西安兵马俑英文介绍

Terracotta Army

UNESCO World Heritage Site

State Party

Type

Criteria

Reference

Region ** China Cultural i, iii, iv, vi 441 Asia-Pacific Inscription history

Inscription 1987 (11th Session ) * Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. ** Region as classified by UNESCO.

The Terracotta Army (simplified Chinese : 兵马俑; traditional Chinese : 兵馬俑; pinyin : b īngm ǎ y ǒng ; literally "soldier and horse funerary statues") is the Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang the First Emperor of China . The terracotta figures, dating from 210 BC, were discovered in 1974 by some local farmers near Xi'an , Shaanxi province, China near the Mausouleum of the First Qin Emperor. (Chinese : 秦始皇 陵; pinyin : Qín Sh ǐhuáng Líng ). The figures vary in height (183–195 cm - 6 ft –6 ft 5in), according to their role, the tallest being the generals. The figures include warriors,

chariots, horses, officials, acrobats, strongmen, and musicians. Current estimates are that in the three pits containing the Terracotta Army there were over 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses and 150 cavalry horses, the majority of which are still buried in

the pits.[1] Many archeologists believe that there are many pits still waiting to be discovered.

Contents

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? 1 Introduction 2 Construction 3 The pits 4 British Museum exhibition 5 In popular culture 6 Gallery 7 Notes 8 Bibliography 9 External links

[edit ] Introduction

View of the largest excavation pit of the Terracotta Army The Terracotta Army was discovered in 1974 in the eastern suburbs of Xi'an , Shaanxi

Province by local farmers drilling a water well 1.5 miles east of Lishan (a mountain).[2] This discovery prompted archaeologists to go to Shaanxi Province, China to investigate. The Terracotta Army is a form of funerary art buried with the First Emperor of Qin (Qin Shi Huang, "shi huang" means the first emperor) in 210-209 BC. (He declared himself the first emperor of China in 221 BCE.) Their purpose was to help rule another empire

with Shi Huang Di in the afterlife. Consequently, they are also sometimes referred to as "Qin's Armies."

The material to make the terracotta warriors originated on Mount Lishan. In addition to the warriors, an entire man-made necropolis for the emperor has been excavated. According to historian Sima Qian (145-90 BC), construction of this mausoleum began in 246 BC and involved 700,000 workers. Qin Shi Huang was 13 when construction began. He specifically stated that no two soldiers were to be made alike, which is most likely why he had construction started at that young age. Sima Qian, in his most famous work, Shiji, completed a century after the mausoleum completion, wrote that the First Emperor was buried with palaces, scenic towers, officials, valuable utensils and "wonderful objects," with 100 rivers fashioned in mercury and above this heavenly bodies below which he wrote were "the features of the earth." Some translations of this passage refer to "models" or "imitations," but he does not use those words.[3]

Recent scientific work at the site has shown high levels of mercury in the soil on and around Mount Lishan, appearing to add credence to Sima Qian's writings. The tomb of Shi Huang Di is under an earthen pyramid 76 meters tall and nearly 350 square meters. The tomb remains unopened, in the hope that it will remain intact. Archeologists are afraid that if they do excavate the tomb, they might damage some of the valuables buried with emperor Qin Shi Huang. Only a portion of the site is presently excavated, and photos and video recordings are prohibited in some areas of the viewing. Only few foreigners such as Queen Elizabeth II have walked through the pits, side by side to the army. [4]

Qin Shi Huang’s necropolis complex was constructed to serve as an imperial compound or palace. It comprises several offices, halls and other structures and is surrounded by a wall with gateway entrances. It was also said[citation needed] as a legend that the terracotta warriors were real soldiers, buried with Emperor Qin so that they could defend him from any dangers in the next life.

[edit] Construction

The terracotta figures were manufactured both in workshops by government laborers and also by local craftsmen. The head, arms, legs and torsos were created separately and then assembled. Studies show that eight face moulds were most likely used, and then clay was added to provide individual facial features.[5] Once assembled, intricate features such as facial expressions were added. It is believed that their legs were made in much the same way that terracotta drainage pipes were manufactured at the time. This would make it an assembly line production, with specific parts manufactured and assembled after being fired, as opposed to crafting one solid piece of terracotta and subsequently firing it. In those days, each workshop was required to inscribe its name on items produced to ensure quality control. This has aided modern historians in verifying that workshops that once made tiles and other mundane items were commandeered to work on the terracotta army. Upon completion, the terracotta figures were placed in the pits in precise military formation according to rank and duty.

