轮机英语关联题题库最新整理91篇(带翻译)

Valve drive mechanism

The valve drive mechanism commands the inlet and exhaust valves at the required timing.

第3题The valve drive mechanism consists of an inlet and exhaust cam follower (8) each suspended in a plunger of the tappet assembly (7), two tubular push rods (4) with ball joints, two nodular cast iron rocker arms (2) suspended in a rocker arm bearing bracket, two yokes (5) and a yoke guide pins. See Fig. 4-1.

The tappet rollers follow the cam profiles and transfer the movements through push rods to the rocker arms.

第4题The rocker arms operate the inlet and exhaust valves through yokes (5).

Lubrication for the rocker arms comes from the engine's secondary oil supply manifold through

drillings in the cylinder head and rocker arm bracket.

第2题The tappet assembly receives lubricating oil via channels in the engine block from the main supply manifold. For the roller and shaft, the oil is supplied through the guiding plunger.

第4题To compensate for heat expansion a clearance must exist between the rocker arm and yoke.第1题All adjustments have to be done on a cold engine only.

1. According to the Passage, the best time to adjust the valve clearance is _____.

A. before the engine is started

B. when the engine is running

C. after the engine has just been stopped

D. when something has gone wrong with the engine

注：根据文章来看，调节阀间隙的最好时间是在发动机启动之前。

2. The roller and the tappet assembly are lubricated by means of_____.

A. the main lube system

B. the secondary oil system

C. the special pumping system

D. the turbine oil system

注：滚轮和挺杆组件借助于主润滑系统润滑。

3. According to the Passage, the valve drive mechanism does not include_____.

A. tappet rollers

B. push rods

C. nodular cast iron

D. yokes and guide pins

注：根据文章来看，阀驱动机构不包括球墨铸铁。（包括挺杆滚轮、顶杆、吊梁和导销）

4. To close valves tightly, which clearance should be inspected according to the maintenance schedule?

A. The one between the cam and the tappet roller.

B. The one between the push rods and the ban joints.

C. The one between the rocker arms and the yoke

D. The one between two tubular push rods.

注：依据保养清单，要紧密的关闭阀件，应检查摇臂和吊梁之间的间隙。

Charge air cooler

The engine is equipped with a charge air cooler. The insert type charge air cooler is mounted in a welded casing (air trunk). The trunk is bolted to the engine block.

第1题Standard is a two-stage cooler mounted. The first stage, through which the charge air flows, is cooled with water from the HT cooling system and cooks the charge air till approx. 90 ~ 100o C. The second stage is supplied with water coming from the LT water system and cooks the charge air further till the required temperature of approx. 50o C. 第2题(B)By controlling the water flow through the LT cooler the charge air temperature can be kept constant at the required temperature.

The circulating coolant water should always be under positive pressure and should be as clean as possible. The operating air temperature should be maintained by controlling the coolant inlet temperature.

Whilst the engine is running the air and coolant temperatures and pressures at inlet and outlet should be checked and logged periodically. 第3题Variations from normal indicate faults developing such as fouling of the film plates or obstruction of the water tubes.

第4题Check daily, during operation of the engine, the working of the telltale hole at the free end of the charge air receiver. The function of this hole is to inform the operator the presence of water in the charge air receiver. Under normal condition only compressed air should escape from this hole.

1. According to the Passage, the expression "HT" probably means_____.

A. HIGH TANK

B. HIGH TEMPERATURE

C. HEAT TRANSMISSION

D. HEAT TRANSFER

注：根据文章来看, "HT"的意思是：high temperature，高温。

2. In order to maintain the change air temperature we should control_____.

A. the coolant inlet temperature coming from the first stage cooler

B. the coolant flow coming from the second stage cooler

C. the coolant outlet temperature coming from the second stage cooler

D. the coolant flow coming from the flint stage cooler

注：为维持增压空气的温度，我们应控制来自第二级冷却器的冷却剂流量。

3. The charge air temperature departing from normal may indicate that_____.

A. condensate can be formed

B. only compressed air should escape from the telltale

C. the film plates are becoming dirty or the water tubes are blocked by scale

D. cooling water may have been carried into the cylinders

注：增压空气温度偏离正常表明镀膜变脏或水管被水垢堵塞。

4. The function of the telltale hole is to_____.

A. detect whether compressed air has escaped from the hole

B. control the coolant inlet temperature

C. determine whether the coolant water is under positive pressure

D. inform the operator the presence of water in the charge air receiver

注：警报孔或监视孔的作用是同志作业员扫气箱中有水。telltale hole监视孔，指示孔，警报孔；charge air receiver. 扫气箱

Passage 3 （原题库第6篇）

第1题At the first start, listen carefully for possible jarring sounds. If anything is suspected, stop the engine immediately, otherwise stop the engine after 5 minutes' idling. Check at least the temperatures of the main and big end bearings and of all other bearings which have been opened. Make visual inspection from below to the cylinder liners and piston skirts which have been opened. If everything is in order, restart.

第4题(A) Check that there is no leakage of gas, water, fuel or lubricating oil. Especially observe the fuel lines, HP fuel pumps and injectors.第4题(B) Watch the quantities emerging from the leak oil pipes!

Check that the starting air manifold is not hot at any cylinder (leaky starting valve may cause explosion!

After overhaul, the following instructions are important:

- check pressure and temperature gauges.

- check the automatic alarm and stop devices.

- check the pressure drop over the fuel filter and lubricating oil filter.第2题(C)

- check the oil level in the oil sump/oil tank. 第2题(D)

Estimate the condition of the oil.

- check the de-aerating of the engine circulating water system.第2题(A)

- check the quantity of fuel leak. 第4题(C)

- check the telltale holes for leaks.

- check the circulating water quality第2题(B)

- check the cylinder pressures.

- listen for jarring sounds.

- check the crankcase pressure.

- check the starting air manifold.

Running-in is mainly intended to let piston rings "wear" to fit properly in the cylinder liner.

第3题(D) Do not continuously run at constant load during the running -in process (Fig. 4-4).

It is important to vary the load several times. The ring grooves in the piston will have a different tilting angle at each load and consequently the piston ring has a different contact line to the cylinder liner wall.

1. Paragraph 1 tells us that_____.

A. If we hear vibration sounds, we should stop the engine quickly, or allow it to operate at low speed for 5 minutes, then stop it and check everything

B. If we hear vibration sounds, we should stop the engine quickly, otherwise the engine will be stopped automatically after 5 minutes

C. If we hear explosion sounds we should stop the engine then check everything

D. if we hear surging sounds, we should stop the engine immediately otherwise after 5 minutes the engine will be destroyed

注：从第一段可知，如果听到震动声，应快速停车，或让它低速运行5分钟，然后停车并检查所有部件。

2. After overhaul, following instructions are important except_____.

A. release air from the engine circulating water system

B. treat the circulating water if necessary

C. make sure the pressure drop is enough besides the fuel filter

D. make sure the quantity of lube oil meets the requirement

注：检修之后，确保除了燃油过滤器以外的压降足够大的指令不重要。besides=in addition to 除了…以外，还…

3. After piston overhaul, the running-in process should be carried out_____.

A. periodically at steady load

B. occasionally at various load

C. continually at constant load

D. continually at various load

注：活塞检修之后，磨合过程应在各种负载状态下连续进行。

4. When dealing with engine troubles, _____.

A. no leakage of lubricating oil should be checked.

B. quantities of oil emerging from the leak oil pipes must be watched

C. quality of the leak oil must be watched

D. the number of the leaking fuel lines should be checked

注：处理发动机故障时，一定要观察在漏油管路中出现的油量。

Passage 4 （原题库第18篇）

第2题The cooling water in the HT (high temperature) circuit cools the cylinder liners, cylinder heads and turbocharger. From the pump water is supplied to the engine manifold which is cast in the engine block. From the manifold the water is distributed to all cylinder liner sections and from each liner upwards through the cooling water channels in the liner collars. From the liner collars further into the cylinder heads. In the cylinder head the water is forced by an intermediate deck to flow along the flame plate, around the valves to the exhaust valve seats and up along the fuel injector sleeve. From the cylinder head the water is discharged via a connection piece into the discharge manifold.

第3题The return water from the cylinder heads and turbocharger is supplied to the HT air cooler. In the first stage of this cooler, most of the heat from the charge air is extracted.

第1题The LT circuit water cools the charge air in the second stage. The necessary cooling for the LT water is gained from a central cooler. By controlling the LT water temperature to the inter-cooler the correct charge air temperature can be obtained.

For preheating purposes, a heater circuit with a pump and heater are connected in the HT circuit before the engine. 第4题Before starting, the HT circuit is heated till about 60o C by a separate heater. The preheating of the engine is, prior of starting up and loading on HFO, of utmost importance.

1. From the Passage we know that the charge air temperature was controlled by_____.

A. sea water from a central cooler

B. fresh water from a central cooler

C. fresh water from a HT circuit

D. fresh water from the LT circuit

注：从文章来看，我们了解到增压空气温度由来自低温回路的淡水控制。

2. The cooling water to cool the engine was forced_____.

A. into the cylinder block and then upwards into the cylinder head

B. into the cylinder intermediate section and then upwards into the cylinder head

C. into the cylinder head and then downwards into the cylinder block

D. into the cylinder ends and then further into the cylinder intermediate

注：冷却发动机的冷却水被迫进入汽缸体然后向上进入汽缸头（缸盖）

3. After the charge air is discharged into the HT air cooler, _____.

A. the charge air temperature will become higher

B. the charge air temperature will become lower

C. the HT water temperature will remain constant

D. the HT water temperature will become lower

注：增压空气排入高温空冷器后，增压空气温度变低。

4. Which of the following devices may be used to warm the engine prior to starting?

A. A high temperature cooling water system

B. A low temperature cooling water system

C. A central cooler

D. The second stage cooler

注：高温冷却水系统在启动之前用于暖机。

Passage 5 （原题库第19篇）

Starting air system

The engine is started with compressed air of max 30 bar. Minimum pressure required is 15 bar. A pressure transmitter PI301 mounted on the starting air line before the main starting valve has an indicator in the instrument panel. 第3题The supply line from the starting air bottles is provided with a non return valve and a drain valve.

The solenoid valve is electrical (remote control) or manual (on the engine) operated and send after activation a pilot air signal to the main starting air valve. Interruption of the control air doses the main starting air valve.

