全新版大学英语第二版综合教程4课后答案全

Unit 1

lexf Organization

": ... ■■■■ .. ■Paragraphs' ' Main Ideas

Part One

Paras 1-2

Introduction — Both Napoleon's and Hitler's military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.

Part Two Paras 3-11

Napoleon's military campaign against Russia Part Three Paras 12-20 Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet Union Part Four Para 21 Conclusion —The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.

2

Sections Paragraphs

Main Ideas

Section One Paras 12-13

Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's

scorched earth policy Section Two Paras 14-18 the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and

Section Paras 19-20 the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of

Vocabulary I.

1. 1) alliance

3) stroke 5) minus 7)

declarations

2) at the cost of 4) limp 6) regions 8) siege

9) raw 10) bide his time

11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of

2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged

down

3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag

on

5) get by 6) dine out

7) have cut back 8) get through

3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in

the near future.

2)Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed

arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’strike.

3)Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get

in the way of her career.

4)Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard.

5)The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out

of date / obsolete.

4.1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give

up the

occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.

2)Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to

reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work

may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.

3)The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive

victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the

Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood

the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series

of counterattacks.

II. More Synonyms in Context

1) D uring the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas.

Some of the

most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium.

2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts /

homework paid off.

3)1 spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a

deaf ear to all my

words.

4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her

fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.

- 90 - Appendix I

III. Usage

1)But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good

health.

2)A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew

anything about it.

3)It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work

1)Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned,

especially if you fall asleep.

4)In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.

5)Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.

■

Structure

1. 1) To his great delight, Dr. Deng discovered two genes in wild rice that can increase the yield by

30 percent.

2)To her great relief, her daughter had left the building before it collapsed.

3)To our disappointment, our women's team lost out to the North Koreans.

4)We think, much to our regret, that we will not be able to visit you during the

coming Christmas.

2. 1) These birds nest in the vast swamps (which lie to the) east of the Nile.

2)By 1948, the People's Liberation Army had gained control of the vast areas

north of the Yangtze River.

3)Michelle was born in a small village in the north of France, but came to live

in the United

States at the age of

four. ■

4) The Columbia River rises in western Canada and continues/runs through the

United States for

about 1,900 kilometers west of the Rocky Mountains.

Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

(A)

1. invasion 3. Conquest 5. launching 7. campaign

2. stand in the way 4. catching... off his guard

6. declaration

9. reckon with

Appendix I - 91

-

(B)

1. allow

2. reckoned

3. highly

4. forecasts

5. rapidly

6. instant

7. delivery 8. advantage

9. observing 10. Powerful

II. Translation

1.Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn

harvest in on the farm.

2.We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most

sophisticated weapons.

3.Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting

increasingly desperate.

4.Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his

judgment.

5.Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village

neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.

The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble.

We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties.

By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.

Part III TextB

Comprehension Check 1. d

.-2.

3. b

- 92 - Appendix I

Translation

(#JE Appendix III)

Language Practice

1. boast

2. obstacles

3. was concerned

4. call ...off

■

5. paid off

6. was pinned

7. are contesting 8. prior to

9. holdout 10. objective

11. responsible for 12. in case

13. favorable 14. due to

15. on the eve of 16. cancel

17. complications 18. stiff

19. withstand 20. absent

Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks

Writing Strategy

Tick which of the following is more convincing:

____________ I t was reported that General Eisenhower, though indecisive sometimes, had no

hesitation in ordering the assault on Normandy.

_____ √_____ E isenhower's chief of staff, Brigadier General Water Bedell Smith, later wrote:

"... He sat there ... tense, weighing every consideration. Finally

he looked up, and the tension was gone from his face. He said

briskly, 'well, we'll go."

Model Paper

Can Man Triumph over Nature?

When people talk of man triumphing over nature, many things come to mind. One thinks of successes in medicine in the fight against disease, such as the invention of antibiotics and the promise held out by advances in biogenetic engineering. On a broader scale, one thinks of man's success in harnessing new forms of energy from steam power through oil to nuclear power.

Yet, nature has often hit back in unexpected ways to these attempts to tame it. New forms of

Appendix I - 98

-

disease that are resistant to antibiotics are constantly developing. Burning fossil fuels has led to fears of global warming; while nuclear power has produced dangerous waste that will remain a hazard for generations to come.

However, perhaps to talk of man triumphing over nature is the wrong way to look at the matter. We need to find ways to work with nature rather than forever fighting against it.

(154 words)

Unit 2

Text org. Ex. 2 On P38

1. Smart cars can see, hear, feel, smell, talk, and act;

2. They can eliminate most of car accidents

3. They can alert the police and provide precise location of your car if stolen

4. They can monitor one’s driving and the driving conditions nearby;

5. They can alert the driver who feels drowsy;

6. They can locate your car precisely and warn of traffic jams.

Language Sense Enhancement on P 38-39

1) cure 2) impact 3) orbiting

4) warn of 5) location 6) At any given time

7)vibrate 8) detected 9) calculate 10) converted

I. Vocabulary: Ex.1 on P41-42

1.expansion

2. automated

3. vapor

4. take control of

5. hazards

6. satellite

7.vibrated

8.magnetic

9. bunched 10. in the air 11. got stuck in 12.approximately Vocabulary: Ex.2 on P42

1. send out

2. stand up for

3. pass for

4. were closing in on

5. starting up

6. went through

7. fill out

8. fall into

Vocabulary: Ex.3 on P43

1) incorporates all the latest safety features.