The terracotta figures are life-like and life-sized. They vary in height, uniform and hairstyle in accordance with rank. The colored lacquer finish, individual facial features, and actual weapons and armor from battle used in manufacturing these figures created a realistic appearance. The original weapons were stolen by robbers shortly after the creation of the army and the coloring has faded greatly. However, their existence serves as a testament to the amount of labor and skill involved in their construction. It also reveals the power the First Emperor possessed, enabling him to command such a monumental undertaking.

[edit] The pits

The four pits associated with the dig are about 1.5 km east of the burial ground and are about 7 meters deep. The outside walls of the tomb complex are as if placed there to protect the tomb from the east, where all the conquered states lay. They are solidly built with rammed earth walls and ground layers as hard as concrete. Pit one, 230 meters long, contains the main army, estimated at 8,000 figures. Pit One has 11 corridors, most of which are over 3 meters wide, and paved with small bricks with a wooden ceiling supported by large beams and posts. This design was also used for the tombs of noblemen and would have resembled palace hallways. The wooden ceilings were covered with reed mats and layers of clay for waterproofing, and then mounded with more soil making them, when built, about 2 to 3 meters higher than ground level.[6] Pit two has cavalry and infantry units as well as war chariots, and is thought to represent a military guard. Pit three is the command post, with high ranking officers and a war chariot. Pit four is empty, seemingly left unfinished by its builders.

[edit] British Museum exhibition

A set piece of 120 objects from the mausoleum and 20 terracotta warriors were displayed at the British Museum in London as its special exhibition "The First Emperor: China's

Ranks of terracotta

Terracotta Army" from September 13, 2007 to April 2008.[7] This Terracotta Army exhibition made 2008 the British Museum's most successful year ever, and made the British Museum the United Kingdom's top cultural attraction between 2007-08.[8][9] The exhibition also brought in the most visitors to the British Museum since the King Tutankhamun exhibition in 1972.[8] It was reported that the initial batch of pre-bookable tickets to the Terracotta Army exhibition sold out so fast that the museum extended the exhibition until midnight on Thursdays to Sundays.[10] According to The Times , many people had to be turned away from the exhibition, despite viewings until midnight,[11] and during the day of events to mark the Chinese new year, the crush was so intense that the gates to the museum had to be shut.[11] The Terracotta Army has been described as the only other set of historic artifacts (along with the remnants of ruins of the Titanic ) which can draw a crowd simply on the back of the name alone.[10]

[edit ] In popular culture ?

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The Terracotta Army was featured in a 1992 episode of Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? In 2004 the Terracotta Army was visited by the contestants competing on Season 6 of The Amazing Race . In 2005 film The Myth , the mausoleum was raided and revealed to be a huge anti- gravity field complete with floating armies and mock palace. The Terracotta Army was replicated in the 2008 movie The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor . In Lionhead Studio's Fable II, Terry Cotter's Army, a spoof of the Terracotta Army, can be found behind a "Demon Door." The game The Sims 3 has an expansion pack The Sims 3: World Adventures that has soldiers, horses and chariots from the Terracotta Army in the China vacation destination.

[edit ] Gallery

A rank of soldiers. One of the soldiers on the left is missing his head, a result of the

fact that the statues

were made in pieces

and then assembled. Note how the faces of

these two soldiers differ

from each other. Each statue was constructed An officer statue infantrymen to be unique.

his mount

The Terracotta Warriors

were once painted. Today only a handful ofA cavalryman and

The warriors were statues contain small once highly coloured amounts of paint. Also

notice the detail put

into the soles of the

The statues include many of the different military units in the Emperor's army at the time. Here we see a four horse war chariot with mounts.

warrior's shoes.

