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第十四讲 无生命主语句的翻译

第十四讲 无生命主语句的翻译
第十四讲 无生命主语句的翻译

第十四讲无生命主语句的翻译

一、教学目的:了解和掌握无生命主语句在翻译中的应用。

二、教学要点:无生命主语句的表现形式及译法

三、教学过程:

无生命主语句(Non-life subject sentences):

类型:

The past decade saw much great progress in our society.

我国社会在过去10年里取得了很大的进步

That night sleep eluded him那天夜里他没有睡好。

Rome witnessed many great historic events.罗马城发生过许多重大的历史性事件。

Her illness prevented her from attending the conference on linguistics.

她因病没有参加语言学术会议。

Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.这位曾使全世界发出笑声的人自己却饱尝辛酸。

译法:

1.把无生命主语转换成有生命主语,必要时切分句子,将主语分译成分句。

The word “expect” always crept into Dad’s stories.爸爸讲故事时,总要不经意地说出“期望”这个词。

Absence and distance make the overseas Chinese heart increasingly fond of the Peking regime.

华侨背井离乡,远居国外,因此他们在感情上越来越向往北京政权。

My total ignorance of the connection must plead my apology.恕我孤陋寡闻,对此关系一无所知。

2. 把无生命主语转换成具体事物的主语,或是保留原主语,并同时改变与之搭配的谓语动词,必要时须切分句子,将主语分译成分句或者单句或是调整整个句子的语序。

My arms and legs go to sleep我的手脚不管用了。The door refuses to close.门关不上

The thought of returning to his native land never deserted (抛弃)him amid (在-之中)

his tribulation(苦难,磨难)在苦难中重返故园的念头始终在他心头萦绕。

3.把无生命主语转换成汉语的状语。

Investigation led us to the foregoing (前面的)conclusion.经过调查,我们得出了上述结论。

March was to take Elizabeth to Hunsford. 三月,伊丽莎白将前往汉斯福德。

The evening of November 3 saw the IWW(industrial workers of the

world )tactics bearing fruit.

11月3日晚,世界产业工人协会的战术生效了。

Dawn met him well along the way. It was a pleasant uneventful ride.东方欲晓的时侯,他已走了一大段路了,这次骑马旅行很愉快,没有碰到意外事件。

4. 把无生命主语转换成汉语复句。

Losing his fortune drove him mad. 他由于失去自己的财产而发疯。

The arrest of the flood-waters saved many homes.将洪水拦住后,许多家庭得救了。

The publi sher’s rejection of his manuscript depressed him. 由于出版商拒绝接受他的手稿,他的情绪一落千丈。

5. 把无生命主语转换成汉语的无主语句。

The heat makes me sweat like a pig。热得我大汗淋漓。

The noise made everybody upset. 闹得大家不得安宁。

This medicine will make you feel better.吃了药你会舒服些。

2.翻译段落练习:

古之学者必有师。师者,所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者,孰能无惑?惑而不从师,其为惑也,终不解矣。生乎吾前,其闻道也,固先乎吾,吾从而师之;生乎吾后,其闻道也,亦先乎吾,吾从而师之。吾师道也,夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎?是故无贵无贱,无长无少,道之所存,师之所存也。

嗟乎!师道之不传也久矣,欲人之无惑也难矣。古之圣人,其出人也远矣,犹且从师而问焉;今之众人,其下圣人也亦远矣,而耻学于师。是故圣益圣,愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣,愚人之所以为愚,其皆出于此乎?爱其子,择师而教之;于其身也,则耻师焉,惑矣。彼童子之师,授之书而习其句读者,非吾所谓传其道、解其惑者也。句读之不知,惑之不解,或师焉,或不焉,小学而大遗,吾未见其明也。巫医、乐师、百工之人,不耻相师。士大夫之族,曰“师”曰“弟子”云者,则群聚而笑之。问之,则曰:彼与彼年相若也,道相似也,位卑则足羞,官盛则近谀。呜呼!师道之不复,可知矣。巫医、乐师、百工之人,君子不齿,今其智乃反不能及,其可怪也欤!

