自考英语国家概况模拟试题及答案

自考英语国家概况模拟试题及答案

I. Directions:Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question four suggested answers A,B,C and D are given. Choose the one you think best to complete the statement or answer the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on you answer sheet. (40 points, 1 point for each)

1. The Federal Court of Australia was established in _______. 参考答案为:B

A. 1976

B．1977

C．1978

D．1979

2. For nearly _____ years Britain was under the Roman occupation. 参考答案为:B

A. 300

B．400

C．500

D．600

3. River _______ is the most important river in Scotland. 参考答案为:D

A. Tweed

B．Tyne

C．Thames

D．Clyde

4. The Houses of Parliament in U.K were rebuilt between 1835 and 1857 after having been destroyed by ____. 参考答案为:C

A. war

B．an earthquake

C．fire

D．an explosion

5. For nearly thirty year, Elizabeth I successfully powers at the time,____, and prevented England from getting involved in any major European conflict. 参考答案为:B

A. Spain and Germany

B．France and Spain

C．Spain and Denmark

D．France and Italy

6. The Watergate Scandal in 1973 made ___ resigned, the first president to do so in U.S. 参考答案为:D

A. Truman

B．Johnson

C．Reagan

D．Nixon

7. When the Hundred Years War ended in 1453, _____ was the only part of France that was still in the hands of English. 参考答案为:C

A. Flanders

B．Sluys

C．Calais

D．Poitou

8. When we speak of “father of waters” or “old man river”, we are referring to ____. 参考答案为:D

A. the Colorado Rive

B．the Ohio River

C．the Missouri River

D．the Mississippi River

9. A total about four fifths of all foreign investments in Canada are ___. 参考答案为:A

A. American

B．Japanese

C．British

D．Australian

10. _______ is the best known of the “metaphysical poets”.参考答案为:C

A. Edmund Spenser

B．Philip Sidney

C．John Donne

D．Ben Jonson

11. In _____ the Parliament Act was passed, severely limiting the powers of the Lords and establishing the Commons as the supreme legislative body. 参考答案为:B

A. 1910

B．1911

C．1912

D．1913

12. About _____ of Britain’s foreign trade is with the member countries of the EC in 1972. 参考答案为:A

A. 1/3

B．2/3

C．1/2

D．1/4

13. The High Court has 3 divisions, ____is the exception. 参考答案为:C

A. Magistrate’s Court

B．Crown Court

C．County Court

D．Youth Court

14. ____ must first come from the House of Representatives. 参考答案为:B

A. Appointments of high officials

B．Revenue bills

C．Military bills

D．Banking bills

15. The largest university in Canada is___. 参考答案为:B

A. Laval University

B．the University of Toronto

C．McGill University

D．Simon Fraser University

16. The sunniest city in Australia is ____. 参考答案为:D

A. Sydney

B．Melbourne

C．Adelaide

D．Darwin

17. All Americans can enjoy a three-day weekend when they celebrate____. 参考答案为:C

A. Washington’s Birthday

B．Independence Day

C．Memorial Day

D．Veterans’ Day

18. The religions leader of the Church of England is _______. 参考答案为:A

A. Archbishop of Canterbury

B．Archbishop of York

C．Lord Chancellor

D．Queen

19. There are some _____ universities in the United Kingdom including the Open University. 参考答案为:C

A. 70

B．80

C．90

D．100

20. Every province in Canada has an elected Legislative Assembly except in Quebec and _____. 参考答案为:B

A. Ontario

B．Newfoundland

C．New Brunswick

D．British Columbia

21. Among the five Australian cities with a population of more than one million, only ___ is on the western coast. 参考答案为:C

A. Sydney

B．Melbourne

C．Perth

D．Adelaide

22. For the following four types of music, _____ is considered the native American music. 参考答案为:C

A. Rock and Roll

B．Jazz

C．Western and Country music

D．classical music

23. Ireland established diplomatic relations with China in the year of _______. 参考答案为:C

A. 1977

B．1978

C．1979

D．1980

24. _______ is the most important agricultural area in US. 参考答案为:B

A. The Middle Atlantic

B．Midwest

C．The Great Plains

D．The American West

25. New Zealand follows the ___ Parliamentary system with some variations. 参考答案为:C

A. French

B．German

C．British

D．Dutch

26. ____ is the largest city of the Great Plains. 参考答案为:B

A. Colorado

B．Denver

C．Cleveland

D．Chicago

27. ____ remain the most significant feature of Irish landscape. 参考答案为:D

A. Lakes

B．Low ridges

C．Cliffs

D．Bogs

28. Greater London is divided into____. 参考答案为:B

A．32 boroughs

B．32 boroughs and the City of London

C．53 boroughs

D．53 boroughs and the City of London

29. After the Civil War, the Untied States saw great developments in the following, with the exception of _________. 参考答案为:B

