八上英语语法知识点
八年级上册语法
Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?
一.固定短语：
（1）go on vacation/holiday 去度假
take a vacation/holiday 度假
（2）stay at home 呆在家
（3）go to the mountains 去爬山
（4）go to the beach去沙滩
（5）visit museums 参观博物馆（6）go to summer camp 去夏令营(7) visit my uncle 看望我的叔叔（8）quite a few(+可数名词复数)
=quite a lot of 相当多，不少（9）study for……为…而学习（10）go out 出去
（11）most of the time 大多数时间（12）taste good 尝起来不错（13）have a good time过得愉快（14）of course 当然
= sure= certainly （15）feel like 给….的感觉，感受到feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
（16）go shopping 去买东西
（17）in the past 在过去
（18）walk around…..四处走走
（19）too many(+ 可数名词复数) 太多
too much（+不可数名词）太多
much too+ 形太…
（12）because of + n./pron./v-ing 因为because + 句子
（14）one bowl of 一碗…
（16）find out 查明，弄清（18）take photos 照相
（19）something important 重要的事情（20）up and down 上上下下
（21）come up 上来
（22）come down 下来
（23）make a difference 有影响，起作用
二.词的用法：
（1）buy sth for sb./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物（2）taste + adj. 尝起来……
look + adj 看起来
（3）nothing ….but + 动词原形
n ot… anything =nothing
（4）seem + (to be) + adj 看起来
（5）arrive in + 大地点
arrive at + 小地点到达某地
reach+ 地点到达某地
get to +地点到达某地
（注：若地点为副词home/there/here则
要省掉介词）
（6）decide to do sth. 决定做某事
= make a decision/resolution to do sth.（7）try doing sth. 尝试做某事
try t o do sth. 尽力/努力/设法做某事
try one’s best to do sth尽力做某事
try过去式：tried, 三单：tries
（8）enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
（9）want to do sth.想去做某事
（10）start / begin doing sth. 开始做某事
start / begin to do sth. 开始做某事（11）stop doing sth. 停止正在做的某事
stop to do sth 停下来做(另一件)某事（12）dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
dislike to do sth. 不喜欢做某事
（13）Why not do sth. 为什么不做…….呢？
=Why don‘t you do sth.
（14）so + 形 + that + 从句 如此…以至于
（15）tell sb. (not) to do sth.
告诉某人（不要）做某事
（16）keep doing sth. 一直做某事
Keep （on ）doing sth. 坚持/继续做某事 （17）forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 （remember 记得， 用法一样） （18）wait for sb./ sth. 等待某人或某物
（19）seem 的用法： seem + 形容词 看起来….. You seem happy today.
seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold. No one seemed to be bored.
It seems / seemed that+ 句子 看起来好像…；似乎…. It seems that no one believe s you.
(21) over 介词，多于，超过，在…以上（表示数目、程度）= more than
(22) because of
因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。
because
连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。
(23) enough 用法：enough 用在名前形副后（enough 用在名词前形容词副词后）
名前: enough money /time My father didn‘t bring enough money.
形副后: happy enough
fast enough
1. people can live to 100,but people can live to 150.
2. There is time left, I don‘t catch the first bus.
3. Could you give me milk?
(26)none / no one 的区别：
none 指人或物，强调数量，用how many 提问，常与of 连用。
no one 多指人，强调―无人‖这种状态，用who 提问，不可与of 连用，作主语时，其谓语动词用
第三人称单数形式。
1、 of the pens are mine .
2、 is in the classroom.
三.重点语法：
1.一般过去时：
1） 一般过去时的含义：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或事情。
2） 时间标志词：yesterday, last night/week/month/year, three days ago ，just now, the day before
yesterday, this morning,a moment ago, yesterdaymorning/ afternoon/evening, in2000, that day 等
过去时间的词。
3）
4) （1）含有be 动词的一般过去式句型：
肯定句：主语+ was/were+其它. He was a primary school student last year.
否定句：主语+wasn ‘t/ weren ‘t+ 其它。He wasn ‘t a primary school student last year.
一般疑问句：was/ were+主语+ 其它? Was he a primary school student last year?
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其它？What was he last year?
（2）不含be 动词的一般过去式句型（含实义动词）：借助于助动词did/didn ‘t
肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其它. Tom lived in the US two years ago.
否定句：主语+didn ‘t+动词原形+其它. Tom didn ‘t live in the US two years ago.
一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它?
Did Tom live in the US two years ago?
肯定回答：Yes, 主语 did.
Yes, he did.
否定回答：No, 主语 didn ‘t. No, he didn ‘t.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?
Where did Tom live in the US two years ago?
练习：
1.Tom and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month.
2.Mike _________________(not go) to bed until 12 o‘clock last night. So I _______ (get ) up late.
3.Mary __________ (read) English yesterday morning.
4.There _________ (be) no one here a moment ago.
5.I ___________ (call) Mike this morning.
6.What __________ (make) him cry (哭) just now?
7.There __________ not enough people to pick apples that day. ( be)
8.There _____________ any hospitals (医院) in my hometown (家乡) in 1940. ( be not)
2. 复合不定代词：
（1）复合不定代词：something, anything, everything, nothing, someone, anyone, everyone, no one,
somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere
interesting?
