文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 基础英语答案Unit 3

基础英语答案Unit 3

基础英语答案Unit 3
基础英语答案Unit 3

Unit 3

P 46 IV

1. A gracious manner adds great splendor to your image.

2. I dare say the note my guest sent me didn’t take long to write.

3. The simple phrase “Excuse me” made most of your irritation disappear.

4. Being punctual has always been considered a virtue, both in the past and at present; it has not become outdated.

5. You shouldn’t accept the other person’s presence without thinking of how much it means to you.

6. Good manners can be communicated from one person to another.

P 47 I

1. become different from what it should be like

2. displaying gratitude by waving a hand or nodding the head; move out onto the main road

3. be of great significance

4. who receives the thank you remark

5. produce a far reaching effect

6. practice good manners

P47 II

1. punctuality

2. routine

3. infectious

4.bet

5. terrific

6. boarded

7. valued

8. count

9. cherishes 10. irritations P48 III

1. D

2. A

3. B

4. B

5. C

6. A

7. D

8. A

P 50 VI1..The next-door neighbours are so unfriendly that we have stopped trying to talk to them. (friend)

2.Yes, I can speak a little Spanish because I spent some of my boyhood in Spain. (boy)

3.The doctor dealt with the hysterical patient with understanding. (understand)

4.There’s a reception at the British Embassy tonight. (receive)

5.The disappearance of the money from the cash-box shows that somebody in this office is a thief. (appear)

6.You must accept the decision of the committee. (decide)

7.Tom and Tim are twin brothers. They look exactly alike, differing only in height. (difference)

8.To relieve the traffic congestion, the government has built several elevated roads in the city. (elevator).

P 53 I

? 1. 譬如,我在纽约就看到这样的差别,与我20多年前刚搬来时大不相同了:人们蜂拥走进楼梯,却没有让电梯里面的人先出来;别人为他们开门时,从来不说“谢谢”;需要同事给他们递东西时,从来不说“请”;当其他开车人为他们让道时,也从不挥手或点头表示谢意。

? 2. 难道你没有注意到那些最和蔼,最慷慨的人似乎越来越漂亮吗?

? 3. 那封短信已经够可爱的了,然而更加可爱的是这位客人还在信中附上了一道小菜的

制作方法,那是在前一次聚会时我对她大加赞赏的一道菜。

? 4. 准时赴约和他人共进午餐是向对方表示:我们珍惜时间,也同样珍惜他得时间。

P53 II

1. I am sorry I am late; I was at a meeting and could not get away.

2. At the concert whenever a singer finished singing a beautiful song, the audience would burst into loud cheers to show their appreciation.

3. As a stylish dresser, she is always wearing styliah clothes, but she seldom cares about what she eats or drinks.

4. The nurse tells me that the doctors have done wonders for your heart disease.

5. When awarding the prize, the chairman complimented the winner on his great contribution to mankind.

6. This problem has bothered the experts for many years.

7. The crowd of demonstrators melted away when the police arrived.

8. Since punctuality is a good habit, we should pay much attention to it and make great efforts to cultivate this good habit.