2) two trees ten feet apart.

3) awarding lucrative contracts to his construction firm.

4) the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.

5) are correlated in all racial groups.

Vocabulary: Ex.4 on P43

1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to

2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency

3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazard

II. Word Formation on P45

Kilogram Medical care

Memorandum Electronic mail

Gymnasium Communications satellite Liberation News broadcast

Doctor Sky hijack

Veterinarian European dollar Preparatory Breakfast and lunch Automobile Television broadcast influenza Oxford and Cambridge

---------------------------------------

III. Usage on P45-46

1) swimming pool

2 ) drawing board

3 ) enriched Middle English

4 ) disturbing change

5 ) fully developed prototype

6 ) Canned foods

7 ) working population

8 ) puzzling differences

Comprehensive Exs.: I. cloze

1. text-related on P46

1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5) hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of

8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor

2. theme-related on P47

1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled

5) opportunities 6) overall 7)manufacturing

8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalities

II. Translation

Ex. 1 on P47-48

1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.

2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problems.

3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.

4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minute recently.

5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.

Translation : Ex. 2 on P48

Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and

manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.

UNIT3

Language Sense Enhancement on P72

1) checked with 2) interview 3) grill 4) clippings

5) be right for 6) follow up 7) indicating

8）hand-delivered 9) prepared 10) prospective

Language focus

Voc. Ex. 1 on P75

1) rude 2) physically 3) structure

4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling

7) Measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations

10) Sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner

Voc. Ex. 2&3 on P76

§Ex. 2.

1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up

4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up

7) be hooked up to 8) closed up

§Ex. 3.

1) grilled her about where she had been all night

2) beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could oneday dance in the King’s palace

3) will be in readers' hands soon

4) do your homework before going on an interview.

5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.

§Voc . Ex. 4 on P77

1）applicants, veteran, the prospective

2）From his standpoint, has made every endeavor to goafter

3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barely

II. Words with Multiple Meanings on P 78

1. Behave

2. used to avoid repetition

3. clean

4. get along

5. perform/complete

6. perform/complete

7. Study 8. be enough 9. be acceptable

iii. Usage on P79-80

1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where tobegin.OK,I’ll talk about myself first.

2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmascard. By the way, I have something here for you.

3. The new computer language can be quite easily understoodby anyone who can read the daily newspaper.Now, why isthis an advantage?

4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know howit goes.By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan toattend your seminar in Shanghai.

5. OK, you got the job.Now, how to maximize your profitswith as little effort as possible?

6. Chris is back from Australia.Incidentally, those picturesyou sent me are wonderful.

Comprehensive Exercises Cloze

§1. text-related on P80

(1) Prospective (2)As I see it

(3) done your homework (4) beforehand

(5) Endeavor (6) structure

(7) Partners (8) Respond

(9) take a crack (10) from the standpoint

(11) make a difference (12) follow up

§2. theme-related on P81

(1) encouraging(2) inquiry(3) relevant (4) samples

(5) references (6) advice(7) preparing (8) seriously

(9) probably (10) exhibit

Translation on P81-82

1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in thisemergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop theplane after taxiing for only a short while.

2)Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted(out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.

3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital.Working together, we’ll have the future in our hands.

4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so manyfriends home, I would have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for

a snack.

5) People gave generously upon learning that new schoolrooms with stronger structures were to be built in theearthquake-stricken area.

Translation 2. on P82

Well begun, half done,as the saying goes. It isextremely important for a job applicant todo hishomework while seeking employment.From mystandpoint, whether or not one has done his homeworkclearly makes a difference in his chance of success.

I have a friend who is earning somewhere in theneighborhood of100,000 dollars a years in a largecomputer software company. He told me that from

hisown experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are wellprepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn asmuch about his prospective employer as possible don’thave much of a chance of success.

Part III Home Reading Task

§Comprehension Check on P87

1.b

2.c

3.a

4.a

5.a

6.b

§Translation on P87

1.父母亲都觉得我不会被录用。“你要有后台才行。那可是一家美国机构，洛克菲勒基金会。你一定要有后台。”

2.当然，不工作就没饭吃，除非嫁人，那叫做“终于有了归宿。”

3.她留着新式的发型，是我所喜欢的那种满头卷发竖立着的式样，穿着下摆印有花纹的裙子。由于她怀孕已快足月，所以她向我走过来时似乎是她的肚子最先到达我的面前。

4.我跟哈内德先生说了，你刚才是因害羞不安而没法做记录的。他挺不错的，只要慢慢习惯起来就行了

Language Practice

§Ex. 1. on P88

1) g 2)f 3) a 4) e 5) h 6) b 7) c 8) d

§Ex. 2. on P88-89

1) Intricate 2) came at

3) Administration 4) benign

5) get in 6) scraps

7) Brand 8) carved

9) Coiled 10) quivered

11) take on 12) put in a (good) word

OVER 需要更多///

Unit 4

Text A

Text rganization 1.

Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas

Part One Paras 1-3 Introduction to Davos Man and the World Economic Forum

Part Two Paras 4-5 Debate over the impact of globalization on current

Part Three Paras 6-8 History of globalization and its recent trends and future prospects

Part Four Paras. 9-11 Globalization versus nationalism and the challenges it faces

2.

Main Events

1.Davos man spends a lot of time in places other than his native country.

2.Davos Man sees their identity as a mater of personal choice, not an accident