当any~用于肯定句中，表示任何~。
（4）复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
练习：
( ) 1. I‘m hungry. I want ______ to eat.
A. anything
B. something
C. everything
D. nothing ( ) 2. —Do you have ______ to say for yourself? —No, I have ______ to say.
A. something; everything
B. nothing; something
C. everything; anything
D. anything; nothing
( ) 3. Why not ask ______ to help you?
A. everyone
B. someone
C. anyone
D. none
( ) 4. Everything ______ ready. We can start now.
A. are
B. is
C. be
D. were
( ) 5. There‘s ______ with his eyes. He‘s OK.
A. anything wrong
B. wrong something
C. nothing wrong
D. wrong nothing
( ) 6. —The story is so amazing! It‘s the most interesting story I‘ve ever read.
—But I‘m afraid it won‘t be liked by ______.
A. everybody
B. somebody
C. anybody
D. nobody
( ) 7. She listened carefully, but heard ______.
A. anyone
B. someone
C. everyone
D. nothing
( ) 8. I agree with most of what you said, but I don‘t agree with ______.
A. everything
B. anything
C. something
D. nothing
( ) 9. —Everyone is here today, ______? —No, Han Mei isn‘t here. She‘s ill.
A. isn‘t it
B. isn‘t he
C. are they
D. isn‘t everyone
( ) 10. Everything goes well, ______?
A. is it
B. isn‘t it
C. do they
D. doesn‘t it
答案:1B 2D 3B 4B 5C 6A 7D 8A 9B 10D
3.感叹句：
一. 由what 引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种：
(1)― What + a/an ＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！‖。
What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊！
What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊！
(2) ― What ＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！‖。
What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！
What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子啊！
(3) ― What ＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！‖。如：
What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊！
What important news it is! 多重要的新闻啊！
二. 由how 引导的感叹句，其句子结构也分为三种：
(1) ― How ＋形容词＋a/an ＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！‖。如：How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！
(2) ― How ＋形容词/ 副词＋主语＋谓语！‖。如：
How careful she is! 她多么细心啊！
How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊！
(3) ― How ＋主语＋谓语！‖。如：
How time flies! 光阴似箭！
练习：
1. _______ fast the boy ran!
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
2. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances!
A. How, how
B. What, what
C. How, what
D. What, how
3. ________ delicious the soup is! I‘d like some more.
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
4. _______ fools they were! They believed what the man said.
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
5. _______ foolish they were! They believed what the man said.
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
6. _______ difficult questions they are! I can‘t answer them.
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
7. I miss my friend very much. _______ I want to see her!
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
8. _______ lovely weather we are having these days!
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
9. _______ beautiful your new dress is!
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
10. _______ interesting work it is to teach children!
A. How
B. How an
C. What
D. What an
BAACA CACAC
Unit 2How often do you exercise?
一．固定短语：
（1）help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事（2）go shopping 去买东西（3）on weekends 在周末
（4）how often 多少次
（5）hardly ever几乎从不（6）once a week 一星期一次
（7）twice a month 一个月两次
（8）go to the movies 去看电影
（9）every day 每天
（10）use the Internet =go online上网
（11）be free＝be not busy=have time 有空（12）have dance and piano lessons
上舞蹈和钢琴课
（13）swing dance 摇摆舞
（14）play tennis 打乒乓球
（15）stay up late熬夜到很晚
（16）go to sleep 睡觉
（17）go to bed上床睡觉
（18）at least 至少，不少于，起码（19）go to bed early 上床睡觉早（20）play sports 做运动
（21）be good for 对….有好处（22）be good at doing sth擅长做某事（23）go camping去野营（24）in one‘s free time 在某人的业余时间里（25）the most popular 最受欢迎的（26）such as 例如….像….这样（27）go to the dentist看牙科医生
（28）more than 多于
（29）less than 少于
（30）old habits lie hard 旧习难改
（31）junk food垃圾食品
（32）take care of sb 照料某人
（33）look after sb照顾某人
（34）have to do sth必须做某事
（35）get in…进入…
（36）be late for… =arrive late for……迟到be late for school=arrive late for school
（37）eat a healthy breakfast 吃一份健康的早餐
二．词的用法：
1. help sb. with sth＝help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
2. How/What about doing sth? 关于做某事怎么样？
3. be healthy for …对…是健康的
4. How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句….有多少…..
How much +不可数名词+一般疑问句
5. 主语+ find+ that 从句sb.发现…
6. It‘s + 形+ to do sth. 做某事是….的
7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光
8. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事
9. by doing sth. 通过做某事
10. What‘s your favorite+单名? 你最喜欢的…是什么？
11 start doing sth. =start to do sth. 开始做某事
12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式
13.be full of=be filled with装满
14. not….at all 一点儿也不
15. the answers to question 问题的答案（the key to……的钥匙）
16.keep/be/stay healthy=keep/be in good health 保持健康
17.be good for(反：be bad for) 对…有好处
18. be good at doing sth. =do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事
19. be good to sb. =be friendly to sb 对某人友好
20. be good with sb. =get on well with sb. 与某人相处得好
21. use sth. for fun 使用某物来玩
22. 基数词-year-old（5-year-old）多少岁的(5岁的)
基数词+years old （5 years old）多少岁(5岁)
23. favorite sth. =like sth.best 最喜欢sth.
