ASTM A 325
Designation:A325–02American Association
State Highway and
Transportation Officials
Standard AASHTO No.:M164
Standard Speci?cation for
Structural Bolts,Steel,Heat Treated,120/105ksi Minimum
Tensile Strength1
This standard is issued under the?xed designation A325;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1.Scope*
1.1This speci?cation2covers two types of quenched and tempered steel heavy hex structural bolts having a minimum tensile strength of120ksi for sizes1.0in.and less and105ksi for sizes over1.0to11?2in.,inclusive.
1.2The bolts are intended for use in structural connections. These connections are covered under the requirements of the Speci?cation for Structural Joints Using ASTM A325or A490 Bolts,approved by the Research Council on Structural Con-nections,endorsed by the American Institute of Steel Construc-tion and by the Industrial Fastener Institute.3
1.3The bolts are furnished in sizes1?2to11?2in.,inclusive. They are designated by type,denoting chemical composition as follows:
Type Description
Type1Medium carbon,carbon boron,or medium carbon alloy steel. Type2Withdrawn in November1991.
Type3Weathering steel.
N OTE1—Bolts for general applications,including anchor bolts,are covered by Speci?cation A449.Also refer to Speci?cation A449for quenched and tempered steel bolts and studs with diameters greater than 11?2in.but with similar mechanical properties.
N OTE2—A complete metric companion to Speci?cation A325has been developed—Speci?cation A325M;therefore,no metric equivalents are presented in this speci?cation.
1.4This speci?cation is applicable to heavy hex structural bolts only.For bolts of other con?gurations and thread lengths with similar mechanical properties,see Speci?cation A449.
1.5Terms used in this speci?cation are de?ned in Speci?-cation F1789.
1.6The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion,Section10,of this speci?cation:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.
2.Referenced Documents
2.1ASTM Standards:
A153Speci?cation for Zinc Coating(Hot-Dip)on Iron and Steel Hardware4
A194/A194M Speci?cation for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High-Pressure and High-Temperature Service5
A449Speci?cation for Quenched and Tempered Steel Bolts and Studs6
A490Speci?cation for Heat-Treated Steel Structural Bolts, 150ksi Minimum Tensile Strength6
A563Speci?cation for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts6
A751Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products7
B695Speci?cation for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel8
D3951Practice for Commercial Packaging9
F436Speci?cation for Hardened Steel Washers6
F606Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers,and Rivets6
F788/F788M Speci?cation for Surface Discontinuities of Bolts,Screws,and Studs,Inch and Metric Series6
F959Speci?cation for Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Structural Fasteners6
F1470Fastener Sampling for Speci?ed Mechanical Prop-erties and Performance Inspection6
F1789Standard Terminology for F16mechanical Fasten-ers6
G101Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion
1This speci?cation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02on Steel Bolts, Nuts,Rivets,and Washers.
Current edition approved Jan.10,2002.Published February2002.Originally published as A325–https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5014093870.html,st previous edition A325–01.
2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Speci?-cation SA-325in Section II of that Code.
3Published by American Institute of Steel Construction,One East Wacker Dr., Ste.3100,Chicago,IL60601-2001.
4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol01.06.
5Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol01.01.
6Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol01.08.
7Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol01.03.
8Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol02.05.
9Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol15.09. 1
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels 102.2ASME Standards:11
B 1.1Uni?ed Screw Threads
B 18.2.6Fasteners for Use in Structural Applications B 18.24.1Part Identifying Number (PIN)Code System 2.3Military Standard:12
MIL-STD-105Sampling Procedure and Tables for Inspec-tion by Attributes
3.Ordering Information
3.1Orders for heavy hex structural bolts under this speci-?cation shall include the following:
3.1.1Quantity (number of pieces of bolts and accessories).3.1.2Size,including nominal bolt diameter,thread pitch,and bolt length.
3.1.3Name of product,heavy hex structural bolts.
3.1.4When bolts threaded full length are required,Supple-mentary Requirement S1shall be speci?ed.
3.1.5Type of bolt:Type 1or 3.When type is not speci?ed,either Type 1or Type 3shall be furnished at the supplier’s option.
3.1.6ASTM designation and year of issue.
3.1.7Other components such as nuts,washers,and com-pressible washer-type direct-tension indicators,if required.3.1.7.1When such other components are speci?ed to be furnished,also state “Nuts,washers,and direct tension indica-tors,or combination thereof,shall be furnished by lot number.”3.1.8Zinc Coating —Specify the zinc coating process re-quired,for example,hot dip,mechanically deposited,or no preference (see
4.3).
3.1.9Other Finishes —Specify other protective ?nish,if required.
3.1.10Test reports,if required (see Section 13).
3.1.11Supplementary or special requirements,if required.3.1.12For establishment of a part identifying system,see ASME B18.2
4.1.
N OTE 3—A typical ordering description follows:1000pieces 11?8-7UNC in.dia 34in.long heavy hex structural bolt,Type 1ASTM A 325–02,each with one hardened washer,ASTM F 436Type 1,and one heavy hex nut,ASTM A 563Grade DH.Each component hot-dip zinc-coated.Nuts lubricated.
3.2Recommended Nuts :
3.2.1Nuts conforming to the requirements of Speci?cation A 563are the recommended nuts for use with Speci?cation A 325heavy hex structural bolts.The nuts shall be of the class and have a surface ?nish for each type of bolt as follows:
Bolt Type and Finish
Nut Class and Finish
1,plain (noncoated)A 563-C,C 3,D,DH,DH3,plain
1,zinc coated A 563-DH,zinc coated 3,plain A 563-C3,DH3,plain
3.2.2Alternatively,nuts conforming to Speci?cation A 194/A 194M Gr.2H are considered a suitable substitute for use with Speci?cation A 325Type 1heavy hex structural bolts.3.2.3When Speci?cation A 194/A 194M Gr.2H zinc-coated nuts are supplied,the zinc coating,overtapping,lubri-cation,and rotational capacity testing shall be in accordance with Speci?cation A 563.
3.3Recommended Washers :
3.3.1Washers conforming to Speci?cation F 436are the recommended washers for use with Speci?cation A 325heavy hex structural bolts.The washers shall have a surface ?nish for each type of bolt as follows:
Bolt Type and Finish
Washer Finish
1,plain (uncoated)plain (uncoated)1,zinc coated zinc coated
3,plain weathering steel,plain
3.4Other Accessories :
3.4.1When compressible washer type direct tension indica-tors are speci?ed to be used with these bolts,they shall conform to Speci?cation F 959Type 325.
4.Materials and Manufacture 4.1Heat Treatment :
4.1.1Type 1bolts produced from medium carbon steel shall be quenched in a liquid medium from the austenitizing temperature.Type 1bolts produced from medium carbon steel to which chromium,nickel,molybdenum,or born were inten-tionally added shall be quenched only in oil from the austen-itizing temperature.
4.1.2Type 3bolts shall be quenched only in oil from the austenitizing temperature.
4.1.3Type 1bolts,regardless of the steel used,and Type 3bolts shall be tempered by reheating to not less than 800°F.4.2Threading —Threads shall be cut or rolled.
4.3Zinc Coatings,Hot-Dip and Mechanically Deposited :4.3.1When zinc-coated fasteners are required,the pur-chaser shall specify the zinc coating process,for example,hot dip,mechanically deposited,or no preference.
4.3.2When hot-dip is speci?ed,the fasteners shall be zinc-coated by the hot-dip process and the coating shall conform to the coating weight/thickness and performance requirements of Class C of Speci?cation A 153.
4.3.3When mechanically deposited is speci?ed,the fasten-ers shall be zinc-coated by the mechanical deposition process and the coating shall conform to the coating weight/thickness and performance requirements of Class 50of Speci?cation B 69
5.
4.3.4When no preference is speci?ed,the supplier shall furnish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance with Speci?cation A 153,Class C,or a mechanically deposited zinc coating in accordance with Speci?cation B 695,Class 50.Threaded components (bolts and nuts)shall be coated by the same zinc-coating process and the supplier’s option is limited to one process per item with no mixed processes in a lot.4.4Lubrication —When zinc-coated nuts are ordered with the bolts,the nuts shall be lubricated in accordance with Speci?cation A 563,Supplementary Requirement S1,to mini-mize galling.
10
Annual Book of ASTM Standards ,V ol 03.02.
11
Available from ASME International,Information Central,22Law Dr.,PO Box 2300,Fair?eld,NJ 07007-230012
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4.5Secondary Processing:
4.5.1If any processing,which can affect the mechanical properties or performance of the bolts,is performed after the initial testing,the bolts shall be retested for all speci?ed mechanical properties and performance requirements affected by the reprocessing.
4.5.2When the secondary process is heat treatment,the bolts shall be tested for all speci?ed mechanical properties.Hot dip zinc-coated bolts shall be tested for all speci?ed mechani-cal properties and rotational capacity.If zinc-coated nuts are relubricated after the initial rotational capacity tests,the assemblies shall be retested for rotational capacity.
5.Chemical Composition
5.1Type1bolts shall be plain carbon steel,carbon boron steel,alloy steel or alloy boron steel at the manufacturer’s option,conforming to the chemical composition speci?ed in Table1.
5.2Type3bolts shall be weathering steel and shall conform to one of the chemical compositions speci?ed in Table2.The selection of the chemical composition,A,B,C,D,E,or F,shall be at the option of the bolt manufacturer.See Guide G101for methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosion resistance of low alloy steels.