In ancient times those who wanted to learn would seek out a teacher, one who could propagate the doctrine1, impart professional knowledge, and resolve doubts. Since no one is born omniscient, who can claim to have no doubts? If one has doubts and is not willing to learn from a teacher, his doubts will never be resolved. Anyone who was born before me and learned the doctrine before me is my teacher. Anyone who was born after me and learned the doctrine before me is also my teacher. Since what I desire to learn is the doctrine, why should I care whether he was born before or after me? Therefore, it does not matter whether a person is high or low in position, young or old in age. Where there is the doctrine, there is my teacher.

Alas! The tradition of learning from the teacher has long been neglected. Thus it is difficult to find a person without any doubts at all. Ancient sages, who far surpassed us, even learned from their teachers. People today, who are far inferior to them, regard learning from the teacher as a disgrace. Thus, wise men become more wise and unlearned men become more foolish. This explains what makes a wise man and what makes a foolish man.

It is absurd that a person would choose a teacher for his son out of his love for him, and yet refuse to learn from the teacher himself, thinking it a disgrace to do so. The teacher of his son teaches the child only reading and punctuation, which is not propagating the doctrine or resolving doubts as the aforementioned. I don't think it wise to learn from the teacher when one doesn't know how to punctuate, but not when one has doubts unresolved, for that I find

to be the folly of learning in small matters, but neglecting the big ones. Even medicine men, musicians and handicraftsmen do not think it disgraceful to learn from each other. When one of the literati calls another man his "teacher"and himself his "student" people will get together and invariably laugh at him. If you ask them why they are laughing, they will say that since he is almost of the same age and as erudite as another man, it would be degrading for him to call the other man "teacher" if the other man's social rank is lower than his; and it would be flattering if the other man's social rank is higher. Alas! It is clear that the tradition of learning from the teacher can no longer be restored. Medicine men, musicians and handicraftsmen are despised by the gentlemen. How strange it is that gentlemen are less wise than these people!

无灵主语句

英语无灵主语句语料库 ⅰ主语是某种心理感受,谓语选择creep, strike, seize, dawn, catch, worm into, grip, enter, register, overcome, take possession of, surround, give way to, desert, pass, tear等词。Fear gripped the village. 整个村庄笼罩在恐怖之中 Courage deserted him.他没有了勇气。 His presence of mind deserted him.他失去了沉着。 The earthquake struck the village two minutes ago. It dawns on me that *** 开始明白 A new dignity crept into his steps.他走起路来,又不知不觉新添了几分尊严。 My perception for free-loaders----welfare and food stamp recipients----had always been tinged with disdain. 过去,我一向都用轻蔑的眼光看待那些揩油的人——福利金和食品券的领取者。 His action was prompted by the fear of being attacked. 怕遭到攻击,他采取了行动。 Anxiety tore him into pieces. 他焦虑万分,肝肠寸断。 By now optimism had given way to doubt. 现在,乐观变成了怀疑。Anger choked my words.我气的说不出话。 ⅱ主语选择心理动作,谓语选择fill, give, make等“使…心理变化”的词汇。 The sight of the desolation filled me with forlornness. 看到着孤寂的

常见翻译短语和句型

翻译训练 考查词组和句型在具体语境中的运用能力。这类考题所涉及的主要搭配有: be good at (在……方面好,善于) be filled with (充满……) be angry with (对某人发脾气) be pleased with (对……感到满意) be afraid of (害怕) be full of (充满……) be proud of (以……自豪) be interested in (对……感兴趣) be excited about (对……感到兴奋) be late for(……迟到) be kind to(对某人亲切) be bad for(对……有害处) stop…(from)doing sth (阻止……做某事) spend…(in)doing sth(花费时间或金钱做某事) help…doing…(帮助某人做某事) not…until…(直到……才……) so…that…(如此……以致……) such…that…(如此……以致……) too…to… (太……而不能……) prefer doing A to doing B=prefer to do A rather than do B(宁愿做A事而不愿做B事)find it +形容词+to do sth(觉得做某事是……的) It's time to do sth(是做某事的时候了) let's…(我们做……吧)等等 1.接不定式作宾语的常用动词: afford to do sth. 担负得起做某事 agree to do sth. 赞同做某事 arrange to do sth.布置做某事 ask to do sth. 要求做某事 beg to do sth. 恳求做某事 care to do sth. 想要做某事 choose to do sth. 决议做某事 decide to do sth. 决议做某事 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 determine to do sth. 决心做某事 expect to do sth. 期望做某事 fear to do sth. 惧怕做某事 help to do sth. 协助做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 manage to do sth. 设法做某事 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 prepare to do sth. 预备做某事 pretend to do sth. 伪装做某事 promise to do sth. 承诺做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 want to do sth. 想要做某事 wish to do sth. 希望做某事 aim to do sth. 计划做某事 fail to do sth. 未能做某事 long to do sth. 盼望做某事