25. twice = two times 两次
26.free 空闲的，有空的，反义词为busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于have time.
I‘ll be free next week. = I‘ll have time next week.
27.How come？怎么会？怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个
问句，相当于疑问句why, 但how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。
How come Tom didn‘t come to the party? = Why didn‘t Tom come to the party?
28.stay up late 指―熬夜到很晚，迟睡‖。Don‘t stay up late next time.
stay up 指―熬夜，不睡觉‖。He stayed up all night to write his story.
29.go to bed 强调―上床睡觉‖的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven last night.
go to sleep 强调―入睡，睡着，进入梦乡‖。She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.
30.find + 宾语+名词, 发现：We have found him (to be) a good boy.
find + 宾语+ 形容词，发现：He found the room dirty.
find + 宾语+ 现在分词，发现：I found her standing at the door.
31.percent 百分数，基数词+ percent
percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。
Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passes.
32.more than 超过，多于，不仅仅，相当于over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。
反义词组为：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.
33. afraid 形容词，担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。
I‘m afraid we can‘t come here on time.
be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人/ 某事；
be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。
be afraid to do sth 不敢做某事
I‘m afraid + 从句，恐怕，担心：
Some children are afraid of the dark. Don‘t be afraid of asking question.
I‘m afraid to tell my father. I‘m afraid I have to go now.
34. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别：
sometimes 频度副词，有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或
sometime 副词，某时。表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when.
some times 名词词组，几次，几倍。其中time 是可数名词，对它提问用how many times.
some time 名词短语，一段时间. 表示―一段时间‖时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，
35.how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，twice, three times 等词语。
How often do you play sports? Three times a week.
how long 多长时间，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。
How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?
how far 多远，用来询问距离，指路程的远近。
How far is it from here to the park? It‘s about 2 kilometers.
how soon, 多久, 用来询问多快。How soon will you finish your work? In two days.
三．重点语法：
频度副词：
1）定义：表示频率副词叫做频度副词。
2
3）用法：频度副词在句中位于be动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之前。对频度副词提问用how often.
How often do you exercise? Three times a week.
4）次数表达方法：除once, twice(two times),其他都用: 基数词+times.
如：three times, ten times
练习：
1. -Does Alice often work until 2 a.m.?
-No, she ________ does.
A. nearly
B. certainly
C. seldom
D. always
2. –I didn‘t know you take a bus to school.
-Oh, I ______ take a bus, but it is snowing today.
A. hardly
B. never
C. sometimes
D. usually
3. -Were you often late for school last term, Tom?
-No, _______. I got to school early every day.
A. Always
B. Usually
C. Sometimes
D. Never
4. –How often do you go to a concert?
-_______ ever. I‘m not interested in that at all.
A. Usually
B. Hardly
C. Almost
D. Never
5. -John sings so well. Has he ever been trained?
-No. He learns all by himself. He ________ goes to any training class.
A. usually
B. often
C. never
D. even
6. –Miss Gao is very popular with her students.
-Yes. Her classes are ______ lively and interesting.
A. seldom
B. never
C. sometimes
D. always
7. We are going to have a party ________ next week.
A. sometime
B. some time
C. sometimes
D. some times
8. Sandy is so careful that she ________ makes mistakes in her homework.
A. usually
B. seldom
C. often
D. always
Unit 3 I‘m more outgoing than my sister
一．重点短语：
（1）more outgoing更外向(15）want to do sth.想要做某事
（2）the singing competition唱歌比赛(16）be similar to与……相像的/类似的（3）the same as和……相同；与……一致（17）be different from与……不同（4）care about关心；介意（18）be like a mirror像一面镜子（5）the most important最重要的（19）as long as只要；既然
（6）bring out使显现；使表现出（20）get better grades取得更好的成绩（7）reach for伸手取（21）in fact事实上；实际上
（8）make friends交朋友（22）the other其他的
（9）touch one‘s heart感动某人（23）be talented in music有音乐天赋（10）be good at擅长…… （24）be good withsb.与sb.相处得好（11）have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣（25）a good listener 一个好听众
（12）make sb. do sth.让某人做某事（26）should do sth. 应该做某事
（26）make sb./sth.+ 形使某人/某物…
（27）as +形/副的原形+as 与……一样……
（28）It‘s（not）necessary for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事是（不）必须的。
（29）be talented in doing sth 在做sth.方面有天赋
二．词的用法：
（1）laugh v. & n. 笑
We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。
He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。
laugh at sb. 嘲笑sb.
Don‘t laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。
名词：笑；笑声We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。
（2）though conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管= although
Though it was raining，he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。
Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。
注意：在though引导的从句后不使用but。如：
Though he was poor，but he was happy.（误）
though adv.. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。
Jim said that he would come, he didn‘t, though.
