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同济大学英文报刊选读期终考试试卷.(样卷)

同济大学课程考核试卷（A 卷） 2010 — 2011 学年第 2 学期

命题教师签名：审核教师签名：

课号：112148 课名：英文报刊选读考试考查：

此卷选为：期中考试( )、期终考试(√ )、重考 ( ) 试卷

Part One Understanding the Styles and Structures of English Newspapers and Magazines (30%)

Section A Inverted Structure (16%)

Directions: In this part, there are two pieces of news that are incomplete. Choose from the lists below the best clause to complete each of them. Then

mark your answer in the corresponding place on your Answer Sheet. (2×8=16 points)

Section B Leads Matching (10%)

Directions:Choose from the list A-J five best headlines for the lead paragraphs in the list 9-13. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.

Section C News Briefs (10%)

Directions:Read the five briefs from China Daily and answer questions 1-5 with a correct choice A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.

14.FORT PIERCE, Florida – Kimberly Bergalis, the first person known to have contracted Aids

from a health care-worker, died on Sunday after a poignant battle for her life and for laws to protect patients.

This story is about ____________________.

(A)Aids.

(B)a health-care worker.

(C)a poignant battle.

(D)an Aids victim.

15.WASHINGTON –U.S. federal officials have seized 23,641 pounds of cocaine (or about 12

tons) hidden inside concrete fencing posts at a warehouse and storage lot at Miami, Florida, according to reports reaching here yesterday.

This story is about ____________________.

(A)U.S. federal officials.

(B)A warehouse.

(C)A report.

(D)A seizure of cocaine.

16.BEIJING –The Friendship Hemodialysis Centre, a Sino-Japanese cooperative venture

equipped with more than 40 pieces of advanced equipment for blood purification, will go into operation at Beijing‘s Sino-Japanese Friendship Hospital in June.

This story is about ____________________.

(A)Beijing‘s Sino-Japanese Friendship Hospital.

(B)advanced equipment for blood purification.

(C)a sino-Japanese cooperative venture.

(D)a blood centre.

17.MOSCOW –Hungry and exhausted passengers stormed an aircraft of The State Airline

Aeroflot and ordered its crew to operate a flight which had been delayed more than 24 hours, Tass news agency reported on Tuesday.

This story is about ____________________.

(A)an aircraft.

(B)a flight.

(C)a long flight delay.

(D)Tass news agency.

18.WELLINGTON – More than 500 policemen from 33 countries have met here at a three-day

triennial International Police Association world congress in a bid to promote ties between police forces throughout the world.

This story is about ____________________.

(A)500 policemen.

(B)The International Police Association.

(C)world police forces.

(D)A world police congress.

Part Two Reading Comprehension (20%)

Directions: There are two passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

Passage One

Literature is at once the most intimate and most articulate of the arts. It cannot impart its effect through the senses or nerves as the other arts can; it is beautiful only through the intelligence; it is the mind speaking to the mind; until it has been put into absolute terms, of an invariable significance, it does not exist at all. It cannot awaken this emotion in one, and that in anther; if it fails to express precisely the meaning of the author, if it does not say him, it says nothing, and is nothing. So that when a poet has put his heart, much or little, into a poem, and sold it to a magazine, the scandal is greater than when a painter has sold a picture to a patron, or a sculptor has modeled a statue to order. These are artists less articulate and less intimate than the poet; they are more exterior to their work; they are less personally in it; they part with less of themselves in the dicker. It does not change the nature of the case to say that Tennyson and Longfellow and Emerson sold the poems in which they couched the most mystical messages their genius was charged to bear mankind. They submitted to the conditions which none can escape; but that does not justify the conditions, which are none the less the conditions of hucksters (小贩) because they are imposed upon poets. If it will serve to make my meaning a little clearer, we will suppose that a poet has been crossed in love, or has suffered some real sorrow, like the loss of a wife or child. He pours out his broken heart in verse that shall bring tears of sacred sympathy from his readers, and an editor pays him a hundred dollars for the right of bringing his verse to their notice. It is perfectly true that the poem was not written for these dollars, but it is perfectly true that it was sold for them. The poet must use his emotions to pay his provision bills; he has no other means; society does not propose to pay his bills for him. Well, and at the end of the ends, the unsophisticated witness finds the transaction ridiculous, finds it repulsive, finds it shabby. Somehow he knows that if our huckstering civilization did not at every moment violate the eternal finess of things, the poet‘s song would have been given to the world, and the poet would have been cared for by the whole human brotherhood, as any man should be who does the duty that every man owes it.