第1题（After the main starting air valve is activated the air flows through the flame attesters to the starting air valves in the cylinder heads. Part of the air flows via the starting air distributor to each of the starting air valves in the cylinder heads. The starting air distributor controls the timing of opening and closing of the starting air valves.

第2题On the moment the main starting air valve is operated also the governor booster is energized. ）The main starting air line is provided of a safety valve.第4题Interlock valve is a safety device to avoid an engine start with engaged turning gear.

1. As the engine is started with compressed air, the correct sequence of the following devices being activated is_____.

(1) solenoid valve; (2) starting air valve; (3) starting air distributor; (4) main starting air valve; (5)governor booster.

A. (1), (5), (4), (2), (3)

B. (1), (4), (5), (3), (2)

C. (1), (4), (3), (2), (5)

D. (4), (3), (1), (2), (5)

注：从括号部分总结出，发动机由压缩空气启动时，装置被触发的顺序是：电磁阀、主启动阀、调速器升压器、启动空气分配器、启动空气阀。

2. The sentence "the governor booster is energized" (paragraph3) probably means_____.

A. the governor booster is supplied with electric power

B. hydraulic oil is pumped into the governor booster

C. the governor starts to work before starting the engine

D. the governor booster is supplied with pressurized air before starting the engine

注：句子“调速器升压器被提供能量”大概意思是：启动发动机之前，调速器升压器被提供增压空气。

3. Which of the following components are attached to the air bottles?

A. a pressure transmitter PT 301

B. a non-return valve and a drain valve

C. a solenoid valve

D. a starting air distributor

注：答案应为B。连到空气瓶的部件是：止回阀和放残阀。

4. When the engine is engaged with turning gear, _____ can keep the engine from starting

A. the control air

B. the solenoid valve

C. the main starting air valve

D. the interlock valve

注：发动机由盘车机啮合时，连锁阀可防止发动机启动。

Passage 6 （原题库第20篇）

Starting air distributor

第1题The starting air distributor is of the piston type with precision machined inter changeable liners. The liners as well as the pilot pistons are of corrosion resistant materials.第3题The pilot pistons are controlled by a cam connected to the camshaft end. When the main starting valve opens, the pilot pistons axe pressed onto the cam, whereby the pilot piston for the engine cylinder which is in starting position admits control air to the main piston of the starting valve. 第2题The starting air valve opens and admits compressed air into the engine cylinder forcing that piston down. Shortly before the exhaust valves are opened the pilot valve interrupts the control air to the starting air valve and starting air to that cylinder is stopped. This procedure will be repeated as long as the main starting valve is activated or until the engine speed is so high that the engine fires. After the main starting air valve is closed, the main starting air system is de-aerated, the pressure drops quickly and the springs will lift the pilot plungers off the cam. This means that the pilot plungers touch the cam only during the starting process and thus wear is insignificant.

If a pilot liner is worn out, press it out. It may be necessary to heat the distributor up till about

200o C as Loctite is used for fixing and sealing.

1. According to the Passage, the liners of the starting air distributor_____.

A. can be replaced when worn out

B. are made of heat resistant materials

C. are welded precisely

D. are worn out easily during the starting process

注：根据文章来看，启动空气分配器的衬套磨坏时，可更换。changeable可更换的

2. During the starting process, when _____, the main starting air valve is closed.

A. the exhaust valves in the starting cylinder are opened

B. the pilot air to the starting air valve is stopped

C. the engine speed reaches fire speed

D. the pilot pistons are pressed onto the cam

注：启动过程中，当发动机转速达到发火转速时，主启动空气阀关闭。

3. When some cylinder of the engine admits compressed air into it, the pilot piston of the starting air distributor should be_____

A. separated from the cam

B. pressed onto the cam

C. lifted off the cam

D. pressed onto the cam repeatedly

注：当部分汽缸允许压缩空气进入时，启动空气分配器的先导活塞被压到凸轮上。

4. From the Passage we know that "Loctite" is probably_____

A. a type of gasket

B. a kind of lubricant

C. a glue bond

D. an anti-corrosion additive

注：从文章当中我们了解到，"Loctite"可能是一种粘合剂。glue bond;粘合剂

Passage 7 （原题库第21篇）

Maintenance and overhauling

第1题Satisfactory and proper operation of the engine depends not only on correct manoeuvring but also on how well it is kept in order. Regular maintenance of the engine helps a lot in preventing early wear of parts and in ensuring a long service as well as the working efficiency of the engine. Instruction books are to be referred to whenever necessary.

The individual parts of the engine should be inspected and thoroughly cleaned at regular intervals. 第2题The periods for such overhaul work depend largely on the quality of the lubricating oil and fuel, on the load and on the efficiency of the operator in locating troubles and remedying them in time.

All pipes should be pressure-relieved before the repair work is started. Read the pressure gauges and/or check the pipes by carefully loosening the screw plugs or connections.

第3题If some parts of the running gear are dismantled, before using the turning gear, make sure that no loose parts are jammed in the crankcase where it is easy for them to cause damage.

During dismantling work, lubrication lines and orifices must to be sealed off.

The pistons, as a rule, should be dismantled after a period of operation and cleaned with the piston rings renewed if necessary. 第4题If the piston rod stuffing box is carefully handled and thoroughly greased, it requires overhaul only when the piston is removed. In such a case, the gap clearance of the sealing rings and fire rings must be reset to the original value and the worn-out parts replaced.

1. To keep the engine working properly, _____.

A. everyday maintenance is necessary

B. it must be handled with instruction books in hand

C. engine parts should be kept in order

D. it should be manoeuvred correctly and maintained at regular intervals 注：为保持发动机良好工作，他应该正确的操纵并定期保养。

2. The periods for overhaul mainly depend on_____.

A. whether the lubricating oil and fuel are of good quality

B. what the load of the ship is

C. whether the operator can find troubles as well as solutions to them quickly

D. all of the above factors

注：检修周期的长短主要取决于：滑油和燃油品质是否良好；船舶负载情况；操作员是否能找出故障以及是否能快速解决。

3. It is necessary to make sure that there are no loose parts left in the crankcase before using the turning gear because_____.

A. some parts of the running gear have been dismantled

B. during dismantling work, lubrication lines and orifices are sealed off

C. loose parts jammed in the crankcase are likely to cause damage

D. pipes are relieved of pressure before the repair work

注：有必要确保实用盘车机之前，没有松动部件留在曲轴箱中，因为曲轴箱中震动的部件可能会造成损坏。

4. When does the piston rod stuffing box require overhaul?

A. When some parts are worn out.

B. When the piston is removed.

C. When it has not been checked for some time.

D. When the piston rings need to be renewed.

注：活塞移除时（吊缸时），需检修活塞杆填料箱。

Passage 8 （原题库第24篇）

Troubles may occur when the engine is running

第1题If the engine does not start on air, it may be due to one or more of the following causes: starting air pressure too low, incorrect timing of starting air valves, one or more of the starting air valves stuck, stop valve in air line closed , or if starting after working on the engine, the turning gear still engaged.

第2题If the engine does start on air, but combustion does not immediately begin, the cause may be low compression, failure of the fuel pumps to discharge oil into the fuel valves or incorrect timing of fuel pumps.

Failure of fuel injection is usually due to trouble in the fuel injection pumps.第3题However, the injection may be delayed, though the pumps are in good order, if the fuel lines to the injection valves have not been cleared of air.第4题If the action of the engine indicates that some of the cylinders are not firing, the ones affected may be determined by watching the exhaust temperature.

1. If the engine does not start on air, the causes may be_____.

A. the turning gear is not engaged

B. the starting air pressure is too high

C. the timing of starting air valves is not correct

D. the stop valve in the fuel line is closed

注：发动机依靠空气没有启动的原因：启动空气阀定时不正确。

2. If combustion does not begin right after the engine has started on air, the causes may be all but one of the following statements?

A. The timing of fuel pumps incorrect

B. The compression is low

C. Fuel pumps fail to discharge oil into the fuel valves

D. The starting air pressure is too low

注：发动机已经依靠空气启动之后，燃烧没有立刻开始，不包括的原因：启动空气压力太低。

3. Even if the fuel injection pumps are working properly, the fuel injection may be delayed if_____.

A. there is still air in the fuel lines to the injection valves

B. the engine indicates that some of the cylinders are not firing

C. strainers and fine filters in the fuel oil systems have not be cleaned in time

D. dirt has got under a fuel injection pump valve

注：即使燃油喷射泵运行良好，如果仍然有空气在通到喷油阀的燃油管路中，喷油也会被延迟。

4. When some of the cylinders are not firing, the ones affected may be determined by_____.

A. testing the starting air pressure

B. watching the exhaust temperature

C. checking the action of the engine

D. cleaning the turning gear

注：部分汽缸没有发火时，受影响汽缸可通过观察排气温度的方法确定。

Passage 9 （原题库第26篇）

Supercharging and Scavenging

Air supply is very important to the perfect combustion of fuel oil in the diesel engine. As the air density determines the maximum weight of fuel that can be burned per working stroke in the cylinder, it also determines the maximum power that can be developed by the engine. If the charge-air density is increased by a compressor before it enters the cylinder, a greater amount of fuel can be burned, resulting in an increase of power output. This is the main principle of exhaust turbo-charging.

In today's practice, the compressor, i.e. a blower, is driven by the heat energy obtained from the engine exhaust gases. The turbo-blower comprises a gas-turbine, driven by the engine exhaust gases and directly coupled to the blower, which draws fresh air from the engine-room and discharges it into the air inlet manifold on the engine. 第1题(B) The power produced in the turbine must be equal to that required by the compressor. The air is pumped into the cylinder through the inlet ports. The turbo-blower is provided with a filter-silencer.

第2题It is usually desirable to fit charge-air coolers to turbo-charged two-stroke engines. As the charge-air density increases, the amount of air flowing into the cylinders is increased a nd as the charge-air temperature lowers, the exhaust temperature and the engine thermal load are reduced.

第4题It is very important that each cylinder should be well scavenged before the charged air is compressed, otherwise this fresh air charge will be fouled by the residual exhaust gases from the last cycle. 第3题The necessary scavenging is obtained by providing a satisfactory pressure difference between the air manifold and the exhaust manifold.