!!!!!无生命主语句

Inanimate Subject Sentence 无生命主语句(动作的执行者是无生命的) A.以时间、地点、事物等名词作主语 This century has witnessed dramatic changes in two key factors that define the physical reality of our relationship to the earth …vast areas were sometimes intentionally burned by people in their search for food. The problem is not our effect on the environment so much as our relationship with the environment. The consequences of all-out war between nations armed with nuclear weapons suddenly included the possibility of the destruction of both nations – completely and simultaneously. By midway through this century , at the end of WWⅡ,the number had risen to just above 2 billion people. …the word population will increase from 2 to more than 9 billion, and it is already more than halfway there. ... the sky itself offers another ghostly image that signals the loss of ecological balance now in progress. If the sky is clear after sunset... This ―noctilucent cloud ”occasionally appears when the earth is first cloaked in the evening darkness;... this clouds seem quite unnatural...

无灵主语

无灵主语 无灵主语,一种英语语法结构。英语里主语常用人称和非人称两种形式来表达。用非人称主语表达时,往往注重“什么事发生在什么人身上”。而汉语则较常用人称主语表达,侧重“什么人怎么样了”。英语中非人称作主语的句子主要有两种类型:1,从有无生命角度划分,主语可区分为有灵主语(animate) 和无灵主语(inanimate) 两类。无灵名词作主语,常翻译成各种状语,译成“由于……因此”,“因为……所以”,“在……之后”等等。非人称主语句采用“无灵主语”(inanimate subject),表示抽象概念、心理感觉、事物名称或时间地点等,但谓语却常常使用“有灵动词”(animate verb)表示人或社会团体的动作和行为,如:see,desert,find,bring,witness,give,escape,surround,kill,deprive,serve,send,know,tell,permit,invite,take,drive,prevent…from等,这类句子往往带有拟人化(personification)的修辞色彩。举几个例子: E.g. 1 Past experience has taught us that we should not depend on others for everything. E.g. 2 His name slips my mind. E.g. 3 A good idea suddenly strikes me. (I suddenly have a good idea!) E.g. 4 A strange peace came over her when she was alone. (She was peaceful when she was alone.) 2.用非人称代词“it”作主语。 E.g. 1 It never occurred to me that she was so dishonest. 摘要:本文从英汉思维差异角度出发,探讨了无灵主语句和有灵主语句的定义、无灵主语句的类型以及各种类型无灵主语的译法,旨在帮助中国学生更好地理解和运用无灵主语句,提高其英语应用水平。 关键词:思维差异;无灵名词;有灵名词;无灵主语;有灵主语 一、英汉思维差异语言和思维的关系一直是语言学家关注和讨论的话题。人们普遍认为,语言是思维的主要表现形式,而思维方式制约着语言结构。思维方式的差异是造成语言差异的一个重要原因。汉语和英语分别是东西方文化的两种载体,分属不同的语系,有着不同的思维方式。东方传统哲学思想强调“天人合一”、“主客一体”和“整体”;而西方传统哲学思想则强调“主客体分离”、“人物分立”和“个体”。这两种哲学观在思维上体现为:习惯于主体性思维方式的中国人往往从自我出发来理解、解释、描写客观世界中的事物,使语言表述带有主体性特征。在汉语里由于人为万物之灵的思想始终占统治地位,因此汉语较常用人称主语表达, 注重“什么人怎么样了”,当人称不言自明时,就用“有人”、“人们”、“大家”等泛指人称,有灵主语总是占绝对优势;而习惯于客体思维方式的英美人却常把观察或叙述的视点放在行为、动作的结果或承受者上,使语言表述带有客体性特征,因此,在英语中人们往往关注“什么事发生在什么人身上”。作主语的通常是人们最为关心的和最感兴趣的东西,人们无疑会用相应的无灵名词作句子的主语。西方特有的思维方式和英语语言本身的特点导致英语表达中大量无灵句的出现。英语多无灵主语句而汉语少有无灵主语句的现象反映了英汉思维方式上的较大差异。许多语言学家针对这种差异提出了各自的看法。钱歌川先生(1972)在《英文疑详解》的第一篇就是“无生物主语”。他说“我们说中文惯常用人或生物作主语,

