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高英Uint 4 Love is a fallacy 课后练习答案

高英Uint 4 Love is a fallacy 课后练习答案
高英Uint 4 Love is a fallacy 课后练习答案

Ⅱ. B. Questions on Structure and Style:

1. The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic subject, is

a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. Logic may be an interesting subject. The writer is exaggerating for the sake of humor. The writer employs a whole variety of writing techniques to make his story vivid, dramatic and colorful. The lexical spectrum is colorful from the ultra learned terms used by the conceited narrator to the infra clipped vulgar forms of Polly Espy. He uses figurative language profusely and also grammatic inversion for special emphasis. The speed of the narration is maintained by the use of short sentences, elliptical sentences and dashes throughout the story. This mix adds to the realism of the story.

2. The topic sentence of paragraph 47 is : He was a torn man. The writer develops the idea expressed in the topic sentence by describing vividly how hard it is for Petey Burch to choose between his girlfriend and raccoon coat. Being very observant and superbly to illustrative examples to develop the theme, the writer successfully to brings forth the scene in which Petey Burch’s desire for the raccoon coat waxes and his resolution not to give his girlfriend wanes. The reader can easily come to the conclusion that it is hard and painful decision for him to make.

3. The narrator refers to Pygmalion and Frankenstein because just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he fashioned, the narrator loved Polly Espy, who he had fashioned according to his plan. However, when he begged Polly’s love, he was rejected. He got same result as Frankenstein, who created a monster that destroyed him. In this sense, these allusion are chosen aptly. The whole thing backfired on the narrator when Polly employed all the “logical fallacies” she had been taught to reject his offer. The end of story finds that the narrator has got what he deserves. He has been too clever for his own.

4. An example of simile

My brain was as powerful as dynamo,as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scalpel.(comparing his brain to three different things)(para. 1)

An example of metaphor

There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond lamb’s frontier.(comparing the limitation set by lamb to a frontier)(author’s note)

An example of hyperbole

It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect.(hyperbole for effect)(para. 2)

An example of metonymy

Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter.(Otherwise you have committed a logical fallacy called a “Dicto Simpliciter”.)(para. 70)

An example of antithesis

It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make a ugly smart girl beautiful.(“beautiful, dumb and smart” are balanced against “ugly, smart and beautiful”)(para.24) 5. Colloquialisms and used in the text: dumb, pin-up, kid, go steady, date, casual kick, well-heeled, laughs, terrific, magnificent, mad, call it a night, yummy, fire away. Darn.

Slang used in the text: nothing upstairs, keen, dal, knock (oneself) out, dreamy, how cute,rat, knot head, jitterbug.

6.A freshman at a law school is made the narrator of the whole stroy. It’s from his point of view that the stroy is told. Since the whole stroy is presented as his personal experiences, we the readers tend to rely on what narrator tells us.

Ⅲ. Paraphrase

1.He is a nice enough young fellow, you know, but he is empty-headed.

2.A passing fashion or craze, in my opinion, shoes a complete lack of reason.

3.I ought to have known that raccoon coat would come back to fashion when the Charleston dance, which was popular in the 1920s, came back

4.All the important and fashionable men on campus are wearing them. How come you don’t know?

5.My brain, which is a precision instrument, began to work at a high speed.

6.Except for one thing (intelligence) polly had all other requirements.

7.She was not as beautiful as those girls in posters but i felt sure she would become beautiful enough after some time.

8.In fact, she was in the opposite direction, that is, she is not intelligent but rather stupid.

9.If you are no longer involved with her (if you stop dating her) others would be free to compete to get her as a girlfriend.

10.His head turned back and forth (looking at the coat then looking away from the coat). Every time he looked his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to give away polly become weaker.

11.To teach her to think appeared to be rather big task.

12.One must admit the outcome does not look very hopeful, but i decided to try one more time.

13.There is a limit to what any human being can bear.

14.I planned to be Pygmalion, to fashion an ideal wife for myself, but i turned out to be Frankenstein because polly(the result/product of my hard work) ultimately rejected me and ruined my plan.

15.Desperately i tried to stop the feeling of panic that was overwhelming me.

Ⅳ. Practice with words and expressions

A.

1.dynamo: a machine that changes some other form of power directly into electricity

2.flight : fleeing or running away from

3.Charleston: a lively dance in 4/4 time, characterized by a twisting step and popular during the 1920's

4.shed: cast off or lose hair

5.in the swim: conforming to the current fashions or active in the main current of affairs

6.practice: the exercise of a profession of occupation

7.pin—up: (American colloquialism)designating a girl whose sexual attractiveness makes her a subject for the kind of pictures often pinned up on walls

8.makings: the material or qualities needed for the making or development of something

9.carriage: manner of carrying the head and body; physical posture bearing: way of carrying oneself; manner

10.go steady: (American colloquialism)date someone of the opposite sex regularly and exclusively; be sweethearts

11.out of the picture: not considered as involved in a situation

12.deposit: (facetious)put,lay or set down

13.brief: a concise statement of the main points of a law case, usually filed by counsel for the information of the court

14.1et—up: stopping; relaxing

B.

