英语写作中的修辞
英语写作中的修辞
修辞手段一般主要用于文学性写作中。但在大学英语的英文写作中有时也需要运用一定的具有英文特征的修辞手段，而且运用得好，会使语句生动从而增添语句亮点。因此，掌握一些一般常用修辞手段对于实现语句亮点也是非常必要的。对于大学英语写作来说，主要应该掌握以下修辞手段，又称语句辞格，包括结构辞格与语义辞格。对比、排比、重复、倒装等为结构辞格，转义、双关、矛盾等则为语义辞格。
1.对比
正反对比就是要巧妙地运用对称的英文句式来表达互为补充的意思，因此恰当地运用反义词语往往是必不可少的。如果一旦所要表达的内容具有这种情况，就应尽力选用这种对称的句式并选用适当的反义词语来加强语句，实现语句的亮点。
1）如“很多人很快就会发现，他们在物质上是富裕了，精神上却很贫乏”，可以这样达：
Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods, but ragged in spirit.
(注：句中rich in 与 ragged in, goods 与 spirit 具有正反对比的关系和效果。）
2）如“利远远大于弊”，可以这样表达：
The advantages for outweigh the disadvantages.
(注：句中 the advantages 与 the disadvantages 具有正反对比的关系和效果。）
3）如“他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理，但他们却忽视了一个重要的事实”，可以这样表达：
They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements, but have ignored a more important fact. (注：句中have noticed 与 have ignored, a grain of truth in the statements 与 a more important fact 具有正反对比的关系和效果。）
4)如“这样做既有积极效果也有消极效果”，可以这样表达：
It will have both negative and positive effects by so doing.
(注：句中negative 与positive具有正反对比的关系和效果）
5)如“我们既有与我们很为相似的朋友，又有与我们很为不同的朋友”，可以这样表达：
We have friends similar to us and friends different from us.
(注：句中similar to 与 different from具有正反对比的关系和效果）
2.排比
英文中有时也使用排比句式，这种句式整齐而有气势，又不会使人感到单调。例如，如“读书使我们聪明，锻炼使我们强健”，可以这样表达：
Reading makes us wise while exercises make us strong.
3. 重复
英文一般讲求简洁，因此为表达强调偶尔使用重复可以使语句的强调内容得到突出。英文的重复又根据被重复词语在语句中的位置分为句首重复、句尾重复、首尾重复、尾首重复等。
1)如“现在是忘掉过去一切的时候了。现在是言归正传的时候了。现在是为未来而奋斗的时候了”，可以这样表达：
Now is the time to forget everything in the past. Now is the time to get down to the business. Now is the time to work hard for the future.
（注：此句为句首重复，重复部分为句首的now it the time to )
2)如“我们渴望成功，而且正在为成功而努力工作”，可以这样表达：
We long for success and we are working hard for success.
(注：此句为句尾重复，重复的部分为句尾的for success.)
3)如“我相信我们能够成功，我相信我们也一定会成功”，可以这样表达：
I am convinced that we can succeed, and Iam convinced that we must succeed.
(注：and 所连接的两个语句的句首与句尾部分同时重复，重复的部分为句首的 I am convinced that与句尾的succeed)
4)如“我们现在生活在一个新的时代，而一个改革充满着风险与机遇”，可以这样表达：
We are now living in a new era, and a new era of reform is always full of ventures and chances. (注：and 之前的句尾与and之后的句首重复，重复部分为a new era.)
4. 倒装
这里说的倒装不同于前述非修辞性的语法结构倒装。非修辞性的语法结构倒装是语句的语法结构所限定的，没有自由选择的余地，只要运用需要倒装结构的句型就要采用倒装结构。这里所说的倒装是指修辞性语义结构倒装，是进行强调的一种手段，它利用了语句句首(或句尾)的特殊位置。例如，如“充满着风险与机遇的改革的新时代正向我们走来”，可以这样表达：
Now on coming to us is the new era of reform full of ventures and chances.
5.转义
转义是一种对词语灵活运用的修辞手段，主要有比喻、拟人、夸张、反语、婉转等，比喻又包括明喻、暗喻、换喻、提喻等。
1)如要表达“过去的经历就像图片一样总是在脑海中萦绕”，英文可为：
What had been experienced in the past was always looming in memory like a picture.
(注：此句采用明喻，明喻的特点是使用了like一词)
2)如要表达“我们的英语老师就是我们最好的英语辞典”，英文可为：
Our English teacher is our best English dictionary.
(注：此句采用暗喻，暗喻的特点是利用事物之间的相似之处进行比喻，与明喻不同之处在于不使用like
一词)
3)如要表达“我正在读莎土比亚的书呢”，英文可为：
I am reading Shakespeare.
(注：此句采用换喻，换喻的特点是直接借用一事物的名称宋代替另一事物的名称，使用通过联想理解其含
义，但不是所有的事物都是可以用换喻来表达的)
4)如要表达“这里需要一个帮手”，英文可为：
A hand is needed here.
(注：此句采用提喻，提喻的特点是用一个事物的部分来代表事物的整体或用一个事物的整体来代表事物的部分。这里用hand一词代表整个人)
5)如要表达“巨大的不幸笼罩着整个城市”，英文可为：
A great misfortune crept over the whole city.
(注：此句采用拟人。拟人的特点是将事物人格化)
6)如要表达“这种想法可真是伟大的愚蠢”，英文可为：
This is really a great stupid idea.
(注：此句采用反语。反语的特点是故意将话反说，具有讽刺意味)
7)如要表达“我太渴望成功了。听到成功的消息我欣喜若狂”，英文可为：
I was mad for success and on the news of success I went mad with joy.
(注：此句采用夸张。夸张的特点是为表现事物的特征故意夸大其词)
英文写作中怎样避免用词的重复？
在英语的文章中，我们可以看到，除了表示强调或为了避免意义的含糊外，同一个词或短语很少在同一个句子中连续使用，有时，在一个句群或段落中也避免重复使用相同的词。避
免词汇重复是英语句子的又一特点。这一特点最明显的标志是，英语代词的使用频率远远高
于汉语。英语主要是通过使用代词、同义词、近义词和省略等手段来避免重复。
1．使用代词回避重复
这是最普通，也是常见的一种方法。
Can you mend this table? I broke it yesterday．
你会修理这张桌子吗?昨天我把它弄坏了。
When the entered，each was given a small present．
孩子们进来时，每人都得到一份小礼物。
2．用同义词避免重复
这里说的同义词是一个比较宽泛的概念。它包括范畴词、相近词(near-synonym)和派生词等。
Then they went on with of the peak．The climb was an extremely difficult one．
然后他们继续向顶峰攀登，这是一次极难的攀登。
这是一个很典型的例子。如果第一次用来表达概念的词不太常见，不太通俗易懂，那么第二次需要重提此概念时，作者往往用一个简单的字眼。如：第二句就用了同义词climb来替代ascent这个较冷僻的词，既避免了重复，又解释了了ascent的意义。
The monkey's extraordinary performance was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine，the animal had learned to drive single-handed．
这只猴子最出色的表演是学开拖拉机。到9岁时，它已学会独自驾驶拖拉机了。
在第二句仍要提及monkey和tractor，为了回避重复，作者用了animal和vehicle这两个范畴词来替代。范畴词虽然意义宽泛，不太确切，但是在特定的上下文中一般不会引起误解，而且行文也显得更加活泼了。
3．用省略手段回避重复
省略的主要功能就是避免重复，并能突出新的信息。省略是英语的一种习惯用法，它能节省词语，使语句结构显得紧凑。
1)省略名词
He spoke for the first motion and against the second．(the second＝the second motion)
他赞成第一个提议，反对第二个提议。
They are fine actors．Smith is the finest I've ever seen．
他们是优秀的演员，但史密斯是我见过的最好的演员。
有时，名词的省略出现在相同的名词之前。
Cut off the first and last parts of the play，and leave then middle．
(the first＝the first part of the play)
把这个剧本的首尾两部分删去，只留下中间部分。
2)省略动词
谈到动词的省略，典型的例子应首推培根关于读书的那段名言。
Some books are to be tasted，others(are)to be swallowed，and some few (are) to be chewed and digested．
书有可浅尝者，有可尽食者，少数则需咀嚼消化。
Jack needn't stay here，but George must．(＝but George must stay here)
杰克不必留下了，可是乔治必须留下来。
John won the first race and Jim(won) the second.
