管我们是否决定建立认真的恋爱关系，是什么样的爱让我们走到一起?Whether we decide to enter a serious relationship or not, what type of love brings people together?

9 一开始让人相互吸引的是什么?许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”，而且命运会将你俩带到一起。What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that "there's one person out there that one is meant for" and that destiny will bring them together. 这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic.实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together. 我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准

则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are "filtered out" by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due ton factors such as age, race, distance, Social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearance.

10 从童年开始，父母们就通过选择某个街区和学校，或是鼓励或是限制孩子未来的情感关系。Beginning in childhood, parents encourage or limit future romantic liaisons by selecting certain neighborhoods and schools. 在青少年早期，同伴们的标准也会影响青少年决定哪些情感关系是可以接受的(“你想和谁约会?”)。In early adolescence,pear norms influence the adolescent's decisions about acceptable romantic involvements ("You want to date who?!"). 甚至在13岁之前，情感经历就由社会和群体的活动和期望所决定和培养起来了。Even during the preteen years, romantic experiences are cultured in the sense that societal and group practices and expectations shape romantic experience. 虽然爱情可以跨越文化和民族的界线，但批评和赞同教会了我们什么是可以接受的浪漫行为和与谁发生浪漫行为。Although romance may cross cultural or ethnic borders, criticism and approval teach us what is acceptable romantic behavior and with whom. 一个人也许会对另一个人产生“欲望”，但是如果有强烈的文化或族群反对，我们中的大多数人即使有这样的渴望也不会因此而爱上某人的。One might "lust" for someone, but these yearnings will not lead most

of us to "fall in love" if there are strong cultural or group bans.

11 里根和波谢德(1999)曾把贪欲、性欲和浪漫的爱加以区分。Regan and Berscheid (1999) differentiate between lust, desire, and romantic love. 他们把贪欲描述为身体上的而非情感上的兴奋，是一种有意识的或无意识的状态。They describe lust as primarily physical rather than emotional, a condition that may be conscious or unconscious. 相反性欲是一种心理状态，在这种心理状态下，一个人想建立一种目前还不具有的恋爱关系，或者是想进行一种目前还没有进行的行为。Desire, in contrast, is a psychological in which one wants a relationship that one doesn't now have, or to engage in an activity in which one is not presently engaged.性欲可能会成为或不会成为浪漫的爱情(作者把浪漫的爱情等同于充满激情或性欲的爱)。Desire may or may not lead to romantic love (which the authors equate with passionate or erotic love). 里根和波谢德认为：性欲是点燃并维持浪漫爱情的必要成分。Regan and Berscheid suggest that desire is an essential ingredient for initiating and maintaining romantic love. 一旦性爱消失了，一个人就不能再说成是还处在浪漫恋情中。If desire disappears, a person is no longer said to be in a state of romantic love. 一旦欲望消失了，失望的恋人就会诧异原来他们关系中的“火花”去哪儿了，他们可能会很遗憾地(而且渴望地)怀念“过去的美好时光”。Once desire diminishes, disappointed lovers may wonder where the "spark" in their relationship has gone and may reminisce regretfully (and longingly) about "the good old days".

12 然而，我们不应就此得出性欲总是以身体的亲密接触告终，或性与浪漫爱情是同一回事的结论。One should not conclude, however, that desire always culminates in physical intimacy or that desire is the same as romantic love. 结了婚的伴侣们可以深爱对方，即使很少或从来没有身体的亲密接触。Married partners may love each other even though they rarely, or never, engage in physical intimacy.此外，爱，尤其是长期的爱，和浪漫的爱是有很大区别的。In addition, there are some notable differences between love-especially long-term love-and romantic love.健康的恋爱关系，不管它们是有性的或是无性的(比如对家人的爱)都反映了关怀、亲密和忠诚的平衡。Healthy loving relationships,whether physical or not(such as love for family members), reflect a balance of caring, intimacy, and commitment.

Unit Five

“瑜伽”这个词源于梵语，意思是“结合”或“联合”，传统上瑜伽是一种把个人和神，万物之灵或无穷的意识联合在一起的方法。为了帮助达到这个也被称为“自我超越”或“启蒙”的目的，设计了身体上和精神上的锻炼方法。The term yoga comes from a Sanskrit word which means yoke or union .traditionally ,yoga is a method joining the individual self with the Divine ,Universal Spirit ,or Cosmic Consciousness . Physical and mental exercises are designed to help achieve this goal also called self-transcendence or enlightenment . 在身体上，设计了各种瑜伽姿势来使人的身体结

实、强壮，有协调性，练习这些体位能使脊柱变得柔软健康，血液更通畅地到达各器官、腺或人体组织，从而使身体各系统更健康穹.在精神上，瑜伽使用呼吸法和冥想使心境平和、澄净，精神得到很好的修养。On the physical level ,yoga postures ,called asanas ,are designed to tone ,strengthen ,and align the body . These postures are performed to make the spine supple and healthy and to promote blood flow to all the organs glands , and tissues ,keeps all the bodily systems healthy . On the mental level ,yoga uses breathing techniques and meditation to quiet ,clarify and discipline the mind .但是专家们很快指出瑜伽不是一种宗教，而是将健康与平和的心境结合在一起的一种生活方式。However ,experts are quick to point out that yoga is not a religion ,but a way of living with health and peace of mind as its aims .