(3) for example, like, such as 比如，例如
for example, 后有逗号,单独使用，后不加任何词。
like与such as 不能单独使用，后可接名词,代词,动词ing。
三．重点语法：
一、形容词/副词比较级和最高级
大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：
1）原级（不作比较），修饰词very, so, too, pretty, really；
2）比较级，表示―较……‖或―更……‖的意思（两者之间进行比较）, 标志词than, A or B, of the two, 修饰词much, a lot, little；
3）最高级，表示―最……‖的意思（三者或三者以上作比较），形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带in（of）短语来什么比较的范围。
形容词/副词原形变的比较级和最高级的规则：
比较级含义：表示两者（人或事）的比较。
比较级结构：含有形容词或副词比较级的主句+than 引导的从句。（当than前后所使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词。该动词或助动词可以省略。）
比较级句型：
1）含be动词的比较级句型：
肯定句：主语+be+形容词比较级+than+比较对象。I‘m more outgoing than my sister.
否定句：主语+be not+形容词比较级+than+比较对象。I‘m not more outgoing than my sister.
一般疑问句：Be+主语+形容词比较级+than+比较对象？Are you more outgoing than you sister?
2）含实义动词的比较级句型：
肯定句：主语+实义动词+副词比较级+than+比较对象。He runs faster than me.
否定句：主语+don‘t/doesn‘t+实义动词+副词比较级+than+比较对象. He doesn‘t run faster than me. 一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+实义动词+副词比较级+than+比较对象? Does he run faster than you? 3) as+形容词或副词原形+as …表示“与…一样”
not as/ so + 形容词或副词原形+as,“不如…‖
He is as smart as me. He thinks as quickly as his brother. Is your sister as popular as you? Tom isn‘t as/so tall as Jim. He doesn‘t run as/so fast as me.
4) 比较级+and+比较级
more and more + 部分双音节或多音节词, 意为：越来越…, 表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长。
My father is heavier and heavier. The girl is more and more beautiful.
5) the+比较级，the+比较级，意为：越…, 越….，表示一方的程度随另一方的变化而平行变化。
The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
6)Which/Who +be+ 比较级，A or B ? 表示A 和B，哪一个/谁更…？
Which is better, the blue hat or the red one?
Who is more hard-working, Lucy or Lily?
7) A+ be+ the + 比较级+of + the two(…) 表示A是两者之中较…的一个。
The apple is the bigger of the two.
特别注意：比较级前可用a lot, a little, a bit, much, even 和still等词修饰可说明程度。
I‘m a little smarter than you. He feels even worse than before.
She is much more outgoing than me.
练习：
1.He ran ______ than all the others. He ran _______ of all. ( fast )
2. James played as ______ as you. Mary played _______of all. ( well )
3. She waited ________ than she usually did. ( long )
4. I walked _______ than the rest.
I walked _______ of all. ( far )
5.My friend came ________ than Pual and Mike. ( late )
6.Among the three boys he works ________. ( hard )
7.Bob left school ______ in his class yesterday. ( late )
8.He swims as ______ as I do. ( badly )
9.Who did _______ in the 100-metre race, Jim or Tim? ( badly )
10. Both Li Ming and Li Hong sang __________, but I sang _______ of all. ( badly )
11. Peter is as _____as Tom. Benny is _____ than Tom. David is ______ of all. ( fat )
二、反意疑问句
1.概念：表示对所提问的看法没有把握，需要对方证实。即附加疑问句。
2.结构：（前）陈述句，（后）简短疑问句。
3.肯定回答用Yes, 否定回答用No
4. 速记口诀：前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定，前be动后be动，前情态动词后情态动词，前无be动或
情态动词后要借助于助动词do/does/did，前后时态要一致。
5.注意：（1）当陈述句主语是this, that，附加疑问句主语用it；当陈述句主语是these, those时，附加
疑问句主语用they.
（2）在There be 结构中，附加疑问句的主语用there.
He is fat, isn‘t he? You can dance, can‘t you? He went to work, didn‘t he? They don‘t work hard, do they? There are lots of books, aren‘t there? This is Tara, isn‘t it?
----That‘s Tina, isn‘t it? ---Yes, it is. 或---No, it isn‘t.
练习：
1. Linda ate nothing this morning, ___?
A. didn‘t she
B. was she
C. did she
D. wasn‘t she
2. There‘s hardly___ milk in the bottle, _____there?
A. no, isn‘t
B. some, is
C. little, isn‘t
D. any, is
3. He has never ridden a horse before, ___?
A. does he
B. has he
C. hasn‘t he
D. doesn‘t he
4. — He seldom came here, _____?
— Yes sir.
A. didn‘t he
B. does he
C. doesn‘t he
D. did he
5. Everything seems all right, _____ ?
A. does it
B. don‘t they
C. won‘t it
D. doesn‘t it
7. One can‘t be too modest, can _____ ?
A. one
B. he
C. it
D. we
8. No one failed in the exam, _____ ?
A. was he
B. did one
C. did they
D. didn‘t he
10. Neither you nor I am a artist, _____ ?
A. am I
B. aren‘t we
C. are we
D. am n‘t I
1-5 CABCA 6-10 ACBDB
Unit 4 What‘s the best movie theater?