约翰胜了第一场比赛，吉姆胜了第二场。
3)省略形容词
相比较而言，英语中省略形容词来避免重复的情形，不如其他词类多。
Robert seemed angry，and George certainly was(angry)．
罗伯特似乎生气了，而乔治肯定是生气了。
4)省略从句
I did not notice it till too late．(＝till it was too late)
等我注意到这事时，已经晚了。
l must get it done what ever the cost．(＝what ever the cost may be)
无论代价如何，我也要把这事办成。
He gave the same answer as before．(＝as he has given before)
他的回答和从前一样。
为了回避词语的重复，人们通常采用以上这3种省略手段。省略手段看似容易，因为有些内容可以略去不表，其实不然，能够做到正确地省略，说明一个人句子的运用能力已经达到纯熟的地步。有运用得当的省略句更能显示出学习者英语的规范性、地道性。避免重复是英语句子表达的一条原则。但是从词类的角度看，重复的多是名词、动词和形容词这些实词，而词义较抽象的代词、介词、助动词等虚词则不怕重复。这样看来，英语句子是“避实就虚”，而虚词的重复常常是为了避免实词的重复。
4．避免重复与避免中式英语
避免重复这条原则对中国学生还有一层特殊的意义。受汉语表达习惯的影响，中国学生用英语表达思想时，常常不自觉地加上不必要的修饰语。这些修饰语虽然在汉语中也是重复(如毫无根据的捏造)，但是它们显得自然，符合汉语的表达习惯。可是，如果把这些修饰语也译成英语，效果就适得其反了，既累赘，又有失表达的准确。
例如：汉语中，我们可以说，“请给我们多提宝贵意见”，但是用英语表达时就不必说Please gives us your valuable opinions．别人能提出意见、建议，我们肯定应该认为是宝贵的，再用valuable一词就是多余的，正确的说法应是Your opinions will be appreciated．还有一个典型的例子，在表达“他的病情好多了”这一汉语句子时，中国学生往往说成His sick condition is much better．实际上，condition本身就表示“疾
病”(sickness，illness)，所以句中的sick也是一种无意义的重复，地道的表达方法是His condition is much better．或者可以更简单地说He is much better．
此外，在用英语表达汉语中的“吃饭”、“读书”、“唱歌”、“付钱”、“换车”这些动宾结构的概念时，中国学生往往把宾语表达出来，而实际上，英语的有些动词本身已经含有宾语所表示的意思，不言自明，一般是可以省略的，加上宾语则有可能形成画蛇添足，
说出中国式的英语。现举例如下：
Have you heard(any news) from your daughter recently?
近来你得到你女儿的消息了吗?
"to hear from somebody" 就含有“听到某人的消息”，“接到某人来信”的意思。
Write(letters)to me often．
经常给我写信。
Dick was mad about books．He made notes while he read．(＝while he read books)
迪克特别爱读书，他读书时总是作笔记。
It's through train, you don't have to change anywhere．(＝you don't have to change trains anywhere)
这是一超支达车，你不需要在任何地方换车。
He paid(money) to see the show．
他花了钱去看演出。
以上各例中，动词的宾语是不言而喻的。如果不是特别需要强调，宾语可以省略。不省略，虽然符合语法规则，也不构成理解错误，但是在表达方式上与标准的英语习惯用法不符，
影响语言的地道性。
避免重复这一原则在书面英语中体现比较严格，相对来说，口语中则具有较大的灵活性。
五种常见的邀请信
Dear sir/madam:
I'm delighted you have accepted our invitation to speak at the Conference in [city] on [date].
As we agreed, you'll be speaking on the topic from [time] to [time]. There will be an additional minutes for questions.
Would you please tell me what kind of audio-visual equipment you'll need. If you could let me know your specific requirements by [date], I'll have plenty of time to make sure that the hotel provides you with what you need.
Thank you again for agreeing to speak. I look forward to hearing from you.
Sincerely yours,
[name]
[title]
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Dear sir/madam:
Thank you for your letter of [date]. I'm glad that you are also going to [place] next month. It would be a great pleasure to meet you at the [exhibition/trade fair].
Our company is having a reception at [hotel] on the evening of [date] and I would be very pleased if you could attend.
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours sincerely,
[name]
[title]
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Dear sir/madam:
[organization] would very much like to have someone from your company speak at ou r conference on [topic].
As you may be aware, the mission of our association is to promote. Many of our members are interested in the achievements your company has made in.
Enclosed is our preliminary schedule for the conference which will be reviewed in weeks. I'll call you [date] to see who from your company would be willing to speak to us. I can assure you that we'll make everything convenient to the speaker.
Sincerely yours,
[name]
[title]
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Dear sir/madam:
We would like to invite you to an exclusive presentation of our new [product]. The presentation will take place at [location], at [time] on [date]. There will also be a reception at [time]. We hope you and your colleagues will be able to attend.
[company] is a leading producer of high-quality. As you well know, recent technological advances have made increasingly affordable to the public. Our new models offer superb quality and sophistication with economy, and their new features give them distinct advantages over similar products from other manufacturers.
We look forward to seeing you on [date]. Just call our office at [phone number] and we will be glad to secure a place for you.
Sincerely yours,
[name]
[title]
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Dear sir/madam:
On [date], we will host an evening of celebration in honor of the retirement of [name], President of [company]. You are cordially invited to attend the celebratio n at [hotel], [location], on [date] from to p.m.
[name] has been the President of [company] since [year]. During this period, [company] expanded its business from to. Now it's our opportunity to thank him for his years of exemplary leadership and wish him well for a happy retirement. Please join us to say Good-bye to [name].
See you on [date].
Yours sincerely
[name]
[title]
教你写英文贺卡
Have you seen a picture of a little bride and groom?So it's for weddings.In China we send wedding cards as well. Often we're enclosed with money. And then this one is happy anniversary.And if you know someone, especially at that time, if you're remembering their wedding or if you were in their wedding perhaps, you might send them a card to remind them. And what's the right thing to write?
