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江西省信丰中学高三历史周练(1)

江西省信丰中学高三历史周练(1)
江西省信丰中学高三历史周练(1)

周练二

一、选择题:本大题共40题,每题2分,合计80分。只有一项是最符合题目要求的。

1、“太古至春秋,君所任者,与共开国之人及其子孙也。虑其不能贤,不足共治,则选国子教之。上士、中士、下士、府、吏、胥、徒,取诸乡兴贤能,大夫以上皆世族,不在选举也。”对材料所述选官制度的理解,正确的是

A表明科举制度雏形出现 B实质是原始社会“选贤与能”的遗存

C反映出社会上“尚贤”局面初步形成 D促成官僚政治的形成

2、面对北洋军阀的统治,几经挫折的国民党和共产党都认识到,必须以武装的革命对付武装的反革命。为此,国民党与共产党合作改组中国国民党,建立国民革命军。这支国共合作的革命武装力量A.推翻了北洋军阀政府的统治 B.得到各地工农群众的支持

C.实现中国各阶级的联合 D.带领农民开展土地革命

3、有学者指出,“近代以来形成的民族‘危机感’,在1949年后并没有消失,而是表现为对国际上的危机仍有着过高的估计。”基于这种“过高的估计”,新中国

A做出改革开放的决定 B加强民主与法制建设

C开展以联合国为中心的多边外交 D“文化大革命”的爆发

4.中国共产党曾提出“赞助建立全中国统一的民主共和国”。当“全中国统一的民主共和国建立之时,苏维埃区域即可成为全中国统一的民主共和国的一个组成部分,苏区人民的代表,将参加全中国的国会,并在苏区实行与全中国一样的民主制度。”中国共产党提出这一主张有利于A.推动国民革命不断深入 B.创立苏维埃革命根据地

C.夺取解放战争最后胜利 D.建立抗日民族统一战线

5.同盟会成立初期,孙中山指出:“现代文明国家最难解决者,即为社会问题,实较种族政治两大问题同一重要。我国虽因工商业尚未发达,而社会纠纷不多,但为未雨绸缪计,不可不杜渐防微,以谋人民全体之福利。欲解决社会问题,则平均地权之方法,乃实行之第一步。”由此可见A.中国工商业不发达难以实现民生主义 B.民族民主革命比实现民生主义更重要

C.民生主义的目标是为人民全体谋福利 D.实现民生主义先要废除封建土地制度

6.如同在自然科学领域有“物体运动三大定律”一样,西方先哲们也发现人类社会也有“三大定律”:第一,人是社会的中心;第二,个人利益是治理社会的基础;第三,任何政府唯一的宗旨就是保护人民创造财富和享受幸福的自由。其中,第三大定律的思想集中体现为

A .三权分立

B .天赋人权

C .人民主权

D .社会契约论

7. 读右图,判断下列各项表述正确的是( )

A .汉武帝在②颁布“推恩令”

B .②和④先后是两宋的都城

C .北魏孝文帝从③迁都到②

D .明太祖在①废除了丞相制度

8. 下列各项史实与结论之间逻辑关系正确的是( )

9.商代甲骨卜辞中,有大量“受禾”、“求年”、“有足雨”的内容。这反映了当时

A .农业生产已是重要的经济活动

B .农业的收成与祭祀活动密切相关

C .巫师是农业生产的重要组织者

D .自然环境恶化影响农业生产

10.春秋晚期时期,出现“五口之家,治百亩之田”的现象,此处的“田”属于

A.自耕农私有土地

B.地主私有土地

C.国有土地

D.君主私有土地

11.右图反映的是

A .“小国寡民”的生活图景

B .小农经济的生产形式

C .儒教“夫为妻纲”的伦理观念

D .“男主外、女主内”的家庭关系

12. 《全球通史》中提到“随着经济商品化,土地成为可以自由买卖的一种财产。富有的商人获得

了大笔地产,贵族们为了增加自己的收入,不再像过去那样向村社头领收取一定量的地租,而是派

人直接向农民索取更多的地租。”古代中国开始出现这种现象之时,政治上主要表现为

A.世袭制代替禅让制 B.分封制被严重破坏C.开始实行分封制 D.中央集权制确立

13. 《旧唐书?郑注传》记载:“上(文宗)访以富人之术,(郑注)乃以榷茶(茶叶专卖制度)为对。其法,欲以江湖百姓茶园,官自造作,量给值分,命使者主之。”材料直接反映了A.封建官府与百姓争夺茶利 B.唐朝君主专制的空前强化