瑜伽在美国

道格拉斯·多普勒1瑜伽起源于古印度，是世界上最古老的哲学体系之一。一些学者估计，瑜伽至少有5,000年的历史；印度曾出土过3,000年前的表现瑜伽姿势的手工艺品。Yoga originated in ancient India and is one of the longest surviving philosophical systems in the world . Some scholars have estimated that yoga is as old as 5000 years ;artifacts detailing yoga postures have been found in India from over 3000 B.C.瑜伽师们认为，经过几千年的考验和完善，

瑜伽已经发展成为一门养生的成熟科学。19世纪晚期，印度学者、瑜伽师斯瓦米·维韦卡南达在芝加哥做了一场关于冥想的演讲，从此瑜伽传人了美国。Yogis claim that it is a highly developed science of healthy living that has been tested and perfected for all these years . Yoga was first brought to America in the late 1800s when Swami Vivekananda ,an India teacher and yogi ,presented a lecture on meditation in Chicago. 慢慢地有人开始练习瑜伽，并在20世纪60年代东方哲学热盛行的时候形成了学习瑜伽的高潮。从此，瑜伽知识在美国传播开来，许多学徒专程前往印度学习，很多印度瑜伽师也来到美国教学，创办了大量瑜伽学校。Yoga slowly began gaining flowers ,and flourished during the 1960s when there was a surge of interest in Eastern philosophy . There has since been a vast exchange of yoga knowledge in America,with many students going to India to study and many Indian experts coming here to teach ,resulting in the establishment of a wide variety of schools .今天的美国，瑜伽已十分盛行，瑜伽教练和练习者随处可见。最近一项由《瑜伽月刊》委托洛普民调机构所做的调查显示，有1,100万的美国人至少会偶尔做一次瑜伽，另有600万的美国人会经常做瑜伽。Today yoga is thriving ,and it has become easy to find teachers and practitioners throughout American . A recent Roper poll ,commissioned by Yoga Journal ,found that 11 million Americans do yoga at least occasionally and six million

perform it regularly .瑜伽已被广泛应用于身体治疗和专业运动队的日常训练，做瑜伽的好处也被电影明星和《财富》杂志世界500强企业的总裁们争相吹捧。Yoga stretches are used by physical therapists and professional sports teams ,and the benefits of yoga are being touted by movie stars and fortune 500 executives .许多医学名校已经研究并提出能够有效缓解疾病和压力的瑜伽术了。包括加州大学洛杉矶分校在内的一些医学院甚至还为内科医学专业的学生开设了瑜伽课程。Many prestigious schools of medicine have studied and introduced yoga techniques as proven therapies for illness and stress . Some medical schools like UCLA,even offer yoga classes as part of their physician training program .

2美国有许多不同的哈他(传统)瑜伽学派，其中影响最大的是艾扬格派和阿斯汤加派。艾扬格瑜伽的创立者是波·可·斯·艾扬格，他是世界上目前仍健在的最伟大的瑜伽改革者之一。艾扬格瑜伽十分注重姿势的精准，它采用新的方式和顺序练习传统瑜伽。There are several different schools of hatha yoga in America ;the two most prevalent ones are Iyengar and Ashtanga yoga . Iyengar yoga was founded by B.K.S. Iyengar who is widely considered as one of the great living innovators of yoga . Iyengar yoga puts strict emphasis on form and alignment,and uses traditional hatha yoga techniques in new manners and sequences .艾扬格瑜伽有助于身体治疗，因为它允许练习者使用瑜伽伸展带、