1.fashion和fad均为名词。fashion主要指某人,尤其指文学、艺术界或社会上流人物在某一特定场合或时间内穿衣、讲话等方面的姿态或习惯。fad指由某种感情引起的一时的爱好或者一时流行的风尚。

2.incredulous和incredible均为形容词。incredulous是“不轻易相信的”、“表示怀疑的”的意思,指对某人的能力或意志力持怀疑和不相信态度。incredible是“不可相信的”意思,指某件事不平凡或不大可能存在,因而表示怀疑或不可相信。

3.passion和eagerness均为名词。passion指一种强烈的愿望或感情,这种愿望或感情往往会产生一种不可抗拒的或者必然的结果。eagerness意即“渴望”或“热情”,但往往含有不耐烦的意味。

4.feeling和emotion均是名词。feeling在没有上下文限制的时候,往往指人们在主观上反映的一种高兴或不高兴的感觉或感情。emotion指由于精神上或身体上受到外界某种刺激而引起的一种强烈的情感或情绪。

5.reveal和show均为动词。reveal指公开或揭露某种秘密或隐蔽的东西,好像是揭开一种掩饰物似的。show指某种事物或者东西“展现”在眼前,以便能看得到和看得清。6.tempt和incline均为动词。tempt意为“引诱”、“诱惑”,指一种强有力的诱惑,这种诱惑能克服对某一事物的顾忌或推断。incline意为“倾向于”、“有…的倾向”,指对某事物或行动或多或少表现出一种暖昧的心理倾向。

7.exasperation和disappointment均为名词。exasperation指使某人忍无可忍或者使某人失去自控力的强烈愤怒或生气。disappointment意为“失望”、“失意”,指某人对某件事情感到没希望或失去信心。

8.exasperation和disappointment均为名词。exasperation指使某人忍无可忍或者使某人失去自控力的强烈愤怒或生气。disappointment意为“失望”、“失意”,指某人对某件事情感到没希望或失去信心。

9.amusement和merriment均为名词。amusement意为“娱乐”、“消遣”,指一种令人愉快的精神消遣,尤其是某种幽默的事物或谈笑使人感到很有乐趣。merriment意为“愉快”、“欢乐”,指充满趣味和笑声的某种事物。

10.1anguish和suffer均为动词。languish指由于渴望而苦恼或遭受痛苦。suffer指由于伤害、悲痛或损失等原因而被迫遭受、蒙受痛苦或不愉快的事情。

C.

1.这几个词都是形容词,指人的智力或感觉等方面具有较高的灵敏性或灵活性。keen指在智力或感觉、视觉、听觉等五官方面是敏锐的或敏捷的,尤指具有解决复杂或疑难问题的特殊能力。acute意为“敏锐的”,指具有观察到别人没有注意到的某种意义、感情、意见、颜色、音调等的细微差别的能力,也指具有某种非常敏锐的神经注意力,这种注意力持续的时间不长。astute意为“敏锐的”、“精明的”、“聪明的”,指对某领域或某学科有很深的造诣或者有一定的体验的能力或洞察力。perspicacious在这些单词中最为正式的用词,强调具有高度的洞察力。calculating意为“精明的”,“精于算计的”,尤指会打小算盘。2.intelligent指具有善于从经验中学习或领会或对新事物迅速作出反应的能力。clever意为“聪明的”,“伶俐的”,指善于理解、善于学习,但有时含有“不够深入”的意思。bright 和smart比较口语化,一般可代替前面几个词中的任何一个。brilliant意为“英明的”,指具有非凡的智力或理解力。

D.