一．重点短语：
（1）movie theater电影院（2）be close to…离……近(反：be far from) （3）clothes store服装店（4）in town在镇上
（5）so far（by now）到目前为止（6）10 minutes by bus坐公车10分钟的路程（7）talent show才艺表演（8）have….in common 有相同特征
（9）around the world世界各地；全世界（10）more and more……越来越……
（11）and so on等等（12）all kinds of……各种各样的
（13）be up to是……的职责；由……决定（14）not everybody并不是每个人
（15）make up编造（故事、谎言等）（16）in fact 事实上，实际上
（17）play a role in doing sth. 发挥做某事的作用（18）no problem 没什么，别客气
（19）for example例如（20）take…seriously认真对待
（21）give sb. sth.= give sth. to sb.给某人某物（22）come true（梦想、希望）实现；达到
（23）Thanks for doing sth.因做某事而感谢。（24）look for 寻找
（25）much+ 形./副的比较级……得多（26）watch sb. do sth.观看某人做某事的全过程（27）make sb‘s dreams come true 使某人的梦想成真watch sb. doing sth. 观看某人正在做某事（28）one of+可数名词的复数…中的其中之一（29）Can I ask you some…?我能问你一些……吗？
（30）How do you like sth.? = What do you think of sth.?你认为…怎么样?
（32）how much…?多少钱？（33）How far……?多远？
（34）How many……?多少？（35）How long…..?多长？
二．词的用法：
1.be up to是……的职责；由……决定，主语常是it, this, that. It‘s up to you.
2.no problems 用来回答答谢时，译为：不用谢，不客气
用来回答道谢时：没关系，没什么
用来愉快的答应别人的请求时：没问题，小事一桩
三．重要语法：
（一）．形容词副词最高级：
1.概念：表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较，其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个。
（后可用of(in) 短语或定语从句等来划定比较的范围。形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词the,副词最高级前的the可省去。）
2. 常用句型：
1). 主语+谓语动词+the+形/副最高级+of(in)+范围。
He is the tallest in our class. I run the most slowly of the three.
2). 特殊疑问词+谓语动词+形/副最高级，A, B or C?
Who is the most beautiful, Lily, Lucy or Cindy?
Which is the best, Town Cinema, Moon Cinema or Screen Cinema?
3). the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词单数。第几…
Huang River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。
Hainan is the second largest island in China.海南是中国第二大岛。
4). one of +the+形容词最高级+名词复数最…之一
I‘m one of the most hard-working students in our class.
(二)复习名词所有格:表示―某人的‖ , 其结构为：‘s 。
其规则如下:
（1）一般情况下,名词后直接加‘s: Jim‘s (吉姆的); my mother‘s(我的母亲的)
（2）以s 结尾的复数名词,直接加‘: my friends‘ (我的朋友的);his students‘
（3）表示各自所有的东西，要在每个人后面加‘s; 表示几个人共同拥有的东西, 只需要在最后一个人后面加‘s。即：
A‘s and B‘s +复数名词：A和B各自所有的东西（2个）
A and B‘s +单数名词：A和B共同拥有的东西（1个）
例：Jim’s and Kate’s aunts 吉姆的阿姨和凯特的阿姨
Jim and Kate’s birthday 吉姆和凯特(共有)的生日
（4）表示住宅、诊所、商店等名词常用所有格表示所在地点。
at the doctor‘s 在诊所at the teacher‘在老师办公室at Miller‘s 在米勒家
练习：
( )1. The ____ meeting room is near the reading room.
A. teacher
B. teacher‘s
C. teachers‘
D. teachers
( )2.___ shirt is white.
A. My brother
B. My brothers
C. My brother‘s
D. My brothers‘
( )3. Today is September 10th. It is ____ Day.
A. Teachers
B. Teachers‘
C. the Teachers‘
D. Teacher‘s
( )4. It's June 1st, it's _______ Day.
A. Childrens
B. Children?s
C. Childrens'
D. Childrens's
( )5. This year, _______ is on May 9th.
A. my mother's birthday
B. my mothers' brithday
C. my mothers birthday
D. my mothers's birthday
( )6. This is ___ .
A. Mike and Jim's bike
B. Mike's and Jim bike
C. Mike's and Jim's bike
D.Mike and Jim bike
(三)、关于部分否定
all, both, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere, many, much, every 与not 连用表示部分否定。Not everyone enjoys watching game shows. 并不是每个人都喜欢看游戏节目。
Not all students like to eat dumplings. 并不是所有学生都喜欢吃饺子。
Unite 5 Do you want to watch a game show?
一．重要短语：
（1）find out 查明，弄清（2）be ready to do sth 准备好做某事…
（3）dress up 装扮，乔装打扮（4）take sb‘s place to do sth. 代替，替换某人做某事（5）do a good job 干得好（6）think of +名词或动词短语认为….
（7）game shows 游戏节目（8）learn from sb.向sb.学习
（9）talk shows 脱口秀（10）soap opera肥皂剧
（11）go on 发生（12）watch a movie观看一场电影
（13）one of the main reasons 最主要的原因之一（14）watch a sitcom观看一部情景喜剧
（15）action movies 动作电影（16）come out 出现，发行
（17）try sb‘s best to do ath. 尽力sb. 最大努力去做某事（18）a pair of 一双，一对…
（19）as famous as 一样著名（20）look like 看起来像
（21）around the world =all over the world 世界各地
（22）have a discussion about sth.就sth.讨论
（23）one day 有一天（24）such as 比如
（25）a symbol of 一个...的象征（26）something enjoyable令人愉快的东西（27）interesting information有趣的资料（28）happen to do sth.碰巧做某事
（29）TV shows 电视节目（30）be famous for 因…而著名
（31）be famous as 作为…而著名
二．词的用法：
（1）let sb do sth. 让某人做某事（2）plan to do sth.计划做某事
（3）hope to do sth. 希望做某事（4）mind doing sth 介意做某事
（5）expect to do sth. 期待做某事
（6）How（what）about doing…做某事怎么样？
（7）be always ready to do sth. 总是准备做某事
（8）become +形变得…..