翻译中的词语搭配

翻译中的词语搭配 作者:程水英北盟外语 [背景]由于英汉两种语言有着不同的表达习惯,我们在翻译一些常见的短语(联合式)时,要注意一个搭配的顺序问题。例如英语的track and field,track是“跑道,径赛”,“field”是“场地,田赛”,而汉语的习惯表达与之相反,通说为“田径”。 [目标]掌握一些更符合英文表达习惯的用法,在翻译和写作的时候力求准确而达意。 [攻略]I 顺序相同 1)up and down:上上下下,起伏地 The boat bobbed up and down in the water 那只小船在水中颠簸。 2)more or less:或多或少,有点儿 He more or less thought it was his duty to tell me. 他或多或少认为告诉我是他的责任。 3)rock and roll:摇滚乐 4)deaf and dumb:又聋又哑 5)heart and soul:全心全意地,满腔热情地 He devoted himself heart and soul to his work. 他全心全意地致力于工作。 6)day and night:日日夜夜,夜以继日 7)husband and wife:夫妻,夫妇 They have lived together as husband and wife for years. 他们结为夫妇共同生活了很多年。 8)black and white:(指电影、电视、照片等)黑白

I changed my black and white television for a color set. 我把黑白电视机换成了一台彩色的。 9)black and blue:青一块、紫一块的 10)wax and wane:(力量或重要性)兴衰,盛衰 Throughout history empires have waxed and waned. 历史上各个王朝均有兴衰。 11)home and abroad:国内外,海内外 Mount Tai attracts many tourists from home and abroad. 泰山吸引了许多海内外游客。 12)Ladies and gentlemen:女士们、先生们(用在发言的开始,虽然有时汉语也会说:“先生们,女士们”,但英语习惯始终是“ladies”在前面。) 13)from head to foot/toe:从头到脚,全身 The children were covered in mud from head to toe. 孩子们满身沾满了泥。 14)the First/Second World War: 第一次/第二次世界大战(也可以表示为World War I和World War II) 15)from first to last:自始至终,一贯 16)science and technology:科学技术,科技 Science and technology can reproduce productivity. 科学技术是第一生产力。 Qinghua Science and Technology Park 清华科技园 17)总书记:general secretary(不过“总领事”是“consul general”,“总司令”是“commander in chief”,另外“secretary ge neral”为“秘书长”。)

英语翻译 动词辨析(有灵动词与无灵动词)

按照动作的执行者是有生命的还是无生命的这一标准,英语和汉语的动词均可分为有灵动词和无灵动词。前者用在表示有生命的名词后,后者用在表示无生命的名词后。含有灵动词的句子称作有生命主语句,含无灵动词的句子称作无生命主语句。英语和汉语在有灵动词和无灵动词上的差别是:有灵动词与无灵动词在英语中无有明确的区别,即一个动词常常是既可用作有灵动词、又可用作无灵动词;而在汉语中这两类动词之间却有明确的区别,即一个用作有灵动词的动词不能同时用作无灵动词。例如: (1)One reliable source said that major tax changes were being considered by the Treasury. 据可靠消息,财政部正在考虑对税收办法作重大改革。 (2)John said that he would come this evening.约翰说他今晚来。 上述两例中的said 分别与表示无生命的事物的one reliable source 和表示 有生命的John搭配。前句是无生命主语句,后者是有生命主语句。动词say在前一例中用作无灵动词,在后一例中用作有灵动词。而汉语中与say相对应的动词是"说",它只能作有灵动词。如改作无灵动词,则很不符合汉语的表达习惯。英译汉时一是要弄清英语无生命主语句特点,二是对原句的结构和搭配必须作出相应的调整。 一、英语无生命主语句特点 从充当句子主语的词语来看,英语无生命主语句大致有下列几种类型: A. 以时间、地点等名词做主语的句子: (1)1949 saw the founding of the People's Republic of China.1949年中华人民共和国成立了。 (2)The minutes slipped by quickly.时间一分钟一分钟地溜过去了。 (3)Rome witnessed many great historic events.在罗马城发生过许多伟大历史性事件。 B. 表示生理、心理状态的名词和表示某种遭遇的名词做主语: (1)His illness prevented him from attending the conference.他因病未能参加会议。 (2)Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.这位曾使全世界发出笑声的人自己却饱受辛酸。 (3)Astonishment, apprehension, and even horror oppressed her.她感到心情抑郁,甚至惊恐不安。 C. 具有行为和动作意义的名词作主语:

无灵主语句

英语里主语常用人称和非人称两种形式来表达。用非人称主语表达时,往往注重“什么事发生在什么人身上”。而汉语则较常用人称主语表达,侧重“什么人怎么样了”。 如1. A terrible thought suddenly struck me—had I locked the door? 我突然产生了一个可怕的想法——我锁门了吗? 例2.A strange peace came over her when she was alone. 她独处时感到一种特别的安宁。 英语中非人称作主语的句子主要有两种类型: a非人称主语句采用“无灵主语”(inanimate subject),表示抽象概念、心理感觉、事物名称或时间地点等,但谓语却常常使用“有灵动词”(animate verb)表示人或社会团体的动作和行为,如:see,desert,find,bring,witness,give,escape,surround,kill,deprive,serve,send,know,tell,permit,invite,take,drive,prevent…from等,这类句子往往带有拟人化(personification)的修辞色彩(如上面两个例句)。 b用非人称代词“it”作主语 例如:It never occurred to me that she was so dishonest. 译文:我从没有想到她会这样的不诚实。 英语中的这类句子具备着含蓄幽默、生动活泼、客观公正、简洁凝练、句型多样等特点,所以使用广泛。但是由于汉、英两种语言属于不同的语系,所以在翻译这种无灵主语句时,要考虑到英语的思维方法,然后转换为汉语的思维方法,把句子的内在意义用汉语表达出来。下面就将非人称(impersonal)主语句英译汉的基本方法略作探讨。 1. 如果主语暗含着条件、因果、时间、地点、方式等意义时,用人作主语,把原来的主语翻译成各种形式的状语。 例如:The forty years, 1840-1880, brought almost ten million migrants to America. 译文:从1840至1880这四十年中,近一千万移民移居美国。 2. 当谓语动词是情感型使动词时,如:surprise,disappoint,excite,disturb,inspire,puzzle,annoy,trouble,irritate,shock等;或得失型动词,如:lost,get,gain,take,fail,save,win,leave等,翻译时可保留主语,把谓语动词转译成“使……”结构。 例如 1) The beautiful scenery gained the place quite a reputation. 译文:美景使这个地方颇有名气。 2). Her habit of biting her nails irritates me. 译文:她咬指甲的习惯使我生气。 3. 把原句中表示生命概念的词变成主语,引申谓语动词的词义,并采用逆行翻译法。 例如:1) When he had to speak ,his confidence suddenly deserted him. 译文:当他不得不说话时,他突然失去了信心。 2) It seems that a very difficult decision now faces him. 译文:他好象面临着困难的抉择。 4. 当有灵动词是某些感官动词,如:see,witness,speak,tell等时,保留无灵主语,引申动词词义。比如,有时可把谓语动词引申为含有“显示”,“表明”,“产生”等意义的词。例如:The blood-stained glove told of the bandit's crime. 译文:血迹斑斑的手套就是匪徒的罪证。 5. 重新确定主语,引申动词词义。 例如:It is generally felt that his appointment was a grave mistake. 译文:现在许多人觉得,当时对他的任命是个严重的错误。 6. 译成汉语的无主句。