[edit ] Notes 1. ^ Jane Portal and Qingbo Duan, The First Emperor : China's Terra Cotta Army,

British Museum Press, 2007, p. 167

2. ^ The precise coordinates are 109.2731083°E Coordinates : 34°23′5.71″N 109°16′2

3.19″E3

4.3849194°N 34°23′

5.71″N 109°16′23.19″E34.3849194°N 109.2731083°E ) 3. ^ Jane Portal and Qingbo Duan,

The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Army, British Museum Press , 2007, p. 17 4. ^ The Mausoleum of the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty and Terracotta Warriors and Horses

5. ^ Jane Portal and Qingdao Dan, The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Arm, British Museum Press, 2007, p. 170

6. ^ Jane Portal and Qingbo Duan, The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Arm, British Museum Press, 2007, pp260-167

7. ^ The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Army . The British Museum

8. ^ a b "Terracotta army makes British Museum favorite attraction". The Guardian . 2008-07-02. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5b11726543.html,/artanddesign/2008/jul/02/design.heritage . 9. ^ "British Museum sees its most successful year ever". Best Western . 2008-07-03. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5b11726543.html,/Editorial-News/Article/British-Museum-sees-its- most-successful-year-ever-401.aspx .

10. ^ a b "The First Emperor: China’s Terracotta Army (Bri tish Museum)". Great Exhibitions. 2008-02-09. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5b11726543.html,/blog/the-first- emperor-chinas-terracotta-army-british-museum/.

11. ^ a b "Is the British Museum the greatest museum on earth?". The Times . 2008-07- 09. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5b11726543.html,/tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/artic le4296037.ece .

[edit ] Bibliography

? ? ? ? ? Debainne-Francfort, Corrine (1999). The Search for Ancient China. Discoveries. New York: Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 9780810928503.

Dillon, Michael (1998). China: A Historical and Cultural Dictionary. Durham East Asia series. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. ISBN 9780700704392. Kinoshita, Hiromi (2007). Jane Portal. ed. The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Army. London: British Museum. ISBN 9780714124476.

Ledderose, Lothar (2000). "A Magic Army for the Emperor". Ten Thousand Things: Module and Mass Production in Chinese Art. The A.W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691009575. Perkins, Dorothy (1999). Encyclopedia of China: The Essential Reference to China, Its History and Culture. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 9780816043743.

兵马俑中英文介绍3

揭秘一：制作兵马俑工艺 Reveal a: making the Terra Cotta Warriors technology 秦始皇陵兵马俑多用陶冶烧制的方法制成，先用陶模作出初胎，再覆盖一层细泥进行加工刻划加彩，有的先烧后接，有的先接再烧。 The Terra Cotta Warriors made With ceramic mold first, then covered a la yer of fine mud , it was used for carve the figurines ’s appearance and coloring. 其实当年的兵马俑各个都有鲜艳和谐的彩绘。当年工匠犯了一个错，他们在烧制过后才上色。我们发掘过程中发现有的陶俑刚出土时局部还保留着鲜艳的颜色，但是出土后由于被氧气氧化，颜色不到一个小时瞬间消尽，化作白灰。能看到的只是残留的彩绘痕迹。 At first, the Terra Cotta Warriors with brightly colour. The craftsmen had made a mistake, they didn't color after firing. In fast, we found some figures in the process of excavation retained bright colors. But less than one hour, because of oxidation, the colors disappeared, and turned to white, leaving traces of coloured drawing or pattern. 兵马俑的车兵、步兵、骑兵列成各种阵势。整体风格浑厚、健壮、洗练。如果仔细观察，脸型、发型、体态、神韵均有差异：陶马有的双耳竖立，有的张嘴嘶鸣，有的闭嘴静立。所有这些秦始皇兵马俑都富有感染人的艺术魅力。 The Chariot forces, infantry and cavalry column into various formations, Integral style majestic, magnificent. If you look carefully, their face, Scientists believe that its initial shape was colourful But it was oxidized ，lost the original color