（9）not so …..as 不像…那样….；不如…..这么…
（10）thank you for doing sth 谢谢你做某事= thanks for doing sth.
（11）love doing sth 喜爱做某事
（12）sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上
（13）区分the other, the others, other, others, another
the other 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个……另一个……时，常用one …the other…。例：
He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.
the others 特指某一范围内的其他的（人或物），是the other的复数形式，相当于the other+复数名词。the other + 复数名词= any other + 名词单数。例：
You two stay here, the others go with me.
other 作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例：
We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects.
others 作代词，泛指―其他的人或物‖。例：
Some students are doing homework,others are talking loudly.
another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的―另一个‖，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：
I don‘t like this one. Please show me another one.
（14）find out 查明，弄清楚，find 找到
Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing.
（15）go on 发生，与take place 同义
I wonder what was going on.
（16）happen v.发生，一般指偶然发生，主语为事，不能为人。
Sth + happens to sb. A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday.
Sth + happens + 地点/时间，意为：某地/某时发生了某事
An accident happened on Park Street.
Happen v，表示―碰巧‖，主语可以是人，后常跟动词不定式to,表示―碰巧……‖.
Sb + happens to do sth. I happened to see my uncle on the street.
* take place 意为―发生，举行，举办‖，一般指非偶然性事件的―发生‖，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例：
Great changes have taken place in China. The meeting will take place next Friday.
（17）expect v. 期待，盼望，预期，后常接四种结构：
1)expect + 名词/代词，期待某事/某人，预计……可能发生。
I‘m expecting Li Lin‘s letter.
2)expect to do sth. 预计做某事
Lily expects to come back next week.
3) expect sb. to do sth.
I expect my mother to come back early.
4)expect + 从句预计……
I expected that I‘ll come back next Monday.
（18）serious 严肃的，认真的。He is a serious man.
be serious about sb/sth. 对某人/某事当真
Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her.
be serious about doing sth. 对某事当真
He‘s serious about selling his house.
三．重要语法：
1.只接动词不定式作宾语的常见短语：
decide to do sth. want to do sth. learn to do sth. happen to do sth. plan to do sth.
need to do sth. expect to do sth. hope to do sth. help to do sth. can‘t wait to do sth. promise to do sth.
2.只接动词不定式作宾语补足语的常见短语：
ask sb. to do sth. tell sb. to do sth. teach sb. to do sth.
expect sb. to do sth. want sb. to do sth. help sb. to do sth.
3.接动词不定式作宾语省略to的常见短语: feel, hear, listen to, let, make, have, look at, watch, see, notice, why not.
feel sb. do sth. hear sb. do sth. let/make/have sb. do sth. why not do sth.?
4.只接动-ing作宾语的常见短语：
keep doing sth.be busy doing sth. feel like doing sth. finish doing sth.
practice doing sth. enjoy doing sth. sb. spend time doing sth.
miss doing sth. mind doing sth. can‘t stand doing sth.
5.介词+动-ing的常见短语:
be good at doing sth. be interested in doing sth. thanks for doing sth.
be halfway to doing sth. think about doing sth. look forward to doing sth.
what/how about doing sth.
6.既可接动词不定式又可以接动-ing作宾语的常见短语：
forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做) remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth. 忘记做了某事（已做）remember doing sth. 记得做了某事（已做）try to do sth. 尽力、努力、设法做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
start /begin to do sth. start /begin doing sth. 开始做某事
Unit 6 I‘m going to study computer science
一．重要短语：
1. grow up 成长；长大
2.every day 每天
3.be sure about 对……有把握
4.make sure 确信；务必
5. be sure to do sth. 必定会做某事
6.be able to do sth. 能够做某事
7.the me aning of……的意思 8. another foreign language 另一门外国语
9.write down 写下；记下10.have to do with 关于；与……有关系
11.take up 开始做；学着做12.hardly ever 几乎不；很少
13. get back from…从…回来14.be going to+动词原形打算做某事
15. practice doing 练习做某事16.keep on doing sth. 坚持或继续做某事
17. learn to do sth. 学会做某事18. finish doing sth. 做完某事
19.promise to do sth.许诺去做某事20.remember to do sth. 记住去做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做过了某事
21. agree to do sth. 同意做某事22. move to…搬迁到，迁移到
23. send sth. to sb. 把某物寄/发送给某人=send sb. sth.
24. by Hemingway 由海明威所著25. keep on doing sth.= go on doing sth. 继续做sth.
