就近原则和主谓一致讲解与练习

就近原则

就近原则也称“邻近原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词在“人称、数”上一致。

这些词组有there be ……句型, Neither……nor……, Either……or……, or , Not……but…… , Not only……but also……,

1.There be 句型

There is a book and some pencils on the desk.

=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.

类似的还有here 和This. Here is a man and woman

2.neither...nor...

Neither you nor he is right. = Neither he nor you are right.

Neither you nor I am wrong. = Neither I nor you are wrong.

3.either...or...

Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.

= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.

4.not only...but also...

Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.

= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.

Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.

Not only they but also I am keen on sports.

主谓一致现象【找真正的主语（看是谓语动词前面的还是后面的）】

有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including【就远原则：离连接词远点的那个主语来决定谓语动词】等。例如：

Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。

All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。

No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道这个消息。

a. Each student _____ has_____ a dictionary. (做主语)

b. The students each _____have_____ a dictionary. (副词做同位语，而非主语)

A. have，have

B. have，has

C. has，have

D. has，has

此题应选C。a句的谓语用单数，这很显然。b句的谓语要用复数，这点考生很容易出错。其实a，b两句的意思是一样的(＝每个学生都有一本字典)，但是注意：b句真正的主语是the students，其后的each是主语的同位语，由于谓语是与主语保持一致(而不是与其同位语保持一致)，所以此句要选have。

请看以下例句：

We each have a computer.They each have read the book..

The young people each carry a big bag. My brother and I each have a car.

顺便说一句，若用each of...作主语，其谓语通常是用单数

Each of the boys was deeply frightened.

Each of these books was interesting.

Each of the students has his [have their] own books. 每个学生都有自己的书。

练习题：

1.Not only he but also I C invited

A. is

B. are

C. am

D. be

2. One or perhaps more pages ____B_ missing.

A. is

B. are

C. has been

D. have been

3. An expert, together with some assistants, __A__ to help in this work.

A. was sent

B. were sent

C. is sending

D. are sending

4. The police ___A_ the black in winter.

A. wears

B. wear

C. put on

D. puts on

5. The number of students that you have met _A___ the life of the team.

A. are

B. is

C. were

D. be

6. The worker and writer ___A__ from Wuhan

A. are

B. is

C. were

D. be

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