5.3Product analyses made on?nished bolts representing each lot shall conform to the product analysis requirements speci?ed in Table1and Table2,as applicable.
5.4Heats of steel to which bismuth,selenium,tellurium,or lead has been intentionally added shall not be permitted for bolts.
5.5Compliance with5.4shall be based on certi?cation that heats of steel having any of the listed elements intentionally added were not used to produce the bolts.
5.6Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology A751.
6.Mechanical Properties
6.1Hardness—The bolts shall conform to the hardness speci?ed in Table3.
6.2Tensile Properties:
6.2.1Except as permitted in6.2.2for long bolts and6.2.3 for short bolts,sizes1.00in.and smaller having a length of 21?4D and longer,and sizes larger than1.00in.having a length
of3D and longer,shall be wedge tested full size and shall conform to the minimum wedge tensile load and proof load or alternative proof load speci?ed in Table4.The load achieved during proof load testing shall be equal to or greater than the speci?ed proof load.
6.2.2When the length of the bolt makes full-size testing impractical,machined specimens shall be tested and shall conform to the requirements speci?ed in Table5.When bolts are tested by both full-size and machined specimen methods, the full-size test shall take precedence.
6.2.3Sizes1.00in.and smaller having a length shorter than 21?4D down to2D,inclusive,that cannot be wedge tensile tested shall be axially tension tested full size and shall conform to the minimum tensile load and proof load or alternate proof load speci?ed in Table4.Sizes1.00in.and smaller having a length shorter than2D that cannot be axially tensile tested shall be quali?ed on the basis of hardness.
6.2.4For bolts on which both hardness and tension tests are performed,acceptance based on tensile requirements shall take precedence in the event of low hardness readings.
6.3Rotational Capacity Test:
6.3.1De?nition—The rotational capacity test is intended to evaluate the presence of a lubricant,the efficiency of the lubricant,and the compatibility of assemblies as represented by the components selected for testing.
6.3.2Requirement—Zinc-coated bolts,zinc-coated wash-ers,and zinc-coated and lubricated nuts tested full size in an assembled joint or tension measuring device,in accordance with10.2,shall not show signs of failure when subjected to the nut rotation in Table6.The test shall be performed by the responsible party(see Section14)prior to shipment after zinc coating and lubrication of nuts(see10.2and Note5).
TABLE1Chemical Requirements for Type1Bolts Element
Carbon Steel
Heat
Analysis
Product
Analysis Carbon0.30–0.520.28–0.55
Manganese,min0.600.57
Phosphorus,max0.0400.048
Sulfur,max0.0500.058
Silicon0.15–0.300.13–0.32
Element
Carbon Boron Steel
Heat
Analysis
Product
Analysis Carbon0.30–0.520.28–0.55
Manganese,min0.600.57
Phosphorus,max0.0400.048
Sulfur,max0.0500.058
Silicon0.10–0.300.08–0.32
Boron0.0005–0.0030.0005–0.003
Element
Alloy Steel
Heat
Analysis
Product
Analysis Carbon0.30–0.520.28–0.55
Manganese,min0.600.57
Phosphorus,max0.0350.040
Sulfur,max0.0400.045
Silicon0.15–0.350.13–0.37
Alloying Elements A A
Alloy Boron Steel
Heat
Analysis
Product
Analysis Carbon0.30–0.520.28–0.55
Manganese,min0.600.57
Phosphorus,max0.0350.040
Sulfur,max0.0400.045
Silicon0.15–0.350.13–0.37
Boron0.0005–0.0030.0005–0.003
Alloying Elements A A
A Steel,as de?ned by the American Iron and Steel Institute,shall
be considered to be alloy when the maximum of the range given for the content of alloying elements exceeds one or more of the following limits:Manganese,1.65%;silicon, 0.60%;copper,0.60%or in which a de?nite range or a de?nite minimum quantity of any of the following elements is speci?ed or required within the limits of the recognized?eld of constructional alloy steels:aluminum,chromium up to3.99%, cobalt,columbium,molybdenum,nickel,titanium,tungsten,vanadium,zirconium, or any other alloying elements added to obtain a desired alloying effect.
6.3.3Acceptance Criterion —The bolt and nut assembly shall be considered as non-conforming if the assembly fails to pass any one of the following speci?ed requirements:
6.3.3.1Inability to install the assembly to the nut rotation in Table 6.
6.3.3.2Inability to remove the nut after installing to the rotation speci?ed in Table 6.
6.3.3.3Shear failure of the threads as determined by visual examination of bolt and nut threads following removal.
6.3.3.4Torsional or torsional/tension failure of the bolt.Elongation of the bolt,in the threads between the nut and bolt head,is to be expected at the required rotation and is not to be classi?ed as a failure.
7.Dimensions
7.1Head and Body :
7.1.1The bolts shall conform to the dimensions for heavy hex structural bolts speci?ed in ANSI/ASME B18.2.6.
7.1.2The thread length shall not be changed except as provided in Supplementary Requirement S1.Bolts with thread lengths other than those required by this speci?cation shall be ordered under Speci?cation A 449.7.2Threads :
7.2.1Uncoated —Threads shall be the Uni?ed Coarse
TABLE 2Chemical Requirements for Type 3Heavy Hex Structural Bolts A
Element
Composition,%Type 3Bolts A
A B C D E F Carbon:
Heat analysis Product analysis 0.33–0.400.31–0.42
0.38–0.480.36–0.50
0.15–0.250.14–0.26
0.15–0.250.14–0.26
0.20–0.250.18–0.27
0.20–0.250.19–0.26
Manganese:Heat analysis Product analysis 0.90–1.200.86–1.240.70–0.900.67–0.930.80–1.350.76–1.390.40–1.200.36–1.240.60–1.000.56–1.040.90–1.200.86–1.24
Phosphorus:Heat analysis Product analysis 0.035max 0.040max 0.06–0.120.06–0.1250.035max 0.040max 0.035max 0.040max 0.035max 0.040max 0.035max 0.040max
Sulfur:
Heat analysis Product analysis 0.040max 0.045max 0.040max 0.045max 0.040max 0.045max 0.040max 0.045max 0.040max 0.045max 0.040max 0.045max
Silicon:
Heat analysis Product analysis 0.15–0.350.13–0.370.30–0.500.25–0.550.15–0.350.13–0.370.25–0.500.20–0.550.15–0.350.13–0.370.15–0.350.13–0.37
Copper:
Heat analysis Product analysis 0.25–0.450.22–0.480.20–0.400.17–0.430.20–0.500.17–0.530.30–0.500.27–0.530.30–0.600.27–0.630.20–0.400.17–0.43
Nickel:
Heat analysis Product analysis 0.25–0.450.22–0.480.50–0.800.47–0.830.25–0.500.22–0.530.50–0.800.47–0.830.30–0.600.27–0.630.20–0.400.17–0.43
Chromium:
Heat analysis Product analysis 0.45–0.650.42–0.680.50–0.750.47–0.830.30–0.500.27–0.530.50–1.000.45–1.050.60–0.900.55–0.950.45–0.650.42–0.68
Vanadium:
Heat analysis Product analysis B B
B B
0.020min 0.010min
B B
B B
B B
Molybdenum:Heat analysis Product analysis B B
0.06max 0.07max
B B
0.10max 0.11max
B B
B B
Titanium:
Heat analysis Product analysis
B B
B B
B B
0.05max 0.06max
B B
B B
A A,B,C,D,E,and F are classes of material used for Type 3bolts.Selection of a class shall be at the option of the bolt manufacturer.B
These elements are not speci?ed or required.
TABLE 3Hardness Requirements for Bolts
Bolt Size,in.Bolt Length,
in.
Brinell Rockwell C Min Max Min Max 1?2
to 1,incl
Less than 2D A 25331925342D and over ...319...3411?8to 11?2,incl
Less than 3D A 22328619303D and over
...
286
...
30
A
Sizes 1.00in.and smaller having a length shorter than 2D and sizes larger than 1.00in.having a length shorter than 3D are subject
only to minimum and maximum hardness.
D =Nominal diameter or thread size.
Thread Series as speci?ed in ANSI/ASME B1.1,and shall have Class 2A tolerances.
7.2.2Coated —Unless otherwise speci?ed,zinc-coated bolts to be used with zinc-coated nuts or tapped holes that are tapped oversize,in accordance with Speci?cation A 563,shall have Class 2A threads before hot-dip or mechanically deposited zinc coating.After zinc coating,the maximum limits of pitch and major diameter shall not exceed the Class 2A limit by more than the following amounts:
Nominal Bolt Diameter (in.)Oversize Limit,in.A
Hot-Dip Zinc Mechanical Zinc
1?
2
0.0180.0129?16
,5?8,3?4
0.0200.0137?8
0.0220.0151to 11?40.0240.01613?8,11?2
0.0270.018
A
Hot-dip zinc nuts are tapped oversize after coating,and mechanical zinc-coated nuts are tapped oversize before coating.
7.2.3The gaging limit for bolts shall be veri?ed during manufacture.In case of dispute,a calibrated thread ring gage of the same size as the oversize limit in 7.2.2(Class X tolerance,gage tolerance plus)shall be used to verify compliance.The gage shall assemble with hand effort following application of light machine oil to prevent galling and damage to the gage.These inspections,when performed to resolve controversy,shall be conducted at the frequency speci?ed in the quality assurance provisions of ASME B18.2.6.