26. an engineer 一名工程师27. take acting lessons 上表演课
28. take singing lessons 上唱歌课29. a cooking school 一所烹饪学校
30. a race car driver 一名赛车手31. get good grades 取得好成绩
32. make the soccer team 组建足球队33. get lots of exercise 锻炼很多
34. make promises (to do sth.) 许诺35. at the beginning of 在….的开始
36. improve our lives 改善我们的生活37. New Year‘s resolutions 新年决心
38. physical health 身体健康39. have sth.in common在sth.上有共同点
40. too+ 形.+ to do sth. = so + 形+that+否定句太…而不能…
41. a kind of 一种…42. make sb. + 名使某人成为…
kind of = a little 有点儿…make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
all kinds of 各种各样…make sb./sth. +形使某人或某物…
different kinds of 不同种类的
many kinds of…许多种类的
二．词的用法：
1 promise vt. 保证，许诺。有三种结构：
promise to do sth. _____My mother promised to buy a piano for me.
promise sb. sth. _____ My aunt promised me a bike.
promise + that 从句_____ Tom promises that he can return on time.
promise n. 允诺，诺言
Lily is a dishonest girl. She never keeps a promise.
2.when 与while 的区别：
when 表示―当…时候‖，既指时间点，又指一段时间，when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的也可以是延续性的。When the teacher came in, the students were talking.
When she arrives, I‘ll call you.
while 表示―当…时候‖，仅指一段时间，从句中的动作必须是延续性的，一般强调主从句的动作同时发生，while 还可以作并列连词，意为― 而、却‖，表示对比关系。
Lisa was singing while her mother was playing piano.
Tom is strong while his younger brother is week.
3. practice vt. 练习，后接名词，代词或v-ing 作宾语。
Your elder sister is practicing the guitar in the room.
常跟v-ing 作宾语的动词有：
考虑建议盼原谅：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, pardon.
承认推迟没得想：admit, delay/put off, fancy.
避免错过继续练：avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice.
部分完成能欣赏：be halfway to, finish, enjoy, appreciate.
不禁介意与逃亡：can‘t help , mind, escape.
不准冒险凭想象：forbid, risk, imagine.
4. everyday 与every day 区别
everyday adj. 每天的在句中作定语，位于名词前。This is our everyday homework.
every day 副词短语，在句中作状语，位于句首或句末。He reads books every day.
三．重要语法：
be going to 的用法;
1）be going to + 动词原形——表示将来的打算、计划或安排。即：be going to do sth.
2）常与表示将来的tomorrow, next year等将来的时间状语或when 引导的时间状语从句连用。
各种句式变换都借助be 动词完成，be随主语有am, is, are 的变换。
肯定句：主语+ be going to + 动词原形+ 其他。He is going to take the bus there.
否定句：主语+ be not going to + 动词原形+ 其他I‘m not going to see my friends this weekend.一般疑问句：Be + 主语+ going to + 动词原形+ 其他？
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ be. 否定回答：No, 主语+ be not.
Are you going to see your friends this weekend? Yes, I am. / No, I‘m not.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be + 主语+ going to + 动词原形+ 其他？
What is he going to do this weekend? When are you going to see your friends?
2) 如果表示计划去某地，可直接用be going to + 地点
We are going to Beijing for a holiday.
3) 表示位置移动的动词，如go , come, leave 等常用进行时表示将来。
The bus is coming. My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week.
练习：
-What are you going to do this weekend?
-I am going ____ my grandmother and grandfather.
A. visit
B. to visit
C. visiting
Unit 7 Will people have robots?
一．重点短语：
1. on computers 在电脑上
2. on paper 在纸上
3. live to be 200 years old 活到200岁 3. free time 空闲时间
4. be in (great) danger 处于（极大）危险中
5. on the earth 在地球上
6. play a part in doing sth. 参加做某事
7. space station 太空站
=take part in doing sth. 8. look for 寻找
9. computer programmer 电脑编程人员10. in the future 在将来
11. hundreds of 许多，大量
基数词+hundred 具体的几百12. the same…as 与…一样
13.over and over again 多次，反复地14. get bored 变得无聊
15. wake up 醒来，唤醒（代词放中间）16. look like 看起来像
17. fall down （fell）突然倒塌18. be fun to do sth. 做某事是有趣的
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人教版八年级英语下册重要语法知识点汇总复习课程
人教版八年级英语下册重要语法知识点汇总 人教版八年级英语下册重要语法知识点汇总 1. 否定句型 1) 一般否定句 I don't know this. No news is good news. There is no person (smoke)/not a person/not any person (smoke) in the house. 2)特指否定 He went to his office, not to see him. I am sorry for not coming on time. I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right. 3)部分否定 All the answers are not right//All is not gold that glitters I don't know all of them.//I can't see everybody/everything. Both of them are not right. 4)全体否定 None of my friends smoke.//I can see nothing/nobody. Neither of them is right.//Nothing can be so simple as this. 5) 延续否定 You didn't see him, neither/nor did I. You don't know, I don't know either. He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of (更不用说) French. 6) 半否定句 We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing. I know little English. I saw few people. 7) 双重否定 You can't make something out of nothing.//What's done cannot be undone. There is no sweet without sweat.//No gain without pains. I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.