C.唐朝已放弃重农抑商政策 D.唐朝粮食产量大幅度增加

14.唐玄宗时,令宫女为前方将士缝绵衣。一兵士于短袍中得诗:“沙场征战客,寒苦若为眠。战袍经手作,知落阿谁边。蓄意多添线,含情更着绵。今生已过也,结取后身缘。”玄宗得知后,将作诗宫女嫁给该兵士,这一故事主要反映的是当时

A.佛教因缘观念影响深入B.诗歌成为表达爱情的方式 C.官营手工业因战争衰败 D.社会风气比较开放

15.唐初征收赋税时,钱币与绢布、粮食并收,财政收入以贯、匹、石等为单位计算;到南宋时,赋税征收以钱币为主体,以“贯”为单位计算。这表明南宋

A.商品经济快速发展 B.农业手工业地位下降 C.重农抑商政策松弛 D.经济控制逐步加强

16.元代划分行政区体现了“犬牙交错”的原则,将环境差异大的地区拼成一个又一个的行省。如设置湖广行省,洞庭湖横亘其间,而且又跨岭南,直到今广西。元政府这样做的目的是A.扩大统治区域 B.加强专制皇权 C.防止地方割据势力的出现 D.促进地方经济文化的发展

17.《西都杂记》称:“西都禁城街衢,有执金吾晓暝传呼,以禁夜行,惟正月十五夜敕许驰禁前后各一日,谓之放夜。”依据上述材料,以下理解分析正确的是

A.西都的商业活动已取消了时间限制 B.西都城内商业活动已打破坊、市的界限

C.街衢是指当时北宋著名的商业街 D.西都的城市功能仍以政治功能为主

18.日本学者内藤湖南提出著名的“唐宋变革说”,指出从唐到宋,中国进入到一个彻底削平封建割据和贵族势力的“君主一平民”二元结构时代,平民力量开始得到培植。支持“平民崛起”这一结论的历史依据不包括

A.城市商品经济的发展 B.租佃关系的出现 C.科举制的产生与发展 D.世俗文化的兴起19.《喻世明言》中有一句谚语:“一品官,二品贾。”二刻拍案惊奇中记载:“徽州风俗以商贾

第一等生业,科第反在次者。”这两则材料反映的是

()

A.政府推行工商皆本政策 B.宋朝商品经济发展 C.徽商有超前的经商理念 D.商人经济地位不断提高

20.明代蒲州商人范世奎经商西北,“义而资益巨,占良田数百亩”。乾隆时,浑源、榆次二州县富商大贾“且多置买田地”。上述材料表明明清时期

A.商业资本发展并开始转化为产业资本

B.晋商精明能干,敢于开拓新的领域

C.官商勾结,搞垄断和特权

D.商人仍遵循“以末起家,以本守之”的传统观念

21.乾隆年间的一首《竹枝词》写道:“呼朗早趁大冈墟,妾理蚕缫已满车。记问洋船曾到几,近来丝价竟何如。”该情景应出现在

A.天津地区

B.上海地区

C.珠三角地区

D.苏杭地区

22.在梭伦上台前,雅典全邦分成不同派别。山区的人多主张采行极端民主制;平原地区的人多主张极端寡头制;海滨的人多主张“中间性的混合制”。这反映了当时雅典

A.平民与贵族的政治对立不可调和 B.工商业者的政治要求最为激进

C.公民的经济生活影响政治意愿 D.公民的政治诉求未能充分表达

23.美国1787年宪法规定:国会有权宣战,招募陆军,建立和维持一支海军,有权征召民兵,以执行联邦法律、镇压叛乱和击退入侵;总统是合众国陆军、海军和征调为合众国服役的各州民兵的总司令。这些规定体现了

A.军权高于行政权 B.分权与相互制衡 C.总统权力至上 D.国会处于权力中心24.1811年,英国政府准备对美战争,派人拿着议会批准的100万英镑军费的批文前往英格兰银行要求预付,银行审计长发现上面未盖国王印章,拒绝支付。此事反映出当时英国

A.议会不能支配政府财政 B.国王掌控实权 C.银行担心政府违约失信 D.宪政制度确立25.近代法国产生了12部宪法,在 1789—1875年86年内,法国平均每7年更换一部宪法。这样频繁地更换宪法在各国中实属罕见,其内在的社会根源在于

A.启蒙思想的影响不断深入 B.封建残余势力的复辟导致政治动荡

C.封建残余势力和共和派斗争激烈,走向共和的历程非常艰难 D.外国势力的干涉打断其民主化进程

26.对英王查理一世的审判与处死是英国革命中的重大事件。布拉德肖法官曾在法庭上向查理一世宣

示:“在国王和他的人民之间存在一个契约协定……这就好像一条纽带,纽带的一头是君主对国民应尽的保护义务,另一头是国民对君主应尽的义务。先生,一旦这条纽带被切断,那么只能说,别了,君主统治!”上述材料表明,布拉德肖法官比法国启蒙思想家更早提出了