8.Workmanship
8.1The allowable limits,inspection,and evaluation of the surface discontinuities,quench cracks,forging cracks,head bursts,shear bursts,seams,folds,thread laps,voids,tool marks,nicks,and gouges shall be in accordance with Speci?-cation F 788/F 788M (See Note 4).
N OTE 4—Speci?cation F 788/F 788M nor F 1470guarantee 100%freedom from head bursts.Sampling is designed to provide a 95%con?dence level of freedom from head bursts in any test lot.Head bursts,within the limits in Speci?cation F 788/F 788M,are unsightly but do not affect mechanical properties or functional requirements of the bolt.
9.Number of Tests and Retests 9.1Testing Responsibility :
9.1.1Each lot shall be tested by the manufacturer prior to shipment in accordance with the lot identi?cation control quality assurance plan in 9.2through 9.5.
9.1.2When bolts are furnished by a source other than the manufacturer,the Responsible Party as de?ned in 14shall be responsible for assuring all tests have been performed and the bolts comply with the requirements of this speci?cation (see 4.5).
9.2Purpose of Lot Inspection —The purpose of a lot inspec-tion program is to ensure that each lot conforms to the requirements of this speci?cation.For such a plan to be fully effective it is essential that secondary processors,distributors,and purchasers maintain the identi?cation and integrity of each lot until the product is installed.
9.3Lot Method —All bolts shall be processed in accordance with a lot identi?cation-control quality assurance plan.The manufacturer,secondary processors,and distributors shall identify and maintain the integrity of each production lot of bolts from raw-material selection through all processing op-erations and treatments to ?nal packing and shipment.Each lot shall be assigned its own lot-identi?cation number,each lot shall be tested,and the inspection test reports for each lot shall be retained.
9.4Lot De?nition —A lot shall be a quantity of uniquely identi?ed heavy hex structural bolts of the same nominal size and length produced consecutively at the initial operation from a single mill heat of material and processed at one time,by the same process,in the same manner so that statistical sampling is valid.The identity of the lot and lot integrity shall be maintained throughout all subsequent operations and packag-ing.
TABLE 4Tensile Load Requirements for Full-Size Bolts
Bolt Size,Threads per Inch,and Series Designation
Stress Area,A in.2Tensile Load,B
min,lbf Proof Load,B
Length Measure-ment Method Alternative Proof Load,B Yield Strength Method Column 1Column 2Column 3Column 4Column 51?2–13UNC
0.1421705012050130505?8
–11UNC 0.2262710019200208003?4–10UNC 0.3344010028400307007?8–9UNC
0.4625545039250425001–8UNC 0.60672700515005575011?8–7UNC 0.76380100564506180011?8–8UN 0.79082950584506400011?4–7UNC 0.969101700717007850011?4–8UN 1.000105000740008100013?8–6UNC 1.155121300854509355013?8–8UN 1.233129500912509987011?2–6UNC 1.40514750010400011380011?2–8
UN
1.492
156700
110400
120850
A
The stress area is calculated as follows:
As 50.7854@D 2~0.9743/n !#2
where:
As =stress area,in.2,D =nominal bolt size,and n =threads per inch.
B
Loads tabulated are based on the following:Bolt Size,in.
Column 3Column 4Column 51?2
to 1,incl 11?8to 11?2,incl
120000psi
105000psi
85000psi 74000psi
92000psi 81000psi
9.5Number of Tests—The minimum number of tests from each lot for the tests speci?ed below shall be as follows:
Tests Number of Tests
in Accordance With Hardness,tensile
strength,proof load,
and rotational capacity
Guide F1470
Coating weight/ thickness The referenced coating speci?cation A
Surface discontinuities Speci?cation F788/
F788M
Dimensions and
thread?t
ASME B18.2.6
A Guide F1470applies if the coating speci?cation does not specify a testing frequency.
10.Test Methods
10.1Tensile,Proof Load,and Hardness:
10.1.1Tensile,proof load,and hardness tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test Methods F606.
10.1.2Tensile strength shall be determined using the Wedge or Axial Tension Testing Method of Full Size Product Method or the Machined Test Specimens Method depending on size and length as speci?ed in6.2.1-6.2.4.Fracture on full-size tests shall be in the body or threads of the bolt without a fracture at the junction of the head and body.
10.1.3Proof load shall be determined using Method1, Length Measurement,or Method2,Yield Strength,at the option of the manufacturer.
10.2Rotational Capacity—The zinc-coated bolt shall be placed in a steel joint or tension measuring device and assembled with a zinc-coated washer and a zinc-coated and lubricated nut with which the bolt is intended to be used(see Note5).The nut shall have been provided with the lubricant described in the last paragraph of the Manufacturing Processes section of Speci?cation A563.The joint shall be one or more ?at structural steel plates or?xture stack up with a total thickness,including the washer,such that3to5full threads of the bolt are located between the bearing surfaces of the bolt head and nut.The hole in the joint shall have the same nominal diameter as the hole in the washer.The initial tightening of the nut shall produce a load in the bolt not less than10%of the speci?ed proof load.After initial tightening,the nut position shall be marked relative to the bolt,and the rotation shown in Table6shall be applied.During rotation,the bolt head shall be restrained from turning.
N OTE5—Rotational capacity tests shall apply only to matched assem-bly lots that contain on A325bolt,one A563lubricated nut,and one F436washer that have been zinc coated in accordance with either Speci?cations A153or B695.Both the bolt and nut components of the matched assembly shall be zinc coated using the same process.
11.Inspection
11.1If the inspection described in11.2is required by the purchaser,it shall be speci?ed in the inquiry and contract or order.
11.2The purchaser’s representative shall have free entry to all parts of the manufacturer’s works,or supplier’s place of business,that concern the manufacture or supply of the material ordered.The manufacturer or supplier shall afford the purchaser’s representative all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordance with this speci?cation.All tests and inspections required by the speci?-cation that are requested by the purchaser’s representative shall be made before shipment,and shall be conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the manufactur-er’s works or supplier’s place of business.
12.Rejection and Rehearing
12.1Disposition of nonconforming bolts shall be in accor-dance with the Guide F1470section titled“Disposition of Nonconforming Lots.”
13.Certi?cation
13.1When speci?ed on the purchase order,the manufac-turer or supplier,whichever is the responsible party as de?ned in Section14,shall furnish the purchaser a test reports that includes the following:
13.1.1Heat analysis,heat number,and a statement certify-ing that heats having the elements listed in5.4intentionally added were not used to produce the bolts,
13.1.2Results of hardness,tensile,and proof load tests, 13.1.3Results of rotational capacity tests.This shall include the test method used(solid plate or tension measuring device); and the statement“Nuts lubricated”for zinc-coated nuts when shipped with zinc-coated bolts,
13.1.4Zinc coating measured coating weight/thickness for coated bolts,
13.1.5Results of visual inspection for head bursts,
13.1.6Statement of compliance with dimensional and thread?t requirements,
13.1.7Lot number and purchase order number,
13.1.8Complete mailing address of responsible party,and 13.1.9Title and signature of the individual assigned certi-?cation responsibility by the company officers.
TABLE5Tensile Strength Requirements for Specimens Machined from Bolts
Bolt Diameter,in.Tensile Strength,min,psi(MPa)Yield Strength,min,psi(MPa)Elongation,in4D,min,%Reduction of Area,min,% 1?2to1,incl.120000(825)92000(635)1435
Over1to11?2105000(725)81000(560)1435
TABLE6Rotational Capacity Test for Zinc-Coated Bolts
Bolt Length,in.Nominal Nut Rotation,degrees
(turn)
Up to and including43dia240(2?3) Over43dia,but not
exceeding83dia
360(1)
Over83dia,but not exceeding123dia 420(11?6
)
Over123dia.Test not applicable
13.2Failure to include all the required information on the test report shall be cause for rejection.
14.Responsibility
14.1The party responsible for the fastener shall be the organization that supplies the fastener to the purchaser and certi?es that the fastener was manufactured,sampled,tested and inspected in accordance with this speci?cation and meets all of its requirements.
15.Product Marking
15.1Manufacturer’s Identi?cation—All Type1and3bolts shall be marked by the manufacturer with a unique identi?er to identify the manufacturer or private label distributor,as appro-priate.
15.2Grade Identi?cation:
15.2.1Type1bolts shall be marked“A325.”
15.2.2Type3bolts shall be marked“A325”with the “A325”underlined.The use of additional distinguishing marks to indicate that the bolts are weathering steel shall be at the manufacturer’s option.
15.3Marking Location and Methods—All marking shall be located on the top of the bolt head and shall be either raised or depressed at the manufacturer’s option.
15.4Acceptance Criteria—Bolts which are not marked in accordance with these provisions shall be considered noncon-forming and subject to rejection.
15.5Type and manufacturer’s or private label distributor’s identi?cation shall be separate and distinct.The two identi?-cations shall preferably be in different locations and,when on the same level,shall be separated by at least two spaces. 16.Packaging and Package Marking
16.1Packaging:
16.1.1Unless otherwise speci?ed,packaging shall be in accordance with Practice D3951.
16.1.2When zinc coated nuts are included on the same order as zinc coated bolts,the bolts and nuts shall be shipped in the same container.