9. The old man cherishes that girl, as if she were his own daughter.

10. It is just a routine physical checkup, nothing to get worried about.

基础综合英语_1-5单元课后翻译

作文翻译 Unit 1 李明是学化学的,性格开朗幽默,颇有魅力,但英语成绩不佳,每次只能勉强及格。老师警告他,英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金,并亮出了自己的王牌:如果李明不努力,就让他考试不过关。老师还告诉他,学习英语不能只为了文凭,否则他即使大学毕业,也还是个半文盲。李明虽然保持镇定,但他明白,他的学业生涯正在攸关之际,必须安心下来埋头学习,坚持不懈。 Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him. He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma. otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake. Unit2 我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育,既美丽又端庄,三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。究其原因,她的事业心极强,整日扑在工作上,每天来往于住处和公司之间,根本没有时间和异性交往。一想到女儿这么大了还单身一人,她父母就焦虑不安。他们不知道该如何是好,甚至还去咨询一些社会学专家。 但是事情在上个月出现了转机,公司的总部调琳达到培训部。在新的工作岗位上,琳达遇到了第一个触动她心弦的男人。从此,他们几乎每天约会,琳达意识到她会不顾一切地爱这个男人。决定嫁人的时候,她告诉了我这个好消息。 虽然琳达的爱情让人想起电影中才会有的浪漫故事,我也担忧未来究竟会怎样,但我还是表达了我由衷的祝福,并爽快答应在婚礼那天做他们的伴娘和伴郎随从中的一员。 Linda, my good friend, has received good education and is both beautiful and elegant. She was not proposed to even when she was well over thirty. The reason is that she, as a career –oriented woman, is devoted to her work. Navigating between home and the company, she had hardly any time to socialize with people of the opposite sex. Her parents were gripped by anxiety at the thought of their daughter still remaining single at such an age. They did not know what to do and even consulted with some sociologists. But the situation began to change last month, when the headquarters of the company transferred Linda to the training department. On the new post, Linda met a man who tugged on her heartstrings for the first time. Ever since then, they dated virtually on a daily basis, and Linda realized that she would love the man beyond all reason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me. Though Linda’s love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I don’t know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree readily to be a member of the entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen. Unit 3 食品供应商缺乏诚信已经成为当今社会的一大问题。部分企业欺骗公众,故意散布假消息,颂扬食品添加剂是食品工业的伟大成就,并声称适量的添加剂对健康有益无害。部分有良知的科学家对食品添加剂的含量和毒性展开了深入的病理学研究。研究结果表明,部分常见的食品添加剂经长期,可能会对健康产生危害,这被认为是食品安全研究方面极为重要的

英语语言文学专业基础

英语语言文学专业基础 本科目包括英语语言学基础、英美文学基础知识、英语国家概况、英汉互译四部分内容,总分150分,其中英语语言学基础15分,英美文学基础知识70分,英语国家概况15分,英汉互译50分。 I、英语语言学基础(15分) 一、考试要求和内容 该部分主要考查普通语言学的基本概念和基本理论。 二、考试题型 填空题、选择题、判断题、名词解释题。 三、参考书 《新编简明英语语言学教程》,戴炜栋、何兆熊主编,上海外语教育出版社,2002。 II、英美文学基础知识(70分) 一、考试要求 本部分考试旨在考查考生对有关英美文学的基本概念、主要流派、基础知识的理解和掌握情况,以及运用所学的基础理论知识分析、评论简单的文学文本。 二、考试内容 1、英国文学部分 1)古英语诗歌的形成、发展及主要文本。 2)英国中世纪文学的形成和发展、主要诗人及其作品。 3)英国文艺复兴时期的文学:“文艺复兴”产生的历史背景、定义及其主要特征、对英国文学的影响、主要作家及其作品。 4)新古典主义时期(十八世纪)英国文学:启蒙运动形成的原因、启蒙运动的定义、特征及其对英国文学的影响、这一时期主要的作家及其作品。 5)浪漫主义时期(十九世纪早期)英国文学:英国浪漫主义文学形成的历史背景、浪漫主义诗歌的主要作家及其作品、浪漫主义小说的主要作家及其作家品、浪漫主义散文的主要作家及其作品。 6)维多利亚时期(十九世纪中后期)英国文学:英国现实主义文学形成发展的历史背景、这一时期主要的作家及其作品。 7)现代时期(二十世纪)英国文学:英国现代主义文学形成的历史背景、现代主义文学的主要流派、这一时期主要作家及其作品。 2、美国文学部分 1)早期的美国文学:清教主义文学形成与发展、早期美国文学的主要作家及其作品。 2)浪漫主义时期的美国文学:早期浪漫主义文学的主要作家及作品、超验主义时期的主要作家几作品、后期浪漫主义文学的主要作家及作品。 3)现实主义时期的美国文学:美国现实主义文学的形成与发展及主要流派、美国现实主义文学与自然主义文学的异同、这一时期主要的作家及作品。 4)现代时期的美国文学:美国现代主义文学的形成与发展及主要流派、战后美国文学的形成与发展、现代时期美国文学的主要作家及作品。 三、考试题型 填空题、单项选择题、匹配题、名词解释题、文本分析题。 四、参考书 《英国文学简史》(新增订本),刘炳善,河南人民出版社,2007; 《美国文学简史》(第2版),常耀信,南开大学出版社,2003 III、英语国家概况(15分) 一、考试要求 本部分考试旨在考查考生对英美国家的地理、历史、政治、文化、社会习俗、宗教群体、价值观念以及该国人民的思想态度和生活方式的掌握情况。 二、考试题型 填空题、判断题、名词解释题。 三、参考书 《英美概况》(上、下册),张奎武主编,吉林科学技术出版社,2003 IV、英汉互译(50分)