Well if somebody is getting married, we always say "Congratulations", don't we? "Congratulations on your happy day or on your wedding!". And "Congratulations on your
anniversary!"
After the wedding comes the next card. "Congratulations on your new baby!"
This one says "a little boy". But anytime there's a birth of a child, you could write "Congratulations on the birth of your new baby" or "On the birth of your child."
There're other kinds of congratulations that you might want to do. For example, if someone moves to a new home, you might write someone a little card and say " Congratulations on your new home", or……
Or your new job. That's very common because people do change jobs. Usually you change for the better, get a better job. So it's nice to remember somebody with a card. This one just says "Congratulations". I recently sent it to a young man who graduated from school. And I think this is a standard note. My whole family signed it and we told him "good luck in the future", since he had just finished school.
The last category is very important for those crazy foreigners who are always saying "thank you".
In Western culture, one of the most important thing is to say "please" and "thank you".
So in a "thank you" card you might begin by saying, "Dear……" good friend, good neighbor, their name. And then say thank you for whatever it was, you buying me dinner, helping me with something.
When you write a "thank you " card you don't have to write a lot. And inside it's bland; "thank you" is on the outside. You just write "Thank you for the lovely dinner "; "Thank you for the wonderful outing";"Thank you for the lovely gift. ."
Those are all good.And you should have at least two "thank you's" in the note, at the beginning and at the end. So it does seem like too much. But we want to go over how to close these. Some endings would be……You might end a love card with "I love you " or "Much love". But you might end a friendship card with "fondly", which means fondness and friendship, or "Your friend,Jack", or "I'm thinking of you,Rose ." And "thank you", you would end with "Thanks again".
Yes, this is a good one to remember, because in a "thank you" card, at the beginning you might say "Thank you for the wonderful evening", "We had such a good time being with you", and whoever, "in your new house." Thanks again.
And a more formal one you might say, say it's your boss's son who graduated, you don't know him well. He is not a personal friend. But you send a card, you might say "Best regards" or "Best wishes" or "All the best". Those are all good ways to finish the note and then sig n your name.
So if you have to write a card and you need to write it to an English speaker, now this should
give you some good ideas on what to say inside your cards.
Friendship
友谊是沟通人与人心灵的桥梁，让我们珍视友谊，祝“友谊地久天长”
Friendship is one of the greatest pleasures that people can enjoy．It is very difficult to find a better definition of friendship．A true friend does indeed find pleasure in our joy and share sorrow in our grief．In time of trial，he or she is always at our side to give us his or her help and comfort．
Knowing how valuable friendship is，we should be very careful in our choice of a friend．We must choose someone who has a good character，whose activities are good and who shows kindness of heart．We should avoid those shallow people who are easily changed by adversities or misfortune．
A true friend can always be trusted，loved and respected．If you tell a friend your secrets，he or she won’t tell anyone else．Friends share each other’s joys and sorrows．They help each other when they are in trouble，and cheer each other up when they are sad．The most important thing is that a friend always understands you．In conclusion，when you have made a good friend，don’t forget him or her．
友谊
我们一生中不能没有友谊。它是人们最大的快乐之一。很难给友谊找到一个更好的定义。一个真正的朋友会与我们分享快乐与悲伤。在考验人的时刻，他或她总会站在我们一边，帮助我们，安慰我们。
知道了友谊的珍贵，在择友时我们就应非常谨慎。然而，选择朋友并不容易。我们一定要选择那些性格好、行为好、心地好的人。应避免选择那些遇到逆境或不幸就很容易改变的人。
一个真正的朋友总是让人信任、喜爱和尊敬的。如果你把自己的秘密告诉了朋友，他不会告诉别人。朋友之间会分享快乐和悲伤。当他们遇到困难时，会互相帮助；当他们悲伤时，会互相鼓励。最重要的是，朋友总是能理解你。最后说一句，当你交到好友时，不要轻易忘记他或她。
一、Greetings 问候语
1. Hello! / Hi! 你好！
2. Good morning / afternoon / evening! 早晨（下午/晚上）好！
3. I'm Kathy King. 我是凯西·金。
4. Are you Peter Smith? 你是彼得·史密斯吗？
5. Y es, I am. / No, I'm not. 是，我是。/ 不，我不是。
6. How are you? 你好吗？
7. Fine, thanks. And you? 很好，谢谢，你呢？
8. I'm fine, too. 我也很好。
9. How is A my / your wife / your husband? 爱米好吗？/你妻子好吗？/你丈夫好吗？
10. She is very well, thank you. 她很好，谢谢。
11. Good night, Jane. 晚安，简。
12. Good-bye, Mike. 再见，迈克。
13. See you tomorrow. 明天见。
14. See you later. 待会儿见。
15. I have to go now. 我必须走了。
二、Expression In Class 课堂用语
16. May I come in? 我能进来吗？
17. Come in, please. 请进。
18. Sit down, please. 请坐。
19. It's time for class. 上课时间到了。
20. Open your books and turn to page 20. 打开书，翻到第20页。
21. I'll call the roll before class. 课前我要点名。
22. Here! 到！
23. Has everybody got a sheet? 每个人都拿到材料了吗？
24. Any different opinion? 有不同意见吗？
25. Are you with me? 你们跟上我讲的了吗？
26. Have I made myself clear? 我讲明白了吗？
27. Could you say it again? 你能再说一遍吗？
28. Any questions? 有什么问题吗？
29. That's all for today. 今天就讲到这里。
30. Please turn in your paper before leaving. 请在离开前将论文交上。
四、About Belongings 关于所有物
46. What's this? 这是什么？
47. It's an air-conditioner. 这是空调。
48. Is this yours? 这是你的吗？
49. Y es, it's mine. 是的，是我的。
50. Where are my glasses? 我的眼镜在哪儿？
51. Do you know where I've put my glasses? 你知道我把眼镜搁哪儿了吗？
52. Over there. 在那边。
53. On the desk. 在桌上。
54. Is this your pen? I found it under the desk. 这是你的笔吗？我在桌下捡的。
55. No. Mine is blue. 不是。我的是蓝的。
56. Which is your bag? 哪个是你的包？
57. The bigger one. 大些的那个。
58. The one on your right. 你右边的那个。
59. Are these books all yours? 这些书全是你的吗？
60. Some of them are mine. 一部分是我的。
五、Identifying People 辨别身份
61. Who are you? 你是谁？
62. I'm Jim. 我是吉姆。
63. Who is the guy over there? 那边那个人是谁？
64. He's Bob. 他是鲍勃。
65. Is that girl a student? 那个女孩是学生吗？
66. No, she isn't. 不，她不是。
67. What do you do? 你是做什么的？
68. I'm a farmer. 我是个农民。
69. What does he do? 他是干什么的？
70. He's a manager. 他是个经理。
71. She must be a model, isn't? 她一定是个模特，不是吗？
72. I really don't known. 我真不知道。
73. I have no idea about it. 我一点都不知道。
74. Can she be a driver? 她可能是个司机吗？
75. Y es, I think so. 是的，我认为是。
六、About Introduction 关于介绍
76. What's your name? 你叫什么名字？
77. May I have your name? 能告诉我你的名字吗？
78. My name is Thomas. 我叫汤姆斯。
79. Just call me Tom. 就叫我汤姆吧。
80. What's your family name? 你姓什么？
81. My family name is Ayneswonth. 我姓安尼思华斯。
82. How do you spell it? 怎么拼？
83. Who is the lady in white? 穿白衣服的那位小姐是谁？
84. Could you introduce me to her? 你能把我介绍给她吗？
85. Rose, let me introduce my friend to you. 罗斯，让我介绍一下我的朋友。
86. This is Tom. He's my classmate. 这是汤姆。我的同学。
87. Nice to meet you. 很高兴认识你。
88. Nice to meet you, too. 认识你我也很高兴。
89. Let me introduce myself. 让我自我介绍一下。
90. How do you do? 你好！
七、Y ear, Month And Day 年、月、日
91. What day is it today? 今天星期几？
92. It's Monday today. 今天是星期一。
93. What's the date today? 今天是几号？
94. It's January the 15th, 1999. 今天是1999年1月15日。
95. What month is this? 现在是几月？
96. It's December. 现在是十二月。
97. What year is this? 今年是哪一年？
98. It's the year of 1999. 今年是1999年。
99. What will you do during this weekend? 这周末你干什么？
100. Does the shop open at 9 am on weekdays? 这家店平日是早上9点开门吗？
101. It opens at 8 am on weekdays, but at 9 at weekends.平日上午8点开，但周末9点开。102. What will you do the day after on next? 后天你干什么？