有关秦始皇兵马俑的英语演讲稿及翻译

有关秦始皇兵马俑的英语演讲稿及翻译 Hello,boys and girls,I'm honored to give a speach here today.I want to say something about the great statues,The Terracotta Warriors. The Terracotta Warriors(兵马俑)lies in the Mt.Li(骊山，读作mount Li)Xi'an City,Shannxi(陕西) Province.It's one of the "Seven Great Wonders of the World".Every year,millions of visitors come to visit it,from China and other contries. Who dig these big holes and who put so many statues into the holes?Let me tell you.The first emporor of China,Zheng Ying(嬴政)want to build a special tomb to show he is the greatest emporor in Chinese history.So he made o dot two million(20万) workers to dig four holes and put many statues of soidiers,horses and war-coaches(战车) into the holes.Then in the middle,they put the corpse of Zheng Ying into the casket.The anciant Chinese people thought the "Army" can protect the Qin emporor.They fill the holes with worth.At last they build a big tomb like a pyramid over the holes.And this is the tomb of the first Qin emporor(秦始皇陵). In 1974,a farmer found the head of a statue sodier.Then Chinese goverment explored and found the whole tomb.In 1987,The Terracotta Warriors was included to the World Heritage List(世界遗产名录) by UN(联合国) according to level C.Today The Terracotta Warriors is a torist scenery of history. That's all I want to tell you.Thank you for listening.Good-bye! 翻译： 同学们好！我很荣幸在这里做演讲，我今天想讲一些关于伟大的雕塑群——秦

有关秦始皇兵马俑的英语演讲稿及翻译

有关秦始皇兵马俑的英语演讲稿及翻译Hello,boys and girls,I'm honored to give a speach here today.I want to say something about the great statues,The Terracotta Warriors. The Terracotta Warriors(兵马俑)lies in the Mt.Li(骊山，读作mount Li)Xi'an City,Shannxi(陕西) Province.It's one of the "Seven Great Wonders of the World".Every year,millions of visitors come to visit it,from China and other contries. Who dig these big holes and who put so many statues into the holes?Let me tell you.The first emporor of China,Zheng Ying(嬴政)want to build a special tomb to show he is the greatest emporor in Chinese history.So he made o dot two million(20万) workers to dig four holes and put many statues of soidiers,horses and war-coaches(战车) into the holes.Then in the middle,they put the corpse of Zheng Ying into the casket.The anciant Chinese people thought the "Army" can protect the Qin emporor.They fill the holes with worth.At last they build a big tomb like a pyramid over the holes.And this is the tomb of the first Qin emporor(秦始皇陵). In 1974,a farmer found the head of a statue sodier.Then Chinese 1 ————来源网络整理，仅供供参考

西安几大著名旅游景点介绍(英文)

西安几大著名旅游景点介绍（英文） 大雁塔Great Wild Goose Pagoda 小雁塔Small Wild Goose Pagoda 秦始皇兵马俑博物馆 Museum of Emperor Qinshihuang’s Tomb Figures of Soldiers and Horses 秦始皇陵The Tomb of Emperor Qinshihuang 鼓楼 The Drum Tower 钟楼The Bell Tower 西安城墙The Xi’an Circumvallation 华清池The Huaqing Pond 法门寺The Famen Temple 黄河壶口瀑布The Huanghe Hukou Waterfall 大唐芙蓉园Lotus palace of Tang Dynasty Xi'an: Big Wild Goose Pagoda (Dayanta) The Big Wild Goose Pagoda (Dayan Ta),is a Buddhistpagoda built in 652 AD during the Tang Dynasty and originally had five stories.The original construction of rammed earth with a stone exterior facade eventually collapsed five decades later but was rebuilt by Empress Wu Zetian in 704AD who added five more stories. A massive earthquake in 1556 heavily damaged the pagoda and reduced it by three stories to its current height of seven stories One of the pagoda's many functions was to hold sutras and figurines of the Buddha that were brought to China from Indiaby Xuanzang, a famous Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveler, and translator.Xuanzang is a prominent Buddhist figure mostly known for his seventeen year overland trip to India and back, which is recorded in detail in his autobiography and a biography, and which provided the inspiration for the epic novel “Journey to the West”.