原文加翻译Growingpains

牛津高中英语模块一第二单元Growing pains Growing pains Many teenagers feel lonely, as if no one understands them and the changes they are going through. Day by day, everything seems different, yet the same. Life never seems to be going fast enough; yet, in other ways, like a race car, life seems to be rushing too fast and even going out of control. Has anyone else ever felt this way? These feelings are a common part of adolescence—the time of life between child and adult. And, though it may some times be difficult to believe, you are not alone—every adult has gone through adolescence, and your friends are going through it right now along with you. It is common for teenagers to feel lonely and misunderstood. These feelings can be thought of as growing pains—the difficulties that teenagers face as they grow to adults. As teenagers grow, it is normal for them to become confused with the changing world both inside and outside of them. During adolescence, teenagers go through great physical changes. They grow taller and their voices get deeper, among many other developments. Along with these physical changes, there come many psychological changes. Boys and girls tend to be different in this regard. Many boys become risk-takers—they want to find their own limits and the limits of the world around them, but may not have the wisdom to make good choices in their behavior. At the same time, girls often want someone—anyone—to talk to, as they try to deal with their strong feelings. In the social world, as teenagers get older, they struggle to depend on themselves. They may badly want and need their parents’love, yet feel distant; they may want to be part of the group, yet desire independence. Since teenagers have difficulty balancing these needs, they often question who they are and how they fit in society. The good news is that these kinds of growing pains do not last. In the end everything turns out OK—the teenager becomes a healthy adult, and this period of change and challenge is traded for the changes and challenges of grown-up life. 好在这些成长的烦恼并不会持久。最终一切都会好起来——青少年成长为健康的成年人，而青春期的变化和挑战则转变为成人生活中的种种变化和挑战。在大千社会中，随着青少年长大，他们努力地自力更生。他们或许迫切需要父母的关爱，却又感觉疏远；他们或许想要成为团体的一员，但又渴望独立。正因为青少年们在平衡这些需要时有困难，所以他们经常质疑自己到底是谁以及怎样融入社会。与这些生理变化同时而来的，还有很多心理上的变化。男孩和女孩在这方面往往有所不同。很多男孩成为危险尝试者——他们希望找到自己的局限和他们周边世界的局限，但也许并不具有对其行为作出正确抉择的智慧。而与此同时，女孩则通常需要和某个人——或任何人——进行交谈，因为她们试图面对自己强烈的情感。在青少年成长的时候，对自己无论体内还是体外的状态变化感到困惑对他们而言是正常现象。在青春期，青少年经历着身体上的巨大变化。他们个子长高，声音变低，还有很多其他的成长发育。这些感觉是青春期——介于孩童和成人之间的人生阶段——的正常组成部分。而且，虽然有时难以相信，并非只有你才是这样——每一个成年人都经历过青春期，而你的朋友和你一样正经历这个阶段。对青少年而言，感到孤独和被误解是很普遍的。这些情感可以看作是成长的烦恼——是青少年迈向成年时所面对的困难。成长的烦恼很多青少年感到孤独，好像没有人理解他们以及他们正在经历的变化。日子一天天过去，而所有事情似乎都是不同的，可又都是一成不变的。生活似乎从不过得足够快；而从别的方面看，生活似乎过得太快甚至于失控，像开赛车一样。别的人也有过同感么？ Home alone Mom and Dad arrive back from vacation a day earlier than expected. The curtains are closed and the living room is dark when Mom and Dad enter. Dad: It’s so nice to be home!

硕士英语综合教程1课文翻译及课后答案

硕士英语综合教程1 （参考答案）硕士英语综合教程1 （参考答案） Unit 1 单选 (1) receiver (2) unfamiliar (3) extreme (4) worsen (5) unsteady (6) destruction (7) relieve (8) with the help of (9) death (10) in the future 完型 (1) embraced(2) sped up(3) running out(4) urgency(5) initiative (6) specific(7) designated(8) contribute(9) incorporate(10) hampering (11) reward(12) involved(13) adverse(14) adaptive(15) vulnerability (16) alternative(17) context(18) due to(19) compensation(20) scheduled 翻译 (1) Bending under the weight of the packs, sweating, they climbed steadily in the pine forest that covered the mountainside. (2) Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, will trigger brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly. (4) As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs. (5) Bicycles are regarded as an economical alternative to buses whose fares have increased 3 times in the past few years. (6) The U.S. government has called on people to save water because the scarcity of water has become a source of global tension ecologically, economically and politically. (7) In order to be a recognized leader in the industry, it’s essential for a company to improve production quality and tap the overseas market through the help of state of the art technologies and equipment. Unit 2 单选 (1)reduce (2)noticeable (3)compensation (4)perfect (5)carry out (6)useless (7)strengthen (8)simplity (9)wealthy (10)cultivate 翻译 (1) Aliens in China shall abide by Chinese law and no behaviors will endanger the national security of China , harm its public interests or disturb its public order. (3) When learning any foreign language, one has to learn, first and foremost, its new phonological and grammar systems, which means acquiring a totally unfamiliar set of language learning habits. (4) Financial experts suggest that to the women under 30, the income of this phase in general is the lowest. (5) China will increase dialogue and co operation with the United States and the international community to crack down on all forms of terrorist activities. (6) Now it is time to make a well organized schedule from the list, so you need to put first and urgent things first and set the high priorities. (8) In addition, advertisers appeal to the desire for health and prestige, to the desire to be in style, to pride, and to envy and jealousy. 目前,在我国人均国内生产总值突破1000美元。一些国家和地区的发展历程表明,当一个国家的国内生产总值达到1000美元到3000美元时,这个国家的经济发展就进入了一个关键阶段。在这个阶段,都市化程度加快,收入差距继续加大,社会矛盾变得更加复杂。在国际范围内,不断增长的劳动力成本降低了劳动市场的竞争性。在这个阶段,如果应对合理,经济会平稳发展;否则,极有可能引发社会动荡,造成社会资源浪费,破坏生态环境,导致经济衰退。建设和谐社会的目的就是协调不同部门之间的关系,确保经济快速、可持

课文翻译

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论语十二章原文加翻译 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】

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