代词专题

代词专题

知识网络结构图

定义：代替名词以及起名词作用的词、短语或句子的词 1. 人称代词 2. 物主代词 3. 反身代词 4. 指示代词

代词 5. 相互代词 6. 疑问代词

7. 连接代词 8. 关系代词 9. 不定代词

【注】：历年高考试题中，不定代词的测试率最高 （一） 人称代词：表示你、我、他、我们、你们、他们等的词叫人称代词，它有人称、数和格（主格、宾格）的

变化

1. 人称代词的句法功能：主格作主语或表语；宾格作宾语或表语

He would drown his sadness in coffee.（他借咖啡来消愁）

I bought a present for him.

Mind you ,this is just you and me.（听着，这事只能你知我知，决不可外传） 【注】: (1)在电话中常用主格代替宾格形式 ----Is that Mr.Li? ----Yes ,this is he .

(2)人称代词单独使用时，一般不用主格而用宾格 -----I’d like to have a coffee. -----Me ,too.

(3)在非正式英语，尤其是口语中，人称代词作be 的表语时，通常可用宾格形式代替主格 ----Who is it? -----It is me .

(4)在比较状语从句中，在不引起误解的前提下，有时用宾格代替主格；若可能引起误解，就不能用宾格而用主格 Jack is as good a student as he / him . 杰克和他一样是个好学生。 He is stronger than I / me .

He loves you more than I .（他爱你胜过我爱你。） He loves you more than me.（他爱你胜过爱我。） (5)用来表示感叹时常用宾格形式 Dear me ! 天哪！

2.人称代词的排序

（1）两个以上的代词并行排列时，若为单数，为了表达尊敬和谦虚，常常是“你、他、我”的顺序。

You , he and I are all good students.

（2）若承认过失，表示不吉祥或不好的事时，则是“我他你”

I ,he and you will be punished for it.

（3）若代词为复数，常按“我们你们他们’”的顺序排列

We ,you and they have been invited to the party .

（4）若第三人称男女并用，则男先女后

He and she will come to help you .

（5）he 和she的特殊用法：he 可指代雄性动物或庞大威猛之物；she可指代雌性动物或柔弱优美之物Is the kitty a he or she ?

The moon loses her brilliance when the sun makes his appearance.（太阳升起时，月亮就失去了她的光辉。）

【注】：人们常用she / her 指代船只、汽车、飞机、国家、城市等无生命的东西，以表达其喜爱或亲切之情。

China has decided to increase her trade with South Africa.

3.it 的用法

（1）用作人称代词，指代事物或上文提到过的内容

It is a primitive necklace.

When the factory closes, it will mean 500 people losing their jobs.

（2）代替指示代词this / that

---What’s this / that?

---It is a flag.

（3）起指示代词的作用，指明某人或某物的身份

---Who is knocking at the door ?

---It is me.

（4）指环境、情况等

It was quiet at the moment .

How is it going with you.

（5）指时间、天气等

---What time is it?

---It is eight o’clock.

（6）指距离

It is a long way to the factory.

（7）作形式主语:it常用来代替不定式短语、动名词短语或名词从句，位于句首，而被替代的真正主语后置。

It is very nice of you to help me out.

It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.

It is clear that you are making mistakes.

【注】：两组常用句式：1. It is /has been +some time + since…..“从…..以来已有多久了。”

It is /has been many years since we parted in the West Point .

2. It was / will be ….before…“得过多久才….. ”

It was not /will not be ….before…“不久就…”

eg: It was a long time before people began to use written language .

It will not be long before you regret for what you are doing now.

（8）作形式宾语：不定式短语、动名词短语、或名词从句作宾语时，如果后面带有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语后面

I find it a pleasure to work with you .

I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.

I think it best that you should stay here.

【注】：1.动词（及物动词）+ it +宾语补足语+that宾语从句这一结构中常用的动词有:

believe think feel consider make find guess suppose discover notice

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .

I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.

2.有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上要先加it再加宾语从句的动词

hate like love appreciate enjoy take have owe have see to

I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food .

I take it that you will agree with us.

I like it when I lived in the peaceful country.

I owe it to you that I am still alive.

（9）用于强调句型结构：“It is / was +被强调部分+that+句子的其他成分”这一结构可以对一个句子的主语、宾语、状语等进行强调。

They didn’t know the secret about Jack’s failure until recently.