英语语言学讲解

《英语语言学概论》课程教学大纲 一、课程说明: 《语言学概论》课程是英语专业本科阶段的一门必修课。 《语言学概论》研究始于20 世纪初,其目的是揭示人类深层结构,对语言和语言交际作出客观、科学描述。现已形成了语音学、音系学、形态学、句法学、语义学、语用学等一系分支学科。语言学研究社会学等人文学科的结合逐步形成了社会语言学这样的交叉学科。 对于主修语言学的学生来说,了解语言学的知识和语言理论是完全必要和有益的。 本课程的对象是英语专业高年级学生,在本科阶段第6学期和第7 学期开设。其中第一、二、三、四、五、七、八、十一章为必修,其余章节为选修。 二、教学目的及要求: 本课程的具体要求是:比较全面,系统地了解《语言学概论》这一领域的研究成果,以及一些最主要、最有影响的语言理论和原则,从而加深对人类语言这一人类社会普遍现象的理性认识,并具备一定的运用语言学理论解释语言现象、解决具体语言问题的能力。 本课程是一门知识性比较强的课程。在教学过程中,应重点讲授主要理论、原则、和研究方法,使学生着重掌握基本概念和基本理论,在理解消化的基础上记忆。 本课程的对象是英语专业学生,在讲解过程中原则上采用英语范例,但不排除一些有助于学习者理解的、针对性强的汉语例子。应鼓 励学生结合自己的语言实践提供更多的例子来解释相关理论,以达到理论和实践相结合的目的。

三、教学重点与难点: 本课程的教学重点是语言学的基本知识和基本理论,语音学、词汇学、句法学、语义学和语用学这些语言学的核心内容。 本课程的教学难点是音韵学理论、句法结构和各个语言学流派的理论观点及其局限性。 四、与其它课程的关系: 本课程是一门主干性课程。与其相关的课程,如语法学、词汇学和语体学等都是语言学的分支,属于选修课程。 五、学时与学分: 学时:72学时 学分:4学分 六、教学内容: 第一章绪论 本章主要教学内容: 1.语言学习的意义 2.语言的定义。 3.语言的定义特征 4.语言的起源。 5.语言的功能。 6.语言学的定义。 7.语言学的核心内容。 8.宏观语言学的定义及分支。

《英语语言学》答案完整版

《英语语言学概论》答案完整版 考核方法:闭卷考试 时间:100分钟 题型: I. 单项选择(15×1?=15?) II.判断(15×1?=15?) III.填空(10×1?=10?) IV.术语解释(5×2? =10?) V.简答题(4×5? =20?) VI. 分析题(30’) 重点掌握的术语: 1. Linguistics语言学 The study of the nature, structure, and variation of language, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. 2. design features设计特点 They are a series of features which are uniquely a part of human language and unlikely to be found in the communication system of other creatures. They are displacement, productivity, cultural transmission, arbitrariness, discreteness and duality. 3. Displacement移位 Language can be used to refer to things which are in the past, present or future, real or imagined,or in far-away places. 4. Duality二元性 It is generally the case that language is organized at two levels or layers which is known as the physical level and meaningful level simultaneously. 5. Arbitrariness任意性 It is generally the case that there is no …natural? connection between a linguistic form and its meaning. 6. Manner of articulation发音方法 It is the case that we describe the consonant sounds in terms of how they are articulated. 7. Place of articulation发音部位 It focuses on describing consonant sounds in terms of where they are articulated. 8. articulatory phonetics发音语言学 The general study of the characteristics of speech sounds is called phonetics. And the study of how speech sounds are made, or …articulated? is articulatory phonetics. 9. Phonology音系学 The description of the systems and patterns of the speech sounds in a language. 10. Assimilation同化 It is the process when two phonemes occur in sequence and some aspect of one phoneme is taken or …copied? by the other. For example, the word …can? in the sentence …I can go.?may pronounce as [k??] instead of [k?n] because of the influence of the following sound [g]. 11. Back-formation逆构法,逆序构词 A word of one type is reduced to form another word of different type. For example, the word …donation? first came into use and then the verb …donate? was created from it.