16.1.3When special packaging requirements are required, they shall be de?ned at the time of the inquiry and order. 16.2Package Marking:
16.2.1Each shipping unit shall include or be plainly marked with the following information:
16.2.1.1ASTM designation and type,
16.2.1.2Size,
16.2.1.3Name and brand or trademark of the manufacturer, 16.2.1.4Number of pieces,
16.2.1.5Lot number;when nuts,washers or direct tension indicators,or combination thereof,are ordered with A325 heavy hex structural bolts,the shipping unit shall be marked with the lot number in addition to the marking required by the applicable product speci?cation,
16.2.1.6Purchase order number,and
16.2.1.7Country of origin.
17.Keywords
17.1bolts;carbon steel;steel;structural;weathering steel
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when speci?ed by the purchaser in the contract or order.Details of these supplementary requirements shall be agreed upon in writing between the manufacturer and purchaser.Supplementary requirements shall in no way negate any requirement of the speci?cation itself.
S1.Bolts Threaded Full Length
S1.1Bolts with nominal lengths equal to or shorter than four times the nominal bolt diameter shall be threaded full length.Bolts need not have a shoulder,and the distance from the underhead bearing surface to the?rst complete(full form) thread,as measured with a GO thread ring gage,assembled by hand as far as the thread will permit,shall not exceed the length of21?2threads for bolt sizes1in.and smaller,and31?2threads for bolt sizes larger than1in.
S1.2Bolts shall be marked in accordance with Section15, except that the symbol shall be“A325T”instead of“A
325.”
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
This section identi?es the location of selected changes to this standard that have been incorporated since the -01issue.For the convenience of the user,Committee F16has highlighted those changes that impact the use of this standard.This section may also include descriptions of the changes or reasons for the changes,or both.
(1)In1.4limited speci?cation to heavy hex structural bolts only.
(2)In4.1revised to require that Type3bolts be quenched in oil.
(3)In4.5.1revised to require retesting only for properties affected by the secondary processing.
(4)In4.5.2rephrased to preclude the implication that black bolts require rotational capacity testing.
(5)In Table2,reduced the phosphorus limits for compositions A,D,E,and F and the sulfur limits for compositions A,B,and D.
(6)In6.2.1revised the minimum length for full-size wedge testing.
(7)In6.2.3provided for full-size axially tension testing bolts shorter than21?4D down to2D.Also added requirements for qualifying short bolts on the basis of hardness.
(8)In Table3,Hardness,changed3D to2D for sizes1.00in. and smaller
(9)Added Table5specifying tensile,elongation,and reduc-tion in area requirements for machined specimens.
(10)In7.1.1deleted all wording that permitted the purchaser to specify dimensions other than“heavy hex structural.”(11)In7.1.1changed the dimensional reference from B18.2.1 to B18.2.6.
(12)7.2.2revised to specify maximum pitch and major diameter limits for mechanically coated bolts.
(13)Deleted Table7(formerly Table6),“Sample Size for Inspection of Hot-Dip or Mechanically Deposited Zinc-Coated Threads”and referenced ASME B18.2.6,which includes references for testing frequency.
(14)Deleted former section9,“Head Bursts,”and included the requirements by reference to Speci?cation F788/F788M in8.1.
(15)In9.3and9.4changed“Production Lot”to“Lot”and rede?ned“Lot.”
(16)9.5,“Number of Tests,”revised to invoke Speci?cation F1470for hardness,tensile,proof load,and rotational capacity tests.Coating weight/thickness and surface discontinuities sampling referenced to the applicable spec.Dimensional and thread compliance sampling referenced to ASME B18.2.6. (17)Section12,“Rejection and Rehearing,”revised to invoke F1470.
(18)In15.2.1deleted option permitting marking with three radial lines120°apart.
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(完整版)国家4A5A级旅游景区评定标准
国家4A级旅游景区评定标准 1旅游交通 a)可进入性良好交通设施完善，进出便捷或具有级公路或高等级航道航线直达；或具有旅游线交通工具 b)有景观环境相协调的用停车场或船舶码头管理完善，布局合理，容量能满足游客接待量要求场地平整坚实或水域畅通标志规范醒目 c)区内游览（参观）路线或航道布局合理顺畅，观赏面大路面有特色，或航道水质良好 d)区内使用低排放的交通工具，或鼓励使用清洁能源的交通工具 2游览 a)游客中心位置合理，规模适度，设施齐全，功能完善咨询服务人员配备齐全，务熟练，服务热情 b)各种引导标识（包括导游全景图导览图标识牌景物介绍牌等）造型有特色，景观环境相协调标识牌和景物介绍牌设置合理 c)公众信息资料（如研究论著科普读物综合画册音像制品导游图和导游材料等）特色突出，品种齐全，内容丰富，制作良好，适时更新 d)导游员（讲解员）持证岗，人数及语种能满足游客需要普通话达标率100％导游员（讲解员）均应具备高中以文化程度，其中大以少于40％ e)导游（讲解）词科学准确生动导游服务质量达到GB/T 15971-1995中4.5.3和第5章要求 f)公共信息图形符号的设置合理，设计精美，有特色，有艺术感，符合GB/T 10001. 1的规定 g)游客公共休息设施布局合理，数量充足，设计精美，有特色，有艺术感 3旅游安全 a)认真执行公安交通劳动质量监督旅游等有关部门制定和颁布的安全法规，建立完善的安全保卫制度，工作全面落实 b)消防防盗救护等设备齐全完好有效，交通机电游览娱乐等设备完好，运行正常，无安全隐患游乐园达到GB/T 16767规定的安全和服务标准危险地段标志明显，防护设施齐备有效，高峰期有人看守 c)建立紧急救援机制，设立医务室，并配备医务人员设有突发事件处理预案，应急处理能力强，事故处理及时妥当，档案记录准确齐全 4卫生 a)环境整洁，无污水污物，无乱建乱堆乱放现象，建筑物及各种设施设备无剥落无污垢，空气清新无异味 b)各类场所全部达到GB 9664规定的要求，餐饮场所达到GB 16153规定的要求，游泳场所达到GB 9667规定的要求 c)公共厕所布局合理，数量能满足需要，标识醒目美观，建筑造型景观环境相协调所有厕所具备水冲盟洗通风设备，并保持完好或使用免水冲生态厕所厕所管理完善，洁具洁净无污垢无堵塞室内整洁 d)垃圾箱布局合理，标识明显，数量能满足需要，造型美观，环境相协调垃圾分类收集，清扫及时，日产日清 e)食品卫生符合国家规定，餐饮服务配备消毒设施，使用对环境造成污染的次性餐具