1. Which statement is not true about the compressor when it is working?

A. The air is pumped into the cylinder through the inlet ports.

B. The power produced in the turbine does not have to be equal to that required by the compressor.

C. The compressor is driven by the heat energy obtained from the engine exhaust gases.

D. The turbo-blower is provided with a filter-silencer.

注：压气机工作时，不正确的说法是：涡轮产生的功率不一定必须等于压气机所需功率。

2. The main purpose to fit the charge-air cooler is to_____.

A. lower the air temperature

B. reduce the engine load

C. condense the moisture to drain the condensate

D. increase the mass of charge air flowing into the cylinder

注：安装增压空气冷却器的主要目的是：增加流入汽缸的增压空气量。

3. Which of the following measures can improve the scavenging effect?

A. To compress the charge-air and discharge it into the air inlet manifold.

B. To cool the charge-air and increase its density.

C. To clean the exhaust gases and reduce its temperature.

D. To increase the charge-air manifold pressure and decrease the exhaust manifold back-pressure.

注：可提高扫气效果的措施：增大增压空气总管的压力，降低排气总管背压，（获得较好的压差）

4. Why is it very important that each cylinder be well scavenged before the charged air is compressed?

A. Because the temperature difference between the exhaust gas and the fresh air is too high.

B. Because the exhaust gas is well cooled by the fresh air charge.

C. Because the fresh air charge will be contaminated by the exhaust gases.

D. Because the pressure difference between the exhaust gas and the fresh air charge is too high

注：增压空气被压缩之前，每个汽缸充分扫气的原因：新填充的空气会被废气污染。

Passage 10 （原题库第27篇）

The engine's supporting element consists of a bedplate and frame. The bedplate can be of welded or east design. 第4题(A) The frame is made of cast iron. 第2题The turbocharger mounting, the housing for the air cooler and the charging air receiver are cast as an integral part of the frame.第4题(B) The underslung crankshaft's main bearings are mounted in bores in the frame and secured with main bearing caps of steel. The caps are guided sideways and are secured by means of threaded studs and nuts that are tightened hydraulically. The caps are also secured with horizontal bracing screws in the frame.

The bearing shells are produced with a tolerance that makes it possible to change them a set at a time without any scraping-in.

The top flanges of the cylinder liners are forced against the top face of the frame by the cylinder covers, whereas at the bottom they are guided by a bottom flange through which they are free to expand under the effects of heat.第4题(C)Tightness between the water chamber and the crankcase is achieved with two rubber rings inserted in slots in the guide surface of the cylinder liner.

第3题The camshaft is driven from the crankshaft through a gearing, which is mounted on the engine's flywheel end and covered by a 2-part shield. The camshaft runs in steel bushes lined with white metal.

In each side of the frame, large openings are provided for inspection of roller guides, cams and the main and crank bearings. The openings have covers, some of which are provided with crankcase explosion relief valves that equalize the pressure if the oil vapors in the crankcase are ignited, for example as a result of hot running.

The bedplate can be used as a lubricating oil reservoir and is therefore provided with a dipstick. The oil can, however, be drained off to a special bottom tank, so that the engine runs with a dry sump.

第3题A fuel oil pump of the gear type is driven from the camshaft through a clutch. A lubricating oil pump, which is of the same type, is driven by a clutch mounted on the end of the crankshaft or, for propulsion plant, through

a flexible gear wheel drive.

1. This Passage is mainly about_____.

A. the construction of an engine

B. how the engine works

C. the lube and cooling system of an engine

D. when the crankcase explosion occurs

注：这篇文章主要是关于发动机结构的。

2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an integral part of the frame?

A. Turbocharger mounting

B. Bearing caps

C. Air cooler housing

D. Scavenging air reservoir

注：没有提到的发动机组成部件是：轴承盖。

3. The camshaft_____.

A. is supported by bearings

B. may not drive the fuel oil pump in some cases

C. will not drive a lube oil pump

D. All of the above are true.

注：凸轮轴由轴承支撑，某些情况下不驱动燃油泵，凸轮轴也不驱动滑油泵。

4. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. The frame is made of cast iron.

B. There are underslung bearings in this engine.

C. Four rubber rings ensure the tightness between the crankcase and the water chamber.

D. Relief valves are provided on the frame.

注：4条橡胶环确保曲轴箱和水乡之间的紧固度是错的。

Passage 11 （原题库28篇）

第2题(A)The cylinder cover is made of cast iron and is provided with two inlet valves, two exhaust valves, a central mounted fuel injection valve and an indicator valve. 第3题(A)The inlet valves are mounted with separate seating rings made of special heat-resistant cast iron. These rings are pressed into the cylinder cover in cooled conditions. 第3题(C)The exhaust valve seatings are special, water-cooled seating rings. These rings are also pressed into the cylinder cover in cooled conditions.

Each cylinder cover is provided with cooling water from a screwed-on tubular cooling water jacket through radial bores in the thick bottom of the cover. Each of the radial bores is connected to two side bores. The cover has further separate bores that lead to the cooling water jacket and the bores in the cylinder cover to a common outlet chamber.第3题(B) The cylinder cover and cylinder liner are assembled by means of four threaded studs screwed into the frame. Tightening is effected by means of hydraulic tools, and sealing by means of a thin ring mounted between the cylinder cover and the cylinder liner.第2题(B) A starting valve is mounted on the side of the cylinder cover.

第4题(A)The engine has oil-cooled pistons of cast iron. 第4题(B)The pistons are provided with three compression rings and a spring-loaded scraper ring. A space for cooling oil is provided at the top of the piston. 第4题(C)The scraper ring prevents lubricating oil from being &awn up into the combustion chamber.

Oil for cooling the piston crown is led from a bore in the crankshaft through a channel in the connecting rod and the connecting rod journal, to the bushing for the gudgeon pin. This bushing is provided with an annular groove from which part of the oil is led for lubricating the gudgeon pin. The remaining oil continues through bores in the gudgeon pin and the piston to piston cooling chamber.

1. This Passage is mainly about_____.

A. cylinders and cylinder covers

B. cylinders and pistons

C. cylinder covers and pistons

D. cylinders and oil

注：这篇文章主要是关于汽缸盖和活塞的。

2. Which of the following may be provided on top of the cylinder cover?

A. Two exhaust valves

B. A starting valve

C. An indicator

D. All of the above

注：在缸盖顶部配备的是;两个排气阀。C应为indicator valve.

3. Which of the following is true?

A. The inlet valve seating rings are of heat-resistant cast steel.

B. There are six studs by which the cylinder cover and liner are tightened.

C. The exhaust valve seatings are cooled by water.

D. A copper ring is mounted between the cylinder cover and the liner.

注：排气阀阀座由水冷却。

4. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. The pistons are cooled by oil.

B. Four piston rings are fitted to each piston.

C. The scraper ring scrapes the oil downwards.

D. The piston cooling is of splash type.

注：活塞冷却是飞溅式（冷却）是错的。

Passage 12 （原题库第29篇）

第1题Each of the engine cylinders is provided with a Bosch, type PF, fuel pump. The fuel pump is a single-acting plunger pump with 第3题(A) non-adjustable stroke. 第2题The plunger is so accurately ground and lapped that its clearance inside the barrel is only 0.002-0.003 mm. This provides sufficient tightness between plunger and barrel, even at pressures as high as 200 ~ 400 bar, without the need for sealing materials. Neither the plunger nor the barrel can therefore be renewed individually. 第3题(B)\(C) The plunger pressure stroke is produced by a cam on the engine camshaft, whereas the return stroke, the suction stroke is effected by means of a strong coil spring. The top of the pump barrel is closed by a spring-loaded pressure valve, to which the fuel oil pipe for the respective fuel valve on the relevant engine cylinder is connected.

Regulation of the amount of fuel delivered by the fuel pump is achieved by turning the pump plunger, the cylindrical surface of which has a milled recess. The bottom of this recess ends with an edge, which is at fight angles to the cylinder generating lines, whereas the top of the recess is limited by a helix. This produces an inclined control edge on the plunger, which also has a narrow longitudinal groove. In the pump barrel are drilled two diametrical holes through which the fuel oil can flow into the fuel pump barrel. The pump barrel is surrounded by a regulating sleeve, the upper end of which is shaped as a toothed rim. The lower end has two lengthwise slots in which projecting lugs on the lower end of the plunger can slide up and down.第4题The end of the regulating rod from the engine governor is designed as a toothed' rack that engages with the toothed rim on the end of the regulating sleeve. This makes it possible to turn the pump plunger during engine operation.

1. The fuel pump_____.

A. is of PF type

B. is of reciprocating type

C. has an inlet valve and an outlet valve

D. A and B are true.

注：燃油泵是PF型，往复式。

2. The plunger_____.

A. is accurately ground and lapped outside the barrel

B. has a tiny clearance inside the barrel

C. can be renewed individually when worn out

D. An of the above are true

注：柱塞在套筒中的间隙是微小的。

3. Which of the following is true?

A. The stroke of the plunger can be adjusted

B. The outlet valve is spring loaded

C. The plunger down stroke is accomplished by the spring

D. B and C are true.

注：出口阀是弹簧加力的，柱塞的下行冲程有弹簧实现。

4. It can be inferred that when moving the rack_____.

A. the sleeve moves up and down

B. the plunger moves up and down

C. the effective stroke of the pump will be changed

D. All of the above are true.

注：可以推断出，当移动齿条时，泵的有效行程会改变。

Passage 13 （原题库第30篇）

Governing prime movers, particularly diesel engines, require careful consideration. The cyclic variations of a diesel cycle can be passed into the governor drive if it is too "stiff". That is, the cyclic vibrations will be imposed on the internal gearing etc. inside the governor homing. 第2题To prevent this, some form of damper should be used on

the drive into the governor. 第1题(A)The mounting point for the governor should be rigid; a vibration mounting would soon downgrade even the best of governors. Chain or belt drives should be avoided as far as possible, as slapping of the belt or chain produces speed variations causing malfunction of the governor. Similarly the drive from the end of the camshaft is subject to torsional vibrations, and governors should not be located at that point. They should be located as close as practicable to the fuel pumps, thereby limiting the mass/inertia of operating linkage. In all cases, the governor should be matched to the engine requirements in terms of droop, load limiting, response time etc. On large engines there is an inertial resistance to acceleration within the masses of reciprocating and rotating elements of the engine, so that during acceleration fuel could be released to the cylinders at a faster rate than efficient combustion can hum it.第1题(B) In an attempt to compensate for this, and to maintain acceptable combustion during acceleration, a tapping from the scavenge space may be taken and the pressure used to regulate the rate of fuel released to the engine. This process is incorporated into the governor operating system so that the governor releases a quantity of fuel commensurate with the increase in air pressure in the scavenge space.第4题(during deceleration the problem is not so great, as excess air can be tolerated far more easily than can the incomplete combustion associated with insufficient air. )