The instinctive sense of the dishonor which money purchase does to art is so strong that sometimes a man of letters who can pay his way otherwise refuses pay for his work, as Lord Byron did, for a whole, from a noble pride, and as Count Tolstoy has tried to do, from a noble conscience. But Byron‘s publisher profited by a generosity that did not reach his readers; and the Countess Tolstoy collects the copyright that her husband foregoes; so that these two eminent instances of protest against business in literature may be said not to have shaken its money basis. I know of no others; but there may be many that I am culpably ignorant of. Still, I doubt if there are enough to affect the fact that Literature is Business as well as Art, and almost as soon. At present business is the only human solidarity; we are all bound together with that chain, what over interests and tastes and principles separate us.

19. A possible title that best expresses the meaning of the passage would be _________.

(A) Literature and the Arts

(B) The State of the Arts

(D) The Man of Letters as a Man of Business

20. According to the author, Lord Byron _________.

(A) refused payment for his work.

(B) combined business with literature

(D) did not copyright his work

21. The author of the passage proposes that writers and artists _________.

(A) attempt to induce society to change its values.

(B) make the best out of a bad situation

(D) adopt the principles of commercialism.

22. The author feels grief at the fact Tennyson, Longfellow and Emerson _________.

(A) all wrote mystical poems.

(B) had to sell their poetry.

(D) were prolific poets

23. The author implies that writers are _________.

(A) not sufficiently paid for their work.

(B) incompetent businessmen.

(D) hucksters

Passage Two

Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspectives on the function of living organism and the nature of matter itself. The invention of the visible light microscope late in the 16th century introduced a previously unknown realm of single-celled plants and animals. In the 20th century, electron microscopes have provided direct views of viruses and minute surface structures. Now another type of microscope, one that uses X-rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of examining tiny details; it should extend human perception

still farther into the natural world.

The dream of building an X-ray microscope dates to 1895. its development, however, was virtually ceased in the 1940s because the development of the electron microscope was progressing rapidly. During the 1940s electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that possible with a visible-light microscope, while the performance of X-ray microscopes resisted improvement. In recent years, however, interest in X-ray microscopes has revived, largely because of advances such as the development of new sources of X-ray illumination. As a result, the brightness available today is millions of times that of X-ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the only available sources of soft X-rays.

The new X-ray microscope considerably improves on the resolution provided by optical microscopes. They can also be used to map the distribution of certain chemical elements. some can form pictures in extremely short times; others hold the promise of special capabilities such as three-dimensional imagining. Unlike conventional electron microscopy, X-ray microscopy enables specimens to be kept in air and water, which means that biological samples can be studied under conditions similar to their natural state. The illumination used, so-called soft X-rays in the wavelength range of twenty to forty angstroms (十亿分之一米), is also sufficiently penetrating to imagine intact biological cells in many cases. Because of the wavelength of the X-rays used, soft X-ray microscopes will never match the highest resolution possible with electron microscopes.

24. The passage shows that the invention of the visible light microscope allowed scientists to _________.

(A) develop the electron microscope later on

(B) see viruses directly

(D) discover single-celled plants and animals they had never seen before

25. The reason why it took so long to develop the X-ray microscope is that _________.

(A) there was not enough money for the research

(B) materials used to manufacture X-rays tubes were difficult to find

(D) X-ray microscopes were too complicated to operate

26. What is the major difference between X-ray microscopy and the traditional electron microscopy?

(A) X-ray microscopy enables samples to be studied in natural environment.

(B) X-ray microscopes can figure out the distribution of some chemical elements.

(D) X-ray microscopes have the potential of three-dimensional imagining.

27. What can be inferred from the passage about the future of X-ray microscopes?

(A) They will probably replace electron microscopes altogether.

(B) They will eventually be much cheaper to produce than they are now.

(D) They will eventually change the illumination range that they now use.

28. What is the passage mainly about?

(A) A new kind of microscope.

(B) Sources of illumination for microscopes.

(D) Outdated microscopic techniques.

Part Three Abbreviations (10%)

Directions:In this part, there are abbreviations. Give the full forms of the following abbreviations and translate them into Chinese on the Answer Sheet.

1. IPR

2. OPEC

3.NYSE

4. IMF

5. FIFA

Part Four Answer the following questions (12%)

Directions:In this part, there are several journalistic questions. Answer the following questions on the Answer Sheet.

1.What is news lead? What are direct lead and delayed lead?

2.What is news value? What are some basic elements of news value?

3.What is the body structure of a news story? What are advantages of it?

Part Five Summary Writing and Comment Making (22%)

Directions:In this part, there is a long news story. You are required to write a summary of it and make a comment on it on the Answer Sheet.

