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2017年中考押题二

2017年中考押题二
2017年中考押题二

菏泽市2017年初中学生学业数平考试

中考押题卷(二)

试卷满分;50分,考试时间;60分钟

可能用到的相对原子质量;H-1 C-12 O-16 Na-23 Mg-24 Al-27 S-32 Cl-35.5

一、识别与选择(本题玻璃1O型腿。每小题2分,共20分)

1.下列发生在家庭中的变化属于物理变化的是()

A.蜡烛燃烧

B.盐酸除锈

C.樟脑球变小

D.洁厕灵除垢

2.水是生活中的重要物质,下列有关水的说法正确的是()

A.双氧水能分解产生氧气,说明双氧水分子中含有氧分子

B.生活中常用煮沸的方法把硬水软化

C.自来水公司把水经沉淀、过滤、吸附、灭菌等净化操作后,变成了纯净水

D.菏泽市沿黄河的几个县可以把生活污水直接排放到黄河水渠,无需处理

3.下面是几种微观粒子的结构示意图,有关说法错误的是()

A: 微粒①和②属于同种元素的粒子

B: 微粒 和③在适当的条件下以分子的形式构成物质

C: 微粒○2和微粒④具有相对温定的结构

D: 微粒④表示的粒子的符号是Mg2+

4.如图所示某化学反应的微观过程,图中“”和“”分别表示不同元素的原子,下列有关说法中正确的是()。

A: 该反应不一定是化合反应

B: 反应中甲、乙、丙的分子个数比

为1:1:1

C: 甲、丙可能是氧化物

D:从图中反应前后的原子个数上看,该化学反应不符合质量守恒定律

5.下列各组物质能在溶液中大量共存且形成无色溶液的是()

A NaOH NaHCO

3 NH

4

Cl B.KNO

3

CuSO

4

HCl

C.H

2SO

4

FeCl

2

NaNO

3

D.NaCl BaCl

2

KNO

3

6.下列说法正确的是()

A.一氧化碳和二氧化碳都能和碱反应,生成盐和水

B.固体物质的溶解度和溶质及溶剂的质量和温度有关

C.合金也具有导电、导热和延展性

D.初中化学中常见的三种还原性的单质是碳、氢气和一氧化碳

7.实验是化学的重要组成部分,利用下列仪器能完成相应实验的一组是()

A.利用烧杯、玻璃棒、量筒、托盘天平;配制5%的氯化钠溶液

B.利用铁架台、试管、酒精灯、带塞子的导管、水槽、集气瓶进行实验室

用高锰酸钾制氧气

C.利用铁架台、烧杯、漏斗、玻璃棒、滤纸;过滤水中的泥沙

D.利用烧杯、pH试纸、标准比色卡、玻璃片;测定菏泽电厂排出的液体的

酸碱度

8.下列含氮化合物中,氮元素的化合价由高到低排列的一组是()

A. NH

3 NOH NO

2

B.N

2

O

5

N

2

O

4

NO

2

C. HNO

3 NO

2

NH

3

D.NO NO

2

N

2

O

3

9.试管在化学实验中常与其他仪器和药品同时使用(图中其他仪器和药品略去)。下列试管的朝向与实验项目相对应且正确的是()

A.加热高锰酸钾制氧气

B.向试管中加入粉末状药品的初始阶段

C.排空气法收集氧气

D.给液体加热

10.有A、B两种金属放入足量的等质量分数的稀盐酸中,生成氢气的质量与反应时间的关系如图所示,下列说法不正确的是()。

A: 金属活动性顺序中A在B的前面

B: 反应结束时,生成氢气的质量A>B

C: 反应结束时,参加反应的盐酸的质量A>B

D: 反应的金属A可能是铁,B可能是锌

二、理解与应用(本题包括3小题,共14分)

11.(5分)化学物质在科学实验在科学实验和生产、生活中有广泛的用途,

请根据要求把下列物质填写到横线上。(填字母)

A.氮气

B.赤铁矿

C.生石灰

D.新鲜澄清石灰水

E.乙醇

F.葡萄糖

G.尿素 H.氢气

(1)实验室用于二氧化碳气体检验的是

(2)最理想最清洁的能源是

(3)可用于工业炼铁的是

(4)可用作食品袋中干燥剂的是

(5)农业上常常用作氮肥的是

12.(5分)请从C、H、O、S、Cl、Na、Fe等7种元素中选择恰当的元素,然后

按下列要求用化学用语填空;