国家5A级景区评定标准
国家5A级景区评定标准第一部分创建国家5A级旅游景区评比标准 一、细则一：服务质量与环境质量评分细则 （一）旅游交通 1、可进入性 2、自备停车场 3、内部交通 （二）游览 1、门票 2、游客中心 3、引导标识 4、宣教资料 5、导游服务 6、游客公共休息设施和观景设施 7、公共信息图形符号 8、特殊人群服务项目 （三）旅游安全 1、安全保护机构、制度与人员 2、安全处置 3、安全设备设施 4、医疗服务 5、救护服务 （四）卫生 1、环境卫生
2、废弃物管理 3、吸烟区管理 4、食品卫生 5、厕所 （五）邮电服务 1、邮政纪念服务 2、电讯服务 （六）旅游购物 1、购物场所建设 2、购物场所管理 3、商品经营从业人员管理 4、旅游商品 （七）综合管理 1、机构与制度 2、企业形象 3、培训 4、游客投诉及意见处理 5、征询游客意见 6、国际互联网宣传 7、电视宣传 8、报刊宣传 9、电子商务
10、社会效益 （八）资源和环境的保护 1、空气质量 2、噪声指标 3、地表水质量 4、景观、生态、文物、古建筑保护 5、出入口 6、区内建筑及设施与景观的协调性 7、周边环境与景观协调性 8、绿化或美化 9、清洁能源的设施、设备 10、环保型材料 二、细则二：景观质量评分细则（一）资源吸引力 1、观赏游憩价值 2、历史文化科学价值 3、珍稀或奇特程度 4、规模与丰度 5、完整性 （二）市场影响力 1、知名度 2、美誉度
3、市场辐射力 4、主题强化度 三、细则三：游客意见评分细则 1、旅游景区质量等级对游客意见的评分依据 2、游客综合满意度的考察 3、《旅游景区游客意见调查表》发放、回收、统计 4、在质量等级评定过程中，《旅游景区游客意见调查表》发放规模 5、《旅游景区游客意见调查表》采取发放方式 6、游客综合满意度的计分方法 7、旅游景区质量等级游客意见综合得分最低要求 第二部分有关景区评比知识点 1、外部交通 2、景区交通 3、停车场 4、风景区旅游线路 5、景区内标识牌 6、景区互联网 7、导游服务 8、多功能的游客中心 9、景区安全 10、景区内厕所 11、景区通信
不锈钢材料标准对比
不锈钢材料知识 由于钢中的铬含量较高，铬又是一种很容易钝化的金属，当铬含量达到13％以上时，就能使Fe-Cr合金在大气中自然钝化。从化学成分上来说，通常把铬含量在13％以上的钢称为不锈钢。 不锈钢的种类很多。按化学成分可分为铬钢、络镍钢、铬锰钢、铬锰镍钢等；按显微组织可分为奥氏体钢、铁素体钢、奥氏体-铁素体复相钢、马氏体钢、铁素体-马氏体复相钢等；还可以按照用途分为耐海水腐蚀、耐应力腐蚀、耐浓硝酸、耐硫酸、耐尿素腐蚀不锈钢等。 不锈钢不是绝对不锈和耐蚀的，它的耐腐蚀性也是相对的，某种不锈钢只是在某些介质条件下才耐腐蚀，而在另外的介质中未必耐腐蚀。例如：常用的18-8型奥氏体不锈钢在稀硝酸中具有良好的耐腐蚀性能，但在稀硫酸和盐酸中则不耐腐蚀。所以不能随便使用不锈钢。 为了改善不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能，扩大其使用范围，通常采用加某些合金元素的方法，有针对性地改善它在某些介质中的耐腐蚀性。例如，对于18-8型不锈钢来说，添加钛或铌，可以提高其抗晶间腐蚀的能力；添加铜和钼，可以改善其耐硫酸腐蚀的性能；提高铬的含量，添加钼，则可以提高耐点腐蚀的能力；提高铬含量和钼含量，并添加2％-4％的硅，可以制成耐硝酸和高硅奥氏体不锈钢。此外，还可以尽量降低碳含量和硫、磷等杂质含量，制成超低碳或超纯不锈钢，其耐腐蚀性能更为优良，特别适用于某些苛刻的腐蚀环境。 由于不锈钢具有多方面的优良性能，所以，在化工生产中已得到越来越广泛的应用。从长远角度来考虑，采用不锈钢材料是一种比较经济合理的防腐蚀措施，特别是在一些恶劣的腐蚀环境中，更显出其优越性。由于它的使用寿命长，不需要经常更换，一次性投入虽然高，但可以节省大量的维修费用，并可以减少由于停车维修所造成的损失。 不锈钢在使用中最容易出现点腐蚀、晶间腐蚀和应力腐蚀破裂，特别是当介质中存在氯离子等活性离子时，更容易出现这些腐蚀问题。所以，在使用普通不锈钢时，应注意防止介质中积存氯离子。 下表列出了国内常用的一些不锈钢牌号及主要用途，供参考。 表1-1 常用不锈钢的牌号和主要用途
2018国家5A级景区评定标准
国家5A级景区评定标准 第一部分创建国家5A级旅游景区评比标准 一、细则一：服务质量与环境质量评分细则 说明： 1、本细则共计1000分，共分为8个大项，各大项分值为：旅游交通140分；游览210分；旅游安全80分；卫生140分；邮电服务30分；旅游购物50分；综合管理195分；资源和环境的保护155分。 2、5A级旅游景区需达到950分， （一）旅游交通140分 1、可进入性70分 ①抵达依托城市便捷程度，直达机场距依托城市距离在30公里以内。 ②依托城市有高速公路进、出口；客运火车站、航运码头。 ③依托城市到达景区便捷。 ④抵达公路及客运航道等级为一级公路或最高级客运航 专业整理分享
道。 ⑤景区外部交通引导标识，要求在颜色、外形上有别于一般交通标识。 ⑥护坡良好。 ⑦有旅游专项交通方式。 ⑧有直达旅游专线。 ⑨公交通达。 2、自备停车场30分 ①自备停车场地，要求停车场有绿化停车面或绿化隔离线。 ②停车场设停车线、停车分区、回车线、分设出入口、专人值管。③车场内有方向引导指示标识。停车场或码头要求美观，有特色或文化性，与景观相协调。 3、内部交通40分 ①游览线路进出口设置合理，不过分邻近，有利于游客疏散。 ②景区特色游步道，要求游步道设计特色突出, 体现景区文化，采用生态或仿生态效果。 ③游道或线路设置合理，线路设置形成环线，观赏面大，有利于游客游览。 专业整理分享
（二）游览210分 1、门票10分 ①设计制作精美 ②有突出特色 ③背面有游览简图，咨询、投诉、紧急救援电话。 2、游客中心65分 ①游客中心位置优越、标识醒目、规模恰当，游客中心外明示免费服务项目。 ②在游客中心内部设置电脑触摸屏，介绍各景点设施及服务。 ③在游客中心内设置影视介绍系统。 ④提供游客休息设施。 ⑤提供本旅游景区导览宣传资料。 ⑥咨询服务人员配备齐全。 ⑦提供游程线路图。 ⑧明示景区活动节目预告。 ⑨提供导游人员明细公示。 ⑩提供饮料及纪念品服务。 ○11提供特殊人群服务项目，包括残疾人轮椅、盲道、 专业整理分享
不锈钢材质标准对照表
不锈钢牌号对照表
表一 中国 GB1220-92[84] GB3220-92[84] 日本 JIS 美国 AISI UNS 英国 BS 970 Part4 BS 1449 Part2 德国 DIN 17440 DIN 17224 法国 NFA35-572 NFA35- 576~582 NFA35-584 前苏联 TOCT5632 1Cr17Mn6Ni5N SUS201 201 -- -- -- -- 1Cr18Mn8Ni5N SUS202 202 -- -- -- 12×17.T9AH4 -- -- S20200 284S16 -- -- -- 2Cr13Mn9Ni4 -- -- -- -- -- -- 1Cr17Ni7 SUS301 301 -- -- -- -- -- -- S30100 301S21 X12CrNi177 Z12CN17.07 -- 1Cr17Ni8 SUS301J1 -- -- X12CrNi177 -- -- 1Cr18Ni9 SUS302 302 302S25 X12CrNi188 Z10CN18.09 12×18H9 1Cr18Ni9Si3 SUS302B 302B -- -- -- -- Y1Cr18Ni9 SUS303 303 303S21 X12CrNiS188 Z10CNF18.09 -- Y1Cr18Ni9Se SUS303Se 303Se 303S41 -- -- -- 0Cr18Ni9 SUS304 304 304S15 X2CrNi89 Z6CN18.09 08×18B10 00Cr19Ni10 SUS304L 304L 304S12 X2CrNi189 Z2CN18.09 03×18H11 0Cr19Ni9N SUS304N1 304N -- -- Z5CN18.09A2 -- 00Cr19Ni10NbN SUS304N XM21 -- -- -- --
十个最流行的在线英汉翻译网站准确性评测对比
Facebook、Digg、Twitter、美味书签(https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5014093870.html,)……很多名声大噪且已逐渐步入主流的网络服务都是从国外开始引爆的,而即便是抛却技术上的前瞻性,仅从资源上来看“外域”的也更丰富.当网友们浏览国外网站时,即使有些英文基础,也大都或多或少要使用到翻译工具.在线翻译显然是最便捷的方式,目前提供此类服务的网站有不少,但机器智能翻译尤其考验真功夫,翻译质量的优劣直接影响着用户的阅读效果.在这里我们将全面网罗十个颇有些关注度的在线翻译服务,试炼其翻译质量、速度等各方面的表现. 参评在线翻译 1、Google翻译 网址：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5014093870.html,/language_tools?hl=zh-CN 2、Windows Live在线翻译 网址：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5014093870.html,/Default.aspx 3、雅虎翻译 网址：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5014093870.html,/ 4、爱词霸 网址：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5014093870.html,/trans.php