2017复旦大学英语语言文学--基础英语708真题

2017复旦大学英语语言文学(050201) 基础英语708 1.English-Chinese translation (50 points) A passage about Balzac’s work. (I think it’s about 400 words.) 2.Chinese-English translation (50 points) 老舍《养花》 我爱花,所以也爱养花。我可还没成为养花专家,因为没有工夫去作研究与试验。我只把养花当作生活中的一种乐趣,花开得大小好坏都不计较,只要开花,我就高兴。在我的小院中,到夏天,满是花草,小猫儿们只好上房去玩耍,地上没有它们的运动场。 花虽多,但无奇花异草。珍贵的花草不易养活,看着一棵好花生病欲死是件难过的事。 我不愿时时落泪。北京的气候,对养花来说,不算很好。冬天冷,春天多风,夏天不是干旱就是大雨倾盆;秋天最好,可是忽然会闹霜冻。在这种气候里,想把南方的好花养活,我还没有那么大的本事。因此,我只养些好种易活、自己会奋斗的花草。 不过,尽管花草自己会奋斗,我若置之不理,任其自生自灭,它们多数还是会死了的。 我得天天照管它们,象好朋友似的关切它们。一来二去,我摸着一些门道:有的喜阴,就别放在太阳地里,有的喜干,就别多浇水。这是个乐趣,摸住门道,花草养活了,而且三年五载老活着、开花,多么有意思呀!不是乱吹,这就是知识呀!多得些知识,一定不是坏事。 3.Writing (50 points) Nowadays there exists less and less idealists in China. Chinese people, especially the young generation, are now becoming the slaves of houses and children. People are losing their dreams and consider them as impossible to realize. But Gao Xiaosong once said, “Life is about poetry and faraway places.” What do you think of this idea? Write a text for about 500 words, and please think of a title for it.

英语语言学基础知识

英语语言学基础知识 一、绪论语言学的定义语言的定义语言学的研究范畴语言的甄别特征 几对基本概念 (2) a large amount of communication is carried out in speech than in writing What is linguistics? 什么是语言学? (3) speech is the form in which infants acquire their native language Language and parole 语言与言语 Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. It studies not any particular language, but languages in general. 语言学是对语言科学地进行研究的学科。语言学所要 研究的不是某一种特定的语言,Language refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 而是人类所有语言的特性。 Parole refers to the realization of language in actual use The scope of linguistics 语言学研究的范畴 Competence and performance 能力与运用 Phonetics语音学\Phonology音系学\Morphology形态学\Syntax句法学\Semantics语义学\Pragmatics语用学Chomsky defines competence as the ideal users’ knowledge of the rules of his language \Sociolinguistics社会语言学\Psycholinguistics心理语言学\Applied linguistics应用语言学 Performance: The actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. Prescriptive vs. descriptive 规定性与描述性 What is language? 什么是 语言? Descriptive:A linguistic study describes and analyzes the

英语语言学概论大纲(DOC)