(1)氯酸钾中的阴离子是;铁和稀硫酸反应后生成的物质中的阳离

子是;家庭厨房中常常用到的一种物质是(只写一种)

(2)写出一个有纯碱参加的复分解反应的化学方程式;

写出一个有气体生成的转换反应的化学方程式;

13.(4分)如图是氯化钠和硝酸钾两物质的溶解

度曲线。分析图像按要求回答问题;

(1)从图中分析,在50℃,硝酸钾的溶解度

是。两物质的溶解度受温度影响较

大的是(填化学式)。

(2)根据(1)的分析,除去KNO

3

固体中混有

的少量NaCl,提纯步骤是;加水溶解、、

,然后过滤、洗涤、干燥。

三、实验与探究(本题包括2小题,共10分)

14. (5分)下面的装置是实验室制取气体时常常需要的一些装置,请回答

下列问题;

A. B. C. D. E

(1)实验室用B装置制取氧气的化学方程式为;

可选择的收集装置有(填写字母),若要得到干燥的氧气,还要

用到E装置,应该从(填“左”或“右”)边的导气管进氧气。

(2)某同学利用碎鸡蛋壳和稀盐酸反应生成一种无色气体,请帮助他选择一种气体发生装置(填写字母),请写出检验该气体的化学方程

15.(5分)在我市鄄城县内发现了较大的盐矿,有待开发,是一种很宝贵的资

源,其主要成分是氯化钠,也是“低钠盐”的主要成分。现在国内某些生

产厂家为改变“低钠盐”口味还会加入少量镁盐(仅限MgSO

4或MgCl

2

某化学小组想探究某“低钠盐”样品中是否含有镁盐,以及添加的是何种

镁盐(MgSO

4或MgCl

2

在的一种)。请设计实验完成下列表格。

限选试剂;BaCl2溶液、NaOH溶液、AgNO3溶液、蒸馏水。

四、分析与计算(本题包括1小题,共6分)

16.某纯碱样品中混有少量的氯化钠,为了测定样品的纯度,小明做了如下

实验准确称量12.0g,向其中加入57.9g稀盐酸,恰好完全反应,共产生气体4.4g。请回答下列问题;

(1)纯碱样品中Na2CO3碳酸钠的质量分数是多少?

(结果保留一位小数,写出计算过程)

(2)反应后所得溶液中NaCl的质量分数是多少?(写出计算过程)

2

MnO 加热

参考答案

一,选择题;1-5CBBCD 6-10CCCBA 二、11(1)D (2)H (3)B(4) C (5) G

12.(1)ClO 3- Fe 2+

NaCl (或NaHCO 3)(2)Na 2CO 3+2HCl==2NaCl+H 2O+CO 2↑ Fe+H 2SO 4===FeSO 4 + H 2↑

13.(1)85.5g KNO 3 (2)蒸发浓缩 降温结晶 三、14.

(1)2KClO 3 2KCl+O 2↑C 左(2)A Ca(OH)2+CO 2===CaCO 3↓+H 2O 15.

16.加足量蒸馏水,并用玻璃棒搅拌 爆炸2.有白色沉淀生成

步骤3.取少量步骤1形成的溶液与试管中,再滴加少量的BaCl 2溶液,振荡 若有 白色沉淀生成,则添加的是MgSO 4 ;若无明显现象,则添加的是MgCl 2 四.16.(1)88.3% (2)20%

解;(1)设12.0g 纯碱样品中含Na 2CO 3的质量为x 生成NaCl 质量为y. Na 2CO 3+HCl====2NaCl+H 2O+CO 2↑ 106 117 44 X y 4.4g

44106=g

x

4.4 x=106g 44117=g

y

4.4 y=11.7g 该纯碱样品中Na 2CO 3的质量分数为

og

g

.126.10×100%≈88.3% (2)反应后所得溶液中NaCl 的质量为12.0g-10.6g+11.7g==13.1g 反应后所得溶液质量为57,9g+12.0g-4.4g=65.5g 反应后所得溶液中NaCl 的质量分数为

g

g

5.651.13×100%=20% 答;(1)纯碱样品中Na 2CO 3 的质量分数是88.3% (2)反应后所得溶液中NaCl 的质量分数是20%

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