1. This Passage is mainly about_____.

A. mounting the governors

B. the scavenge pressure limit to the governor

C. A and B

D. how the governor regulates the fuel index

注：这篇文章主要是关于安装调速器以及对调速器的扫气压力控制。

2. The drive to the governor_____.

A. should be rigid

B. should use damper

C. should use chains or belts

D. should be from the end of the cam shaft

注：到调速器的驱动（装置）应该使用减震器。

3. The governor should be mounted close to the fuel pumps_____.

A. for limiting the inertia effect

B. for limiting the load

C. to ensure speed droop

D. to cut down the cost

注：调速器安装应靠近燃油泵用于限制惯性效应。

4. It can be inferred that with scavenge pressure limit_____.

A. the engine can be accelerated rapidly

B. the engine can be decelerated rapidly

C. the governor will supply fuel oil efficiently

D. the combustion will be more complete

注：可以推断出扫气压力控制下，燃烧更完全。

Passage 14 （原题库第31篇）

第2题(A) After the shut-off valve of the starting air receiver has been opened, the air flows at full pressure through the filter to the main start valve "A"(with complicated construction), thereby applying pressure to pipe between the main start valve "A" and the starting air control valve. Providing that maneuvering hand wheel is in the "Stop" position, all other pipes are without pressure.

第3题(A)If the wheel is turned towards the "Start" position, a pawl above the starting air control valve is actuated and the valve is opened, allowing air to flow to the main start valve "A". It opens to allow a direct through-flow of air. 第3题(B)All cylinder starting valves are thus exposed to air pressure and, furthermore, air flows to the starting air distributor, which is controlled by the camshaft. The distributor has a series of slide valves arranged radially around the camshaft-one slide valve for each cylinder. These supply pilot air to the cylinder starting valves with pistons in the "Start" position. 第3题(C)The rotation of the engine crankshaft commences, after which the cylinder starting valves are opened in the comet sequence. The crankshaft is thus brought to speed of rotation necessary for compression and ignition.

When the maneuvering hand wheel is mined, the governor is actuated through a flexible cable setting the fuel pumps. However, a fuel index limiting arrangement is inserted, which keeps the regulating shaft and thus the fuel pumps at zero index during the starting process, ensuring that fuel is not injected into a cylinder during the supply of starting air.

第4题When the engine crankshaft has reached the necessary speed, the hand wheel is turned further past the "Start" position with the result that the arm above the starting air control valve is released and the valve is closed and

vented. At the same time, the control piston in the main start valve "A" is also vented, thus blocking the supply of air to the cylinder starting vales, the starting air distributor and the fuel index limiter. Gradually, as the handle is turned further towards the maximum position. The governor increases the fuel pump index and the crankshaft rotates more quickly. The governor ensures that the maximum permissible speed is not exceeded.

1. This Passage is about_____.

A. starting air system and speed regulating system

B. start of the engine

C. governor

D. crankshaft

注：这篇文章主要是关于发动机启动的。

2. If the shut-off valve of the starting air receiver is opened_____.

A. the cylinder starting valves are subject to pressure

B. the air flows to the starting air distributor

C. the starting air control valve is actuated

D. None of the above is true.

注：如果启动空气瓶的关闭阀被打开，上面说法都不对。（根据第一段划线内容推断）

3. If the hand wheel is positioned "start"_____.

A. the starting air control valve will be opened

B. individual starting valve on each cylinder will be exposed to pressure

C. there will be cylinder starting valve or valves opened

D. All of the above are true.

注：如果手轮被放在启动位置，启动空气控制阀被打开；每个汽缸上各自的启动（空气）阀经受压力；有汽缸（空气）气动阀被打开。以上答案都是正确的。

4. During the supply of starting air to the cylinder_____.

A. air is consumed

B. fuel oil may be supplied to the cylinder or cylinder for reliable starting

C. the control piston in the main start valve "A" is vented

D. All of the above are true.

注：向汽缸供应启动空气期间，空气被消耗。（句中vent，意为放气；通风）

Passage 15 （原题库第32篇）

第2题The governor drive is placed on the stem end of the engine and consists of a cylindrical gear wheel which is driven by the gear wheel on the camshaft, plus a set of conical gears. 第1题The function of the governor is to control the effective stroke of the fuel pumps, so that the rev/min of the crankshaft is maintained constant within certain limits, independent of the load.

The action of the governor is transferred through arms and draw rods to a longitudinal regulating shaft on which a 2-part arm is provided for each fuel pump. 第3题The 2-part arm comprises an arm holder and a spring lever which are connected by a spring, thereby enabling the governor to control the pumps even if one of the pump pistons seizes. The movement is transferred from the spring lever to the toothed rack of the pump through a linkage.

The regulating shaft is also provided with a stop arm which can be moved by the piston rod in a stop cylinder that is activated when the engine's overspeed trip comes into operation. The piston rod in the stop cylinder influences the stop arm, whereby the regulating shaft is turned and the fuel pumps are set in the "Stop" position, thus stopping the engine. The Woodward governor tries to maintain the regulating shaft in the "Running" position, but between the governor and the regulating shaft there is a flexible draw rod that can be compressed and thus allows the regulating shaft to be moved into the "Stop" position.

第4题If a cylinder is to be set out of action, e.g. when measuring the compression pressure, the spring lever and thereby the toothed rack of the relevant fuel pump is moved to the zero position.

1. This Passage is mainly about_____.

A. working of the governor

B. the camshaft

C. fuel index regulating of the engine

D. the fuel pump

注：这篇文章主要是关于发动机油尺调节的。

2. The governor_____.

A. is driven directly by the crankshaft

B. is driven with chains by the camshaft

C. is in the middle part

D. None of the above is true.

注：调速器不是直接由曲轴驱动，也不是通过凸轮轴由链条驱动，也不在中间部分。

3. If a fuel pump piston seizes_____.

A. the stop cylinder will be activated

B. the governor will be damaged

C. the relevant spring will be compressed

D. the flexible joint will be compressed

注：假如燃油泵柱塞卡住，相关的弹簧将被压缩。

4. When measuring the compression pressure in the cylinder_____.

A. the engine should be stopped

B. the fuel pump should be stopped

C. the toothed rack of the relevant fuel pump should be moved to zero position

D. None of the above is true.

注：测量汽缸中压缩压力时，相关燃油泵的齿圈应被移到零位。

Passage 16 （原题库第33篇）

Where routine maintenance is concerned, the governor should be checked regularly for adequate lubrication.

第1题The operating range is usually quite small, giving a tendency for them to wear over limited areas. Then a sudden and larger change in speed than normal may carry the governor onto a ridge of debris or gummy oil deposit so that it may stick at that point. To restrict this problem as far as possible, the governor pivots, slide, etc. should be cleaned and well lubricated whenever possible.第2题It should be born in mind that the governor structure is such that, were the spring to fracture in any way, the flyweights would be able to move outwards and shut the engine down. The connections from the governor to the fuel racks should be designed in such a way that the governor can both increase and decrease the fuel within the bounds of some hand setting; i.e. 第3题the governor can adjust the fuel settings but cannot release more fuel to the engine than is dictated by some predetermined value set by the engine operator.

第4题To overcome the above limitations of the CF governor, "servo governors" have been developed. These use the power of hydraulics to pump the heavier fuel rack systems associated with larger engines into the desired position. This "powered" operation is rapidly and accurately achieved, and the hydraulic flow can be either electrically or mechanically controlled. The speed sensing can be done by a tachometer arrangement that can be set to the desired speed, and on sensing any variation a solenoid operated flow valve allows pressurized hydraulic flow into a servo system of pistons/plungers which resets the rack positions. Although this system is quite effective, more mechanically controlled governors are fitted to larger engines. These use the principle of the CF governor, i.e. fly weights acting against spring pressure, but instead of the slide working directly onto the fuel racks it simply regulates the flow of hydraulic fluid to servo pistons controlling the rack positions, this system therefore has the proven reliability and sensitivity of the small CF governor and yet develops quite a large governor effort through the hydraulic fluid.

1. Which of the following is the reason that the governor discussed sticks?

A. The governor is not sensitive normally.

B. It is because of wear in normal working range.

C. The change of speed is too small

D. All of the above are true.

注：讨论的调速器卡住的原因是：由于在正常工作范围中有磨损。

2. If the spring fractured_____

A. the fly weights would fracture too

B. the speed would be greatly increased

C. the operator would set the value

D. the fuel would be cut off

注：如果弹簧断裂，燃油将被切断。

3. From the first paragraph we know that the fuel index_____.

A. will exceed the predetermined upper limit on account

B. will exceed the predetermined limit if the load is too high

C. will invariably stuck

D. None of the above is true.

注：从第一段中我们可以知道，油尺刻度绝不能超过预设上限。

4. The second paragraph is mainly about_____.

A. hydraulic power

B. CF governors

C. advanced governors in stead of CF governor

D. electrical or mechanical hydraulic flow

注：第二段主要是关于取代CF调速器的先进调速器。

Passage 17 （原题库第34篇）

第2题(A) typical example of a hydraulic governor is the Woodward. This has adjustable droop for parallel operation and it is fitted with a speed-adjusting control. If required it can be fitted with a synchronizing motor to provide remote control from a switchboard.

第3题(A) gear pump driven from the engine supplies oil under pressure to accumulator pistons under which is a by-pass to regulate maximum pressure. One branch supplies oil which acts on top of the power piston, the pressure always tending to mm the terminal shaft to shut off fuel, while the other branch supplies oil to the pilot valve which is operated by the linkage from the fly weights above.