103. What did you do the week before last? 上上星期你干了什么？
104. I'll work for the next 5 days. 我要工作5天（从明天算起）
105. It's been 5 years since I last saw you. 我已5年没见你了。
八、Talking About Objects 谈论事物
106. Do you have a computer? 你有计算机吗？
107. Y es, I do. 是的，我有。
108. He has that book, doesn't he? 他有那本书，是吗？
109. No, he doesn't. 不，他没有。
110. Do you have any brothers or sisters? 你有兄弟或姐妹吗？
111. No, I'm a single son. 没有，我是独生子。
112. Does your computer have a modem? 你的电脑有调制解调器吗？
113. Do you have shampoo here? 这儿有香波卖吗？
114. What a beautiful garden you have! 你的花园真漂亮。
115. Any tickets left? 有剩票吗？
116. Do you have glue? I need some here. 你有胶水吗？我这里需要一点。
117. I have some left. 我剩下一些。
118. If you have more, please give me some. 如果你有多的，请给我。
119. Do you have my pencil? 你拿了我的铅笔吗？
120. Y es, I have your eraser, too. 是的，我还拿了你的橡皮。
九、Talking About Time 叙述时间
121. What time is it now? 现在几点？
122. It's two o'clock. 现在两点。
123. It's a quarter past five. 现在是五点一刻。
124. It's ten minutes to four. 现在差十分四点。
125. It's half past nine. 现在是九点半。
126. It's one o'clock sharp. 现在一点整。
127. It's not four o'clock. 还没到四点呢。
128. My watch says two o'clock. 我的表是两点钟。
129. My watch is two minutes fast. 我的表快了两分钟。
130. What's the time by your watch? 你的表几点了？
131. We must arrive there on time. 我们必须准时到那儿。
132. There are only two minutes left. 只剩两分钟了。
133. Can you finish your work ahead of time? 你能提前完成工作吗？134. The flight is delayed. 飞机晚点起飞。
135. The meeting is put off. 会议延期了。
十、About Dates 关于日期
136. What day is today? 今天星期几？
137. Today is Monday. 今天星期一。
138. What's the date today? 今天几号？
139. Today is May 21st. 今天是五月二十一号。
140. When were you born? 你什么时候出生的？
141. I was born on September 1st, 1976. 我出生在1976年9月1日。142. What time? 什么时候？
143. Y ou name the time. 你定时间吧。
144. I'll meet you tomorrow. 我们明天见面。
145. Do you know the exact date? 你知道确切日期吗？
146. Please check the date. 请核实一下日期。
147. What were you doing this time last year? 去年这时候你在干什么？148. How long will the sale last? 折价销售多久？
149. Only three days. 仅三天。
150. I'll be back in 5 days. 我五天之后回来。
十一、About V isits 关于拜访
151. Hello. Can I see Mr. Green? 你好，我能见格林先生吗？
152. Do you have an appointment? 你有预约吗？
153. Sorry, I don't. 对不起，我没有。
154. Y es. At 3:00 pm. 是的，约的是下午3点。
155. Sorry, Mr. Green can't see you now. 对不起，格林先生现在不能见您。156. He's on the phone. 他在打电话。
157. Would you wait here for a minute? 您能在这里等一下吗？
158. Would you like something to drink? 您想喝点什么吗？
159. Tea, please. 我喝点茶吧。
160. Mr. Green, Mr. Smith is here. 格林先生，史密斯先生在这里。
161. Y ou may go in now. 您可以进去了。
162. Nice to see you, my old friend. 真高兴见到你，我的老朋友。
163. How have you been these years? 这些年你怎么样？
164. Y ou've changed little. 你一点也没变。
165. Do you still remember that Christmas? 你仍记得那个圣诞节吗？
十二、About Language 关于语言
166. Do you speak English? 你会说英语吗？
167. Y es, a little. 会讲一点。
168. How long have you studied English? 你学英语多久了？
169. He speaks English fluently. 他讲英语很流利。
170. Y our English is very good. 你的英语很好。
171. Y ou speak English pretty well. 你的英语讲的很好。
172. Are you a native speaker of English? 你的母语是英语吗？
173. My native language is Chinese. 我的母语是汉语。
174. He speaks with London accent. 他带点伦敦口音。
175. He has a strong accent. 他口音很重。
176. I have some difficulty in expressing myself. 我表达起来有点困难。177. I'm always confused with "s" and "th". 我常把s和th搞混。
178. Can you write in English? 你能用英文写文章吗？
179. Y our pronunciation is excellent. 你的发音很好。
180. How can I improve my spoken English? 我该怎样才能提高口语水平？
十三、Talking About Activities 谈论活动
181. What are you doing? 你在干什么？
182. I'm reading a book. 我在看书。
183. I'm cooking. 我在做饭。
184. Are you watching TV now? 你在看电视吗？
185. Y es, I'm watching Channel 5. 是的，我在看5频道。
186. No, I'm listening to the radio. 没有，我在听收音机。
187. Where are you going? 你去哪儿？
188. I'm going to work. 我去上班。
189. Who are you writing to? 你在给谁写信？
190. I'm writing to an old friend. 给一个老朋友。
191. What will you do this weekend? 这周末你将干什么？
192. I'll go to a concert. 我要去听音乐会。
193. I'll go on an outing with some friends. 我与朋友去郊游。
194. Do you like traveling? 你喜欢郊游吗？