Invisible Among the Uncounted

By NILANJANA S. ROY

NEW DELHI —Officially, Chandni doesn‘t exist, nor is there any space for her in Delhi. Unofficially, the 14-year-old has grown up in the national capital, on its streets, one of the thousands of uncounted homeless women and girls in a city that has little time or empathy for her.

―This city,‖ said Chandni, whose parents never registered her birth, ―has less room for girls like me than it doe s for the crows and stray dogs.‖

There are three main kinds of shelters for the homeless in Delhi. The first, run and sponsored by the government, caters largely to homeless men. Two of the three permanent shelters for women, in the Yamuna Pushta and Sarojini Nagar areas, were shut down to make space for the 2010 Commonwealth Games.

The second kind, either run by the government or by private charities, is called a ―tented shelter‖ — temporary structures that also cater chiefly to men. Of these, just six to eight shelters, each with an average capacity of 10 beds, in a city of 16 million people, are open to homeless women.

The third, as Chandni explained, is either rented — 20 rupees, or 39 U.S. cents, is the going rate for a tarpaulin big enough to provide shelter from the winter chill — or fashioned from necessity. Ever since her family abandoned her, when she was about 10, Chandni has managed the business of her own survival with a bitter competence.

She prefers sleeping inside concrete pipes when she can, though she now has a place on the pavement. Sleeping on the pavement exposes her, as it does most homeless women and girls, to a relentless stream of harassment — from other homeless people, from passers-by, and sometimes from the police. At present, she has a protector, a man in his 20s, who employs her to sell cheap Chinese toys at intersections and takes a generous cut of her daily earnings.

―It‘s better than working on my back, like the other girls do,‖ said Chandni. ―He doesn‘t beat me like the last one did.‖

In 2010, the rape of a 6-year-old homeless girl in Delhi made headlines, but there was little acknowledgement from the government of the special needs of homeless women, a population that seems to be even more vulnerable and less acknowledged than homeless men. There are more shelters provided for homeless men, even though the dangers of living on the street are arguably greater for women, who face more sexual violence and stigma than their male counterparts.

Two weeks ago, a 9-year-old girl died in a fire that swept through a tented shelter in the heart of the city, where 21 women were sleeping. Those tents, built with cheap, flammable materials, had been erected by homeless people after the city government shut down the Sarojini Nagar shelter.

―The absence of adequate shelters for homeless women and the acute lack of public toilets and safe and secure spaces for homeless women to bathe in increase their vulnerability to gender-based violence,‖ said Shivani Chaudhry, associate director of the Housing and Land Rights Network, a nongovernmental organization.

In the heart of Connaught Place, one of Delhi‘s central shopping arteries, women who don‘t have homes can often be found at local temples, begging for food, or simply finding space to rest unharmed for a few hours. One woman who is invariably there fits the popular stereotype of the mad, homeless woman with unkempt hair and a propensity for collecting bits of paper and tinsel, anything that glitters.

Most of the other women appear far more normal, if worn down by the pressures of survival on the streets. Their stories are strikingly similar. Some were ordered to leave their homes after they tried to lay claim to family property. Many fled their homes rather than continued to suffer domestic violence.

―Often, women are either thrown out of their homes by an abusive/violent partner/other family member or leave themselves in order to escape a violent situation,‖ Ms. Chaudhry wrote in an e-mail. ―The absence of short-stay homes or shelters for women who are victims of domestic violence and the lack of protection in law make s this worse.‖

Like Ms. Chaudhry, Paramjit Kaur, the director of a nongovernmental organization that works for the rights of the homeless, has a rough estimate of the number of homeless women in Delhi: 10,000 is the lowest official count, and most field workers assume that there are many more women actually on the streets.

―These women are outside the system,‖ she said.

Ms. Kaur said that in the decade that she had been working with the homeless, there had been little effort by the central government to focus on their problems. Recent news reports, for instance, suggested that the just-concluded national census may have

undercounted numbers of the homeless, in the capital as well as other parts of India. Census officials deny they are deliberately excluding the homeless, but the perception that the homeless are invisible, and that homeless women are especially vulnerable, is strong among field workers.

―After a year on the streets,‖ Ms. Kaur said, ―most homeless women have no independence left of their own. They are exploited in every way —physically, sexually, emotionally. Many find their way into drug addiction, or are then exploited as part of the sex trade, or they form relationships, chiefly with homeless men, where they barter sex for protection. It‘s difficu lt to come out of that cycle, especially with no official help.‖

But there are small signs of change. In 2003, the Election Commission created a new form allowing the homeless to register to vote. Since then, various groups in Delhi have had some success providing the homeless with government identity cards, which would give them access to food and clothing assistance provided to the poor, and even A.T.M. cards.

