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100所名校高考模拟金典卷四

100所名校高考模拟金典卷·文科综合卷（四）

第Ⅰ卷 (选择题共140分)

本卷共35个小题，每小题4分，共140分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

我国东北大米品质优良，尽管市场售价较高，但依然受到广大消费者追捧。下图为东北地区自然条件与大米生产的关系图。读图，完成1～3题。

1．东北地区水稻生长期光照条件较好，主要表现为

A．白昼长，日照时间长 B．降水少，日照时间长

C．海拔高，日照强度大 D．太阳高度大，日照强度大

2．全球变暖对东北现有稻米产地可能带来的影响是

A．光照条件改善 B．水稻单产降低

C．稻米生产成本降低 D．水稻播种面积减小

3．图中序号按光照、热量、土壤顺序排列，正确的是

A．①②③ B．①③② C．②①③ D．②③①下图中实线为等压线，虚线M、N为锋线。读图，完成4～6题。

4．图中所示天气系统是

A．北半球锋面气旋 B．北半球反气旋 C．南半球锋面气旋 D．南半球反气旋

5．一般情况下，M、N两锋线的移动方向

A．均向东南方向移动B．均向偏北方向移动

C．M向东南方向移动，N向偏北方向移动 D．M向偏北方向移动，N向东南方向移动

6．下列地点可能为阴雨天气的是

A．①③ B．②④ C．①④⑤ D．②③⑤

读2009年甲、乙、丙三个国家的统计资料表，完成7～8题。

国家人口增长率

(％)

老龄人口比重

(％)

婴儿死亡率

(％)

城市人口比重

(％)

人均耗能量

(吨标准油)

甲 1.3 4.9 5.03 29.8 0.385

乙0.9 6.7 1.73 86.0 0.823

丙 2.1 13.6 0.32 77.6 5.677

7．表中指标呈负相关的是

A．婴儿死亡率、城市人口比重 B．老龄人口比重、婴儿死亡率

C．人口增长率、人均耗能量D．城市人口比重、人均耗能量

8．下列推断最可能的是

A．甲国能源利用率最高 B．乙国人口死亡率最高

C．丙国能源消费量最大 D．丙国人口迁入率最高

汉字造字法中蕴含着某些地理知识，如

“间”——“门里有日午间到”，午间即正午。

读图，完成9～11题。

9．若该屋位于北半球，则图中门的朝向可能是

①正东②正西③正南④正北

A．①② B．②④ C．①③D．③④

10．下列关于图中屋内正午地面光照面积的说法，正确的是

A．全年都一样 B．6月22日北半球中纬地区达全年最小

C．正午比上午大 D．9月23日各地都一样

11．若12月22日北京时间19：00时，北半球某地正好“门里有日午间到”，且屋内地面光照面积与门的面积相同，则该地可能

A．森林茂密 B．四季变化明显 C．昼夜温差大 D．受暖流影响较大

第Ⅱ卷 (非选择题共160分)

本卷包括必考题和选考题两部分。第36题～第41题为必考题。每个试题考生都必须作答。第42题～第48题为选考题，考生根据要求作答。

(一)必考题(6题，共135分)

36．(28分)依据图文资料及所学知识，完成下列要求。

伊朗位于亚洲西南部，面积约163.6万平方千米，总人口约7535万，国内大部分地区为干旱气候区。2010年共消耗各类粮食2620万吨，但是自产粮食只有1910万吨，其余部分依靠进口。下图为该国示意图。

(1)试运用地理环境整体性的原理分析卡维尔盐沼的成因。(12分)

(2)卡伦河下游(从阿瓦士到河口)是该国最好的水运航道，简述其通航的有利条件。(6分)

(3)有人建议该国大力发展粮食生产，这种建议你是否赞同?说明理由。(10分)

37．(18分)汉中市历史悠久，是汉家的发祥地。下图示意汉中市及其附近地区。读图，完

成下列要求。

(1)据图比较R1、R2河段流速和流量的差异，并说明判断的理由。(10分)

(2)分析图示资料，说明汉中市形成和发展的有利条件。(8分)

(二)选考题(共25分)

请考生在第42、43、44三道地理题中任选一题作答，如果多做，则按所做的第一题计

分。作答时请写清题号。

42．(10分)旅游地理

汤加王国是太平洋各岛中历史最悠久的王国，约从公元950年起至今经历4个王朝。

汤加位于太平洋西南部，由l72个大小不等的岛屿组成，大汤加群岛大致按南北方向排列，

可分为东、西两列。东列是珊瑚礁岛，西列为火山岛。

汤加王国以农业为主，工业不发达。生产力水平低，经济发展落后，严重依赖外援。

下图为汤加地理位置示意图。

指出汤加王国主要的旅游资源类型，并分析汤加王国发展旅游业的不利条件。43．(10分)自然灾害与防治

概括海河流域重大洪水灾害的时空分布特点，并分析上述特点的形成原因。44．(10分)环境保护

据图指出阶段三与阶段一相比出现的变化，并简述水土流失可能会对地理环境造成的危害。

参考答案：

1．A 东北地区主要为温带季风气候候，雨热同期是水稻生长的有利条件，生长期(5～9月)内太阳直射北半球，东北地区纬度高，白昼时间长，光照条件较好。

2．C 温度是制约东北地区水稻种植的关键因素，全球变暖会使东北地区的热量条件得到改善，生长期延长，积温增加，因此水稻单产增加。生产成本也随之降低。全球变暖对光照条件的影响不大。