Should the speed of the engine decrease due to increased load第4题(A) the flyweights will move towards their center of rotation and lower the position of the pilot valve plunger, admitting oil pressure from the bottom of the power piston. Since, however, the area on the bottom is much greater than the top第4题(C)the net resultant force causes the piston to move upwards. 第4题(D)This operates the power lever turning the terminal shaft which varies the cut-off point in the fuel pump through linkage, but as the power piston moves up, the actuating compensating piston moves down. Oil under this piston is now forced through the needle valve to the receiving compensating piston, raising the outer end of the floating lever and the第4题(B)pilot valve plunger until it has returned to its normal position. This stops further movement of the terminal shaft so that the fuel control is now set in a position corresponding to the increased fuel required to run the engine at normal speed under the increased load.

1. This Passage is mainly about_____.

A. what type of governor should be provided when the engine is used for electric power generation

B. why the speed of the engine fluctuates

C. how the governor works

D. how the fuel pumps work

注：这篇文章主要是关于调速器是如何工作的。

2. Which of the following is true about the Woodward discussed?

A. It is a kind of mechanical governor.

B. It can not be used for parallel operation.

C. It has speed droop.

D. It may only be manually controlled from a switch board.

注：关于讨论的Woodward，“它有速度降”是正确的。

3. The oil from the gear pump will_____.

A. be supplied to the accumulator

B. act on the power piston

C. be supplied to the pilot valve

D. All of the above are true.

注：来自齿轮泵的油（液压油）被供到蓄压器；作用到动力活塞上；也被供到导阀。accumulator蓄压器；power piston 动力活塞；pilot valve 导阀；导向阀

4. When the speed of the engine decreases due to increased load, which of the following will NOT happen?

A. The flyweights move towards their center

B. The pilot valve plunger moves towards its normal position.

C. The power piston moves downwards until it returns to its normal position.

D. The terminal shaft moves to a new position

注：当发动机由于负载增加而转速降低时，不会发生的是：动力活塞向下移动，直到它回到正常位置。Passage 18 （原题库第35篇）

The cylinder liner is of alloy cast iron, its upper flange lands on top of the frame and has bore cooling. 第1题It is secured by a forged steel cylinder cover which is also bore cooled and is shaped internally to accommodate most of the combustion space. Cylinder lubricating oil is injected at one level in the liner. Pistons have a chrome-molybdenum alloy steel crown with hard chrome-surfaced ring grooves in which four compression tings are fitted. 第2题In this particular model a protective layer of Inconel is welded to part of the crown surface to prevent high temperature corrosion. The piston is oil cooled, oil being supplied by a telescopic gland to the crosshead and then through the piston rod. It is returned from the crosshead to a slotted pipe in the crankcase. A short east iron skirt is added. The crown is bolted to the piston rod at an inner support ring.

Surface hardening reduces wear on the piston rod at the diaphragm gland. The rod is bolted at the top of a cylindrical crosshead which is of large diameter and incorporates a full-length bottom half-bearing shell.

第3题Floating guide shoes are attached at each end.

The crankshaft may be either semi-built up or of welded construction, with large journals and pins. All crankcase beatings are of white metal. Main bearings have thick shells, crankpin (bottom end) and crosshead (top end) bearing have thin-wall shells. White metal is used for the guide surfaces. The exhaust valves are operated hydraulically under oil pressure from cam-timed actuated pistons.第4题They have air compressed springs which allows them to be rotated by vanes. The valve spindles are usually manufactured by the hot isostatic pressure (HIP) method, a compound Nimonic and austenitic steel part construction. Valve housing is cooled at its seat and spindle guide bush but it upper duct is uncooled to avoid low temperature corrosion.

1. Which of the following features is not mentioned about the cylinder cover?

A. Made of forged steel

B. Special shaped

C. Bore cooled

D. Intensively cooled

注：关于气缸盖，强制冷却的特征没有提到。

2. In order to prevent high temperature corrosion on the piston crown, what kind of special measures is taken?

A. Made of chrome-molybdenum alloy steel

B. Hard chrome-surfaced

C. Inconel welded

D. Surface hardened

注：为防止活塞头高温腐蚀，要采取（铬镍铁）合金焊接的特殊措施。

3. Which one is not bolt-connected?

A. The piston crown and the piston skirt

B. The piston crown and the piston rod

C. The piston crown and the cross head

D. The guide shoes and the guide

注：导板滑块和导板不是螺栓连接的。

4. The exhaust valves are rotated by_____.

A. cam

B. compressed air

C. vanes

D. hydraulic oil

注：压缩空气排气阀转动。

Passage 19 （原题库第36篇）

第1题In a closed fresh water system, the engine jackets, the heat exchanger and the circulating pumps form a continuous circuit which is not open to the atmosphere. The cylinder jacket cooling water after leaving the engine passes to a sea water circulating cooler-heat exchanger-and then into the jacket water circulating pumps. It is then pumped around the cylinder jackets, cylinder heads, exhaust valves and turbo-blowers.第2题However, provision has to be made for the expansion of the water due to the increase in temperature and due to small amounts of air which may enter the system and become entrained and for water make-up due to leakages. These are met by a small head tank which is open to the atmosphere and placed at a higher level than any other point in the system so that the small changes in volume can be accommodated by changing the level of the free surface of the water in the tank.

第3题The head tank is generally connected into the system at the pump suction, as this minimizes the

chance of air being draw into the system at the pump. The minimum height of the head tank may be based on maintaining pressure of fresh water in the heat exchanger above that of the seawater to ensure that in the event of a small internal leak developing seawater cannot enter the fresh water system. Alternatively, it may be based on the need for a minimum pressure to be maintained within the jackets to avoid cavitation effects.

The closed systems usually need vents if steam pockets or air locks are not to cause trouble. Vent pipes of small-bore tube are lead from any local high point in the system to the top of the head tank for the release of air from the cooling water. A heater in the circuit facilitates warming of the engine prior to starting by circulating hot water.

第4题The temperature of the water entering the engine jackets is regulated by means of a by-pass across the jacket water cooler. The proportions of water passing through the cooler, or bypassing it are controlled by a three-way valve. The temperature is usually adjusted to maintain a constant outlet water temperature from the engine regardless of the load or speed or the temperature of the seawater.

The piston cooling system may be an open system which employs similar components with the closed System, except that a drain tank is used in stead of a head tank and the vents are then led to a hopper or tundish at the high point in the machinery space. The hopper serves as a visual flow indicator. A separate piston cooling system is used to limit any contamination from piston cooling glands to the piston cooling system only.

1. The loop of the jacket cooling water is _________________.

A. engine →heat exchanger →circulating pumps →engine

B. heat exchanger →engine →circulating pumps →heat exchanger

C. circulating pump →heat exchanger →engine →circulating pump

D. circulating pump →engine →heat exchanger →circulating pump

注：缸套冷却水的回路是：发动机—热交换器—循环泵—发动机。

2. A small head tank is provided in the closed jacket cooling water system for

A. water expansion

B. water make-up

C. warming of the engine

D. A + B

注：闭式缸套冷却水系统中，型高置水柜提供用于：水膨胀；水补偿。

3. The head tank is connected to the closed circuit at

A. engine inlet

B. pumps inlet

C. heat exchanger inlet

D. engine outlet

注：高置水柜在泵入口处被连到闭合回路。

4. The jacket water temperature is regulated to maintain a constant temperature of

A. engine inlet

B. pumps inlet

C. heat exchanger inlet

D. engine outlet

注：缸套水温度被调节是为了维持发动机出口温度恒定。

Passage 20 （原题库第38篇）

During normal operation on heavy oil at sea, the oil is taken from the HO tanks, where it is stored. First, it is fed through a heater and next through a centrifuge for purification. 第1题It may then pass through a cooler, before being discharged to the steam-heated heavy oil service tanks. Two of these are usually fitted and they are used alternately.第4题(A)One tank is in use, while the other is being filled. 第3题These tanks are heated to a moderate temperature and self-closing drain valves are fitted to remove any water or sludge which may settle out. 第4题(C)The oil is drawn from the service tank in use by pumps and discharged at low pressure to the 第4题(B)(fuel oil heater). These pumps should be in duplicate. A relief valve on the pumps will return excess pressure to the system. A viscosity regulator is fitted at the heater discharge, through which the oil will pass. This automatically controls the temperature of the oil fuel leaving the heater to maintain its viscosity within close limits. A by-pass must be fitted to the viscosity regulator. The oil is then discharged through a fine strainer to the main engine fuel pump suctions. A pressure control valve is fitted in the system and excess oil returned either to the heavy oil service tanks or to a balancing tank.

第4题(D) A diesel fuel tank is included in the system with its discharge to the primary pump suctions through a change-over valve. By operating this valve the engine may be operated on diesel oil.第2题Change-over should be very gradual to allow temperatures in the system to stabilize. During this period, the excess oil will return either to the heavy oil service tanks or a balancing tank. After it has been pumped from the DO tanks, where it is stored, the diesel oil passes through a centrifuge for purification before entering the diesel oil tank.

1. The word "these" probably means _____.

A. HO tanks

B. a heater and a centrifuge

C. a heater and cooler

D. heavy oil service tanks

注：―these‖这个单词可能意思是这些重油日用柜。

2. How is change over from heavy oil to diesel oil carried out?

A. Step by step

B. Hand over hand

C. Step for step

D. Quickly

注：重油到柴油的转换应逐步地进行。Step by step ( 逐步地)等同于gradual

3. Where are self-closing drain valves fitted?

A. HO tanks

B. Heavy oil service tanks

C. Balancing tank

D. Centrifuge

注：自闭式放残阀被安装在重油日用柜上。

4. Which of the following statements is true according to this Passage?

A. Two heavy oil service tanks are used meanwhile.

B. "Heater" mentioned in this passage is only used to heat heavy oil.

C. Two pumps are fitted, which draw oil from the service tank in use.

D. Diesel oil passes to the primary pump, and then through a change-over valve.

注：两台泵被安装，从在使用的日用柜中抽油。

Passage 21 （原题库第39篇）

The diesel engine is a form of internal combustion engine similar to that used in a bus. Its power is expressed as brake horsepower (bhp). This is the power put out by the engine. Effective horsepower is the power developed by the piston in the cylinder, but some of this is lost by friction within the engine.【The power output of a modem marine diesel engine is about 40,000 brake horsepower. This is now expressed in kilowatts. By comparison the engine of a small family car has an output of about 80 bhp. Large diesel engines, which have cylinders nearly 3 ft in diameter, turn at the relatively slow speed of about 108 rpm. These are known as slow-speed diesel engines. The can be connected directly to the propeller without gearing. 第2题(A)Although higher power could be produced by higher revolutions, this would reduce the efficiency of the propeller, because a propeller is more efficient the larger it is and the slower it turns. 】第1题These large slow running engines are used in the larger merchant ships, particularly in tankers and bulk carriers. The main reason is their low fuel consumption. More and more of the larger merchant vessels are being powered by medium-speed diesel engines. 第3题【These operate between 150 and 450 rpm, 】therefore they are connected to the propeller by gearing. This type of engine was once restricted to smaller cargo ships, but now they are used in fast cargo liners as well as in tankers and bulk carriers. 【They are cheaper than slow-speed diesel engines, 】and their smaller size and weight can result in a smaller, cheaper ship.