兵马俑英文版讲解词

The museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses Good morning, Ladies and gentlemen, so nice to see you . I’m your interpreter in the museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses.This museum is located at the foot of mountain Li Shan, about 35 kilometers east of X i’an. First I will give you a brief introduction about the master of this underground army---the First Qin Emperor. His name was Yingzheng. He came to the throne at the age of 13 in 246BC and seized the power at the age of 22 in 237BC. By 221BC, when he was only 38 years old, he had annexed all the six independent states and established the first feudal empire in the long history of China. After the unification of the whole country, he styled himself the First Emperor and standardized the coinage , weights and measurements , the legal codes , the written scripts and so on. He also ordered the linkage of the original Great Wall. All these exerted an everlasting influence on the long feudal history of China. But, just like each coin has two sides, the First Qin Emperor thought his contributions were beyond compare, so he became more and more arrogant and ambitious . As soon as he came to the throne, he ordered that a magnificent mausoleum should be built for him. And after the unification of the whole country, he even gathered 720,000 conscripts from all parts of the country to work on his mausoleum. In fact, it took 37years to complete this project. And the site of these terracotta warriors and horses is just a small part of his mausoleum. Pit No.1 was discovered in March 1974 when some local farmers were digging a water well to save them from the drought. There are about 6,000 figures in this large pit if fully excavated according to the density. But today, only one third has been excavated. Pit 1, the largest pit, is in rectangular shape. It measures 230 meters long from east to west,62 meters wide from north to south and 5 meters deep ,covering an area of 14,260 ㎡.It is an earth and wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. Five sloping roadways were constructed on 4 sides of pit to permit access. But do you know how did Qin people make such a large underground construction? Let me tell you the story. First, a large pit was made. The floor was paved with bricks. Earth walls were built and pillars were erected. There are 10 partition walls dividing the whole pit into 11 corridors. On top of the pillars were crossbeams and the crossbeams were covered with mats and then earth. After finishing the underground building, the 6,000 pottery figures were sent to the corridors through the slopping roadways. Then the entrances were sealed. Unfortunately, someone set a big fire on the underground building, the thousands figures were destroyed into fragments at the end of the Qin Dynasty. The layout of this pit is a large military battle formation. There are chariots and infantrymen in this pit. In the front of the formation are the vanguards.3 ranks of soldiers are standing here in order. They are the first to sacrifice for the emperor. Behind the vanguards is the main body of the formation. There are 38 columns with lines of chariots and infantrymen. The left and right sides of the formation are flanked with a row of guards respectively. At the rear of the formation is another row of guards. The guards are meant to defend against the enemy’s attack from the flanks and the rear. This battle formation is impressively well organized. The warriors and horses are standing as firm as a rock. None of the warriors have shields, but they carry various types of weapons. It is a pity that we can’t see the real weapons held by the soldiers. That’s because they were stolen by someone. After stealing most of the weapons, the one also broke the pottery figures into fragments and burnt them. On the top part, the black charcoal still left there. At the northwest part of Pit.1, we can see the site of the 3rd excavation. After months to years of careful and painstaking restoration, the figures are displayed at their original shape and location.

陕西西安秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词

陕西西安秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词 Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum and the Terra- cotta Warriors and Horses Museum Emperor Qin Shihuang (259- 210B.C.) had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his given name. He n ame to the throne of the Qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. By 221 B.C., he had annexed the six rival p rincipalities of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei, and established th e first feudal empire in China’s history. In the year 221 B.C., when he unified the whole country, Yin g Zheng styled himself emperor. He named himself Shihuang Di, the fi rst emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, t he third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper or der to carry on the hereditary system. Since then, the supreme feuda l rulers of China’s dynasties had continued to call themselves Huang Di, the emperor. After he had annexed the other six states, Emperor Qin Shihua ng abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and co unty system. He standardized legal codes, written language, track, cur rencies, weights and measures. To protect against harassment by the H un aristocrats. Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built. All these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unifica tion of the whole country as well as promotion the development of e conomy and culture. They had a great and deep influence upon China’s 2,000 year old feudal society.

兵马俑英文介绍

Terracotta Army UNES CO World Heritage Site Sta te Party Ty p e Criteria Referen ce Reg ion ** Chi na Cultu ral i, iii, iv, vi 441 Asia-P acific Inscription history Inscrip tion 1987 (11th S ess io n ) * Na m e as ins c ribe d on World He rita ge List. ** R egio n as cl assi fied b y UNE S C O. The Terracotta Army (simplified Chinese : 兵马俑; traditional Chinese : 兵馬俑; pinyin : b īngm ǎ y ǒng ; literally "soldier and horse funerary statues") is the Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang the First Emperor of China . The terracotta figures, dating from 210 BC, were discovered in 1974 by some local farmers near Xi'an , Shaanxi province, China near the Mausouleum of the First Qin Emperor. (Chinese : 秦始皇 陵; pinyin : Qín Sh ǐhuáng Líng ). The figures vary in height (183–195 cm - 6 ft –6 ft 5in), according to their role, the tallest being the generals. The figures include warriors, chariots, horses, officials, acrobats, strongmen, and musicians. Current estimates are that in the three pits containing the Terracotta Army there were over 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses and 150 cavalry horses, the majority of which are still buried in