一、课程性质及其设置目的与要求 (一)课程性质和特点 《英语语言学概论》课程是我省高等教育自学考试英语专业(本科段)的一门重要的专业理论课程,其任务是培养应考者系统地学习英语语言学的基本知识,掌握语言系统内部语言学各分支之间的关系和各分支的重要概念和基本理论,了解语言学在其它学科领域的应用,熟悉现代语言学重要的流派及其代表人物;通过该课程的学习,考生可以从不同的角度了解语言(的性质),了解语言学习和语言教学,为日后进一步学习语言学、从事语言教学实践和语言学研究打下扎实基础。本课程的特点是:专业术语多,概念多,内容抽象,所以,考生最好在学习本课程之前先学习提高语言读写能力的课程,如高级英语、泛读(三)、写作等,这样可以减少语言障碍,有利于学好语言学的理论知识。 (二)本课程的基本要求 本课程共分为本书共分四编,计十三章。第一编(一至二章)介绍了语言和语言学;第二编(三至八章)介绍了语言学的主要分支—语音学、音位学、形态学、句法学、语义学和语用学;第三编(九至十二章)为跨学科领域与应用—话语分析、社会语言学、心理语言学,以及语言学理论与外语教学;第四编(十三章)介绍了现代语言学流派。通过对本书的学习,要求应考者对英语语言学有一个全面和正确的了解。具体应达到以下要求: 1、掌握语言的性质、功能,以及语言学的研究范围、语言学的分支和重要的语言学概念; 2、掌握语言系统内部语言学各分支之间的关系和各分支的重要概念和基本理论; 3、了解语言学在其它学科领域的应用; 4、熟悉现代语言学重要的流派及其代表人物。 (三)本课程与相关课程的联系 英语语言学概论是一门基础理论课程,其含盖范围很广,既涉及语言系统内部的语音学、音位学、形态学、句法学、语义学和语用学,又涉及许多交叉学科,如话语分析、社会语言学、心理语言学、应用语用学(包括语言学理论与外语教学),以及本教程未涉及的神经认知语言学、计算机语言学、人工智能与机器翻译等。语言学的进一步研究甚至会涉及到哲学、逻辑学等领域。 在自考课程中,词汇学与语言学关系最为密切,词汇学的许多概念、理论和研究方法都来源于语言学。高级英语、泛读(三)、写作、翻译等课程则是学好语言学的基础。文学与语言学并非对立的关系,这两个领域的研究方法可以互相补充、互相借鉴,日后无论从事语言学还是文学研究,这两个领域都必须同时涉猎。 二、课程内容与考核目标

研究生基础综合英语unit1-8课后习题汉翻英.

翻译 Unit 1 李明是学化学的,性格开朗幽默,颇有魅力,但英语成绩不佳,每次只能勉强及格。老师警告他,英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金,并亮出了自己的王牌:如果李明不努力,就让他考试不过关。老师还告诉他,学习英语不能只为了文凭,否则他即使大学毕业,也还是个半文盲。李明虽然保持镇定,但他明白,他的学业生涯正在攸关之际,必须安心下来埋头学习,坚持不懈。 Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament . However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him. He was also to ld that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma. otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow t hrough because his academic life was at stake. Unit2 我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育,既美丽又端庄,三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。究其原因,她的事业心极强,整日扑在工作上,每天来往于住处和公司之间,根本没有时间和异性交往。一想到女儿这么大了还单身一人,她父母就焦虑不安。他们不知道该如何是好,甚至还去咨询一些社会学专家。但是事情在上个月出现了转机,公司的总部调琳达到培训部。在新的工作岗位上,琳达遇到了第一个触动她心弦的男人。从此,他们几乎每天约会,琳达意识到她会不顾一切地爱这个男人。决定嫁人的时候,她告诉了我这个好消息。虽然琳达的爱情让人想起电影中才会有的浪漫故事,我也担忧未来究竟会怎样,但我还是表达了我由衷的祝福,并爽快答应在婚礼那天做他们的伴娘和伴郎随从中的一员。 Linda, my good friend, has received good education and is both beautiful and elegant. She was not proposed to even when she was well over thirty. The reason is that she, as a career -oriented woman, is devoted to her work. Navigating between home and the company, she had hardly any time to socialize with people of the opposite sex. Her parents were gripped by anxiety at the thought of their daughter still remaining single at such an age. They did not know what to do and even consulted with some sociologists. But the situation began to change last month, when the headquarters of the company transferred Linda to the training department. On the new post, Linda met a man who tugged on her heartstrings for the first time. Ever since then, they dated virtually on a daily basis, and Linda realized that she would love the man beyond all reason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me.Though Linda’s love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I don’t know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree readily to be a member of the entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen. Unit3食品供应商缺乏诚信已经成为当今社会的一大问题。部分企业欺骗公众,故意散布假消息,颂扬食品添加剂是食品工业的伟大成就,并声称适量的添加剂对健康有益无害。部分有良知的科学家对食品添加剂的含量和毒性展开了深入的病理学研究。研究结果表明,部分常见的食品添加剂经长期,可能会对健康产生危害,这被认为是食品安全研究方面极为重要