195. Y es, I like it a great deal/it very much. 是的，我很喜欢。
十四、About Age 关于年龄
196. How old are you? 你多大了？
197. I'm twenty-two (years old). 我二十二了。
198. Mr. Smith is still in his forties. 史密斯先生才四十几岁。
199. I'm two years younger than my sister. 我比我姐小两岁。
200. My elder sister is one year older than her husband. 我姐比他丈夫大一岁。
201. He's the youngest in the family. 他是一家中最小的。
202. He looks much younger than he is. 他看起来比他实际上年轻得多。
203. I came here when I was 20. 我二十岁来这儿。
204. I started school at the age of 6. 我六岁开始上学。
205. My father is over 60 years old. 我父亲已年过六十了。
206. Most of them are less than 30. 他们中大多数不到30岁。
207. I guess he's about 30. 我猜他大概30岁。
208. She's going to be 15 next month. 下个月她就满15了。
209. They'll have a party for their 10th wedding anniversary.
他们将为结婚十周年开个晚会。
210. He's still a boy after all. 他毕竟还只是个孩子。
十五、Talking About Daily Activities 谈论日常生活
211. When do you get up everyday? 每天你几点起床？
212. I usually get up at 8 o'clock. 我通常8点起床。
213. Where do you have your lunch? 你在哪儿吃午饭？
214. I have my lunch in a snack bar nearby. 我在附近一家快餐店吃午饭。
215. What did you have for lunch? 你中午吃些什么？
216. I had a hamburger and a fried chicken leg? 我吃一个汉堡包，一个炸鸡腿。217. What time do you start work? 你什么时候开始工作？
218. I start work at 8 o'clock. 我八点开始工作。
219. What do you do at work? 你上班干些什么？
220. I answer telephones and do some typing. 我接电话和打字。
221. What time do you finish your work? 你什么时候下班？
222. At 6 o'clock sharp. 6点。
223. What do you do in your spare time? 闲暇时，你干些什么？
224. I like listening to pop music. 我喜欢听流行音乐。
225. I like playing football. 我喜欢踢足球。
十六、Talking About Y esterday 谈论昨天的事
226. When did you get up yesterday morning? 你昨天早上几点起床？
227. At about seven. 七点左右。
228. I heard the clock, but I didn't get up until 9.
我听见闹钟了，但我捱到九点才起。
229. I woke up seven and got up right away. 我七点醒了，然后马上起床了。230. I hurried to my office. 我匆忙赶到办公室。
231. I had my breakfast on the way. 我在路上吃的早饭。
232. I was just on time. 我刚好赶上。
233. I was 10 minutes late. 我迟到了五分钟。
234. I had lunch with a friend of mine. 我和我的一个朋友一块吃了午饭。
235. I finished my work at 6 p.m. 下午6点我下班了。
236. I stayed and did some extra work. 我留下加了一会儿班。
237. The TV programs were really boring, so I went to bed very early.
电视节目很无聊，所以我早早睡了。
238. I read a magazine in bed. 我躺在床上看杂志。
239. I didn't sleep well. 我没睡好。
240. I slept soundly all night. 我整夜睡的很熟。
十七、Talking With Friends 与朋友聊天
241. Hi, Joe, is it really you? 乔，你好，真是你吗？
242. Hi, Ann. Nice to see you again. 安，你好。真高兴再次见到你。
243. It's been a whole year since I last saw you. 我整整一年没见你了。
244. Y es, but you look as pretty now, as you did then. 但你看起来还是那么漂亮。245. Oh, thank you. How have you been these days? 欧，谢谢。这段时间你好吗？246. Not too bad. 不太糟。
247. But you sound so sad. 但听起来你很悲伤。
248. Y es, I lost my pet cat yesterday. 是啊，昨天我的宠物猫丢了。
249. Oh, I'm sorry to hear that. 听到这消息我很遗憾。
250. That's all right. 没事儿。
251. Have you seen Kate lately? 最近你看见凯特了吗？
252. No, I have no contact with her. 没有。我和她没有一点儿联系。
253. I heard she got married last week. 我听说她上星期结婚了。
254. Oh, how nice. Sorry, I've got to go now. 那真好。对不起，我必须得走了。255. So do I. See you later. Keep in touch. 我也是，再见。记得联系哦。
十八、Talking About The Past 谈论过去
256. I used to take a walk in the early morning. 我过去常一大早出去散步。
257. He used to live in my neighborhood. 他曾与我是邻居。
258. Did you use to go fishing with friends? 过去你常和朋友钓鱼吗？
259. We have known each other for 6 years. 我们认识有六年了。
260. It has been a long time since last came here.
自从我上次来这里已经有很长时间了。
261. Have you seen Mr. Smith recently? 最近你见过史密斯先生吗？
262. They've been working on this project since last year.
他们从去年开始一直都在做这个项目。
263. I've been watching TV all night. 我看了一整晚的电视。
264. The movie began as soon as we got there. 我们一到那儿电影就开始了。265. When I arrived at the station, the train had already left.
我到车站时，火车已经开了。
266. The late arrival of the ship had messed up all our plans.
船到晚了，把我们的计划全打乱了。
267. I had thought he knew the time of the meeting. 我原以为他知道开会时间。268. They had excepted me to go with them. 他们原本希望我和他们一起去。269. That was the third time that I had visited the place.