A.君主立宪的观点

B.天赋人权的思想

C.社会契约的理念

D.三权分立的学说

27、下表为1854年美国国会议案表决情况,该表主要反映了

A .两党势均力敌

B .两党在奴隶制问题上矛盾尖锐

C .共和党在选举中占有全面优势

D .两党分歧日趋缩小

28、.魏源说:“变古愈尽,便民愈甚,虽圣王复作,必不舍条编(明代税制)而复两税(唐代税制)。”与这一思想差异最大的是

A .治世不一道,便国不法古

B .祖宗之法不足守

C .变者天下之公理

D .托古改制

29、右图反映的是从西周至新中国建立初期黄

土高原森林覆盖率锐减,植被破坏严重的

现象。不属于造成这一变化的社会历史原因是

A 、长期大规模农耕活动的影响

B 、人口的增加导致土地过度开垦

C 、统治者大肆修建宫室陵苑

D 、近代以来大规模的工业化建设

30.鸦片战争期间,广东按察使王廷兰写给家人的信中说:“各处调的兵……毫无纪律。互斗杀人……

夷兵抢夺十三行,官兵杂入其中,肩挑担负,千百成群,竞行遁去……从不闻清查一二”,上述材料

A.丑化了清朝军队 B.因是家书而无史料价值 C.能说明清军战败的原因 D.反映了英军纪律严明

31.马克思在《资本论》中提到的唯一一个中国人是安徽人王茂荫(清朝户部侍郎),他因币制改革在1854年受到申斥。这件事的背景不可能是

①马克思货币理论传入中国,引起币制改革②鸦片大量进入,白银外流

③太平天国运动兴起,军费开支浩大④西方对华输出资本猛增,清政府财政危机严重

A.①②B.②③C.③④D.①④

32.我国学者罗荣渠教授认为:“从表面上看,帝国主义侵略论似乎是反西方中心论的,但如果只承认帝国主义是近代中国各种变化的主导因素,忽视了中国的历史特点和国情特点,把内部问题简单地归之于封建主义对帝国主义的屈服投降,而排除这一复杂历史过程中的多样性选择,实质上仍是一种隐蔽的西方中心论。”下列对该学者观点的解读,不恰当的是

A.帝国主义的侵略是引起近代中国社会变化的主导因素之一

B.近代中国社会的变化是多种因素合力作用的结果

C.“帝国主义侵略论”掩盖了中西方文明之间复杂的矛盾运动

D.反帝反封建斗争是推动近代中国社会进步的主要原因

33.1875年,郭嵩焘奏称:“西洋立国有本有末,其本在朝廷政教,其末在商贾,造船、制器,相辅以益其强,又末中之一节也……将谓造船、制器,用其一旦之功,遂可转弱为强,其余皆可不问,恐无此理。”这一认识

A.是中体西用论的具体表述 B.对洋务派思想有所突破C.反映了顽固派的政治主张 D.奠定维新变法的思想基础

34.武昌起义后全国有15省先后宣布独立,各省先后担任最高军政长官(都督)者背景不尽相同,其中新军将领13人,革命党5人,咨议局议长3人,巡抚3人,布政使1人,提督1人,督练公所总参议1人。据此可知辛亥革命

A.具有广泛社会基础 B.具有明显的妥协性

C.属于资产阶级革命 D.属于自上而下的革命

35.右图为某国1919年对华进出口贸易分区示意图,该国是

A.日本 B.德国 C.苏俄 D.法国

36.某中学历史研究学习小组,收集了下列历史图片。该组图片体现的最恰当主题是

A.新旧民主革命的艰难历程

B.中共对民主革命的探索

C.毛泽东思想的形成与发展

D.国共关系的发展变化

37.1941年2月,以美国总统罗斯福代表身份来华的居里正式向蒋介石声明:“美国在国共纠纷未解决前,无法大量援华。中美间的经济、财政等问题不可能有任何进展。”这表明当时美国

A.以中国内部纠纷为由拒绝对华援助 B.反对国民党采取的反共政策

C.敦促国共两党放弃各自的政治主张 D.借助援助促成国共两党全力抗日

38.1948年,苏联针对美、英等国分裂德国的措施,切断西柏林与其他美英法占领区的水陆交通,美、英则向西柏林大规模空运物资。这一局面持续近一年之久。这次柏林危机反映出冷战的基本特征是