英语语言文学专业深度分析

英语语言文学专业深度分析 一、学科概况 英语语言文学是外国语言文学下属的一个二级学科。英语是联合国工作语言之一,是世界上最通用的语言,也是我国学习人数最多的外语语种。英语语言文学是我国设置最早的外语专业之一。 英语语言学的发展趋势体现了语言学的发展趋势,具体表现为以下特点:由纯描写性研究转向以解释为目的的研究,由侧重英语本身特点的孤立研究转为侧重语言普遍性的比较研究,由侧重语言形式的研究转为形式和语义并重的研究,由对语言结构的研究扩展到对语言的习得、功能和应用的研究,由对英语的语音、词汇、语法、历史、方言等传统领域的研究发展到对英语的各个方面及相关领域的全面研究。目前英语语言学的主要分支学科包括音位学、形态学、句法学、文体学、历史语言学;语言学的其他主要分支学科,如语义学、语用学、话语分析、篇章语言学应用语言学、社会语言学、心理语言学等,也主要基于对英语的研究。 二、培养目标 应具有坚实的英语语言文学的基础理论和系统的专业知识,了解本学科的当前状况和发展趋势;具有严谨、求实的学风和独立从事科学研究工作的能力,学位论文应有新的见解;熟练掌握所学语言,第二外国语应具有一定的口、笔语能力及阅读与本专业有关书刊的能力;能熟练运用计算机和互联网络进行科研工作。 三、研究方向 研究范围包括语言学,文学,社会文化,翻译理论和实践等。 各个招生单位具体研究方向略有不同,以北京语言大学为例 01英国文学 02美国文学 03西方文论 04西方文化研究 05中西文学比较研究 四、考试科目 各个招生单位考试科目略有不同,以北京语言大学为例 ①101思想政治理论 ②242二外日语或243二外法语或244二外德语 ③722基础英语 ④824英美文学 五、课程设置 基础理论课: a.普通语言学:语言的本质、结构、功能、语言研究的对象、目的、方法,主要学派及其理论; b.西方文艺理论:从柏拉图到20世纪的西方文论; c.世界文学:东西方文学发展史及流派;

英语学科知识与能力

第一章英语语言基础知识 第一节中学英语语音知识 一,字母,音素(phoneme)和音标(phoneme symbol): 1. 根据发音时是否受到发音器官的阻碍以及阻碍程度,将26个英文字母分为?元音字母:a e i o u ?半元音字母:w y ?辅音:其他 (注)区分元音vowels的方法: ?舌头抬起的高度——高中低 ?舌头最高部分的位置——前中后 ?元音的长度或紧度——长元音短元音 ?唇的圆展度——圆唇非圆唇 2.英语音素: (注)英语音标发音方法巧记: ?/p/ ,/t/,/k/,/f/ ,/s/,/b/,/d/,/g/,/z/,/h/,/r/,/m/,/n/,/j/,/ w/与汉语拼音了的声母发音一致。 ? /θ/像一张嘴,咬住舌头,正是这个音标的发音。/e/与之相同,只不过清浊有变化。 ? /v/就是拼音的w(乌)。 ? /?/是拼音的sh(师)。 ? /ts/是拼音的c(次)。 ? /t?/是拼音的ch(吃)。 ? /tr/发音像汉字“戳” ? /?/是拼音的r(日)。 ? /dz/很难表达啊...有z(资)的音,但是前面浊化了。 ? /d?/是拼音的zh(知)。

? /dr/读“捉” ? /?/是拼音的ng(就是ang eng ing ong的后半部分)