1. Why do larger merchant vessels use slow-speed diesel engines?

A. Because they tm at about 108 rpm.

B. Because their propellers are more efficient.

C. Because they can be connected directly to the propeller without gearing.

D. Because they are fuel-saving.

注：较大型的商船使用低速柴油机的原因：因为它们是省油的。

2. According to the author's standpoint, what does the efficiency of slow-speed diesel engine propellers depend on?

A. Propeller power

B. Both propeller size and revolutions

C. Propeller size

D. Propeller revolutions

注：依据作者的观点，低速柴油机螺旋桨的效率取决于：螺旋桨尺寸和转速。

3. Why do medium-speed diesel engines have gearing?

A. In view of propeller efficiency

B. In view of engine revolution

C. In view of fuel consumption

D. In view of merchant ship size

注：中速柴油机有传动装置的原因：考虑到螺旋桨效率。

4. What is probably the main reason why medium-speed diesel engines were once restricted to smaller cargo ships?

A. They are cheaper than slow-speed diesel engines.

B. The fuel consumption of the medium speed engine is more than that of the slow speed engine.

C. They operate between 150 and 450 rpm.

D. Smaller cargo ships require more efficient propellers.

注：中速柴油机曾经局限于较小货船，主要原因可能是：中速柴油机的燃油消耗比低速柴油机的燃油消耗多。（通过文章当中【】标注的内容，利用排除法，可得出答案。）

Passage 22 （原题库第40篇）

第1题In one type of large bore MC engines with high cylinder numbers, we have experienced longitudinal vibrations of exhaust receiver of a magnitude that caused local overstressing around the fixed supports. 第2题Measurements revealed that the vibrations were caused by gas pulsation inside the receiver at a frequency, which, at certain engine speeds, coincided with the natural frequency of the mechanical vibrations of the receiver. 第3题The problems were solved by redesigning the receiver and its supports, so as to change the natural frequency. 第4题The fixed support for the exhaust receiver was modified from our single spring plate type to a double spring plate type. The double spring plate type reduces the local deformation of the receiver and because of the greater rigidity, also the natural frequency of the support is increased.

1. The MC engine _____.

A. is a new type of diesel engine discovered and used on board not long ago

B. is a new type of diesel engine designed on the basis of MAN and B&W engine

C. came to use before the MAN and B&W engine

D. has no advantages over the MAN and B&W engine

注：MC 发动机是根据MAN and B&W型发动机设计的一种新式柴油机。

2. The vibration caused by_____.

A. the natural frequency of the fixed support

B. the different engine speeds

C. the gas pulsating within the receiver

D. the gas exhausting inside the receiver

注：震动是由排气管中气体脉动造成的。

3. The aim at redesigning the receiver and its supports is to_____.

A. keep the frequency down

B. convert the natural frequency

C. reduce the mechanical vibration

D. exhaust much gas

注：重新设计排气管及其支架的目的是：转换固有频率。

4. The fixed support of the receiver of double spring plate type is_____.

A. modified from that of the receiver of single spring plate type

B. to reduce the local deformation of the receiver

C. to produce less natural frequency of the support

D. both A and B

注：双弹簧板式排气总管的固定支架是由单弹簧板式的排气总管的固定支架修改成的；用来减少排气总管的局部变形。

Passage 23 （原题库第41篇）

第1题Instrument air must be clean and dry. Air leaving a compressor is 100% humid and has some free moisture present; the free moisture is easily removed by ceramic filters but 第2题(A)n absorbent type drier is also required to give the desired dryness factor.

第3题The source of the air can be from the main air reservoirs after reducing the air pressure to the 7 or 8 bar pressure required by the system. 第4题In this case it is likely that the dew point of the air will be such that an absorbent drier will not be needed and a ceramic filter will suffice.

1. The "instrument air" probably means_____.

A. an instrument consisting of air

B. humid air

C. dry air

D. control air

注："instrument air"（仪表气源）可能意思是控制空气。

2. A more effective method of removing moisture is_____.

A. filtering

B. absorbing

C. heating

D. cooling

注：去除空气的一种更为有效的方法是吸收。

3. The first sentence in the second paragraph tells us that the instrument air pressure is_____.

A. 7bar

B. 8bar

C. 15bar

D. 7 bar or 8 bar

注：第二段第一句告诉我们仪表气源的压力是7巴或8巴。

4. When will a ceramic filter suffice?

A. When there is an absorbent drier.

B. When there is not an absorbent drier.

C. When dew point of the air becomes higher.

D. When the dew point of the air becomes lower.

注：当空气的露点变得更高时，一个陶瓷滤器就足够了。

Passage 24 （原题库第42篇）

第4题Sufficient potable water may be taken on in port to meet crew and passenger requirements but the quality of this water will be too poor for use in water tube boilers and will require further treatment by distillation. 第2题It is common practice to take on only a minimal supply of potable water and make up the rest by distillation of sea water. Even in vessels which carry sufficient potable water for normal requirements it is a statutory requirement that such ships, when ocean-going, should carry distillation plant for emergency use.

The main object of distillation is to produce water essentially free of salts. Potable water should contain less than 500mg/litre of suspended solids.第3题Good quality boiler feed will contain less than 2.5mg/litre.

1. The potable water means_____.

A. waste water

B. that the quality is too poor to drink

C. the feed water for boilers

D. drinking water

注：potable water意思是drinking water 饮用水

2. In common practice, when ocean-going every time, ships should take on_____.

A. sufficient potable water

B. minimal quantity potable water at least

C. a distillation plant

D. sufficient sea water

注：一般，每次远洋航行时，船舶应至少装载最少量的饮用水。

3. Suspended solids of the boiler feed will be_____.

A. less than 500mg/litre

B. more than 500mg/htre

C. less than 2.5mg/litre

D. more than 2.5mg/litre

注：锅炉给水的悬浮固体，每升要少于2.5毫克。

4. Which of the following statements is not true?

A. Potable water used as feed should be treated to meet boilers.

B. The distillation plant can generate the fresh water.

C. The quality of potable water is better than distilled water.

D. A partial drink water can be made up by distillation of sea water.

注：饮用水的品质比蒸馏水好，是不对的。

Passage 25 （原题库第43篇）

第1题(B)y bringing the water to its boiling point and drawing off the vapour the salts and other solids are left behind in the liquid, a proportion of which is discarded. The vapour produced is essentially solids-free although some solids are carried over, especially if the equipment is misused.

The equipment in which this process takes place is known as an evaporator of which there are two distinct types. One type boils the water at the saturation temperature corresponding to the pressure in the evaporator and is known as a boiling evaporator.第3题The other type heats the water in one compartment before it is released into a second compartment in第4题which the pressure is substantially lower, causing some of the water to "flash" into a vapour. This type is known as a flash evaporator. 第2题Thus in a boiling evaporator the water is maintained continuously at its saturation temperature-in other words latent heat is added-while in the flash evaporator it is sensible heat that is supplied.

1. The word "which" in line 2 in paragraph 1 means_____.

A. vapour

B. salts

C. solids

D. liquid

注：第一段第2行，单词"which"意思是liquid，液体。

2. The vapourizing pressure in a boiling evaporator is_____.

A. essential constant

B. dramatically various

C. substantially lower

D. substantially higher

注：在沸腾式造水机中，蒸发压力基本是恒定的。

3. The vapouring pressure in a flash evaporator is_____.

A. essentially constant

B. dramatically various

C. substantially lower

D. substantially higher

注：闪发式造水机中蒸发压力相当低。

4. The word "which" in line 4 in paragraph 2 means_____.

A. heat

B. Water

C. the first compartment

D. the second compartment

注：在第二段第4行中单词"which"的意思是the second compartment，第2级。

Passage 26 （原题库第44篇）

第1题Basically, these units incorporate an evaporating section beneath a condensing or distilling section in a common vessel of appropriate shape. A controlled flow of filtered feed, taken preferably from a salt circulating outlet, enters the evaporating section and ascends through a battery of vertical tubes, surrounded by steam or hot water, vaporizing as it goes, to the condensing section through a 第3题l abyrinth or screen (generally called a demister) which ensures that no droplets of salt water enter the condenser with the vapour. The vapour, directed by suitably placed baffles, passes over the condenser tubes and falls as water to an outlet duct, from which it is removed by a distillate pump, via a salinometer.

1. The main idea of this Passage described_____.

A. a boiler

B. a fresh water generator

C. a refrigerator

D. a atmosphere condensing system

注：这篇文章主要思想描述的是造水机。

2. Which of the following parts is not mentioned?

A. Evaporator

B. Condenser

C. Circulating pump

D. Salinometer 注：循环泵没有提到。

3. The function of a labyrinth or screen_____.

A. directs the vapour flow

B. prevents the droplets through

C. transfer the heat to the feed

D. measures the salinity of distillate water

注：曲径或屏障的作用：防止液滴经过。

4. We can infer that_____.

A. the feed passes around the tubes

B. the hot water passes around the tubes

C. the feed flows beneath the hot water

D. the vertical tubes are heated by the battery

注：我们可以推断出：热水在管子周围通过。

Passage 27 （原题库第45篇）

The heating medium may be live steam or preferably and more commonly, exhaust or bled steam or again, in motor ships, hot fresh water, taken from the cooling main between the engine and the f. w. coolers. The distilling unit may be circulated by salt water or, depending upon the heat recovery attainable in the boiler feed system, by main or auxiliary condensate. Sub-atmospheric pressure is produced in the units by water-operated air ejectors; the brine density in the evaporating section is maintained at 0.062g/ml.