-----It was they that / who didn’t know the secret about Jack’s failure until recently.（强调主语）

It was the secret about Jack’s failure that they didn’t know until recently . （强调宾语）

It was not until recently that they knew the secret about Jack’s failure. （强调状语）

【注】：1.强调指人的主语时，that/ who ,指人的宾语时whom / that , 除此之外，无论强调什么成分一律用that.

It was they who/ that built the house last year.

It was your brother that / whom I met in the park.

It was in shanghai that the event happened in 1937.

2.强调主语时，谓语动词必须和原主语保持一致

It is I who am to blame.

（二）物主代词：用来表示所有关系的，也称为人称代词的所有格。分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。

1.分类

【注】：除了第一人称mine外，名词性物主代词是由形容词性物主代词加—s构成的，本身以—s结尾的形容词性物主代词its , his不再加—s

2.句法功能

（1）形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，放在名词前作定语

This is my car.

【注】:形容词性物主代词+ own表示“某人自己的”，其后可跟名词也可不跟名词，这一结构常用来强调所属或独特性；

of one’s own后不能加名词，只能作后置定语。

Don’t use my pen. Why not use your own (pen.)

I want a car of my own.

形容词性物主代词（用one’s替代）构成的部分固定短语

lose one’s way do one’s work try one’s best make one’s way earn one’s living hold one’s breath

keep one’s word make up one’s mind save one’s life take one’s time try one’s luck strengthen one’s body

（2）名词性物主代词相当于名词，也相当于形容词性物主代词+ 名词，可以作主语、表语或宾语等。

These flowers are mine.

This is not my shirt ; mine is over there.

【注】：①名词性物主代词后不可以跟名词或代词one /ones，它总是单独用在句子中，充当主语、宾语或表语等。

②名词 + of +名词性物主代词或名词所有格构成双重所有格形式：a friend of mine

③its 为形容词性物主代词，通常不用作名词性物主代词，所以its一般不单独使用。其后总跟名词或one / ones

需要时可用its own

（比较：it’s为it is或it has 的缩写形式）

（三）反身代词：表示“我自己、你自己、他自己、我们自己等的代词称为反身代词。第一二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加—self或—selves构成，第三人称的反身代词是由人称代词的宾格加

-self或selves构成

1.反身代词的语法功能：反身代词使动作的发出者把动作反射到动作的发出者本人。反身代词与它所指代的名词在人称、

数上保持一致。在句子中可以做宾语、表语、同位语。但不可以作主语You first of all should respect yourself or no one would respect you .

You will have to do the work by yourself.

This is myself.

I myself made the mistake about your address.

【注】：反身代词作同位语可以放在与之同位的名词或代词之后，亦可以放在句尾

They decided to go to see it themselves. = They themselves decided to go to see it.

2.反身代词的常用固定搭配

①by oneself（=alone）独自for oneself 亲自in oneself 本身of oneself 自动地between oneself 私下说

among oneself 彼此之间to oneself 独自占用或使用

You will have to see if he has come for yourself.

The three brothers often quarrel among themselves.

The computer can shut off of itself.

Jim is not bad in himself , but he is a little shy.

You should n’t leave the child by himself at home.

②be oneself 处于正常状态，显得自然enjoy oneself seat oneself = sit dress oneself help oneself to …

come to oneself say to oneself 心里想devote oneself to …bring somebody to himself make yourself at home express oneself hide oneself

（四）相互代词：表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词，由each other 和one another 两组。一般来说，each other 用于两个人或物之间；one another用于三人或三人以上的人或物之间，在现在英语中这种区别

已经不明显。它们的所有格形式分别为: each othe r’s one another’s

1.作宾语

You should help each other .

Tom and I often write e-mails to each other.

2.作定语

They pointed out each other’s weak points.

We received one another’s postcards before Christmas.

【注】：①相互代词不作主语

②each other’s 和 one another’s 和其后的名词构成的词组不能作主语

One another’s postcards have been received.（×）应改为：We have received one another’s postcards.（√）

（五）指示代词：表示这个、那个、这些、那些、这样、那样、同样等意思的代词叫指示代词。这类词有：this /these/that/those/ such/ so / the same等。指示代词在句中可以作：主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等。

1.句法功能

（1）作主语

This happened many times long ago.

（2）作宾语或表语

The oldest building here is this , not that.

（3）作定语

You shouldn’t say such things.

【注】：①this/that 有时可以表示“程度”作状语，相当于so:那么....；这么....

I don’t want that much.

The book is about this thick.

②打电话时，常用this来介绍自己，用that来询问对方时谁

Hello ,this is Jim.

Is that Henry?