英汉翻译词汇搭配

英汉翻译中的词汇搭配问题 Collocation in the Translation Between English and Chinese 代绍荣许芳 摘要:在英汉翻译中,词汇搭配问题不容忽视。本文试图通过一些实例说明词汇搭配的规律,并探讨解决词汇搭配问题的办法以及考虑这个问题的角度。 关键词:英汉翻译词汇搭配现象分析解决办法考虑角度 Abstract: Collocation is highly worth special attention in the translation work between English and Chinese. This article attempts to illustrate some general principles for collocation in translation , and proposes solutions to this problem and the seven angles from which to consider this problem. Key words: translation between English and Chinese collocation phenomenon analysis solution consideration angles 在翻译活动中,对原文的正确理解是做好翻译工作的基础,而对原文中词汇的恰当翻译是做好翻译工作的重点。在词汇翻译过程中,我们会不可避免地遇到词汇搭配问题。这个问题不解决好,翻译活动就没法进行下去,或者就不会译出好的作品来。本文拟就英汉翻译活动中经常遇到的各种词汇搭配问题作一分析,并提出解决的办法,以供参考。 一 在英汉两种语言当中,都有一些可以直接对译成目的语的词汇,包括简单的词、短语和习语等。它们的意义比较容易理解和把握,在目的语中有比较明显的对应词汇。这种直译不影响原文的意义和风格,是词汇翻译中最简单的一种,例如: He is a diligent student。 他是个勤奋的学生。 也因为如此,这类翻译中的词汇搭配问题比较容易解决,又例如: I bought a bunch of red roses for my girlfriend. 我买了一束红攻瑰送给女朋友。 这种搭配大多是因为下面的原因: (1)词汇本身意义不复杂,如diligent, bunch等。 (2)两个词汇经常搭配使用,形成惯用法。如:a lucky dog(幸运儿), watch TV(看电视), crude oil (原油) 等。 (3)涉及专用词汇,如in China 等 虽然这种情况下的翻译比较简单,但我们还是要注意弄清原文中每个词汇的含义,选择恰当的目的语词汇来翻译。 二 大多数情况下,词汇的翻译并不是那么容易的,需要我们动一番脑筋。词汇的搭配对所涉及的每个词汇的具体含义起相当大的限制作用。特别是有些词,本身含义比较广泛,词性也比较多,当它们和不同的词搭配时,具有不同的含义,这就需要我们熟读原文,弄清原文的准确含义、文体风格、表现手法,然后在目的语中捕捉最贴切的词汇来翻译。下面举一个例子: free competition 自由竞争free room 空房间 free medical care 公费医疗free goods 免税货物 free bloomer 开花多的植物free state 游离状态 free gait 从容和步伐free wind 顺风

流体力学英语词汇翻译(2)

流体力学英语词汇翻译(2) 流体力学英语词汇翻译(2)流体力学英语词汇翻译(2)动量厚度momentum thickness 能量厚度energy thickness 焓厚度enthalpy thickness 注入injection 吸出suction 泰勒涡taylor vortex 速度亏损律velocity defect law 形状因子shape factor 测速法anemometry 粘度测定法visco[si] metry 流动显示flow visualization 油烟显示oil smoke visualization 孔板流量计orifice meter 频率响应frequency response 油膜显示oil film visualization 阴影法shadow method 纹影法schlieren method 烟丝法smoke wire method

丝线法tuft method 氢泡法nydrogen bubble method 相似理论similarity theory 相似律similarity law 部分相似partial similarity 定理pi theorem, buckingham theorem 静[态]校准static calibration 动态校准dynamic calibration 风洞wind tunnel 激波管shock tube 激波管风洞shock tube wind tunnel 水洞water tunnel 拖曳水池towing tank 旋臂水池rotating arm basin 扩散段diffuser 测压孔pressure tap 皮托管pitot tube 普雷斯顿管preston tube 斯坦顿管stanton tube 文丘里管venturi tube u形管u-tube 压强计manometer