秦始皇兵马俑英语作文

秦始皇兵马俑英语作文 秦兵马俑在我国西安出土，它举世无双，独一无二，是世界值得珍惜的历史文物！大家能写出关于兵马俑的英语作文吗？接下来小编为大家推荐的是兵马俑英语作文，仅供参考。 秦始皇兵马俑英语作文一 The first emperor Qin Shihuang died in Chinese before 2200 unified Chinese, ordered the construction of the Great Wall, the cruel rule of Chinese. He was only afraid of the wrath of god. He ordered the construction of a huge mausoleum, with 8000 life sized painted warriors guarding it. Some people say that the top of Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is made of jade and there is a stream of mercury flowing through the tomb. The tomb was completed only after about 700000 years of labor and craftsmen for more than 30 years. Many of them were also kept alive in tombs so as not to reveal secrets about the treasures and the population. Despite these measures, but the tomb after the death of Qin Shihuang has been looking for traces of the tomb, but after

兵马俑英文导游词介绍

兵马俑英文导游词介绍 兵马俑被人们认为是秦始皇陵的一部分。大家有没有去参观过呢?下面是为大家带来的兵马俑英文导游词介绍，希望可以帮助大家。 兵马俑英文导游词介绍范文1： Hi, dear tourists, please come with me, you see this is the qin Terra Cotta Warriors, now scientists have unearthed three pits, although only three, but with a total area of nearly 20000 square meters! Equivalent to fifty basketball court, pit there are nearly eight thousand terracotta warriors, in these three pit, no. 1 pit is the largest, 230 meters long, north and south 62 meters wide, with a total area of 14260 square meters! The pit of the Terra Cotta Warriors is one of the most. There are about six thousand. Tourists, tell you, the Terra Cotta Warriors is not only large scale, and various types, the personality is bright, let me introduce!!!! Terracotta warriors average about 1.8 meters tall and powerfully built, they wear down with uniform, wear hard armor and weapons in hand, ready to go, you’ve said don’t go far?

2021年秦始皇兵马俑的英语演讲稿及翻译

秦始皇兵马俑的英语演讲稿及翻译 有关秦始皇兵马俑的英语演讲稿及翻译 Hello,boys and girls,I'm honored to give a speach here today.I want to say something about the great statues,The Terracotta Warriors. The Terracotta Warriors(兵马俑)lies in the Mt.Li(骊山，读作mount Li)Xi'an City,Shannxi(陕西) Province.It's one of the "Seven Great Wonders of the World".Every year,millions of visitors e to visit it,from China and other contries. Who dig these big holes and who put so many statues into the holes?Let me ___ you.The first emporor of China,Zheng Ying(嬴政)want to build a special tomb to show he is the greatest emporor in Chinese history.So he made o dot two million(20万) workers to dig four holes and put many statues of soidiers,horses and war-coaches(战车) into the holes.Then in the middle,they put the corpse of Zheng Ying into the casket.The anciant Chinese people thought the "Army" can protect the Qin emporor.They fill the holes with worth.At last they build a big tomb like a pyramid over the

秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词

秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词 Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum and the Terra-cotta Warriors and Hors es Museum Emperor Qin Shihuang (259-210B.C.) had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his giv en name. He name to the throne of the Qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. By 221 B.C., he had annexed the six rival principalities of Qi, C hu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei, and established the first feudal empire in China’s hist ory. In the year 221 B.C., when he unified the whole country, Ying Zheng styled himself emperor. He named himself Shihuang Di, the first emperor in the hope that his lat er generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth e mperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. Since then, the supreme feudal rulers of Ch ina’s dynasties had continued to call themselves Huang Di, the e mperor. After he had annexed the other six states, Emperor Qin Shihuang abolished the enf eoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. He standardized le gal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. To protect ag ainst harassment by the Hun aristocrats. Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built. All these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of t he state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole c ountry as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. They had a great and deep influence upon China’s 2,000 year old feudal society. Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the Qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to pu sh his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. As a result, China’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. Moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be burie d alive. Those events were later called in history“the burning of books and the bury ing of Confucian scholars.”