5、百度词典 网址：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5014093870.html,/ 6、海词在线翻译 网址：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5014093870.html,/ 7、金桥翻译 网址：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5014093870.html,/ 8、谷词在线词典 网址：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5014093870.html,/ 9、木头鱼在线翻译 网址：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5014093870.html,/translation/ 10、nciku在线词典 网址：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5014093870.html,/ 一、翻译质量比拼 单词翻译 测试项1：日常用语 翻译单词：boil 参考释义：煮沸 测试结果： 1、Google翻译：沸腾、煮沸等 2、Windows Live在线翻译：煮沸
各标准主要不锈钢钢号对照表(含中国最新国家标准)
各标准主要不锈钢钢号对照表(含中国最新国家标准 No 中国GB 日本 JIS 美国韩国 KS 欧盟 BS EN 印度 IS 澳大利亚 AS 中国台湾 CNS 旧牌号新牌号（07.10）ASTM UNS 奥氏体不锈钢 1 1Cr17Mn6Ni5N 12Cr17Mn6Ni5N SUS201 201 S20100 STS201 1.437 2 10Cr17Mn6Ni4N20201-2 201 2 1Cr18Mn8Ni5N 12Cr18Mn9Ni5N SUS202 202 S20200 STS202 1.437 3 - 202 3 1Cr17Ni7 12Cr17Ni7 SUS301 301 S30100 STS301 1.4319 10Cr17Ni7 301 301 4 0Cr18Ni9 06Cr19Ni10 SUS304 304 S30400 STS304 1.4301 07Cr18Ni9 304 304 5 00Cr19Ni10 022Cr19Ni10 SUS304L 304L S30403 STS304L 1.430 6 02Cr18Ni11 304L 304L 6 0Cr19Ni9N 06Cr19Ni10N SUS304N1 304N S30451 STS304N1 1.4315 - 304N1 304N1 7 0Cr19Ni10NbN 06Cr19Ni9NbN SUS304N2 XM21 S30452 STS304N2 - - 304N2 304N2 8 00Cr18Ni10N 022Cr19Ni10N SUS304LN 304LN S30453 STS304LN - - 304LN 304LN 9 1Cr18Ni12 10Cr18Ni12 SUS305 305 S30500 STS305 1.4303 - 305 305 10 0Cr23Ni13 06Cr23Ni13 SUS309S 309S S30908 STS309S 1.4833 - 309S 309S 11 0Cr25Ni20 06Cr25Ni20 SUS310S 310S S31008 STS310S 1.4845 - 310S 310S 12 0Cr17Ni12Mo2 06Cr17Ni12Mo2 SUS316 316 S31600 STS316 1.4401 04Cr17Ni12Mo2 316 316 13 0Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti 06Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti SUS316Ti 316Ti S31635 - 1.4571 04Cr17Ni12MoTi20316Ti 316Ti 14 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 SUS316L 316L S31603 STS316L 1.4404 ~02Cr17Ni12Mo2 316L 316L 15 0Cr17Ni12Mo2N 06Cr17Ni12Mo2N SUS316N 316N S31651 STS316N - - 316N 316N 16 00Cr17Ni13Mo2N 022Cr17Ni13Mo2N SUS316LN 316LN S31653 STS316LN 1.4429 - 316LN 316LN 17 0Cr18Ni12Mo2Cu2 06Cr18Ni12Mo2Cu2 SUS316J1 - - STS316J1 - - 316J1 316J1 18 00Cr18Ni14Mo2Cu2 022Cr18Ni14Mo2Cu2 SUS316J1L - - STS316J1L - - - 316J1L 19 0Cr19Ni13Mo3 06Cr19Ni13Mo3 SUS317 317 S31700 STS317 - - 317 317 20 00Cr19Ni13Mo3 022Cr19Ni13Mo3 SUS317L 317L S31703 STS317L 1.4438 - 317L 317L 21 0Cr18Ni10Ti 06Cr18Ni11Ti SUS321 321 S32100 STS321 1.4541 04Cr18Ni10Ti20321 321 22 0Cr18Ni11Nb 06Cr18Ni11Nb SUS347 347 S34700 STS347 1.4550 04Cr18Ni10Nb40347 347 奥氏体-铁素体型不锈钢（双相不锈钢） 23 0Cr26Ni5Mo2 - SUS329J1 329 S32900 STS329J1 1.4477 - 329J1 329J1 24 00Cr18Ni5Mo3Si2 022Cr19Ni5Mo3Si2N SUS329J3L - S31803 STS329J3L 1.4462 - 329J3L 329J3L 铁素体型不锈钢 25 0Crl3Al 06Crl3Al SUS405 405 S40500 STS405 1.4002 04Cr13 405 405 26 - 022Cr11Ti SUH409 409 S40900 STS409 1.4512 - 409L 409L 27 00Cr12 022Cr12 SUS410L - - STS410L - - 410L 410L 28 1Cr17 10Cr17 SUS430 430 S43000 STS430 1.4016 05Cr17 430 430 29 1Cr17Mo 10Cr17Mo SUS434 434 S43400 STS434 1.4113 - 434 434 30 - 022Cr18NbTi - - S43940 - 1.4509 - 439 439 31 00Cr18Mo2 019Cr19Mo2NbTi SUS444 444 S44400 STS444 1.4521 - 444 444 马氏体型不锈钢
5A旅游景区质量等级和评分细则
5A旅游景区质量等级与评分细则 细则一：服务质量与环境质量评分细则 本细则共计1000分，共分为8个大项，共计216个评分点，各大项分值为：旅游交通130分；游览235分；旅游安全80分；卫生140分；邮电20分；旅游购物50分；综合管理200分；资源和环境的保护145分。5A级旅游景区需达到950分以上。 1、旅游交通 （1）可进入性好，交通设施完善，进出便捷，具有一级公路或高等级航道、航线直达；或具有旅游专线交通工具。 （2）有与景观环境相协调的专用停车场或船舶码头。且管理完善，布局合理，容量能充分满足游客接待量要求。场地平整坚实、绿化美观或水域畅通、清洁。标志规范、醒目、美观。 （3）区内游览(参观)路线或航道布局合理、顺畅，与观赏内容联结度高，兴奋感强。路面特色突出，或航道水体清澈。 （4）区内应使用清洁能源的交通工具。 2、游览 (1)门票设计制作精美，有突出特色，背面有游览简图，有咨询、投诉、紧急救援电话。 （2）游客中心位置合理，规模适度，设施齐全，功能体现充分。咨询服务人员配备齐全，业务熟练，服务热情。 （3）各种引导标识(包括导游全景图、导览图、标识牌、景物介绍牌等)造型特色突出，艺术感和文化气息浓厚，能烘托总体环境。标识牌和景物介绍牌设
置合理。 （4）公众信息资料(如研究论著、科普读物、综合画册、音像制品、导游图和导游材料等)特色突出，品种齐全，内容丰富、文字优美，制作精美，适时更新。 （5）导游员持证上岗，人数及语种能满足游客需要。普通话达标率100%。导游员均应具大专以上文化程度，其中本科以上不少于30%。设语音导游。 （6）导游词科学、准确、有文采。导游服务具有针对性，强调个性化，服务质量达到GB/T15971-1995中4.5.3和第5章要求。 （7）游客公共休息设施布局合理，数量充足，设计精美，特色突出，有艺术感和文化气息。 （8）公共信息图形符号符合GB/T 10001的规定，设置合理，图形规范，与景观协调，有文化特色，视觉效果精美，维护保养好。 （9)为特殊人群(老年人、儿童、残疾人等)配备旅游工具、用品，提供特殊服务。 3、旅游安全 （1）认真执行公安、交通、劳动、质量监督、旅游等有关部门制定和颁布的安全法规，建立完善的安全保卫制度，工作全面落实。 （2）消防、防盗、救护等设备齐全、完好、有效，交通、机电、游览、娱乐等设备完好，运行正常，无安全隐患。游乐园达到GB/T 16767规定的安全和服务标准。危险地段标志明显，防护设施齐备、有效、特殊地段有专人看守。 （3）建立紧急救援机制，设立医务室，并配备专职医务人员.设有突发事件处理预案，应急处理能力强，事故处理及时、妥当，档案记录准确、齐全。
国内外不锈钢材质对照表