那是我第三次参观那地方了。
270. After I had finished my paper, I put it in the drawer.
我写完论文，就把它放在抽屉了。
十九、Asking About The Address 询问地址
271. Hi, Jack, where do you live now? 你好，杰克，你现在住哪儿？
272. I live at 203 Curzon Street. 我住在可胜街203号。
273. Curzon Street? Isn't Mary living there? 可胜街？玛丽不是也住那儿吗？274. Y es, she lives just across the street. 是的，她就住在街对面。
275. How long have you stayed there? 你在那儿住多久了？
276. Just a few months. 才几个月。
277. How about Mary? How long has she lived there?
玛丽怎么样？她在那儿住多久了？
278. She's been living there since her birth. 她生下来就住那儿。
279. Will you stay there for long? 你会在那儿待很长时间吗？
280. No, I'll move to Hollywood next month. 不，我下个月搬到好莱坞去。281. Oh, really? I'm moving there too. 真的？我也会搬到那儿去。
282. Great. Then we can drink beer together. 棒极了，我们可以一起喝啤酒了。283. Y es, and you may stay there longer. 对，而且你也许会在那儿住久一些。284. I hope so. 希望如此。
285. I'm sure we'll have a good time. 我相信我们会很开心的。
二十、Asking Questions 提问题
286. Where are you going? 你去哪儿？
287. Where did you go for dinner yesterday? 你们昨天去哪儿吃的饭？
288. When will he come to see you? 他什么时候来看你？
289. When did you buy the car? 你什么时候买的车？
290. Who told you? 谁告诉你的？
291. Who will accompany you to the airport? 谁将陪你去机场？
292. Why don't you agree? 你为什么不同意？
293. Why not go out for a walk? 干吗不出去散步？
294. How did you doing spend your holiday? 你假期怎么过的？
295. How are you doing these days? 这些日子你怎么样？
296. What did he say in the letter? 他在信里说什么了？
297. What are you going to do with the books? 你打算拿这些书怎么办？298. What were you doing when I called? 我打电话给你时你在干吗？
299. I was about to leave. 我正要出门。
300. Can you guess what I was doing this morning? 你能猜到今天上午我在做什么吗？
二十一、Measuring And Comparing 形容物品、度量、比较
301. What's the height of the building? 这座楼有多高？
302. How much does the elephant weight? 这个大象有多重？
303. What's the color of your new dress? 你的新衣服是什么颜色的？
304. What's the size of your shoes? 你的鞋多大尺寸？
305. My brother is twice as tall as your sister. 我弟弟比你妹妹高一倍。
306. My grandma is 40 years older than me. 我祖母比我大40岁。
307. This river is one third as long as that river. 这条河只有那条河的三分之一长。308. What's the shape of your balloon? 你的气球是什么形状？
309. How wide is this bridge? 这座桥有多宽？
310. How thick is the ice here? 这儿的冰有多厚？
311. This metal is harder than that one. 这种金属比那种硬。
312. He can run as fast as Jim. 他跑的和吉姆一样快。
313. Kate is smarter than I. 凯特比我聪明。
314. How long do you watch TV every day? 你每天看多长时间电视？
315. How often do you go swimming? 你多久去游一次泳？
二十二、Asking For Help 寻求帮助
316. Would you please open the door for me? 请你帮忙开个门好吗？
317. May I ask you a question? 我能问你个问题吗？
318. Please give me a hand. 请帮我个忙。
319. Could you do me a favor? 能请你帮个忙吗？
320. Would you help me remove the refrigerator? 能帮忙移一下冰箱吗？
321. Get me my coat, please. 请帮我拿下外套。
322. Make me a cup of coffee, will you? 给我冲杯咖啡，好吗？
323. Call me tomorrow if you have time. 明天要有时间就给我打个电话。
324. Could you tell me where I can find these books?
您能告诉我在哪儿能找到这些书吗？
325. Certainly. 当然了。
326. Witch pleasure. 很高兴。
327. I'm sorry. I'm engaged now. 对不起，我现在正忙着。
328. I'm glad to, but I'm afraid I don't have the time.
我很乐意，但我恐怕没时间。
329. Would you mind closing the window for me?
能帮我关一下窗户吗？（你介意关下窗户吗？）
330. Not at all. 当然可以。（当然不介意）
二十三、Asking Directions 打听情况和问路
331. Excuse me, madam. Could you tell me where the post office is?
对不起，女士，请问邮局在哪里？
332. It's just around the corner. 转弯就是。
333. Excuse me, how can I get to the bus station? 对不起，汽车站怎么走？334. Y ou can take the bus and get off at the second stop.
你可以坐公共汽车第二站下。
335. Excuse me. Where is No.5 Street? 对不起，第五大街在哪儿？
336. Go straight ahead and turn left at the second crossing.
一直往前走，在第二个十字路口往左拐。
337. Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to Mr. Hu's restaurant?
对不起，你能告诉我怎么去胡先生的餐馆吗？
338. Go on for about 100 meters. It's on your left side. Y ou can't miss it.
往前走约100米，在你左手边，你不会错过的。
339. Which one is Mr. Jame's office?
哪间是詹姆司先生的办公室？
340. It's Room 201 on the second floor. 二楼201房间。
341. Can I use the lift? 我能用电梯吗？
342. Sorry, it's broken. Y ou have to use the stairs.
对不起，它坏了，你只能走楼梯了。
343. Where are the stairs? 楼梯在哪里呢？
344. Go along the corridor and it's on your right side.
沿着走廊走，在你右手边。
345. Thank you for directions. 感谢你为我指路。
二十四、About Marriage 关于婚姻
346. Are you married? 你结婚了吗？
347. I'm single. 我现在单身。
348. Y ou have a younger brother, don't you? 你有个弟弟，是吗？
349. How is your family? 你的家人怎么样？
350. She's engaged/married to John. 她和约翰订婚/结婚了。
351. How long have you been married? 你们结婚多久了？
352. We've been married for 2 years. 我们结婚两年了。
353. My parents got married in 1954. 我父母1954年结婚的。
354. Mary gave birth to a baby last week. 玛丽上星期做妈妈了。
355. They've been divorced. 他们已离婚了。
356. His wife died a year ago. Now he lives alone.
他妻子去年去世了。现在他一个人住。
357. My aunt will come to live with me for some days.
我阿姨会来和我住一些日子。
358. John has his own family now. 约翰现在有自己的家了。
359. Do you live with your parents? 你和你父母住一起吗？
英语作文范文-英语写作中的修辞
英语作文范文 英语写作中的修辞 学英语写作中的修辞 修辞手段一般主要用于文学性写作中。但在大学英语的英文写作中有时也需要运用一定的具有英文特征的修辞手段，而且运用得好，会使语句生动从而增添语句亮点。因此，掌握一些一般常用修辞手段对于实现语句亮点也是非常必要的。对于大学英语写作来说，主要应该掌握以下修辞手段，又称语句辞格，包括结构辞格与语义辞格。对比、排比、重复、倒装等为结构辞格，转义、双关、矛盾等则为语义辞格。 1。对比 正反对比就是要巧妙地运用对称的英文句式来表达互为补充的意思，因此恰当地运用反义词语往往是必不可少的。如果一旦所要表达的内容具有这种情况，就应尽力选用这种对称的句式并选用适当的反义词语来加强语句，实现语句的亮点。 1）如“很多人很快就会发现，他们在物质上是富裕了，精神上却很贫乏”，可以这样达： Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods, but ragged in spirit.