兵马俑英文导游词3篇(完整版)

兵马俑英文导游词3篇 兵马俑英文导游词3篇 Among them, the no. 1 pit is the largest, 230 meters long, north and south 62 meters ide, about five meters deep. About 500, the arriors six hariots, driving, horse 24, and bronze sord, ugou, spears and arros, rossbos, mahine, opper halberd bat ith eapons of bronze and iron, et. The all faial expression, , and ation eah are not idential: some thoughtfull, as if onsidering ho to ooperate, defeat the enem; Have a deep breath, as if in thought, as the people of qin, must help the emperor beat all plaes; Some look in the distane, seemed to be missing loved ones far XX Said so muh arrior figures, the said the horse figurines: TaoMa ears eret, some mouths sream, some still shut up. All these of the qinshihuang terraotta arriors and touhing artisti harm. If ou hold our breath gaze of looking at it, ou ill find it musle fullness, realisti than a real horse! 兵马俑英文导游词范文2： Hi, I m lee, take ou to visit the Terra Cotta Warriors toda? Behind me is a vaulted hall, this is a famous seni spots and historial sites. What plaes of interest ou guess hat it

兵马俑英文介绍

Terra-cotta warriors and horses Xi'an is famous throughout the world for life-sized terra-cotta warriors and horses. They have won fam e as one of the greatest archaeological finds of this century. Back in 1974, while digging a well to fight dr ought, some farmers from Lintong county, about thirty kilometers east of Xi'an, unearthed some brown potte ry fragments, which led to the great discovery of the executed terra-cotta legions as an exterior section of th e mausoleum, of Qin Shi Huang or First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty (255-210B. C.) Details of Qin Shi Huang's tomb can be traced in The Historical Records (compiled by Sima Qian) and legends about it have been widespread. However, for technical reasons, the major part of the tomb remains unexcavated today with its mound still standing 76 meters high against the slopes of Mt. Lishan and facing the Huishui River. After 20 years of careful excavation three underground vaults officially opened to the public in 1979, 1 989, and 1994 respectively, displaying thousands of terra-cotta warriors, horses and chariots, all arranged in battle formations. Vault 1, built with earth and timber, measures 210 meters long, 60 meters wide and 4.6 to 6.5 meters high. In this area of 12, 600 square meters, six thousand life-sized warriors and horses of terra-cotta were f ound in rectangular battle formation. The troops were of a fairly uniform height of 1.8 meters. They wear h elmets and armor and carry real bows and arrows, swords, lances, javelins and crossbows in their hands. Ea ch chariot, made of wood, is drawn by a team of four horses, 1. 5 meters in height. Three rows of infantry men make up the vanguard of the formation, and these are followed by the main body of the army, 38 row s of troops. There are also flank columns and rearguards. The array breathes the power of Qin Shi Huang's army. Vault 2 is approximately one half vault I in size, housing nearly a thousand pottery warriors. Compared with Vault 1, these warriors are of a larger variety and arranged in more complex battle array. Unlike Vau lt 1, the war chariots and infantrymen are arranged separately in four square formations which are linked to one another in a polygon. Again, however, the warriors carry real weapons. The projecting part of the poly gon consists of archers, either standing or kneeling, with crossbows or handbows and quivers and so appears to be the vanguard of the phalanx. The archers are followed by a unit of cavalrymen to the left and one of chariots to the right, forming t he two wings of the phalanx. Infantrymen and war chariots bring up the rear. Each chariot drawn by four h orses has1l driver and two assistants, one on either side. The charioteers are armored and carry spears, swor ds and crossbows, Indicating that they could engage in long-range battles, short-range fighting and hand-to-ha nd combat. All the cavalrymen carry crossbows, a sign that shooting on horseback was a common practice i n the army at that time. From among the chariots a robust and unusually tall figure at 1. 95 meters has been unearthed. His ar mor is interlinked and overlapped with finer metal pieces than that of the common soldiers, and he is believ ed to be a high-ranking commander of the 1egion. Vault 3 is a modest building more resembling a gallery. It has 69 pottery warriors with defensive weap ons and a wooden chariot pulled by four magnificent horses. The structure of the gallery and the line-up of the soldiers suggest that this was likely the headquarters of the troops of Vault 1 and 2. However, the commander is missing. Many archaeologists believe that since the underground army repre sents the emperor's garrison under his direct command, no marshal was necessary.