Chandni, who lives in Karol Bagh, a commercial area of Delhi, thinks she might try to get an i dentity card. ―Then when I‘m older I‘ll get a job, and have a TV and a proper bathroom,‖ she said. Then she added: ―O.K., I have to go, or I won‘t earn enough for the tarpaulin tonight.‖

Two days later, Chandni was gone. No one seemed to know where to. Her friends at the intersection where she sells toys said they were sure she would come back. Meanwhile, Chandni‘s place on the pavement had already been taken, by a family of three that had set up house under her bright blue tarpaulin.

1. Write a summary of the news item. ( at least 100 words ) (7%)

2. Make a personal comment on the news. ( at least 150 words ) (15%)

同济大学课程考核试卷（A卷）

2010 —2011 学年第2 学期

命题教师签名：审核教师签名：

课号：112148 课名：英文报刊选读考试考查：

此卷选为：期中考试( )、期终考试(√)、重考( ) 试卷

得分

Answer Sheet （A）

Part One

1. [A] [B] [C] [D] 2 .[A] [B] [C] [D] 3. [A] [B] [C] [D] 4. [A] [B] [C] [D] 5. [A] [B] [C] [D] 6. [A] [B] [C] [D] 7. [A] [B] [C] [D] 8. [A] [B] [C] [D]

9. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J]

10. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J]

11. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J]

12. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J]

13. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J]

14. [A] [B] [C] [D] 15. [A] [B] [C] [D] 16. [A] [B] [C] [D] 17. [A] [B] [C] [D] 18. [A] [B] [C] [D]

Part Two

19. [A] [B] [C] [D] 20. [A] [B] [C] [D] 21. [A] [B] [C] [D] 22. [A] [B] [C] [D] 23. [A] [B] [C] [D] 24. [A] [B] [C] [D] 25. [A] [B] [C] [D] 26. [A] [B] [C] [D] 27. [A] [B] [C] [D] 28. [A] [B] [C] [D]

Part Three

1. ____________________________________________________________________________.

2. ____________________________________________________________________________.

3. ____________________________________________________________________________.

4. ____________________________________________________________________________.

5. ____________________________________________________________________________. Part Four

Part Five

Keys:

Part One 1- 4 BADC 5-8CDBA 9-13 FIEHD 14-18 DDCCD

Part Two 19-23 DABBC 24-28 DDACA

Part Three

1. IPR (Intellectual Property Rights 知识产权)

2. OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国祖国)

3. NYSE (New York Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所)

4. IMF (International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织)

5. FIFA (International Federation of Football Association 国际足球联合会)

Part Four Answer the following questions (12%)

1. What is news lead? What are direct lead and delayed lead?

News lead refers to the first a few paragraphs which indicate the five Ws and an H (WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, WHY, HOW ) of the news story. There are two kinds of news leads: direct lead and delayed lead. A direct lead tells readers the most important aspect of the story in a direct and straightforward way, and is often used in ―hard news‖ A delayed lead attracts readers by hinting the content of the story. It is usually found in features and other ―soft stories‖ that put more emphasis on human interest rather than timeliness of an event.

2.What is news value? What are some basic elements of news value?

News value refers to the importance of the facts and details in the news th at satisfy the public‘s interest in news. Basic elements of news value are as follows:

A) Timelines

Is it a recent development or is it old news? Freshness strengthens a new story.

B) Proximity(接近)

Is the story relevant to local readers? Close-to-home events naturally are of interest to media outlets.

C) Conflicts Is the issue developing?

Has it been resolved or does anybody care? Whether it involves people, governmental bodies, or sports teams, conflict is considered newsworthy.

D) Eminence(著名)or prominence

Are noteworthy people involved? If so, that makes the story more important. Some happenings simply are more newsworthy when well-known people are involved.

E) Consequence or impact

What effect will the story have on readers? Few developments hit a community as hard –economically as well as emotionally -- as mass layoffs by major employers. It is not surprising, then that media give prominent play to these occurrences.

F) Human interest

Even though it might not be an earthshaking event, does it contain unique, interesting elements? Hunan interest stories often appeal to the emotions of readers, pulling them into the lives of others or into subjects of broad concern.

3. What is the body structure of a news story? What are advantages of it?

The body structure of a news story is inverted pyramid (also called ―inverted triangle‖), which means the most important aspect of a story is higher up in the body of the story, while other information is written lower down in order of importance. Advantages of inverted pyramid are as follows: 1. Easy for journalists to write, since the structure is clear. 2. Easy for editors to modify, since the lower parts are less important thus can be readily cut off if necessary. 3. Easy for readers to grasp the main idea and decide whether to read on --- time is money!

Part Five Summary Writing and Comment Making (22%) (omitted)