二,语音的变化: 1.音节:一个音节至少有一个元音字母 1)重读:Stressed 2) 3)连音:liaison ●辅音+元音 ●R/re+元音 ●辅音+半元音 ●元音+元音 4)音的同化:assimilation 1 因唇形的影响而发生的同化: (1)[n], [d], [t]在双唇音[m], [b], [p]前面被同化,如ten men (十个人) (2)双唇音[p]后面的[n]变成[m], 如:open (打开) 2 因声带的影响而发生的同化: (1)浊辅音可变为清辅音,如:of course (当然) (2)清辅音可变为浊辅音,如:like that (像那样) 3 因发音部位的影响而发生的其他同化: (1)[s] 和[z]在?或[j]前面被同化为?和?如:this shirt (这件衬衣) (2)[t], [d], [s]和[z]在[j]前面和[j]合并为t?,d?,?和? last year (去年) Did you go? (你去了吗?) God bless you (上帝保佑你) Has your letter come? (你的信来了吗?) 5)失去爆破音: ?爆破音+爆破音:前一个爆破音失去 ?爆破音+摩擦音/破擦音 ?爆破音/t,d/+鼻音/m,n/ ?爆破音/t,d/+舌边音/l/ 第二章语言学与英语教学 美国语言学家克拉申在20世纪70年代提出了“语言习得”理论,认为人们掌握语言有两种方式,一种是习得Acquisition 无意识的逐渐掌握母语,一种是学习learning,一般指学习母语之外的第二种语言。

研究生-基础综合英语-单词整理

Unit1 1.semiliterate:a.semi-educated;having only an elementary level of reading and writing ability半文盲的,有初等文化的semi-:half or partly 2.dropout:n.a personwho leavesschool before finishing a course(尤指中学的)退学学生 3.do-gooder:n.sb.who does things that they think will help other people,although the other people might not find their actions helpful一个总是试着帮助别人的人(通常是贬义);不实际的社会改革家(指幼稚的理想主义者,支持善心或博爱的事件的改革者) 4.impediment:n.obstacles,barriers妨碍,阻止,阻碍,阻挡 5.trump card:anything decisiveheld in reservefor useat a critical time王牌 6.charmer:n.a personwho hasgood qualities that make you like him/her讨人喜欢的人,有魅力的人,有迷惑力的人(尤指迷人的女人) 7.get by:to be able to deal with a situation with difficulty,usually by having just enoughof sth.you need,suchas money过得去 8.settledown:to becomequiet and calm(使)安静下来;平息 9.flunk:v.to fail an exam or courseof study不及格 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5814093345.html,posure:n.calmnessandcontrol平静;镇静;沉着 11.parade:n.a seriesof peopleor things that appearone after the other 12.at stake:to be won or lost;risked受到威胁,面临危险 13.sail:v.to move quickly and effortlessly投入 14.testimony:n.spokenor written statementthat sth.is true证词,证明 15.conspiracy:n.act of joint planning of a crime阴谋,共谋 16.doom:v.to makesb.or sth.certain to do or experiencesth.unpleasant注定 17.follow through:to continue a stroke,motion,plan,or reasoningthrough to the end 将动作、计划等进行到底 18.I flunked my secondyearexamsandwas lucky not to be thrown out of college. 19.The managementdid not seemto consideroffice safetyto be a priority. 20.Thousandsof lives will be at stake if emergency aid does not arrive in the city soon. 21.I think therewas a conspiracy to keep me out of the committee. Unit2 1.propose:v.[to sb.]to aska personto marry one提亲;求婚 2.knockoff:n.a copy or reproduction of a designetc.esp.one madeillegally假货;赝品 3.Windex:v.to clean with a kind of detergentby the brand of Windex用Windex牌清洁剂清洗 4.takethe plunge:to take a decisive first step,commit oneself irrevocably to a course of action冒险尝试 5.bridesmaid:n.a girl or unmarried woman attending the bride at a wedding女傧相;伴娘 6.maid of honor:a principal bridesmaid女傧相