1. The fallacy of unqualified generalization or "a Dicto Simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid".

2. The fallacy of Hasty Generalization.

3. The fallacy of "post hoe, ergo propter hoc".

4. The fallacy of Hypothesis Contrary to Fact.

5. The fallacy of "post hoc, ergo propter hoe".

6. The fallacy of Ad Misericordiam.

7. The fallacy of unqualified generalization or "a Dicto Simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid".

8. The fallacy of Hasty Generalization.

高级英语第四课全文翻译

震撼世界的审判 约翰?司科普斯 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 在一九二五年七月的那个酷热日子里,当我在挤得水泄不通的法庭里就位时,人群中响起一阵嘁嘁喳喳的议论声。我的辩护人是著名刑事辩护律师克拉伦斯?达罗。担任主控官的则是能说会道的演说家威廉?詹宁斯?布莱恩,他曾三次被民主党提名为美国总统候选人,而且还是导致我这次受审的基督教原教旨主义运动的领导人。 几个星期之前,我还只是田纳西州山区小镇戴顿的一名默默无闻的中学教员,而现在我却成了一次举世瞩目的庭审活动的当事人。在法庭就座为我作证的有以哈佛大学的科特里?马瑟教授为首的十几位有名望的教授和科学家。到场的还有一百多名新闻记者,甚至还有一些广播电台的播音员,他们也要破天荒地播放一次庭审实况。就在我们静候着法庭开审的当儿,达罗关切地搂住我的肩膀低声安慰道:“别担心,孩子,我们会给他们点厉害瞧瞧。” 我刚到戴顿中学任自然科学教员兼足球教练不久,这件案子就突然降临到我的头上。若干年来,原教旨主义者和现代主义者之间就一直在酝酿着一场冲突。原教旨主义者坚持严格按照字面意义去理解《旧约全书》,而现代主义者则接受查尔斯?达尔文的进化论——认为一切动物,包括猿和人,都是由同一个祖先进化而来的。 在田纳西州,原教旨主义势力很强,州立法机构最近还通过了一项法令,禁止公开讲授“任何否定《圣经》上宣讲的创世说的理论。”这项新法规的矛头直接指向了达尔文的进化论。有位名叫乔治?拉普利亚的工程师因反对这项法规常和当地人进行辩论。有一次辩论中,拉普利亚说,任何人要讲授生物学,就不能不讲进化论。因为我就是讲授生物学的,所以他们便把我叫去作证。 “拉普利亚是对的,”我对他们说。 “那么说,你在触犯法律,”他们中的一位说。 “所有其他的教师也都在触犯法律,”我回答说。“亨特所著的《生物学基础》中就讲到了进化论,那是我们使用的教科书。” 于是拉普利亚提出一个建议。“让我们将此事交付法庭判决,”他说,“以检验其是否合法。” 当我于五月七日被正式起诉时,谁也不曾料到,我本人更没有料到我的这件案子竟会越闹越大,以至成为美国历史上最著名的庭审案例之一。美国公民自由联合会宣布:如有必要,联合会将把我的案子提交美国最高法院审理,“以确保教师不至于因讲授真理而被送进监狱。”接着,布莱恩自告奋勇地要协助州政府方面对我进行起诉。著名律师克拉伦斯?达罗也立即主动提出要替我辩护。具有讽刺意味的是,在这次审判之前我并不认识达罗,但我却见过布莱恩,那是我念大学的时候,他来校作过演讲。我很钦佩他,尽管我并不赞同他的观点。 到七月十日庭审开始的时候,我们这个拥有一千五百人口的小镇上呈现出一派看马戏似的热闹气氛。大街两旁的建筑物上都挂起了彩旗。在法院的三层红砖房子周围的街道上突然冒出了许多摇摇晃晃的摊贩货架,出售的是热狗、宗教书籍和西瓜。福音传教士们也在街上搭起帐篷向行人传教布道。附近一带的山区居民,其中多半是原教旨主义者,也纷纷赶到镇上来为布莱恩呐喊助威,打击那些“外来的异教徒”。他们当中就有具体起草了那条反进化论法令的约翰?