2.this that these those 的用法

（1）指示代词this these常指时间或空间较紧的人或物；that those 常指时间或空间较远的人或物This gift is for you and that one is for your sister.

I love these books but I don’t like those （ones）.

（2）指刚提起过的事情或已经完成的事情用that，而指将要提起的事情或即将要发生的事情用this

---I have finished my work.

---That is nice

She said I was lying ,and that was unfair.

Now ,everybody, watch this.

（3）that those 常常用来代替已经提到过的名词，以避免重复

The climate of Russia is not so mild as that of China.

The days in summer are longer than those in winter.

【注】：that 可以代替不可数名词，也可以代替可数名词的单数。代替可数名词单数时等同于the one ；those 只能代替可数名词复数，此时等同于those ones或the ones

This coat is larger but cheaper than the one on the top hanger

（4）习惯用法

at this == on hearing /seeing this 一听到....；一看到...

with this 一面说着，一面… That’s it .可不是嘛！ That’s enough!我受够了！

for all this就这一次 That will do. 那正好 Is that so ? 真的吗？

3．Such的用法：such指如前所述的这样的人或物。与a / an 连用时，要放在前面；与no/one/two/another/several/ Some/any/many/all等连用时。Such放在后面

All such problems have been solved.

He is such a nice person.

Such is Albert Einstein , a famous physicist ,but a simple man.

4.so的用法：用作指示代词，代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情

（1）在believe / think /expect/suppose/imagine/guess等词后用so代替前文提出的观点，既可以用于肯定句也可以用于否定句

--Will you come this evening?

--I think so . / I don’t think so. / I think not .

（2）用于表示肯定的hope , I’m afraid后，代替前文提出的观点

It is going to rain this evening.

I hope so./ I hope not. （I don’t hope so.×）

（3）so在肯定句中表示与上文相同的情况

She likes pop music and so do I .

You are an engineer ,so is he.

Jim can speak Chinese ,so can his sister.

（4）do so结构可以用来代替“动词+宾语”结构，以避免重复。此时do so的主语必须与前面的“动词+宾语”的主语一致 ---Have you phoned your parents?

---No ,but I’ll do so soon.

She told me to get the tickets and I’ll do so as soon as possible.

【注】：当主语不一致时，不用do so 而用do it 或 do that

I have not enough time to help you .Let George do it .

5.the same的用法：the same 往往指刚刚提到过的同一个或同样的人或物

（1）单独用the same，指刚提到过的同一个人或物

I bought a new car last month, but soon sold the same.

（2） the same 修饰后面的名词

I don’t like to have the same food everyday.

（3） the same跟在动词后

I think the same of her as you do.

（4） the same后跟as，用以引出所谈及的范围，as后可以是名词、代词、也可以是句子

Let us meet at the same place as we did yesterday.

I am the same age as you .

（5）the same 的固定用法

all the same 完全一样，虽然这样，但是.... the same with ...也一样

at the same time同时 same here 我也一样，彼此彼此

You can pay me now or later. It’s all the same to me.

It is impossible to laugh and cry at the same time.

He works hard but get low marks .It is the same with her.

You agree with her .Same here.

（六）疑问代词：疑问代词有who whom whose what和which,主要用来构成特殊疑问句，一般放在句首，它们

没有性和数的变化，除了who外也没有格的变化

（1）w ho 和whom的用法：who和whom一般用来指人，who是主格，在句中作主语、表语和宾语；whom是宾格，

在句中作宾语，在口语中who也常作宾语代替whom，前面有介词的例外 Who is the girl?

Who /whom do you wish to speak to?

From whom did you get the news?

（2）whose的用法：whose用来指所属关系，相当于who’s。whose既可以用作名词，也可以用作形容词，在句

中作主语、宾语、表语和定语

Whose side are you on Whose is this bike?

Whose is better? Whose are you going to borrow?

（3）what的用法：可以指人或物。一般用在未指出或暗示出范围的情况下。在句中作主、宾、表、定

What made him so glad? What do you know about it?

What is that ? What grade are you in？

【注】：what is the population of ….?....的人口是多少？

distance?距离有多远？

price?价格是多少？

address?住在哪里？

capital of…?....的首都在哪里？

attitude?态度怎样？

（4） which 的用法：which提出两种或两种以上可供选择的人或物，在句中作主语、定语和宾语

Which is better, the red one or the green one?

Which book is more interesting?

Which will you choose ？

（5）which 和what的区别：二者均可与名词连用，但是which一般用于有选择范围的情况，what用于无选择

范围或选择范围不清楚的情况

Which would like to eat --- meat or fish?