(注：句中rich in 与 ragged in, goods 与 spirit 具有正反对比的关系和效果。） 2）如“利远远大于弊”，可以这样表达： The advantages for outweigh the disadvantages. (注：句中 the advantages 与 the disadvantages 具有正反对比的关系和效果。） 3）如“他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理，但他们却忽视了一个重要的事实”，可以这样表达： They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements, but have ignored a more important fact. (注：句中have noticed 与 have ignored, a grain of truth in the statements 与 a more important fact 具有正反对比的关系和效果。） 4)如“这样做既有积极效果也有消极效果”，可以这样表达： It will have both negative and positive effects by so doing. (注：句中negative 与positive具有正反对比的关系和效果） 5)如“我们既有与我们很为相似的朋友，又有与我们很为不同的朋友”，可以这样表达： We have friends similar to us and friends different from us. (注：句中similar to 与 different from具有正反对比的
高考英语作文常用修辞手法
高考英语作文常用修辞手法 高考英语作文常用修辞手法 文章最忌语言枯燥无味，一篇好的作文，语言应该生动形象。而恰当 地运用修辞手法，可以使文字新鲜活泼、具体逼真，大大增强艺术表 现力，扩大语言表达的范围；而且还可以激发读者的想象，给人留下 深刻的印象。下面介绍一些英语作文中常用的修辞手法。 1 比喻(etaphr) 比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻： 明喻(siile)： 用lie, as, asas, as if(thugh) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如： lve’s lie a red, red rse 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The an an’t be trusted He is as slipper as an eel 那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 He uped as if he had been stung他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。 hildhd is lie a siftl passing drea 童年就像一场疾逝的梦。 暗喻(etaphr)： 用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如： He has a heart f stne 他有一颗铁石心肠。 The rld is a stage 世界是一个大舞台。 2 换喻(etn)
用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the hite Huse 代替美国政府或者总统，用the bttle来代替ine 或者alhl，用the bar 来代替the legal prfessin，用rn代替ing等。例如： His purse uld nt all hi that luxur 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种 奢华。 The ther did her best t tae are f the radle 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。 He sueeded t the rn in 1848 他在1848年继承了王位。 3 提喻(snedhe) 指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用 一般代表特殊。例如： He earns his bread b riting 他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The fars ere shrt f hands during the harvest seasn 在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat anada at riet 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿 大队。 He is the Netn f this entur 他是这个世纪的牛顿。 4 拟人(persnifiatin) 把事物或者概念当作人或者具备人的品质的写法叫拟人。例如： heart as singing 我的心在歌唱。 This tie fate as siling t hi 这一次命运朝他微笑了。
(完整版)英语中19种修辞手法和例句
1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。 例如: 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily－like voice.（用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花）鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音. 2>.Taste the music of Mozart.（用嗅觉形容听觉）品尝Mozart的音乐. 6.Personification 拟人 拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物. 例如: 1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.（把夜拟人化） 2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.（把鸟拟人化） 7.Hyperbole 夸张 夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果.. 例如: 1>.I beg a thousand pardons. 2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars. 3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out. 8.Parallelism 排比, 平行 这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体. 例如: 1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one
英语写作技巧：英语写作中的修辞
英语写作技巧：英语写作中的修辞 修辞手段一般主要用于文学性写作中。但在大学英语的英文写作中有时也需要使用一定的具有英文特征的修辞手段，而且使用得好，会使语句生动从而增添语句亮点。所以，掌握一些一般常用修辞手段对于实现语句亮点也是非常必要的。对于大学英语写作来说，主要应该掌握以下修辞手段，又称语句辞格，包括结构辞格与语义辞格。对比、排比、重复、倒装等为结构辞格，转义、双关、矛盾等则为语义辞格。 1.对比正反对比就是要巧妙地使用对称的英文句式来表达互为补充的意思，所以恰当地使用反义词语往往是必不可少的。如果一旦所要表达的内容具有这种情况，就应尽力选用这种对称的句式并选用适当的反义词语来增强语句，实现语句的亮点。 1)如“很多人很快就会发现，他们在物质上是富裕了，精神上却很贫乏”，能够这样达： Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods，but ragged in spirit.(注：句中rich in与ragged in，goods与spirit 具有正反对比的关系和效果。) 2)如“利远远大于弊”，能够这样表达： The advantages for outweigh the disadvantages.(注：句中the advantages与the disadvantages具有正反对比的关系和效果。) 3)如“他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理，但他们却忽视了一个重要的事实”，能够这样表达： They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements，but have ignored a more important fact.(注：句中have noticed与have ignored，a grain of truth in the statements与a more important fact具有正反对比的关系和效果。)
英语18种重要修辞手法
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英语写作常用修辞格
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英语修辞欣赏知识分享
英语修辞欣赏
《英语修辞欣赏》 ［4/8］ 明喻（simile)是比喻的一种，是一两种具有共同特性的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的相类关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词有： like; not unlike; it was a bit likel can be likened to ; as ; as if ; as though; as it were as comparable to ; many be compared to ; similar to; akin to ; be analogous to ; be someting of等。 共分三种类型：描写型（descriptive) 说明型（illustrative)和启发型（illuminativ e） 【描写型明喻】 Example One：撒切尔夫人辞职，老友里根撰文回忆中的一句 I know it helped put me at ease when I felt like the new kid at school at my firs t economic summit in Ottawa in 1981. 1981年，在渥太华第一次参加经济首脑会谈，当时我觉得自己好似一个刚上学的学童 Example Two: He is something of a political chamelion.(Newsweek; December 3,1990) 他有点象政治上的变色龙 注释： something of ,有些相似（to some extent; somewhat)，表示A接近B Example Three:美国求职者可以委托专业公司代写履历 Too many professionally prepared resumes read like a pitch from an old-time snake-oil pedlar. 雇请职业枪手代写的履历念起来往往都带有老式江湖郎中的推销口吻。 注释： snake-oil(蛇油)指江湖郎中所卖的万灵丹，以次比喻代写的履历，含有“假货赝品”的意思。 pitch是resume的喻体。原意为定调的基音，联想到高嗓门，转义为“大肆宣
高中作文：英语作文写作技巧：英语写作中的修辞：排比
排比 英文中有时也使用排比句式，这种句式整齐而有气势，又不会使人感到单调。例如，如“读书使我们聪明，锻炼使我们强健”，可以这样表达： Reading makes us wise while exercises make us strong. 3.重复英文一般讲求简洁，因此为表达强调偶尔使用重复可以使语句的强调内容得到突出。英文的重复又根据被重复词语在语句中的位置分为句首重复、句尾重复、首尾重复、尾首重复等。 1）如“现在是忘掉过去一切的时候了。现在是言归正传的时候了。现在是为未来而奋斗的时候了”，可以这样表达： Now is the time to forget everything in the past. Now is the time to get down to the business. Now is the time to work hard for the future.（注：此句为句首重复，重复部分为句首的now it the time to） 2）如“我们渴望成功，而且正在为成功而努力工作”，可以这样表达： We long for success and we are working hard for success.（注：此句为句尾重复，重复的部分为句尾的for success.） 3）如“我相信我们能够成功，我相信我们也一定会成功”，可以这样表达： I am convinced that we can succeed，and Iam convinced that we must succeed.（注：and所连接的两个语句的句首与句尾部分同时重复，重复的部分为句首的I am convinced that与句尾的succeed）
英语写作常用修辞手法
英语写作常用修辞手法 英语中的修辞与汉语的修辞相比,分类细,种类多.下面将英语的修辞简单介绍如下: 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as c cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.
II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory. 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap. 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物. 例如: 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音. 2>.Taste the music of Mozart.
