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20XX年英语专业八级翻译典型错误分析.doc

2017年英语专业八级翻译典型错误分析

一般印象中，英语专业的同学经过四年的语言学习，段落翻译应该不在话下。然而很多同学在英语学习中忽略了对汉语的学习，因而在对汉语词语和句子的理解过程中出现了一些可笑的问题。下面，本文将对一些典型错误进行剖析。

（1）因为汉语功底不扎实而造成错误理解的问题。

这种错误主要出现在对一些不能够从字面上推测意义的习语上，例如对“寒暄”、“破天荒”、“干脆”等词语会产生错误的理解。将“寒暄”译成了“coldly talk for a while”，

其次，学生还会出现断句的错误。由于汉语语言的习惯，汉语句子在断句问题上并不严格，因此对句子的停顿很多情况下完全取决于读者的语感。学生对此往往认识并不充分，不敢果断断句，以为原文中的一个长句一定要用英语的一个长句来表达，因而出现跟原文风格不一致的译文，甚至在组织译文语言的时候出现很多语法错误。例如，2000年专八考试中，第一句话是“世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史”。很多同学用which这个关系代词来形成了一个结构很复杂的主从复合句，但是在组织这个句子时出现很多错误，造成修饰关系不明的情况。如果我们果断断句，，就可以避免语法错误。

此外，断句的错误还表现在词组间关系的断定上，比如，“科学知识”和“科学技术”，后者“科学”和“技术”之间是一种并列关系。很多同学把这两个短语分别译成了“science and

knowledge”和“scientific technology”。

（2）对原文的理解还需要结合一定的背景知识。

例如95年专八考试汉译英试题中提“奥斯汀”这位作家，如果我们不熟悉这位作家，我们就可能连她的姓氏如何拼写也不知道。再比如说，“我的导师是亚裔人”（1998年专八考试），不能简单地翻译成“My tutor is an Asian”，因为所谓“亚裔”，是指亚洲的血缘，但并没明确国籍，根据上下文，却应该是美国国籍，因此这句话应该翻译为“My tutor is an Asian American.”，同样的道理，在同一篇文章中出现的“除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生”也应该处理成“...except one of German origin, the rest five were all of Asian origin”。

1999年专八考试试题中也出现了类似的句子“现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用”也应该根据以上的理由翻译为：“Of the present 1.8 million residents Vancouver, half are not native, and one in every four is of Asian origin. The 250,000 Chinese have been playing a decisive role in the economic transformation of Vacouver.”

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2. 如此年轻而又才智卓越的人并不常有。就拿我在明尼苏达州大学的室友皮蒂·伯奇来说吧。他跟我年龄相同，背景相似，却蠢笨如牛。要知道，他是个英俊年轻的小伙子，可脑袋却空空如也。他容易激动，情绪反复无常，易受影响。最糟糕的是，他是一个爱赶时髦的人。我认为，赶时髦是最缺乏理智的表现。追随每一次新出现的时尚，身不由己地做着种种蠢事，仅仅因为别人都在这么做------在我看来，这愚蠢至极。然而皮蒂却不这么认为。 3. 一天下午，我发现皮蒂躺在床上，脸上流露出一种痛苦不堪的表情，我立刻断定他得了阑尾炎。“别动，”我说，“别吃泻药，我去请医生。” 4.“浣熊，”他咕哝道。 5.“浣熊” 我停下飞快的脚步问道。 6.“我想要一件浣熊皮大衣，”他哭着嚷道。 7.我意识到他的问题不是身体上的，而是精神上的。“你为什么想要一件浣熊皮大衣呢” 8.“我早就该知道，”他哭叫着，捶打着自己的太阳穴，“我早就该知道查尔斯顿舞再度流行时，浣熊皮大衣也会再次时兴起来。我真傻，所有的

英语翻译常用词组

1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反 5. be due to 由于(常做表语) 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何; in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能;倾向于 17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能;远非 19. head into走向;陷入(危机) 20. in the matter of 关于;就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能

22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来;加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样 25. refer to…提到;谈到 26. agreement on 一致意见 27. be comparable to 和…相当;犹如 28. in terms of 根据;按照;在…方面 29. on the whole 总体来说;大体上看 30. draw a conclusion 得出结论 31. have the attitude towards 对…的态度 32. only if 只要 33. the same…as 与…一样 34. by lack of=for lack of 因为缺乏 35. nothing but 只不过是 36. by means of 通过;借助于 37. by the help of 通过…的帮助 38. in a sort of sense 从某种意义上来说 39. manage to do sth. 设法做到 40. extract …from 从……提炼出 41. out of…起源;来源;根据 42. build up 建立;树立

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