综合英语 2011
第一部分：英语语言学知识（共100分）
一．Define the following terms, using examples where necessary.(每题2分，共20分)
1. arbitrariness
2. morphophonemics
3. assimilation
4. root
5. converse antonymy
6. paradigmatic relation
7. interlanguage
8. deep structure
9. suprasegmental features
10. concordance
二．Multiple choice. (每题1分，共20分)
1．Phatic is one of the language ______________.
A. forms
B. structures
C. patterns
D. functions
2. Diachronic linguistics is a study of language____________.
A. in ancient times
B. in modern times
C. at different places
D. over a certain period of time
3. __________is one of the suprasegmental features.
A. Stop
B. Voicing
C. Deletion
D. Tone
4. Narrow transcription is the phonetic transcription with__________.
A. diacritics
B. distinctive features
C. voicing
D. articulation
5. Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies_______, and of the rules by which
words are formed.
A. the external structure of words
B. the internal structure of words
C. the surface structure of words
D. the deep structure of words
6. _______ refers to a type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language.
A. Borrowing
B. Back-formation
C. Acronym
D. Analogical creation
7. According to construction types, prepositional phrases such as “in the classroom”is regarded as a(n)____________construction.
A. exocentric
B. endocentric
C. subordinate
D. coordinate
8. Semantics is ___________________.
A. element of meaning which combine in different ways to make up the denotation of different lexical items.
B. a general variable of universal grammar
C. the study of meaning as encoded in language.
D. the study of what people mean by language when they use it in the normal context of social life.
9. If the study of meaning is conducted in the context of language use, a branch of linguistic study called ________comes into being.
A. syntax
B. semantics
C. pragmatics
D. morphology
10. Which of the following is not the concern of psycholinguistics?
A. It aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when we use language.
B. It focuses on the way of processing the information we receive in the course of communication.
C. It pays more attention to the study of language acquisition in children.
D. It relates the social norms that determine the type of language to be used in a certain occasion.
11. Error analysis is____________________.
A. the analysis and diagnosis of errors of teaching methods
B. the analysis and diagnosis of errors of language learners
C. the analysis and diagnosis of errors of language acquisition
D. the analysis and diagnosis of errors of learning style preferences
12. Every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language. This variety of individual users is called “___________”.
A. social dialect
B. regional dialect
C. temporal dialect
D. idiolect
13. Dialectology is________________.
A. the search for spatially determined differences in various aspects of language
B. the search for geographically determined differences in various aspects of language
C. the search for spatially and geographically determined differences in various aspects of language
D. the search for geographically determined differences in an aspect of language
14. A speaker may change from one dialect to another according to his subject matter, the required formality and other factors in the course of communication. This linguistic behaviour is
referred to as __________________.
A. bilingualism
B. code-switching
C. dialect
D. register
15. _____________may be said to be equivalent to speaker’s meaning, contextual meaning, or extra meaning.
A. Locutionary act
B. Perlocutionary act
C. Illocutionary force
D. Performatives
16. The Indirect Speech Act was developed by ____________.
A. John Austin
B. Levinson
C. John Lyons
D. John Searle
17. Stylistics is _______________.
A. varieties of language used by an individual appropriate to a level of formality
B. the study of how literary effects can be related to linguistics feature
C. unit of sound consisting of a vowel (with or without consonants)
D. fixed and prejudicial patterns of thought about kinds of people that are often mistaken
18. The theoretical linguistic background of the audiolingual method is _____________.
A. Latin grammar
B. audiolingualism
C. structuralism
D. generative-transformational grammar
19. Who first used the term “communicative competence”in deliberate contrast to Chomsky’s “linguistic competence”?
A. Stern
B. Asher
C. Krashen
D. Hymes
20. Functional linguistic is _____________________.
A. the study of the forms of language in reference to their social function in communication
B. the study of language abstract forms of language and their internal relation
C. the study of language use in its social context
D. the study of what people mean by language when they use it in the normal context of social
life
三. True or false questions. (每题1分，共15分)
1．The traffic light system does not possess duality because there is only simple one to one relationship between signs and meaning.
2. Phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics are branches of linguistics.
3. The sound [p] in the word “expensive ”is pronounced as a voiceless consonant.
4. Allophones are described in phonetic terms.
5. An idiom consists of at least two words. Each has a single meaning and often functions as one word. This is called structural stability.
6. Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with verbs when converted to nouns.
7. Government is a type of control in which a word of a certain class determines the form of others in terms of certain category.
8. An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition, unlike entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true.
9. Pairs of words like good/bad, long/short, big/small are examples of converse antonyms.
10. The term “accent”refers to differences between languages which are different in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation.
11. At the age of two, children can master the essentials of their mother tongue.
12. Austin claims that there are two types of sentences: performatives and constatives.
13. Text is a prosodic unit.
14. Classified by different aims, there are four major types of test: aptitude test, attitude test, proficiency test and achievement test.
15. An important contribution of the Prague School to linguistics is that it sees language in
terms of function.
四．Give the description of the following sounds. (每题1分，共5分)
1．[ s ]
2. [g ]
3. [ j ]
4. [ p ]
5. [ ]
五．Work out the tree diagrams of the following ambiguities through IC analysis.(第1题3分，第2题2分，共5分)
1. my small child’s cot
2. Leave the book on the shelf.
六．Answer the following questions briefly. (每题3分，共15分)
1. What functions include in Halliday’s theory of metafunctions of language?
2. What are endocentric construction and exocentric construction? Exemplify the two notions.
3. What is Pro-form? Explain with examples.
七．Discussions. (每题10分，共20分)
1. Comment on how and why the following exchange of conversation violates the cooperative principle.
A. Isn’t her new dress beautiful?
B. The color is nice.
2. Why can’t we have the English consonant clusters such as *hepl, *lupm, *rpay, *lkaps, or
*wqick etc. in onset and coda positions? Explain with examples.
第二部分英美文学知识（共50分）
一. “Crossing the Bar”is a poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson. It is thought that Tennyson wrote it as his own elegy, as the poem has a tone of finality about it. Read the last stanza of the poem and answer the two questions.
For though from out our bourn of Time and Place
The flood may bear me far,
I hope to see my Pilot face to face
When I have crost the bar.
1. What does “crossing the Bar”mean? (5 points)
2. Explain the implied meaning of “I hope to see my Pilot face to face”(5 points)
二. The following is from Song of Myself, an American epic loosely following a quest pattern.
I CELEBRATE myself, and sing myself,
And what I assume you shall assume,
For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.
I loafe and invite my soul,
I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.
3. Please comment on its style and ideas. (10 points)
三. Read the following excerpt from Chapter XXIII, Jane Eyre and answer the questions that follow.
“I grieve to leave Thornfield: I love Thornfield: - I love it, because I have lived in it a full
and delightful life, - momentarily at least. I have not been trampled on. I have not been petrified. I have not been buried with inferior minds, and excluded from every glimpse of communion with what is bright and energetic and high. I have talked, face to face, with
what I reverence, with what I delight in, - with an original, a vigorous, an expanded mind. I
have known you, Mr. Rochester; and it strikes me with terror and anguish to feel I
absolutely must be torn from you forever. I see the necessity of departure; and it is like
looking on the necessity of death.”
……
“I tell you I must go!”I retorted, roused to something like passion. “Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton? - a machine without feelings?
and can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong! - I have as much soul as you, - and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh; - it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God's feet, equal, - as we are!”
4. What are Jane’s chief concerns over her love of Rochester? (15 points)
5. What feelings does she have for Rochester and why? (15 points)
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