What sport do you like best?

（6）who, what, which, whom , whose加上后缀-ever，构成其强调形式

Whatever do you want ? 你到底想要什么？

Whoever gave you the book?究竟是谁给了你这本书?

（7）what和who的区别：一般来说，what是就职业或地位提问，who是就姓名提问

What was her husband? ---- He was a lawyer.

Who was her husband? -----He was John Forbes, the son of a famous writer.

【注】：疑问代词作主语时，动词用单数还是复数，要根据它所代表的人或物的数决定。若数的概念不清，多用单数。

Who are there on the playground?（问话人和听活人都知道操场上有一些人）Who is in the room?（数概念不清）

（六）不定代词：不明确指代某个（些）人、某个（些）事物的代词。不定代词可以代替名词和形容词，

表示不同的数量概念。不定代词无主格和宾格之分，在句中可以做主、宾、表、定等。

1.one的用法：指代可数名词，可以指人或指物。One可以单独使用，也可以放在单数可数名词的前面作定语。其

复数形式为ones，所有格形式为one’s，反身代词为oneself

（1）单独使用时，泛指“人”，“一个人”，“人们”。这种用法中可以出现one’s/his , oneself/himself与之对应 One often fails to see his / one’s own faults.（人往往看不见自己的缺点）

One should love one’s /his neighbor as oneself/himself.（人人都应该爱邻如己）

【注】：（1）one表示泛指时是非常正式的用法，口语或一般文体中人们喜欢用you 和we表示泛指

We often fail to see our own faults.

（2）当one前面有形容词修饰时，形容词前面必须有冠词或代词

the best one her last one

（2）表示具体的一个人或一个事物

He is not one who is easy to work with .

This is the one you are looking for.

（3）代替上文出现过的单数可数名词或复数名词以避免重复

The problem is harder than that one .

I don’t like this cell phone, the one you just showed me.

The students in your class are livelier than the ones（=those） in my class.

【注】：it和one都可以替代上文出现过的名词。It往往指代上文出现过的特定的事物，即同一物；one则指代与前面事物属于同一类事物，并不是同一事物

I bought a radio yesterday ,but it does n’t work well.

I don’t like this radio .Will you show me another one ?

（4）one的搭配短语

one day /by ones or twos（三三两两地）/one after another= one by one （一个接一个）

one another（相互）/ one or two / at one time （曾经、一度）

代词专项训练(含答案)

代词 aacd\abb\bdbc\bcccb\adbc\dbaccdbdad I. Choices ( ) 1. ( ) 2. Every winter Simon and______ get together to look at each other’s drawings. A. we B. our C. us D. ours ( ) 3. Students are usually interested in movies. Some like cartoons, ______ like science fiction. A. the others B. others C. the other D. other ￥ ( ) 4. It’s going to rain. Take ______ umbrella with _______. A. you, you B. your, your C. your, you D. you, your ( ) 5. Enjoy ______, Kate and Betty. A. yourself B. myself C. themselves D. yourselves ( ) 6. ---What’s in the fridge --- ______. A. Nothing B. None C. No D. No one ( ) 7. ( ) 8. Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of ______. & A. their B. theirs C. them D. themselves ( ) 9. Our teacher says dancing makes ______ beautiful inside and out. A. our B. us C. ourselves D. ours ( ) 10 ( ) 11. ______ danced together at the English party. A. I, you and he B. You, he and I C. He, you and I D. I, he and you 1)单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为： 第二人称->第三人称->第一人称 ! 即：youandI;he/she/itandI;you,he/she/itandI 2)复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：

英语代词专题

英语代词专题 一、代词的含义 简单地说，代词就是代替名词的一类词。比如，Wang Lin is my uncle. She is very tall. 一、代词的分类 英语中，代词一般分为七类，具体分类如下： 一、人称代词： 1.人称代词的形式： 英语中总共有三类人称，第一、二、三人称，又可分为单数和复数两种形式以及主格和宾格。 具体如下： 说明：⑴. 人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格在句中一般用作主语、表语等，宾格在句中用作动词的宾语和介词的宾语。⑵. 人称代词单数he, she 和it的复数形式都是they，宾格形式也相同，为them。⑶. 第三人称的人称代词分阳性he / him，阴性she / her 和中性it /it，复数只有一个they / them，不分性别。 2.人称代词的基本用法： ⑴. 主格人称代词用作主语或表语，例如：If he writes to you, you must write back. 如果他给你写信，你必须回复。（用作主语）It wasn’t she who broke the window. 打破窗子的不是她。（用作表语）

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