高级英语 第四单元

The Domestication of Animals 动物的驯化 The domestication of wild species led directly to denser human populations by yielding more food than the hunter-gatherer lifestyle could provide. In societies that possessed domestic animals, livestock helped to feed more people by providing meat, milk and fertilizer, and by pulling plows. Large domestic animals became the societies’ main source of animal protein, replacing wild game, and they also furnished wool, leather, and land transport. Humans have domesticated only a few species of large animals, with “large” defined as those weighing over 100 pounds (45 kilograms). Fourteen such species were domesticated before the twentieth century, all of them terrestrial mammals and herbivores. The five most import of these are sheep, goats, pigs, horses, and cattle or oxen. 野生物种的驯化直接导致了人类种群密度的增加,比狩猎采集者的生活方式提供了更多的食物。在拥有家畜的社会里,牲畜通过提供肉类、牛奶和化肥,以及拉犁来养活更多的人。大型家畜成为了社会动物蛋白的主要来源,取代了野生动物,他们还提供羊毛、皮革和陆地运输。人类只驯养了一些大型动物,其中“大”被定义为体重超过100磅(45公斤)的大型动物。在二十世纪之前驯养了十四种这样的动物,它们都是陆地哺乳动物和食草动物。其中最重要的五个是绵羊、山羊、猪、马、牛或牛。 Small animals such as ducks, geese, rabbits, dogs, cats, mink, bees, and silkworms have also been domesticated. Many of these small animals provided food, clothing, or warmth. However, none of them pulled plows or wagons, none carried riders, and none except dogs pulled sleds. Furthermore, no small domestic animals have been as important for food as have large domestic animals. 鸭子、鹅、兔子、狗、猫、鼬、蜜蜂和蚕等小型动物也被驯养。许多小动物提供食物、衣服或温暖。然而,没有一个人拉犁或马车,没有一个人带着骑手,只有狗拉雪橇。此外,与大型家畜一样,小型家畜对食物的重要性也不高。 Early herding societies quickly domesticated all large mammal species that were suitable for domestication. There is archaeological evidence that these species were domesticated between 10,000 and 4,500 years ago, within the first few thousand years of the origins of farming-herding societies after the last Ice Age. The continent of Eurasia has been the primary site of large mammal domestication. Having the most species of wild mammals to begin with, and losing the fewest to extinction in the last 40,000 years, Eurasia has generated the most candidates for domestication. 早期的放牧社会很快驯养了所有适合驯养的大型哺乳动物。有考古证据表明,这些物种是在1万到4500年前被驯化的,这是在上一个冰河时代之后的农牧社会起源的最初几千年里。欧亚大陆是大型哺乳动物驯化的主要场所。在过去的4万年里,欧亚大陆拥有最多的野生哺乳动物,并在灭绝的过程中失去了最少的数量,因此成为了最适合驯化的物种。 Domestication involves transforming wild animals into something more useful to humans. Truly domesticated animals differ in many ways from their wild ancestors. These differences result from two processes: human selection of individual animals that are more useful to humans than other individuals of the same species, and evolutionary responses of animals to the forces of natural selection operating in human environments rather than in wild environments. 驯化包括将野生动物转化为对人类更有用的东西。真正的驯养动物在许多方面与它们的祖先不同。这些差异是由两个过程产生的:个体动物的人类选择比其他个体对人类更有用,动物对自然选择的力量的进化反应在人类环境中而不是在野生环境中。

高英二第四课

Lesson 4 Love Is a Fallacy by Max Shulmas Teaching Points Ⅰ. Background Knowledge Ⅱ. Introduction to the Passage Ⅲ. Text analysis Ⅳ. Rhetorical Devices Ⅴ. Questions Teaching Process Warming up Question 1:What is love? Question 2: What is logic? Question 3: Love is blind? Question 4: Love is reason? Introduction to the Passage 1. Type of literature: a piece of narrative writing --protagonist/antagonists --climax --denouement 2. The main theme 3. Well chosen title and words 4. Style --a very fast pace with a racy dialogue full of American colloquialism and slang --employing a variety of writing techniques to make the story vivid, dramatic and colorful Text Analysis Vocabulary 1. Pay attention to words and expressions in the following aspects respectively: Spelling and Pronunciation Synonyms Opposites Similar words and expressions Settled or habitual usage 2. Word building knowledge Effective Writing Skills 1. Employing colorful lexical spectrum, from the ultra learned terms to the infra clipped vulgar forms 2. Too much figurative language and ungrammatical inversion for specific purposes 3. The using of short sentences, elliptical sentences and dashes to maintain the speed of narration Rhetorical Devices

大学高级英语第一册张汉熙版第四课原文加翻译everydayuseforyour

I will wait for her in the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavy yester day afternoon. A yard like this is more comfortable than most people know. It is not just a yard. It is like an extended living room. When the hard clay is swept clean as a floor and the fine sand around the edges lined with tiny, irregular grooves, anyone can come and sit and look up into the elm tree and wait for the breezes that never come inside the house. Maggie will be nervous until after her sister goes: she will stand hopelessly in corners, homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs, eying her sister with a mixture of envy and awe. She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that "no" is a word the world never learned to say to her. You've no doubt seen those TV shows where the child who has "made it" is confronted, as a surprise, by her own mother and father, tottering in weakly from backstage. (A Pleasant surprise, of course: What would they do if parent and child came on the show only to curse out and insult each other) On TV mother and child embrace and smile into each other's face. Sometimes the mother and father weep, the child wraps them in her arms and leans across the table to tell how she would not have made it without their help. I have seen these programs. Sometimes I dream a dream in which Dee and I are suddenly brought together on a TV program of this sort. Out of a cark and soft-seated limousine I am ushered into a bright room filled with many people. There I meet a smiling, gray, sporty man like Johnny Carson who shakes my hand and tells me what a fine girl I have. Then we are on the stage and Dee is embracing me with tear s in her eyes. She pins on my dress a large orchid, even though she has told me once that she thinks or chides are tacky flowers. In real life I am a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands. In the winter I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man. My fat keeps me hot in zero weather. I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open tire minutes after it comes steaming from the hog. One winter

高级英语第二册第四课课文翻译

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