国内外不锈钢材质对照表 GB JIS AISI/SATM UNS代号DIN17006 DIN17007 0Cr18Ni9 (0Cr19Ni9) SUS 304 304 S30400 X5CrNi18-10 1.4301 0Cr19Ni10 (00Cr19Ni10) SUS 304L 304L S30403 X2CrNi19-11 1.4306 0Cr25Ni20 SUS 304S 304S S31008 X12CrNi25-21 1.4845 0Cr17Ni12Mo2 SUS 316 316 S31600 X5CrNiMo17-12-2 X5CrNiMo17-13-3 1.4401 1.4436 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 SUS 316L 316L S31603 X2CrNiMo18-14-3 1.4404 0Cr19Ni13Mo3 SUS 317 317 S31700 X2CrNiMo17-13-3 1.4439 00Cr19Ni13Mo3 (00Cr17Ni14Mo3) SUS 317L 317L S3703 X2CrNiMo18-16-4 1.4438 (1Cr18Ni9Ti) X12CrNi18-9 1.4878 0Cr18Ni10Ti SUS 321 321 S32100 X6CrNiTi18-10 1.4541 0Cr18Ni11Nb SUS 347 347 S34700 X6CrNiNb18-10 1.4550 不锈钢材质 不锈钢材质，有着接近镜面的光亮度，触感硬朗冰冷，属于比较前卫的装饰材料，符合金属时代的酷感审美。不锈钢材质通常按基体组织分为： 1、铁素体不锈钢。含铬12％～30％。其耐蚀性、韧性和可焊性随含铬量的增加而提高，耐氯化物应力腐蚀性能优于其他种类不锈
不锈钢材质标准
不銹鋼材質對照表(2009-05-03 11:11:35) 不锈钢材质有：SUS310S、316、316L、302、321、304、304L、301、202、201、420等 不锈钢|不锈钢价格与性能，不锈钢|不锈钢价格与性能 304不锈钢国标0Cr18Ni9 国标0Cr18Ni9,作为一种用途广泛的钢，具有良好的耐蚀性、耐热性，低温强度和机械性能；冲压、弯曲等热加工性好，无热处理硬化现象（无磁性，使用温度-196℃~800℃）。应用在：家庭用品（1、2类餐具、橱柜、室内管线、热水器、锅炉、浴缸），汽车配件（风挡雨刷、消声器、模制品），医疗器具、建材，化学，食品工业，农业，船舶部件 321不锈钢相当于国产1Cr17Ni9Ti,321不锈钢其性能与304非常相似，但是由于加入了金属钛，使其具有了更好的耐晶界腐蚀性及高温强度。由于添加金属钛，使其有效的控制了碳化铬的形成。321不锈钢具有的优异的高温应力破断(Stress Rupture)性能及高温抗潜变性能(Creep Resistance)应力机械性能都优于304不锈钢。应用于抗晶界腐蚀性要求高的化学、煤炭、石油产业的野外露天机器，建材耐热零件及热处理有困难的零件 316不锈钢国标0Cr17Ni12Mo2 国标0Cr17Ni12Mo2,因添加Mo,故其耐蚀性,耐大气腐蚀性和高温强度特
别好,可在苛刻的条件下使用;加工硬化性优(无磁性). 应用在：海水里用设备、化工、染料、造纸、草酸、肥料等生产设备;照像、食品工业、沿海地区设施、绳索、CD杆、螺栓、螺母. 316L不锈钢国标00Cr17Ni14Mo2 国标00Cr17Ni14Mo2,作为316钢种的低C系列,除与316钢的有相同的特性外,其抗晶界腐蚀性优于316；另外增加了钼元素,可以显著提高其耐晶间腐蚀、氧化物应力腐蚀的能力,以及减少焊接时的热裂倾向性.还有良好的耐氯化物腐蚀的性能.应用在：常用于纯水、蒸馏水、药品、酱、醋等卫生要求高、介质腐蚀性能强的场合，316钢的特别用途中对抗晶界腐蚀有特别要求的产品。 310S 是美国对不锈钢的一种标法，在国内的标号是（2520）0Cr25Ni20，是一种奥氏体不锈钢，310S 中的S是指该不锈钢的特殊用途。 0Cr25Ni20（310S）特性 --高温耐氧化性,高温强度。用途 --排气管Bellows,微波炉Heater,Tube,高温炉胆,火化炉等要求耐热性的钢种,高热/高温接触部件 200系不锈钢腐蚀 2009-11-18 8:55:21 调查发现，中国大陆市场生产、流通、使用的所谓“200系不锈钢”很少有符合国内国际权威标准的，以下是抽样检测结果： 检测结果1：国内市场“201”名义销售的产品与有关产品的对比
国家5A级景区评定标准
国家5A级景区评定标准 第一部分 创建国家5A级旅游景区评比标准 一、细则一：服务质量与环境质量评分细则 说明： 1、本细则共计1000分，共分为8个大项，各大项分值为：旅游交通140分；游览210分； 旅游安全80分；卫生140分；邮电服务30分；旅游购物50分；综合管理195分；资源和环境的保护155分。 2、5A级旅游景区需达到950分， （一）旅游交通 140分 1、可进入性 70分 ①抵达依托城市便捷程度，直达机场距依托城市距离在30公里以内。 ②依托城市有高速公路进、出口；客运火车站、航运码头。 ③依托城市到达景区便捷。 ④抵达公路及客运航道等级为一级公路或最高级客运航道。 ⑤景区外部交通引导标识，要求在颜色、外形上有别于一般交通标识。 ⑥护坡良好。 ⑦有旅游专项交通方式。 ⑧有直达旅游专线。 ⑨公交通达。 2、自备停车场 30分 ①自备停车场地，要求停车场有绿化停车面或绿化隔离线。 ②停车场设停车线、停车分区、回车线、分设出入口、专人值管。 ③车场内有方向引导指示标识。停车场或码头要求美观，有特色或文化性，与景观相协调。 3、内部交通 40分 ①游览线路进出口设置合理，不过分邻近，有利于游客疏散。 ②景区特色游步道，要求游步道设计特色突出, 体现景区文化，采用生态或仿生态效果。 ③游道或线路设置合理，线路设置形成环线，观赏面大，有利于游客游览。
（二）游览 210分 1、门票 10分 ①设计制作精美 ②有突出特色 ③背面有游览简图，咨询、投诉、紧急救援电话。 2、游客中心 65分 ①游客中心位置优越、标识醒目、规模恰当，游客中心外明示免费服务项目。 ②在游客中心内部设置电脑触摸屏，介绍各景点设施及服务。 ③在游客中心内设置影视介绍系统。 ④提供游客休息设施。 ⑤提供本旅游景区导览宣传资料。 ⑥咨询服务人员配备齐全。 ⑦提供游程线路图。 ⑧明示景区活动节目预告。 ⑨提供导游人员明细公示。 ⑩提供饮料及纪念品服务。 ○11提供特殊人群服务项目，包括残疾人轮椅、盲道、无障碍设施，老年人使用的拐杖，儿童使用的童车等。 3、引导标识 43分 ①配备导游全景图，全景图要正确标识出主要景点及旅游服务设施的位置，包括各主要景点、游客中心、厕所、出入口、医务室、公用电话、停车场等，并明示咨询、投诉、救援电话。 ②大型景区内交叉路口设置导览图，标明现在位置及周边景点和服务设施的图示。 ③配备景物介绍牌，标识牌 ④设计制作精美，维护良好，无脱落、无毛剌、无腐蚀等。 ⑤中外文对照明确无误，对照最少3种，要文图相符。 4、提供宣教资料。15分 ①包括正式出版印刷的导游图、明信片、画册、音像制品、研究 论著、科普读物等。 ②游客能获取本旅游景区主要的导览和宣传资料，其中至少包括一种免费宣传品，品种多,展示精美。
中英文在线翻译
英文翻译中文在线翻译 英文翻译中文在线翻译 （一）促进经济平稳较快发展 1. Promoting steady and robust economic development 扩大内需特别是消费需求是我国经济长期平稳较快发展的根本立足点，是今年工作的重点。 Expanding domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, which is essential to ensuring China’s long -term, steady, and robust economic development, is the focus of our economic work this year. 着力扩大消费需求。加快构建扩大消费的长效机制。大力调整收入分配格局，增加中低收入者收入，提高居民消费能力。完善鼓励居民消费政策。大力发展社会化养老、家政、物业、医疗保健等服务业。鼓励文化、旅游、健身等消费，落实好带薪休假制度。积极发展网络购物等新型消费业态。支持引导环保建材、节水洁具、节能汽车等绿色消费。
扩大消费信贷。加强城乡流通体系和道路、停车场等基础设 施建设。加强产品质量安全监管。改善消费环境，维护消费 者合法权益。 We will work hard to expand consumer demand. We will move faster to set up a permanent mechanism for boosting consumption. Wewill vigorously adjust income distribution, increase the incomes of low-and middle- income groups, and enhance people ’s ability to consume. We will improve policies that encourage consumption. We will vigorously develop elderly care, domestic, property management, medical and healthcare services. We will encourage consumer spending on cultural activities, tourism, and fitness; and implement the system of paid vacations. We will actively develop new forms of consumption such as online shopping; support and guide the consumption of green goods such as environmentally friendly building materials, water-saving sanitation products, and energy-efficient vehicles; and expand consumer credit. We will improve the urban-rural logistics system and infrastructural facilities, such as roads and parking lots, strengthen supervision over product quality and
国家5A级景区服务质量与环境质量评分细则