1. Which of the following heating mediums is not mentioned?

A. Live steam

B. Exhaust gas

C. Bled steam

D. Cooling water for main engine

注：（从第1句推断出）没有提到的加热介质是废气。

2. The underline sentence "the distilling unit may ..." means that_____.

A. the vapour is cooled by salt water

B. the salt water vapourizes in the distilling unit

C. the salt water is feed water

D. the salt water is condensate

注：下面划线的句子"the distilling unit may ..."意思是：蒸汽被海水冷却。

3. The phrase "sub-atmospheric pressure" in line 4 probably means_____.

A. the primary air

B. the secondary air

C. vacuum pressure

D. absolute pressure

注：第4行中短语"sub-atmospheric pressure"意为：真空压力。"sub-atmospheric pressure"低于大气压,真空度。

4. Which of the following materials is not mentioned to make the evaporator-distiller shell?

A. Cupro-nickel

B. Non-corrodible material

C. Mild steel

D. Aluminum brass

注：制造造水机的管壳，没有被提到的材料是：铝黄铜。

Passage 28 （原题库第46篇）

After ensuring that the "nip" is correct the beating clearance should be checked. 第3题The bearing cup and its associated half shells are removed leaving the other half in position. 第1题Two pieces of pure lead wire are placed across the journal at positions one-third and two-thirds along its length.第2题The cap and shell are replaced and tightened up until the "nip" is zero. 第3题The cap and shell are then removed and the thickness of the lead wire measured by a micrometer. It is important to use only pure lead, which is very soft, and to choose a thickness of wire, which is greater than the normal allowable clearances but not greater than twice this amount. The clearance should be within the manufacture's limits. 第4题(A)s a guide these will be approximately 0.1 to 0.2 mm for white metal bearings and approximately 0.25 to 0.4 mm for copper-lead or tin-aluminum bearings with crankshaft journal diameters in the range from about 200 to 400m.

1. The lead wire should be put on the upper surface of the journal_____.

A. longitudinally

B. vertically

C. transversely

D. angularity

注：铅丝应被横向放在轴颈的上表面。

2. Which of the following statements is true?

A. The cap and shell begin to be tightened when the "nip" is zero.

三管轮轮机英语大证考试真题41期

中华人民共和国海事局 2006年第3期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第41期) 科目：轮机英语试卷代号：805 适用对象：无限、近洋航区3000KW及以上船舶二/三管轮 （本试卷卷面总分100分，及格分为70分，考试时间为100分钟） 答题说明：请选择一个最合适的答案，并将该答案按答题卡要求，在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。第1题至74题，每题1分，第75题至78题，每题1.5分,第79题至80题, 每题10分。 一、单项选择题 1. A diesel engine is similar to a gasoline engine except that the former has no ______. A. cross-head B. spark plug C. connecting rod D. cylinder 2. A diesel engine which is rated for normal operation at a crankshaft speed of 800 RPM, is commonly classed as a ______. A. slow-speed diesel B. medium-speed diesel C. high-speed diesel D. constant-speed diesel 3.Which of the diesel engine components listed increases air density and helps to improve engine operating efficiency? A. Impeller B. Compressor C. After-cooler D. Exhaust diffuser 4.For a given size engine, the two-stroke/cycle diesel engine will deliver more power than a four- stroke/cycle diesel engine because ______. A. it has a longer power stroke B. more air gets into the cylinder each stroke C. it develops twice as many power strokes at the same speed D. higher combustion pressure is developed 5.The intake valves in a diesel engine are reseated by ______. A. cam followers B. push rods C. combustion gases D. valve springs 6.According to the way the energy of the exhaust gases is utilized, pressure-charging can be divided into two main systems, namely, the constant-pressure system and ______. A. the pulse-phase system B. the pulse Doppler system C. the pulse system D. the pulse interval system 7.An over-speed safety device is usually fitted to a generator engine for______in the event of over- speed. A. cutting power off the engine B. increasing the fuel pump setting C. braking the crankshaft D. stabilizing the ship speed 8.What preventative maintenance should be done frequently to diesel engine starting air receivers? A. Drain the accumulated moisture. B. Test the relief valves. C. Watch the temperature to prevent fluctuations in pressure. D. Clean the interior to remove oil and foreign matter. 9.Immediately after any diesel engine is started, the engineer should check the ______. A. crankcase pressure B. lube oil pressure C. seawater pressure D. exhaust temperature 10. A controllable pitch propeller on a diesel driven vessel eliminates the need for ______. A. friction clutches B. disconnect clutches C. reversing gears D. reduction gears 11.In motor ship, ______is often used to recover some of the heat carried in the exhaust gases from the main engine. A. an diesel oil heater B. a waste heat boiler C. a fresh water generator D. a donkey boiler 12.An exhaust gas bypass is installed on a waste heat boiler in order to ______. A. bypass exhaust gas at high loads to prevent excessive back pressure B. bypass a portion of the exhaust gas at peak loads for better efficiency C. recycle exhaust gas to the turbocharger D. minimize moisture condensation in the boiler gas passages at low loads 13.Prior to lighting off a cold automatically fired auxiliary boiler, you should ______. A. check and regulate the water level B. close the air cock once fires are lit C. blow down the gage glass D. assure protective steam flow 14.Flame failure in an automatically fired auxiliary boiler can mostly result from a/an ______. A. incorrect electrode setting B. incorrect nozzle position C. clogged fuel nozzle D. broken high tension lead 15.Waterside scale in a fire-tube boiler may cause ______. A. increased heat transfer B. fireside erosion C. high steam demand D. overheated tubes 16.Which of the following will be the advantage of a centrifugal pump as compared with a reciprocating pump? I. Its discharge is continuous; II. It has no internal valves; III. Upon accidental closing of discharge valve, excessive pressure will not build up A. I, II B. II, III C. I, II, III D. II only 17.Why are removable sleeves installed on centrifugal pump shafts? A. They make it easier to replace the pump shaft packing. B. They can be economically replaced as they wear out. C. They can be removed when it is necessary to lighten the weight of the pump. D. They increase the strength of the shaft. 18.If one of the bilge system manifold valves does not properly seat, the ______. A. bilge well connected to that valve, plus the second bilge well being pumped will be completely emptied B. bilge system will lose vacuum and prevent the other bilges from being pumped out C. bilge well aft connected to that valve will siphon(虹吸) its contents to the forward bilge wells D. discharge pressure will be too high. 19.Which of the listed statements is correct concerning the starting of centrifugal pumps? A. They should always be started with the discharge valve closed. B. They should always be started with the discharge valve opened. C. A priming pump is always required to flood the impeller suction. D. They should always be started with the sealing line valves closed. 20.The simplest method to use for determining if a centrifugal pump is operating as designed, is to ______. A. closely observe the pump discharge temperature B. close off the discharge valve, and watch for a rise in pressure C. momentarily close off the suction valve, and watch for a rise in pressure D. use a clamp on ammeter and compare the readings to past records

最新《轮机英语学习指南》补充题)

最新《轮机英语》考证补充题（20100818） 1. There are four main types of marine engines: and the marine nuclear plant. A. the diesel engine, the steam turbine and dual-fuel engine B. the diesel engine, the steam turbine and the gas turbine C. the gas-diesel engine, the gasoline engine and the diesel engine D. the gasoline engine, the diesel engine and the steam turbine 注：船用发动机有四种主要类型：柴油机、汽轮机、燃气轮机和船舶核动力装置，选B。 2. In crosshead engines in good condition the cylinder oil consumption may usually be . A. bellow 0.1 g/hp. hr. B. above 10 g/hp. hr. C. below 1.0 g/hp. hr. D. zero 注：十字头式柴油机在状态良好的情况下气缸耗油率低于1.0 g/hp. hr., 选C。 3. The is the power available at the output shaft of the engine and can be measured using a torsionmeter or with a brake. A. electric power B. shaft power C. indicated power D. mechanical power 注：轴功率是指发动机输出轴上可获得的功率，可以使用扭矩表或刹车来测量，选B。 4. The greatest turbulence in a diesel engine cylinder is created by the . A. shape of the combustion chamber B. fuel injection spray pattern C. cylinder swept volume D. degree of penetration of the fuel oil droplets 注：柴油机气缸内最大的湍流是由燃油液滴的穿透程度产生的，选D。 5. The liquid flowing in the capillary is such that the difference in _____ readings taken before the capillary and after it is related to the oil viscosity. A. pressure B. velocity C. flow rate D. temperature 注：对于在毛细管内流动的液体，毛细管前后测取的压差与油的粘度有关，选A。 6. The starting air bottle should be pumped up to maximum pressure by the _____ before start of the engine. A. air compressor B. refrigeration compressor C. vacuum pump D. purifier 注：在发动机启动前，应使用空压机将启动空气瓶打到最大压力，选A。 7. The primary task of the compressed air system is to deliver the starting air necessary for _____. A. starting the M.E. B. starting the emergency electric alternator C. driving the main turbine D. driving the turbocharger 注：压缩空气系统的主要任务是为启动主机提供压缩空气，选A。 8. Air compressor receivers should be “blown down” at least _____. A. yearly B. quarterly C. monthly D. daily 注：空气瓶应每天放残，选D。 9. Starting air for auxiliary engines may be taken directly from the main reservoirs or through . A. an auxiliary reservoir B. a controlling air bottle C. an emergency air compressor D. a main air compressor 注：辅机的启动空气可直接来自主空气瓶，也可来自辅空气瓶，选A。 10. The air reservoirs must have _____ fitted to prevent rupture in the event of fire.