无灵主语句的翻译

无灵主语句的翻译 王宪生 “无灵主语” (inanimate subject) 是指没有生命的物体作主语,尤其是抽象名词。英语和汉语里都有无灵主语,但英语用的多,汉语用的少。这一用法差异应该和中西文化的差异有关。中国文化强调主客同构,西方文化强调主客对立。汉语即便说到事物,也总要和人拉上关系,从人的立场上来说它。英语即便说到人,甚至是说到自己,也往往会把他推到客体的位置,自己好像置身事外似的冷眼旁观。所以,英语能用无灵主语就不用有灵主语,汉语正相反,能用有灵主语就不用无灵主语。 英语的无灵主语句可分为两类。一类是纯粹描写事物,一点“人气”也没有。另一类描写的是人,但偏不用人作主语,甚至把人“排挤”到很不重要的位置。这里不说第一类,只说说第二类。这一类的句子一般有两种翻译方法。较常用的是将其转换为汉语的有灵主语句,另一种是仍然保留无灵主语。用哪一种方法,只能视情况而定。如果两种方法都能用,那就尽量转换成有灵主语句。 英语的无灵主语句看似简单,实际上想译得地道却不太容易。另外顺便一提,我发现英语无灵主语句的掌握是中国学生的一个薄弱环节,多数人都用不好,主要是缺乏意识。有的学生写记叙文只会用“I”、“He”、“They”等人称代词作主语,无灵主语句基本不会用,这样写出来的只能是披着英语外衣的汉语,离地道的英语差得远。可以这么说,能否熟练使用英语的无灵主语句,是英语是否成熟的一个重要标志。要译好无灵主语句,自己要首先掌握好无灵主语句。自己都掌握不好,想译好是很困难的。 今天先出几个简单的句子。 例一:The boxer’s experience told in his favor. 例二:The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late. 例三:Jane’s kindly and gentle nature could not but revolt at her sister’s callous behavior. 例四:His reading inspired him.

词汇翻译课2

catti翻译大课堂 词汇第二话:心理有它所有人便知 By :帅气的王俊老师汉语中四字成语的翻译? ?日益昌盛become increasingly prosperous ?快速发展develop rapidly ?隆重集会gather ceremoniously ?问题四字成语的翻译宝宝到底该怎么办? ? 1.直译法 ? E.g. 日益强盛:become increasingly prosperous ?快速发展: develop rapidly ? 2.等量代换翻译法 ?在汉语与英语中有些词义是相对应的关系,这时可以用相对应的英语来翻译相应的汉语。 ? E.g.隔墙有耳:walks have ears. ?火上浇油:to add fuel to the flame ? 3.意译法 ?无法直译的四字习语,可以采用这样的翻译方法。 ? E.g. 落花流水用来表达被打败的意思,翻译成to be shattered to pieces.

?乌烟瘴气意思为:情形混乱不堪,可用chaos ?开门见山:to come to the point ?扬眉吐气:to feel proud and elated ?不到黄河心不死not stop until one reaches one’s goal ?穷棒子闹翻身,是八仙过海,各显其能。 ?When we pass from the old society to the new, each of us shows his true worth. ?注:由于八仙过海是带有中国神话特色的典故,所以无法找出英语中相对应的语言来进行表述,所以就要进行意译。?人山人海:people mountain people sea ?可以翻译成the sea of faces ? 5.本源法。 ?有些外来语,翻译时一定要还原其本意,将其本来的意思翻译出来,这样才能翻译出符合外来语本意的英文。 ?夹着尾巴:with the tail between the legs. ?战争贩子:war-monger ? 6.转换法。 ?此类词语一般都是名词+形容词的结构,所以在翻译时一定要调换词汇的位置。 ?物美价廉:first-rate goods with the reasonable price ?地大物博:vast territory and abundant resources

英语写作及翻译中100个高频词语搭配

英语写作及翻译中100个高频词语搭配 1.经济的快速发展the rapid development of economy 2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard 3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology 4.面临新的机遇和挑战be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5.人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that… 6.社会发展的必然结果the inevitable result of social development 7.引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8.不可否认It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that… 9.热烈的讨论/ 争论a heated discussion/ debate 10. 有争议性的问题a controversial issue 11.完全不同的观点a totally different argument 12.一些人…而另外一些人…Some people…while others… 13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言As far as I am concerned, / Personally,/ in my opinion 14.就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on… 15.有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons 16.双方的论点argument on both sides 17.发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in… 18.对…必不可少be indispensable to … 19.正如谚语所说As the proverb goes: 20.…也不例外…be no exception 21.对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/ negative effects on… 22.利远远大于弊the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 23.导致,引起lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 24.复杂的社会现象a complicated social phenomenon 25.责任感/ 成就感sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 26. 竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation 27. 开阔眼界widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision 28.学习知识和技能acquire knowledge and skills 29.经济/心理负担financial burden / psychological burden 30.考虑到诸多因素take many factors into account/ consideration 31. 从另一个角度from another perspective 32.做出共同努力make joint efforts 33. 对…有益be beneficial / conducive to… 34.为社会做贡献make contributions to the society 35.打下坚实的基础lay a solid foundation for… 36.综合素质comprehensive quality 37.无可非议blameless / beyond reproach 39.致力于/ 投身于be committed / devoted to… 40. 应当承认Admittedly, 41.不可推卸的义务unshakable duty