A. technology

B．education

C．agriculture

D．population

30. The state-run BBC is financed by ____. 参考答案为:B

A. the Government

B．the sale of television license

C．commercial activities

D．both B and C

31. Veterans’ Day originally celebrated the end of the ____.参考答案为:B

A. Civil War

B．First World War

C．Second World War

D．Vietnam War

32. New Zealand needs to import ___ to keep its economy running. 参考答案为:B

A. machinery

B．minerals

C．meat

D．dairy products

33. ______ are now gathered in the Miami area. 参考答案为:D

A. Hispanics

B．Mexican-Americans

C．Puerto Ricans

D．Cuban-Americans

34. President Nixon visited China and met Mao Zedong thus ended _____ years of hostility between the two countries. 参考答案为:D

A. 20

B．21

C．22

D．23

35. The House of Lords is presided over by _____. 参考答案为:B

A. the Queen

B．the Lord Chancellor

C．the Archbishop of Canterbury

D．the Prime Minister

36. Quebec’s legal system is based on _____.参考答案为:B

A. Canadian law

B．French civil law

C．French criminal law

D．British common law

37. _____ is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson. 参考答案为:D

A.Self-reliance

B．Representative Men

C．English Traits

D．The Waste Land

38. ________ is the leading Corn-producing state. 参考答案为:D

A. Missouri

B．Nebraska

C．Kansas

D．Iowa

39. The “Winner-take-all” system applies in all states except _______. 参考答案为:C

A. Rhode Island

B．Washington D.C.

C．Maine

D．Maryland

40. Under the _______ Amendment of the US Constitution, education was included among the responsibilities which were reserved to the states or the people. 参考答案为:B

A. Ninth

B．Tenth

C．Eleventh

D．Twelfth

II.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. (30 points, 3 points for each)

1. When did England begin to be Christianized?

England began to be Christianized in 579.

2. What does the Sovereign’s coronation take place?

The Sovereign’s coronation takes place at Westminster Abbey in London.

3. Why did the population of Ireland decrease from the 1840s until about 1970?

Because it had a high emigration rate.

4. What are the two major political parties in Ireland?

They are FIanna Fail and Fine Gael.

5. What was the postwar strategy of the United States?

The strategy was American leadership of the world and open market for American goods and capital.

6. What are three types of high schools in the United States?

They are comprehensive, academic, vocational and technical schools.

7. Who are the native peoples of Canada?

They are American Indians and Inuit.

8. What kind of system is the Untied States economy based on?

It is based on a free enterprise system.

9. What are the functions of the Senate in Australia?

The Senate in Australia has functioned as a house of review and it also represents the interests of the States.

10. Who do Maori people say discovered New Zealand?

They say that Kupe discovered New Zealand.

III.Directions: Explain the following terms in English. Write you answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. (20 points, 5 points for each)

1. Pilgrims Thanksgiving Day

In 1620, 201 of the Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower. The first winter after their arrival was very cold and when spring came, half of them were dead.

Then the Indians came to their help and taught them how to grow corn. They had a good harvest that year. So they invited the Indians and held the first Thanksgiving celebration in America to give thanks to God.

［解析］感恩节

感恩节，11月的第四个星期四，是一个历史的、国家的、宗教的节日，源于朝圣上帝。美国第一个正式的感恩节是在1621年12月13日，马萨诸塞州的普里茅斯殖民地开始的。定居者或清教徒头一年来到美国，生活非常艰辛。第二年，当地印第安人成为他们的朋友并开始教他们种植玉米和其他食物。移民们秋天获得了好收成，他们邀请印第安人共进丰盛的食品来感谢上帝的仁慈和热爱，吃、喝、玩乐了整整3天。从那以后，感恩节总不定期地举行。

2. McCarthyism

Senator Joseph R. McCarthy started a campaign of wild accusation and arrests in 1950. His full-scale anti-communist hysteria was called McCarthyism. In 1954 he was condemned by the Senate and McCarthyism ended.

［解析］麦卡锡主义的实质是反共和冷战在美国国内的表现。违反权利法案和大规模迫害共产党人和进步人士的浪潮源于美国总统杜鲁门。约瑟夫·麦卡锡和美国全面的反共高潮，吓倒了许多普通美国人，人们感到与大多数人保持一致比独特异议更安全。

3. The Glorious Revolution of 1688

In 1685 Charles II died and was succeeded by his brother James II. James was brought up in exile in Europe, was a Catholic.

He hoped to rule without giving up his personal religious vies. But England was no more tolerant of a Catholic king in 1688 than 40 years ago. So the English politicians rejected James II, and appealed to a Protestant king, William of Orange, to invade and take the English throne. William landed in England in 1688. The takeover was relatively smooth, with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the king. This was known as the Glorious Revolution. On their acceptance of the Bill of Rights in 1689, William and Mary were crowned jointly in Westminster Abbey. The age of constitution monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament began.