A.苏联在对峙中处于攻势地位 B.美国交替采用对抗与缓和政策

C.两德为美苏争夺的前哨阵地 D.双方既对抗又避免直接军事冲突

39.一般认为,1952年法国学者在分析当时世界格局时,提出“第三世界”一词。这里的“第三世界”是指

A.不属于社会主义阵营和资本主义阵营的国家 B.两个超级大国及其他发达国家之外的国家 C.既不属于“北约”也不属于“华约”的国家 D.尚未获得独立的亚非拉地区国家40.1983年4月国务院在《关于城镇劳动者合作经营的若干规定》等文件中规定:允许个体工商户购买机动车船从事客货运输,允许长途贩运和批量销售;个体户可以起字号、刻图章,在银行开立账户等。这一措施

A.提高了劳动生产率B.实现了城乡之间的人员交流

C.活跃了城乡商品市场D.建立起市场经济新格局

二、非选择题

41.(20分)阅读材料,回答问题:

材料一:“杭城大街,买卖昼夜不绝,夜交三四鼓,游人始稀;五鼓钟鸣,卖早市者又开店矣。”

“自大街至诸小巷,大小铺席连门俱是,即无空虚之屋, 每日凌晨, 两街巷门上行百市, 买卖热闹。”

——(宋)吴自牧《梦粱录》“今朝半醉归草市,指点青帘上酒楼。”

——陆游《杂赋》材料二:2007年12月,宋代古沉船“南海一号”被打捞出水,考古专家认为”南海一号“沉船本身就是一个见证海上丝绸之路的历史文物,据考证,我国近海有2000-3000艘沉船,以宋元时期居多。

(1)依据材料一、二,概括宋代商业发展的特点。(8分)

材料三:宋朝是中国社会市民阶级正式产生的年代,大批的手工业者、商人、小业主构成了宋朝的中产阶级,他们经济富足,又有自己独立的价值追求,市民的富足闲暇生活及审美趣味和生活情趣促成了宋朝文化高度繁荣,戏曲、杂技、音乐、诗歌、小说等都在宋代高度繁荣。

——詹子庆编《中国古代史参考资料》

(2)结合材料三,简述宋朝经济发展的主要影响(4分)

材料四:“若说近世史应从什么时候开始?这应当是宋以后……宋代发生了商业革命……北宋以后堪称近代史”“‘二程’之‘洛学’出,复兴古学,方使‘千载不传之学’重放光明……与西洋文艺复兴时代知识人的自觉不无相似之处。”

——内藤湖南,1909 材料五:但对中国历史和世界历史而言,最重要的事实是,宋朝时的名副其实的商业革命,丝毫未对中国社会产生爆炸性的影响,而西方与此相应的商业革命却对西方社会产生了爆炸性的影响。

——斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》

(3)材料中内藤湖南和斯塔夫里阿诺斯对宋代历史地位认识有何不同?《全球通史》中“西方与此相应的商业革命却对西方社会产生了爆炸性的影响”是指什么?(8分)

周练二历史答题卷

班级座号小组姓名总分

一、选择题:本大题共40题,每题2分,合计80分。把符合题目要求的选项序号填上。

二、非选择题(20分)

(1)依据材料一、二,概括宋代商业发展的特点。(8分)

(2)结合材料三,简述宋朝经济发展的主要影响(4分)

(3)材料中内藤湖南和斯塔夫里阿诺斯对宋代历史地位认识有何不同?《全球通史》中“西方与此相应的商业革命却对西方社会产生了爆炸性的影响”是指什么?(8分)

周练二历史答题卷

班级座号小组姓名总分

一、选择题:本大题共40题,每题2分,合计80分。把符合题目要求的选项序号填上。

二、非选择题(20分)

(1)依据材料一、二,概括宋代商业发展的特点。(8分)

(2)结合材料三,简述宋朝经济发展的主要影响(4分)

(3)材料中内藤湖南和斯塔夫里阿诺斯对宋代历史地位认识有何不同?《全球通史》中“西方与此

相应的商业革命却对西方社会产生了爆炸性的影响”是指什么?(8分)

周练二历史答案

1—10 BBDDC DBAAA 11—20 BBADA CDBD D

21---30 CCBDC CBDDC 31—40 DDBBA BDDAC

41.(20分)(1)特点:突破坊市界限,打破时间限制,草市有所发展,海外贸易兴盛。(8分)

(2)主要影响:促使市民阶层产生,出现了其独立的价值追求和社会生活方式。促进了宋朝文化高度繁荣。(4分)

(3)区别:前者认为宋朝开始具备近代世界的特征。后者认为宋朝的商业革命没有把中国引向近代社会。(4分)

“爆炸性影响”:加速了西欧封建制度的解体,促进了资本主义的发展。(4分)

2018-2019学年上海中学高三上英语期中英语试卷

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