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中华人民共和国海事局 2007年第2期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第43期) 科目：轮机英语试卷代号：805 适用对象：无限、近洋航区3000KW及以上船舶二/三管轮 （本试卷卷面总分100分，及格分为70分，考试时间为100分钟） 答题说明：请选择一个最合适的答案，并将该答案按答题卡要求，在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。第1题至74题，每题1分，第75题至78题，每题1.5分,第79题至80题, 每题10分。 一、单项选择题 1.______ the engines, the diesel engine is ______ used engine on board. A. Between/more commonly B. Among/the most commonly C. Between/not more commonly D. Among/ not the most commonly 2.The average pressure exerted on a piston during each power stroke is termed ______. A. indicated horsepower B. mean effective pressure C. exhaust back pressure D. compression pressure 3.The cetane number rates fuels for diesel engines according to its ______. A. antiknock characteristics B. ignition qualities C. rates of vaporization D. viscosity 4.The time between injection and ignition of the fuel is known as ______. A. turbulence lag B. after burning ratio C. pre-ignition lag D. ignition delay 5.______ controls the fuel oil temperature in order to provide oil at the correct viscosity for combustion. A. The viscosity regulator B. The temperature controller C. The flow meter D. The pressure switch 6.Constant cooling the various components of diesel engine has a number of functions except for ______. A. good lubrication B. low thermal stress C. good mechanical properties D. acid corrosion 7. A device which functions to bring a diesel engine to a full stop to protect it from damage is known as a/an ______. A. torque limiter B. over-speed trip C. over-speed governor D. load limit governor 8.Engine speeds at which resonance can occur are termed ______. A. maximum speeds B. full speeds C. sea speeds D. critical speeds 9.Prolonged operation of a diesel engine with a closed cooling water system at lower than normal designed operating temperatures can ______. A. increase power output B. decrease lube oil viscosity C. eliminate fuel knock D. cause sulfuric acid formation 10.______ on a ship transmits power from the engine to the propeller. A. The automatic control system B. The speed regularly system C. The transmission system D. The compression air system 11.In a _____ boiler the hot gases from the furnace pass through the tubes while the water is on the outside. A. water-tube B. fire-tube C. exhaust gas D. composite 12.The fuel supply system to an automatic auxiliary boiler, will be automatically shutdown if the boiler ______. A.salinity is abnormally B.high steam demand is too high C.feed-water flow is low D.water level is abnormally low 13.The water in a steaming auxiliary boiler should be tested daily for ______. A. dissolved oxygen B. chlorides C. sludge D. dissolved nitrogen 14.Ignition failure in an automatically controlled auxiliary boiler could be caused by ______. A. carbon deposits on the flame scanner B. high fuel oil temperature C. low fuel oil viscosity D. high steam pressure 15.The concentration of total dissolved solids in the water of an auxiliary boiler can increase as a result of ______. A. seawater contamination B. frequent surface blows C. dissolved oxygen de-aeration D. frequent bottom blows

轮机大管轮英语真题48期

中华人民共和国海事局 2009年第5期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第48期) 科目：轮机英语试卷代号：803 适用对象：无限、近洋航区3000KW及以上船舶大管轮 （本试卷卷面总分100分，及格分为70分，考试时间为100分钟） 答题说明：请选择一个最合适的答案，并将该答案按答题卡要求，在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。第1题至82题，每题1分，第83题至94题，每题1.5分。 一、单项选择题： 1. The reason why more and more of the large merchant vessels are being powered by medium-speed diesel engines is . A. they operate between 150 and 450 rpm B. they are connected to the propeller by gearing C. their smaller size and weight D. they can be connected directly to the propeller without gearing 2. The closing of the exhaust valves used on a modern, large, low-speed, main propulsion diesel engine may be directly provided by . A. large conical springs B. compressed air pressure C. hydraulic pressure D. exhaust gas pressure 3. One of the factors limiting the amount of toad which can be put on a modem marine diesel engine is the . A. governor sensitivity B. exhaust temperature C. fuel injection pressure D. speed of the cam shaft 4. The desirable properties or a marine fuel oil should inc lude . A. high flash point and high viscosity B. low flash point and high viscosity C. low heating value and high sulphur content D. high heating value and low sulphur content 5. As the plunger moves upwards in the barrel, injection will commence once the plunger bas the spill ports and the pressure builds up. A. opened up B. closed off C. lined up D. taken off 6. In an auxiliary diesel engine bypass type lubricating oil system, the main lube oil pump forces . A. all of the oil used by the engine through a filter B. some of the oil used by the engine through a filter C. some of the oil used by the engine through a centrifuge D. all of the oil used by the engine through a centrifuge 7. Because the circulating water is in a closed loop, is installed to cater for expansion and contraction of the water at different conditions of operation. A. an expansion joint B. a drain tank C. a head tank D. a contraction tank 8. The high air velocity leaving the compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger is converted to pressure in the . A. inlet nozzle ring B. turbine wheel blade C. diffuser passages D. inlet volute 9. is usually driven by the engine camshaft and supplies pilot air to the cylinder air start valve. A. An air receiver B. An operating valve C. An automatic valve D. An air distributor 10. Diesel engines driving alternators operating in parallel must maintain a set frequency regardless of load changes. The governor characteristic used to accomplish this is known as . A. actuation B. sensitivity C. compensation D. promptness 11. By comparing the exhaust gas temperature of each cylinder, the operator can determine if the load is balanced throughout the engine. The device most commonly used is a . A. tachometer B. pyrometer C. dynamometer D. calorimeter 12. When the ship is going to enter into the harbor, ____. A. change from heavy fuel oil to diesel oil for main engine B. pumping out bilge water C. change sea chest from high level one to lower level one D. test emergency generator 13. If the jacket water temperature rises rapidly above normal in a diesel engine, you should first . A. place standby cooler in operation B. reduce engine toad C. check thermostatic valve D. clean sea water strainer 14. Air cocks, usually positioned at the in a circulating system, is used to get rid of the air in the system. A. bending joint B. expansion tank C. weld D. the highest point 15. Which of the following conditions could contribute to the cracking of a diesel engine cylinder head? A. Leaking seal ring B. Insufficient heat transfer from the exhaust valves C. Blocked cooling water passages to the head D. Excessive scavenging air provided to the engine 16. of an engine crankshaft can be detected by measuring deflections of' crank webs for each unit of the engine. A. Misalignment B. Length C. Strength D. Stresses 17. can be a direct cause of faulty operation of diesel engine fuel injection nozzles. A. Excessive fuel nozzle holder cooling B. Sediment in the fuel supply C. Distortion of the fuel spray pattern D. Improper atomization of the fuel 18. When fuel is injected late into a diesel engine cylinder . A. the exhaust will be clear B. fuel consumption will be low C. all the fuel will be burned at top dead center D. fuel consumption will be high 19. A large change in ambient temperature, or using an oil of a viscosity different than the one recommended by the manufacturer in a mechanical hydraulic governor, will result m the need to adjust the . A. pilot valve opening B. compensating needle valve C. compensating spring tension D. accumulator spring tension 20. Which of the following factors tends to increase scale formation on the saltwater side of a heat exchanger used in a diesel engine cooling water system? A. Baffle plates that have been bent during prior removal. B. Leaks m the cooler tube nest. C. Operating the engine while maintaining a high sea water outlet temperature. D. A punctured sea water strainer supplying cooling water to the heat exchanger. 21. If the scavenge fire is of a more major nature, if there is a risk of the fire extending or if the scavenge trunk is adjacent to the crankcase with risk of a hot spot developing it sometimes becomes necessary to the engine. A. stop B. start C. speed up D. slow down 22. In an operating diesel engine, which of the following conditions is an indication of a leaking air starting valve?

轮机英语最新题库第二部分

5.2 MARPOL73/78 公约 5.2.1 MARPOL73/78 公约中有关含油污水的排放规则 3192. If it becomes necessary to pump bilges while a vessel is in port, which of the following procedures should be followed? A. Pump only if the discharge is led to a shore tank or barge. B. Pump only during the hours of darkness. C. Pump only on the outgoing tide. D. Pump only as much as is necessary. 3193. The scuppers should be plugged _____. A. only if fixed containment is not used B. only if portable containment is not used C. only if fixed containment drains are open D. whenever the vessel is being bunkered 3194. When discharging bilge water, which criteria must be observed? A. The requirement for the oil content of bilge water discharged is 15 ppm. B. No discharge in sensitive waters. C. Any discharge in sensitive waters. D. International, national or local requirements have to be observed. 3195. When bilge water is heated in a holding tank, which one of the following statements is not accurate? A. The relative high temperature facilitates primary gravity separation. B. Most of the oil and organic solvents are raised to the top layer. C. The relative high the temperature is, the top oil will be collected. D. The normal high temperature has little use on the separation of emulsified oil. 3196. If an oil spill occurs on deck, you should _____. A. cover the area with foam B. cover the area with absorbent material C. wash down immediately with a fire hose D. wash down immediately with an oil dispersing solvent 3197. Which of the following methods might favor oil emulsion in bilge water? A. Raising temperature. B. Less use of surfactant C. More use of solvent.

11规则大连海事最新轮机英语题库翻译3

11规则大连海事最新轮机英语题库翻译（三） 作者：系统管理员来源：发布时间： [2014-02-25] 点击数： 683 1.2.2 1. A diesel engine is similar to a gasoline engine except that the former has no ______. A. piston B. connecting rod C. cylinder D. spark plug D柴油机与汽油机相似除了柴油机没有火花塞 2. Fuel oil begins to inject into the cylinder of a four-stroke diesel engine during the _____. A. intake stroke B. exhaust stroke C. power stroke D. compression stroke D燃油开始喷射进入柴油机气缸是在压缩冲程末 3. Oil for piston cooling is delivered through rod to a compartment in the piston heat, then distributed as a result of piston motion, and finally drained to the crankcase through one or more holes or pipes; this procedure is known as the _____. A. splash method B. spray method C. shaker method D. throw-off method C活塞冷却油通过活塞杆进入一个空间，由于活塞的往复运动，将通过一些小孔管加热，分配最后排放冷却油到曲轴箱，这个过程被称为震荡冷却 4. Successful combustion inside the cylinders of a diesel engine depend upon______. A. fine atomization B. high temperature C. good mixing of fuel and air D. any one of the other alternatives D柴油机气缸内完全燃烧取决于良好雾化，高温，以及燃油空气的良好混合 5. The function of diesel engine valve springs is to ______. A. hold the valves open B. keep the valves off their seats until the exhaust stroke is completed C. close the valves D. open inlet valves when the air injection cycle begins C 柴油机阀件弹簧的作用是关闭阀 6. Cast iron pistons used in large propulsion diesel engines are constructed with_____. A. no taper B. the skirt being tapered and smaller than the crown C. the skirt being tapered and larger than the crown D. the crown being tapered and smaller than the skirt D 使用在大型推进装置的铸铁活塞的建造是使用活塞头呈锥面，并且小于活塞裙