［解析］光荣革命——查理二世于1685年去世，詹姆斯二世继位。宗教分歧达到极端。英格兰的政客们废黜了詹姆斯二世，吁请威廉入侵英国，继承英国王位。这次政权更替相对平静，没有大规模的流血冲突，没有处死国王，人们称之为“光荣革命”。后来，威廉和玛丽共同接受“权利法案”，该法案规定任何天主教徒不能继承英国王位，确认了议会至上的原则，保证上、下议院内言论自由。王权受到议会的制约，君主立宪时代于是开始了。

4. They are FIanna Fail and Fine Gael.

In 1789, James Madison introduced in the House of Representatives a series of amendments which later were drafted into twelve proposed amendments and sent to the states for ratification. Ten of them were ratified in 1791 and the first ten amendments to the constitution were called the Bills of Rights because they were to insure individual liberties. By then, the foundation of the American constitutional system was completed.

［解析］1789年，詹姆斯·麦迪逊向众议院提交一系列修正案，1791年批准宪法的前10条修正案——总称权利法案，美国宪法系统的创建工作完成。

IV.Directions: Write between 100-120 words on EITHER of the following topics in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.(10 points)

1. What was the impact of the Vietnam War on American society?

(1)At the beginning of the Vietnam civil war, the United States supported the South Vietnam to contain the North Vietnam and the Communists in the south，but the South Vietnamese government was corrupt and repressive and had no support of the people. The United States had to take over the fighting itself. Thus, the war was Americanized, that is ，the war was fought with American money, weapon, and soldiers.

(2)The Vietnam War had great impact on American society.

①The Uni ted States was weakened as a result of the long war. The war affected American competitiveness in the world, drained American resources, brought about unfavorable balance of trade and saw a significant outflow of gold.

②American society had never been so divided since the Civil War. People were confused and disappointed.

③The war brought about serious disagreement within the ruling circle. A number of high-ranking officials in the Johnson Administration resigned. Contradiction between Congress and the Executive sharpened, which resulted in the passing of the War Power Act.

④The image of the United States and its armed foresees was discredited. American insistence on the continuation of the war drew criticism from American allies and some of its allies refused to support the United States.

［解析］越南战争对美国社会造成重大影响。

（1）国力削弱，大大影响了美国在世界上的竞争力，消耗资源，造成了贸易逆差和大量黄金外流。

（2）社会分化。反战运动、民权运动、反正统文化运动和女权运动等等把社会撕得四分五裂。人们普遍感到迷茫、失望。

（3）统治圈子内部也出现了严重的分歧。国会和政府间的矛盾加深，导致通过了《战争权力法》。这一法案限制总统向海外派兵的权力，要求总统在采取此类行动时与国会协商。

（4）国家形象特别是美国军队的形象受到损坏。战争也遭到了盟国的批评，盟国拒绝支持美国的战争努力。

2. How did the English Industrial Revolution proceed?

(1) The English Industrial Revolution began with the textile industry. There were a series of inventions and improvements of weaving and spinning machines.

In 1733, John Kay invented his flying shuttle. It speeded up hand weaving, creating demand for faster yarn spinning.

The spinning was revolutionized by James Margraves’ “spinning Jenny” in 1776, and it enabled one hand laborer to spin many threads at the time.

Richened Arkwright’s “water frame” (1769) and Samuel Compton’s “mule” (1779) replaced hand labor and required power to drive the machines: first water power, then steam.

Thomas Newcomer devised the first steam engine at the end of the 17th century, but it was the Scottish inventor James Watt who produced a very efficient steam engine with rotary motion that could be applied to textile and other machinery.

(2)George Stephenson invented the first locomotive in 1848.

(3)The wide use of coal instead of charcoal hugely increased the production of iron, especially high-quality iron, which was used for machinery, railways and shipping.

(4)A railway network quickly developed, gradually replacing the old stagecoach as the steamship gradually replaced the sailing ship on the sea-improved transportation ran parallel with production.

As a result of the Industrial Revolution, Britain was the “workshop of the world” by 1830; no other country was yet ready to comp ete with her in industrial production.

［解析］工业革命指18世纪后期和19世纪早期英国的工业机械化及其在社会经济结构上带来的相应变化，它使英国成为第一个实现工业化的国家。

新技术和水力机械的采用可以组织大规模工业生产。变化最早、最快是纺织业。约翰·凯伊发明的飞梭，詹姆斯·哈格里夫斯发明的“珍妮”纺纱机，理查德·阿克莱特的水力纺纱机和赛缪尔·克朗普顿的“骡机”为纺纱业带来革命性变革。以水力和随后的蒸汽动力为代表的动力驱动，例如：埃得蒙德·卡特怀特的动力织布机，苏格兰人詹姆斯·瓦特制成旋转运动的高效蒸汽机，都广泛应用于纺织和其他机械行业。加速工业进程的最重要的因素也许是亚伯拉罕·达比在1709年成功地在炼铁中增加了铁含量。同时，运输情况也得到改善。

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