英语修辞简介
Some Common Forms of Figures of Speech 宋德文（讲义） Figures of speech are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech. 原文作者在文章中使用修辞手法，是为了使语言更加形象生动，鲜明突出；或者使语言更加整齐匀称，音调铿锵，以便更深入地阐明事件的意义或刻画人物的性格。因此，译文中若不能正确表现原文的修辞格，就不能准确地表达作者的思想和文风，就不符合“忠实、通顺”的翻译标准。 修辞(figures of speech / rhetorical devices / rhetoric) 大体分为三类： 音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices) 词义修辞格(semantic rhetorical devices) 句法修辞格(syntactical rhetorical devices) （一）音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices) 1. Alliteration: (头韵) It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free. 头韵与拟声修辞方式能使语言具有音韵美，可增加口头或书面表达的实际音感，给人以声情并茂的美感。 Alliteration就是在一个词组或一个诗行中，有两个以上彼此靠近的词，其开头的音节（或其他重读音节）具有同样的字母或声音. Peter Piper picked a peck of picking pepper.（alliteration） Clear as crystal 水晶般的清莹 Now or never 机不可失，时不再来 Safe and sound 安然无恙 To many parents, the three Gs--- gays, guns and gangs ---have replaced the three Rs as benchmarks of schools life. Spare the rod, and spoil the child. China 's cities, after decades of bolted doors and barred windows, are suddenly being opened to sweeping changes. No mill , no meal . No song , no supper . No cross , no crown . Sea , sun, sand, seclusion ---and Spain . 海滨，阳光，沙滩，有静--- 更有西班牙风情。 book name or title Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见
高考英语作文常用的12个修辞手法
高考英语作文常用的12个修辞手法 文章最忌语言枯燥无味，一篇好的作文，语言应该生动形象。而恰当地运用修辞手法，可以使文字新鲜活泼、具体逼真，大大增强艺术表现力，扩大语言表达的范围；而且还可以激发读者的想象，给人留下深刻的印象。下面介绍一些英语作文中常用的修辞手法。 1、比喻 (metaphor) 比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻： 明喻 (simile)： 用like， as， as。。。as， as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如： O my love’s like a red， red rose。我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The man can’t be trusted。 He is as slippery as an eel。那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 He jumped as if he had been stung。他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。 Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream。童年就像一场疾逝的梦。 暗喻 (metaphor)： 用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事
物。例如： He has a heart of stone。他有一颗铁石心肠。 The world is a stage。世界是一个大舞台。 2、换喻(metonymy) 用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the White House 代替美国政府或者总统，用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol，用the bar 来代替the legal profession，用 crown代替 king等。例如： His purse would not allow him that luxury。他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。 The mother did her best to take care of the cradle。母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。 He succeeded to the crown in 1848。他在1848年继承了王位。 3、提喻 (synecdoche) 指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如： He earns his bread by writing。他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The farms were short of hands during the harvest season。在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat Canada at cricket。澳大利亚队在板球
英语写作与修辞练习题
I.Revise the following sentences 1. Mr. Wang, a man trusted by his leaders and all his fellow workers, known as an expert in computer programming. 2. Flying from Beijing to London three days ago and back to Beijing yesterday, jet lag is troubling him. 3. When the meeting between the director of our company and the representative of the American company came to an end, he expressed satisfaction with the result. 4. He had a long talk with the visiting delegation, he mentioned all the problems that remained to be solved, however, no agreement was reached in the end. 5. They had a long discussion, nevertheless, they came to no conclusion. 6. While he was in Shanghai, he has visited the newly developed area in Pudong, and is deeply impressed by the prosperity he has seen. 7. This grammar book is a better one as far as I know. 8. She hurried back because she didn't know that the meeting was put off. 9. I entered her office and found she talked with two guests. 10. There are more books in their library than my school.
英语修辞赏析
英语修辞赏析 英语中的修辞决非“文学语言”之专利，它已渗透到各种体裁，各类文体。即使是在Internet上，我们每日也能欣赏到五光十色、美不胜收的英语修辞。如：1. U.S. stocks decline; global markets churn（平行结构）2. Hurricane Bonnie hammers Carolina coast（比喻）等。再以科技英语为例，原本一本正经、味同嚼蜡的中科技英语也经常闪现修辞的光彩，如：Electric power becomes the servant of man only after the motor was invented.（只是在电动机发明之后，电力才开始造福人类。）再如：Alloys belong to a half-way house between mixture and compounds.（合金是介于混合物和化合物的中间物质。）英语广告对于修辞的运用更是“穷凶极恶”。如：What is your choice when inflation is slowly eroding the value of your nest eggs? （这是一家投资公司的广告，它把你平日的积蓄比作nest eggs，比喻独到，形象鲜活。）再如：Wash the big city right out of your hair. （广告里的big city即刻让人意识到the dirt of the big city，生动形象。） 英语的修辞可以分为消极修辞和积极修辞两大类。 一、消极修辞(Passive Rhetoric Techniques) 它主要指那些没有相对固定格式的修辞性写作技巧，它与语法、语言结构和词汇的关系密切，只是为了修辞和立意新颖的缘故，对之做了一些调整。举一种情况进行说明：为了增加文采，强化文章的表现力，常常避免重复使用同一个词汇，而另选他词。这种无固定格式可循的消极修辞手段被称为Elegant V ariation（求雅换词）。 求雅换词的手法之一是大字小用，或小词大用。如：Don’t take the low-fat label as a license to eat. 句子写得精彩，最难忘的是其中license一词。它是用途很广的大词。用在这里给人一种“头小帽大”的感觉，新颖别致。译文很难挽留此韵。（不能因为食品标明低脂肪，而敞开食用。）再如：If the term sounds unscientific to 20th-century ears, let us remember there is a definite connection between marshy lands and malaria… （如果这个术语对生活在20世纪的人听来不科学的话，那就让我们记住在沼泽地和疟疾之间有一定的联系……）。求雅换词的手法之二是科技词汇和日常用词的“错位”。如：Na?ve rats and frogs are said to have reacted wildly to such proposed experimented situation. Na?ve用于现代生物学时的含义为：not previously subjected to experimentation or a particular experimented situation.（据说，首次用来作实验的鼠和蛙对这种设定的环境改变都有剧烈反应。）再如：However, there are plenty of people who like tennis. It is the megagame. Mega的含义是兆，百万，是一个科技英语的词缀。使用在这里新义溢出。（但是许许多多的人喜欢网球，这是一项十分普及的运动。） 二、积极修辞(Active Rhetoric Techniques) 它主要指那些有相对固定格式的修辞性写作技巧。常见分类如下： 1．词义修辞格(Lexical Stylistic Devices)
英语修辞手法
英语常用修辞 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。或者说是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as c cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 4>.This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。 5>.He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 6>.It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。 7>.Carlos Lehder was to cocaine transportation what Henry Ford was to cars. 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 子子
英语修辞与写作
第一章明喻、暗喻、换喻、提喻 第一节明喻 1.1.1 明喻(Simile)的定义 The definition of simile-A simile is a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind by using the words:as,like,as…as,etc. Another definition:A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another,in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image.It is an explicit comparison(as opposed to the metaphor where the comparison is implicit)recognizable by the use of the word“like”or“as”. 有学者认为,“一事物”可称为“本体”,而“另一事物”最好称为“喻体”。请看例句: New China is like a red sun rising in the east. (本体)(比喻词)(喻体) 从例句结构上看,明喻包括“本体”(subject or tenor)和“喻体”(reference or vehicle)。本体指被比喻的对象,喻体指用来做比喻的对象,比喻词用在本体和喻体之间起连接介绍作用。从词源上讲,simile源于拉丁词similis,其意义相当于英语介词like(像)。弄明白了本体、喻体和比喻词,对于理解和掌握明喻是大有裨益的。 1.1.2 明喻的例解 1.1. 2.1 用like或as引导 1.My heart is like a singing bird.(C.G Rossetti:A Birthday) 我的心如小鸟在歌唱。 2.I wondered lonely as a cloud.(W.Wordsworth:The Daffodils) 我像一朵白云在独自漫游。 3.He bellowed like a bull seeking combat. 他像寻衅的公牛一样怒吼。
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