英语语言基础知识概述

英语语言基础知识概述 了解到了英语的衍变、英语词汇、英语语法、英语语音等基础知识;通过了解和掌握与英语学习有关的语言基础知识,为英语学习奠定一定的基础。 一、英语的衍变 英语有着悠久的历史,它的发展和衍变过程主要经历过以下几个阶段: (1)罗马帝国 公元前55年,罗马统帅恺撒,正率兵征战高卢,率军跨过英吉利海峡,罗马人的到来,让这个没有文字只有语言的,史前时代的土著民族进入了拉丁文字时代。这是在因英语成型之前的第一次引进拉丁文字,拉丁语成了官方语言。 (2)西日尔曼民族 在公元五世纪西日尔曼民族来到英伦三岛,成为了统治者。来到岛上的主要是Anglo-Saxon 人。这一时期,几乎所有的英语都是日尔曼语固有的词汇,这些词汇奠定了古英语的基础。日尔曼语中的前缀,后缀派生构词法,在这一时期也传入了英语,使英语成为了一门繁殖能力很强的语言。所以英语,尤其是古英语跟德语的语法几乎一样,词汇十分相似。 (3)诺曼征服 诺曼人是法国北部的人,打败了法国北部的高卢人,又逐渐被法国的文化所同化。法国统治的400多年里,为英国带来了丰富的法语词汇。当时的法国社会是三种语言并行的社会,法语是贵族使用的语言,拉丁语是宗教语言,英语是市井阶层使用的语言。所以从法语中引入了学多与国家政治有关,与艺术生活有关的词汇。 (4)文艺复兴 文艺复兴的目的是摆脱中世纪宗教思想的束缚,因此大量借鉴古希腊罗马的语言,在英语中引入了大量拉丁词汇。例如以o结尾的单词,大部分都是艺术词汇,还有许多医学词汇都借鉴了拉丁词根。 二、英语词的构成 英语词除拟声词外,绝大多数是由词根或根词加词缀或不加词缀,或者再通过合成、缩略等构成的。换句话说,英语词大多数是来源于下列构词方法:派生法、合成法、转化法、缩略法、逆法、拟声法。 (1)派生法: 英语词中的派生词有两大类型:一是以根词为主,附加前缀后缀构成;另一类是以词根为主,附加前缀或后缀构成。 第一类型包括以下几种:前缀十根词、根词十后缀、前缀十根词+后缀、组合形式十根词,这一类型的派生词大多出现在术语中 第二类型则包括以下几种:前缀+词根、词根十后缀、前缀+词根十后缀,有时几个前缀后缀在连在一起用、组合形式+组合形式,组合形式的结合不限于两个,科技术语中三个组合而成的词比比皆是。组合形式结合成词后还可以加上后缀,以改变其词性。由此可见,组合形式具有构词能力强,结合灵活的特点。 (2)合成法 把两个或两个以上独立的词结合在一起构成新词的方法叫合成法,用合成法构成的词叫 合成词。英语词有许多词是按合成法构成的。复合词的意义一般可从词面上一目了然,但也有少数词义比较曲折,不易看出。合成词按词类可分为四种:1、合成词;2、合成形容词;3、合

2019届中考英语复习 第一篇 语言基础知识 第3课 七下 Units 1-5课后练习

课后练习3 七下 Units 1—5 一、完形填空(30分)(xx·余姚模拟) A gift in a wrong place brings unexpected happiness. 1 I came to my new neighborhood, I have had the pleasure of meeting a few neighbors. They seem to be quite kind people. For Christmas, I thought I would do something 2 for each of the neighbors that I know. I sat down and 3 . There were nine neighbors, and I also knew which houses they lived in. However, I decided to 4 one more person to my list, the lady I met every morning walking to work as I drove down the street. She always managed a sweet smile and a hearty 5 , but I had no idea which house she lived in. My gift idea was to make small 6 baskets and leave them on each of my neighbors’ front porches(门廊) the night of Christmas Eve. I kept the last one for the friendly lady, since I was still not 7 sure where she lived—maybe the house down about where I met her each morning. Finally I decided to put it there. My neighbors really 8 the baskets and a couple even came by to thank me. This morning on my way to work, I placed my mail in the mailbox and noticed a “Thank You” card. I opened it and read the message which really caught me by 9 . This card said, “Thank you for those lovely apples and strawberries you left on the porch of Tod. He passed away on January 19th, but he never stopped 10 how nice it was that someone remembered him in his time of illness. He was very happy.” I was very surprised. I had no idea who Tod was or that he had been seriously 11 . I had left that nic e lady’s basket on Tod’s porch by accident. I 12 that Tod never expected to have that basket. I feel 13 that the nice lady did not get a basket from me this Christmas, but I’m sure that if she knew 14 had happened,

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档