3．B 东北地区水稻营养丰富的原因之一是光照充足，积累的有机物多；微量元素多样是因为土壤肥沃；病虫害少、育秧成本高是受气温较低影响所致。由此可知，代表光照、热量、土壤的序号分别是①③②。

4．A 根据图中风向判断该天气系统为北半球锋面气旋。

5．C 根据此半球锋面气旋的呈逆时针运动的特点，可以判断两锋线的移动方向。

6．C M为冷锋与地面相交的线，①处于冷锋锋后，多阴雨天气；N为暖锋与地面相交的线，④位于锋前，多阴雨天气；⑤位于气旋中心，多阴雨天气。

7．B 一般来说，发达国家(如丙国)经济发展水平高。人口自然增长率(不考虑人口迁移造成的人口增长)和婴儿死亡率较低，老龄人口和城市人口比重较高，人均耗能量也较大，发展中国家与之相反。但是有一部分发展中国家(如乙国)城市化水平明显超过经济发展水平。因此，只有老龄人口比重和婴儿死亡率呈负相关。

8．D 丙国老龄人口比重高达13.6％，说明人口老龄化非常严重，由此可知丙国为发达国家，而发达国家的人口自然增长率一般较低，所以丙国2.1％的人口增长率大部分是由于人口的迁移造成的。

9．D 一年中正午太阳总是位于当地的正南或正北方位，由图示可知，当正午太阳从门的正北方射入时，门朝向正北；当上午太阳从正南方射入时，门朝向正南。

10．B 屋内地面光照面积取决于当地正午太阳高度的大小，正午太阳高度越大，屋内地面光照面积越小。所以北半球中纬地区夏至日屋内地面光照面积达全年最小。

11．C 据北京时间19：00时，该地为正午可知该地经度为15°E。正午屋内地面光照面积与门的面积相同，说明其正午太阳高度为45°。该日太阳直射23°26′S，由此可知该地纬度为21°34′N。由经纬度可知该地位于撒哈拉沙漠，全年炎热干燥，昼夜温差很大。

36．(1)地势四周高、中间低；山脉阻挡海洋水汽深入，气候干旱；内流河河水在低洼处汇集；泥沼洼地，地表水难下渗；蒸发量较大，易形成盐沼。(任答四点，12分)

(2)水量相对较大；流经平原，水流平稳；流经石油开采和炼油中心，货物运输量较大。(6分)

(3)赞同。(1分)理由：光热条件较为优越；人口较多，粮食缺口大；扩大粮食生产有利于增强国家粮食安全。(9分)[或不赞同。(1分)理由：于旱区和高原面积广大，可耕地面积较小；气候干旱，灌溉水源不足；盲目扩大粮食生产，可能加剧生态环境恶化。(9分)] 37．(1)流速：R1河段流速较小(或R2河段流速较大)。(2分) R1河段以流水沉积作用为主；R2河段以流水侵蚀作用为主。(4分)

流量：R2流量较大(或R1流量较小)。(2分) 在R1、R2间有支流汇入(或R1位于上游，R2位于下游)。(2分)

(2)地处河谷盆地，地形平坦；亚热带季风气候，气候宜人；临近汉江，用水方便；地处通往漕河平原、四川盆地和长江中下游地区的枢纽位置，交通条件优越等。(8分)

(以上答案仅供参考。本题答案具有开放性，应首先明确观点，然后说明理由，言之有理

即可。)

42．珊瑚礁岛、火山岛等地质地貌景观；热带海滨风光等水文景观；独特的风土民情等人文景观。(任答两点，4分)市场距离远；交通不便；经济落后，基础设施差，接待能力不足。(6分)

43．多发生在河流下游地区；多发生在7、8月。(4分)海河流域7、8月降水集中且多暴雨；扇形水系，支流来水集中汇入干流：下游地区地势低平，排水不畅。(6分)

44．变化：植被覆盖率降低，天然植被几乎消失；地面坡度加大，地表支离破碎。(4分) 土地退化，耕地质量下降，农业减产；河流含沙量增加，河床淤积；态环境恶化，诱发或加剧自然灾害等。(6分)

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最新名校2020高考英语模拟测试题 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/64661257.html,work Information Technology Company.2020YEAR

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