初三英语语法知识点归纳
初中英语语法速记口诀大全 很多同学认为语法枯燥难学，其实只要用心并采用适当的学习方法，我们就可以愉快地学会英语，掌握语法规则。笔者根据有关书目和多年教学经验，搜集、组编了以下语法口诀，希望对即将参加中考的同学们有所帮助。 一、冠词基本用法 【速记口诀】 名词是秃子，常要戴帽子， 可数名词单，须用a或an， 辅音前用a，an在元音前， 若为特指时，则须用定冠， 复数不可数，泛指the不见， 碰到代词时，冠词均不现。 【妙语诠释】冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一，也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有：①名词在一般情况下不单用，常常要和冠词连用；②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an，确指时要用定冠词the；③如复数名词表示泛指，名词前有this，these，my，some等时就不用冠词。 二、名词单数变复数规则 【速记口诀】 单数变复数，规则要记住， 一般加s，特殊有几处： 末尾字母o，大多加s， 两人有两菜，es不离口， 词尾f、fe，s前有v和e； 没有规则词，必须单独记。 【妙语诠释】①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s，但如果单词以/t?蘩/、/?蘩/、/s/发音结尾(也就是单词如果以ch，sh，s，x等结尾)，则一般加es；②以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro，hero)两菜(tomato，potato) 加es外，其余一般加s；③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f，fe变为ve再加s；④英语中还有些单词没有规则，需要特殊记忆，如child—children，mouse—mice，deer—deer，sheep—sheep，Chinese—Chinese，ox—oxen，man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth —teeth。 三、名词所有格用法 【速记口诀】 名词所有格，表物是“谁的”， 若为生命词，加“’s”即可行， 词尾有s，仅把逗号择； 并列名词后，各自和共有， 前者分别加，后者最后加； 若为无生命词，of所有格， 前后须倒置，此是硬规则。 【妙语诠释】①有生命的名词所有格一般加s，但如果名词以s结尾，则只加“’”；②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时，分别加“’s”，如果是共有，则只在最后名词加“’s”；③
八年级英语语法形容词比较级专项练习
一、写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式： long _________ ______wide _______ _______ thin _________ _______ heavy ________ ______ slow _______ _______few___________ _______ short ________ ______ badly ______ _______far __________ _______ quickly ______ ______happy ______ _______careful ______ _______ 二、用所给词的正确形式填空： 1. She will be much ______ (happy) in her new class. 2. The short one is _______ (useful) of the five. 3. His sister is two years _______ (young) than him. 4. This ruler is twice as ______ (long) as that. 5. The _____ (cheap) bags are usually the best ones. 6. Gold(黄金) is much ______ (expensive)than iron(铁). 7. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother. 8. Jack sings _____ (well), he sings ______(well) than Tom, but Mary sings______(well) in her class. 9. Of the three girls, I find Lucy is _______ (clever). 10. John’s parents have four daughters, and she is _____ (young) child. 三、选择填空： 1.It is _____ today than yesterday. A. hot B. more hot C. hotter D. much hot 2. This line is ____ than that one. A. not longer B. more longer C. much more longer D. many more longer 3. Of the five toys, the child chose_____. A. the expensive one B. one most expensive C. a least expensive D. the most expensive one 4. Which do you like _____, coffee, tea or milk? A. the best B. better C. the better D. best 5. They bet to see who could run _____ in the sports meeting. A. the fastest B. the faster C. fastest D. faster 6. This book is ____ of all.
初三英语语法知识点
1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如：Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如： How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。
3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与Which...? 1. what 与which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如：
小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳
小学英语语法汇总 一、时态 1．一般现在时 （1）表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用“usually通常, often常常, every…每…, sometimes有时，always 总是,”等词。 （1）表示正在发生的动作，通常用“now现在, look看，linsen听”. （2）基本形式：be + 动词ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. What are you doing? Is he reading? （1）表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用“last …上一个…, just now刚才, a moment ago刚才，yesterday 昨天”等词。 （2）be 动词的过去式: am/is—was are—were
不规则动词的变化： 原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式 sweep swept teach taught have had go went keep kept think thought do did find found sleep slept buy bought eat ate say said feel felt drink drank is/am was take took read read give gave are were mean meant put put sing sang drive drove meet met cut cut begin began speak spoke make made let let ring rang write wrote see saw fly flew run ran ride rode come came draw drew sit sat hear heard tell told grow grew learn learned/ learnt get got know knew 4．一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与tomorrow, next Sunday等时间状语连用。 结构：be going to +动词原形或will +动词原形 例如：I’m going to visit my grandpa next week. 三、可数名词的复数形式 1.一般名词：+ s a book –books 2.辅音字母加y结尾：- y+ ies a story—stories 3.以s, x，sh, ch ，结尾：+ es a glass—glasses；a watch-watches 4.以f或fe结尾：- f 或fe 变为ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves 5.特殊的名词复数 man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 四、不可数名词(没有复数形式) bread, rice, water, juice，milk，tea，coffee 五、缩略形式 I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is /he has(got) it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not didn’t=did not weren’t=were not wasn’t=was not let’s=let us I’ll=I will 六、a. an .the的用法 1.单词的第一读音是辅音读音：a book, a peach，a “U” 单词的第一个读音是元音读音：an egg，an hour，an “F” 2.the要注意的：球类前面不加the，乐器前面要加the，序数词前面要加the。 七、介词 1．表示方位：on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.，under 2．表示时间： （1）at : 几点前面用at如：at si x o’clock, 没有day的节日前用at如：at Christmas, 固定词组at the weekends ，at night