细则一：服务质量与环境质量评分细则 说明： 1、本细则共计1000分，共分为8个大项，各大项分值为：旅游交通140分；游览210分；旅游安全80分；卫生140分；邮电服务30分；旅游购物50分；综合管理195分；资源和环境的保护155分。 2、5A级旅游景区需达到950分，4A级旅游景区需达到850分，3A级旅游景区需达到750分，2A级旅游景区需达到600分，1A级旅游景区需达到500分。 细则一：服务质量与环境质量评分细则 说明：10 栏为打分点，所有 10 分值总和为1000分。 序号评定项目检查评定方法与说明 大项 分值栏 分项 分值栏 次分项 分值栏 小项 分值栏 自检 计分栏 推荐单 位计分 栏 评定单 位计分 栏 1旅游交通140 1.1 可进入性70 1.1.1 抵达依托城市(镇)的便捷程度依托城市（镇）系指旅游景区直接的主要 客源集散城市（镇）。依托城市（镇）可 跨越行政区划 20 1.1.1.1 直达机场距依托城市（镇）距离直达机场系指直达依托城市（镇）的民用 机场，包括军民两用机场，但不包括可提 供包机服务的军用机场10 30公里以内10 60公里以内 6 100公里以内 2 1.1.1.2 依托城市（镇）有高速公路进、出口包括高速公路进、出口通达旅游景区，但 不另计分 4 1.1.1.3 依托城市（镇）有客运火车站包括旅游景区有客运火车站，但不另计分3 1.1.1.4 依托城市（镇）有客用航运码头包括旅游景区有客用码头，但不另计分3 1.1.2 依托城市（镇）抵达旅游景区的便捷 程度 50 1.1. 2.1 与依托城市（镇）的关系15 在依托城市（镇）内处于建成区内。建成区系指经过批准的城 市（镇）规划确定的范围 15 在依托城市（镇）周边20公里内 系指距最近的建成区外缘的距离12 在依托城市（镇）周边50公里内10 在依托城市（镇）周边120公里内 5
姓名中英文翻译大全
姓名中英文翻译大全 A: 艾--Ai 安--Ann/An 敖--Ao B: 巴--Pa 白--Pai 包/鲍--Paul/Pao 班--Pan 贝--Pei 毕--Pih 卞--Bein 卜/薄--Po/Pu 步--Poo 百里--Pai-li C: 蔡/柴--Tsia/Choi/Tsai 曹/晁/巢--Chao/Chiao/Tsao 岑--Cheng 崔--Tsui 查--Cha
常--Chiong 车--Che 陈--Chen/Chan/Tan 成/程--Cheng 池--Chi 褚/楚--Chu 淳于--Chwen-yu D: 戴/代--Day/Tai 邓--Teng/Tang/Tung 狄--Ti 刁--Tiao 丁--Ting/T 董/东--Tung/Tong 窦--Tou 杜--To/Du/Too 段--Tuan 端木--Duan-mu 东郭--Tung-kuo 东方--Tung-fang E: F:
范/樊--Fan/Van 房/方--Fang 费--Fei 冯/凤/封--Fung/Fong 符/傅--Fu/Foo G: 盖--Kai 甘--Kan 高/郜--Gao/Kao 葛--Keh 耿--Keng 弓/宫/龚/恭--Kung 勾--Kou 古/谷/顾--Ku/Koo 桂--Kwei 管/关--Kuan/Kwan 郭/国--Kwok/Kuo 公孙--Kung-sun 公羊--Kung-yang 公冶--Kung-yeh 谷梁--Ku-liang H:
韩--Hon/Han 杭--Hang 郝--Hoa/Howe 何/贺--Ho 桓--Won 侯--Hou 洪--Hung 胡/扈--Hu/Hoo 花/华--Hua 宦--Huan 黄--Wong/Hwang 霍--Huo 皇甫--Hwang-fu 呼延--Hu-yen I: J: 纪/翼/季/吉/嵇/汲/籍/姬--Chi 居--Chu 贾--Chia 翦/简--Jen/Jane/Chieh 蒋/姜/江/--Chiang/Kwong
国家4A5A级旅游景区评定标准
或具有旅游线交通工具 b)有景观环境相协调的用停车场或船舶码头管理完善，布局合理，容量能满足游客接待量要求场地平整坚实或水域畅通标志规范醒目 c)区内游览（参观）路线或航道布局合理顺畅，观赏面大路面有特色，或航道水质良好 d)区内使用低排放的交通工具，或鼓励使用清洁能源的交通工具 2游览 a)游客中心位置合理，规模适度，设施齐全，功能完善咨询服务人员配备齐全，务熟练，服务热情 b)各种引导标识（包括导游全景图导览图标识牌景物介绍牌等）造型有特色，景观环境相协调标识牌和景物介绍牌设置合理 c)公众信息资料（如研究论著科普读物综合画册音像制品导游图和导游材料等）特色突出，品种齐全，内容丰富，制作良好，适时更新 d)导游员（讲解员）持证岗，人数及语种能满足游客需要普通话达标率100％导游员（讲解员）均应具备高中以文化程度，其中大以少于40％ e)导游（讲解）词科学准确生动导游服务质量达到GB/T 15971-1995中4.5.3和第5章要求 f)公共信息图形符号的设置合理，设计精美，有特色，有艺术感，符合GB/T 10001. 1的规定 g)游客公共休息设施布局合理，数量充足，设计精美，有特色，有艺术感 3旅游安全 a)认真执行公安交通劳动质量监督旅游等有关部门制定和颁布的安全法规，建立完善的安全保卫制度，工作全面落实 b)消防防盗救护等设备齐全完好有效，交通机电游览娱乐等设备完好，运行正常，无安全隐患游乐园达到GB/T 16767规定的安全和服务标准危险地段标志明显，防护设施齐备有效，高峰期有人看守 c)建立紧急救援机制，设立医务室，并配备医务人员设有突发事件处理预案，应急处理能力强，事故处理及时妥当，档案记录准确齐全 4卫生 a)环境整洁，无污水污物，无乱建乱堆乱放现象，建筑物及各种设施设备无剥落无污垢，空气清新无异味 b)各类场所全部达到GB 9664规定的要求，餐饮场所达到GB 16153规定的要求，游泳场所达到GB 9667规定的要求 c)公共厕所布局合理，数量能满足需要，标识醒目美观，建筑造型景观环境相协调所有厕所具备水冲盟洗通风设备，并保持完好或使用免水冲生态厕所厕所管理完善，洁具洁净无污垢无堵塞室内整洁 d)垃圾箱布局合理，标识明显，数量能满足需要，造型美观，环境相协调垃圾分类收集，清扫及时，日产日清 e)食品卫生符合国家规定，餐饮服务配备消毒设施，使用对环境造成污染的次性
国家1A-5A级景区标准(1)
国家1A-5A级旅游景区标准 本标准从实施之日起，代替GB/T 17775-1999《旅游区(点)质量等级的划分与评定》。本标准与GB/T 17775-1999相比，主要修改如下： ——在划分等级中增加了AAAAA级旅游景区。新增的AAAAA级主要从细节方面、景区的文化性和特色性等方面做更高要求； ——对原AAAAA级旅游景区的划分条件均进行了修订，强化以人为本的服务宗旨，AAAA 级旅游景区增加细节性、文化性和特色性要求；细化了关于资源吸引力和市场影响力方面的划分条件。 本标准由国家旅游局提出。 本标准由全国旅游标准化技术委员会归口并负责解释。 本标准起草单位：国家旅游局规划发展与财务司。 本标准主要起草人：魏小安、汪黎明、彭德成、潘肖澎、周梅。 引言 本标准的制定旨在加强对旅游景区的管理，提高旅游景区服务质量，维护旅游景区和旅游者的合法权益，促进我国旅游资源开发、利用和环境保护。 本标准在制定过程中，总结了国内旅游景区的管理经验，借鉴了国内外有关资料和技术规程，并直接引用了部分国家标准或标准条文。同时，根据GB/T 17775-1999《旅游区(点)质量等级的划分与评定》自1999年至今近三年时间的实施情况，在原标准基础上对一些内容进行了修订，使其更加符合旅游区（点）的发展实际。 旅游区（点）质量等级的划分与评定 1 范围 本标准规定了旅游景区质量等级划分的依据、条件及评定的基本要求。 本标准适用于接待海内外旅游者的各种类型的旅游景区，包括以自然景观及人文景观为主的旅游景区。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的修改单（不包括勘误的内容）或修订版均不适用于本标准，然而，鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本标准。
国内外不锈钢材质对照表
国内外不锈钢材质对照表
国内外不锈钢材质对照表 不锈钢材质 不锈钢材质，有着接近镜面的光亮度，触感硬朗冰冷，属于比较前卫的装饰材料，符合金属时代的酷感审美。不锈钢材质通常按基体组织分为： 1、铁素体不锈钢。含铬12％～30％。其耐蚀性、韧性和可焊性随含铬量的增加而提高，耐氯化物应力腐蚀性能优于其他种类不
通俗地说，不锈钢就是不容易生锈的钢，实际上一部分不锈钢，既有不锈性，又有耐酸性（耐蚀性）。不锈钢的不锈性和耐蚀性是由于其表面上富铬氧化膜（钝化膜）的形成。这种不锈性和耐蚀性是相对的。试验表明，钢在大气、水等弱介质中和硝酸等氧化性介质中，其耐蚀性随钢中铬含量的增加而提高，当铬含量达到一定的百分比时，钢的耐蚀性发生突变，即从易生锈到不易生锈，从不耐蚀到耐腐蚀。不锈钢的分类方法很多。按室温下的组织结构分类，有马氏体型、奥氏体型、铁素体和双相不锈钢；按主要化学成分分类，基本上可分为铬不锈钢和铬镍不锈钢两大系统；按用途分则有耐硝酸不锈钢、耐 相容性以及在很宽温度范围内的强韧性等系列特点，所以在重工业、轻工业、生活用品行业以及建筑装饰等行业中获取得广泛的应用。、 奥氏体不锈钢 在常温下具有奥氏体组织的不锈钢。钢中含Cr约18%、Ni 8%~10%、C约0.1%时，具有稳定的奥氏体组织。奥氏体铬镍不锈钢包括著名的18Cr-8Ni钢和在此基础上增加Cr、Ni含量并加入Mo、Cu、Si、Nb、Ti等元素发展起来的高Cr-Ni系列钢。奥氏体不锈钢无磁性而且具有高韧性和塑性，但强度较低，不可能通过相变使之强化，仅能通过冷加工进行强化。如加入S，Ca，Se，Te等元素，则具有良好的易切削性。此类钢除耐氧化性酸介质腐蚀外，如果含有Mo、Cu等元素还能耐硫酸、磷酸以
旅游景区5A级评比标准
创建国家5A级旅游景区评比标准 一、细则一：服务质量与环境质量评分细则 （一）旅游交通 1、可进入性 2、自备停车场 3、内部交通 （二）游览 1、门票 2、游客中心 3、引导标识 4、宣教资料 5、导游服务 6、游客公共休息设施和观景设施 7、公共信息图形符号 8、特殊人群服务项目 （三）旅游安全 1、安全保护机构、制度与人员 2、安全处置 3、安全设备设施 4、医疗服务 5、救护服务 （四）卫生 1、环境卫生 2、废弃物管理 3、吸烟区管理 4、食品卫生 5、厕所 （五）邮电服务 1、邮政纪念服务 2、电讯服务 （六）旅游购物 1、购物场所建设 2、购物场所管理 3、商品经营从业人员管理 4、旅游商品 （七）综合管理 1、机构与制度 2、企业形象 3、培训 4、游客投诉及意见处理
5、征询游客意见 6、国际互联网宣传 7、电视宣传 8、报刊宣传 9、电子商务 10、社会效益 （八）资源和环境的保护 1、空气质量 2、噪声指标 3、地表水质量 4、景观、生态、文物、古建筑保护 5、出入口 6、区内建筑及设施与景观的协调性 7、周边环境与景观协调性 8、绿化或美化 9、清洁能源的设施、设备 10、环保型材料 二、细则二：景观质量评分细则 （一）资源吸引力 1、观赏游憩价值 2、历史文化科学价值 3、珍稀或奇特程度 4、规模与丰度 5、完整性 （二）市场影响力 1、知名度 2、美誉度 3、市场辐射力 4、主题强化度 三、细则三：游客意见评分细则 1、旅游景区质量等级对游客意见的评分依据 2、游客综合满意度的考察 3、《旅游景区游客意见调查表》发放、回收、统计 4、在质量等级评定过程中，《旅游景区游客意见调查表》发放规模 5、《旅游景区游客意见调查表》采取发放方式 6、游客综合满意度的计分方法 7、旅游景区质量等级游客意见综合得分最低要求 第二部分有关景区评比知识点 1、外部交通 2、景区交通 3、停车场 4、风景区旅游线路 5、景区内标识牌