Unit 2-词语表达翻译练习

Unit 2 1-blast forth---我正津津有味地看精彩的足球赛,突然楼上爆响起摇滚乐。 enjoy a wonderful football game / from upstairs / blast forth / rock music I was enjoying a wonderful football game when rock music blasted forth from upstairs. 2----虽然也有节奏,但我恐怕那还不是真正的音乐。 I’m not sure it is really music, though it does have rhythm. 3----尽管他们的计划听上去很完美,但不一定行得通。sound perfect / work I'm not sure their plan will work, though it does sound perfect. 4----您听一下吧,您肯定会喜欢的。Listen for a minute; I’m sure you’ll like it. 5----改进你的思维模式,这肯定会给你的学习带来新的面貌。 improve your way of thinking / bring a new look to sth. Improve your way of thinking; I’m sure that will bring a new look to your study. 6-reach for--- 什么机会你都可能会遇到,关键是怎样去抓住它。 any opportunity / come one’s way Any opportunity may come your way, but the point is how you reach (out) for it. 7- as well as---网恋不论从理论上来说还是实际结果显示都远不尽人意。 cyber romance / in theory / in practice / far from perfect In theory as well as in practice, cyber romance is far from perfect. 8-as usual--- 她和往常一样静静地躺着,回想着一天来自己做的事情。 in peace and quiet / go over in one’s mind As usual, she lay in peace and quiet, going over in her mind what she had done for the day. 9-be done---木已成舟(生米做成熟饭)。 not be undone What’s done cannot be undone. 10- bolt out of ---听到取消考试的消息后,他冲出教室玩去了。 at the news that … / be canceled / seek fun At the news that the exam had been canceled, he bolted out of the classroom to seek fun. 11----one’s stomach is full of knots/ have knots in one’s stomach 她有几门考试没通过,使她心烦意乱。fail in sth. / make one’s stomach filled with knots She failed in quite a few exams, which made her stomach filled with knots. 12---- make one’s blood boil他生活的坏习惯使她如此恼火以致提出了离婚。 bad habits of living / so … that / come up with / divorce His bad habits of living made her blood boil so much that she came up with divorce. 13-我想我还不至于老得落伍吧,可没完没了地听那不成曲调、叫人心烦的歌着实让我生气。 I don’t think I’m old-fashioned, but hearing those tuneless, offensive lyrics repeatedly makes my blood boil. 14----我想我并不多愁善感,但那部影片却着实让我感动得落泪了。 emotional / move one to tears I don’t think I’m an emotional person, but watching that film did move me to tears. 15- appeal to---分享幽默短信对女孩子和男孩子同样具有吸引力。 share sth. with each other / humorous messages / as much … as Sharing humorous messages with each other appeals as much to girls as to boys. 16- get rid of--- 人越想摆脱某个想法,越难如愿。be eager to do sth. / to make it The more eager one is to get rid of some idea, the harder it is for one to make it. 17----我想我们应该感到幸运了,因为对我们来说女儿的最大问题还只是化化妆。 I suppose we should feel lucky because makeup is our biggest problem with her. 18----我想我们应该为儿子取得的进步感到骄傲了,因为他去年考试还垫底儿呢。 feel proud of / sb.’s progress / come bottom in an exam I suppose we should feel proud of our son’s progress because he came bottom in the exam last year. 19----我担心那种音乐对桑迪可能会产生负面影响。 What worries me is that music could have a negative influence on Sandy. 20----父母担心女儿在异地不会照顾好自己。take good care of oneself / in a strange place What worried the parents was that the daughter could not take good care of herself in a strange place.

什么是无灵主语

什么是无灵主语? 无灵主语的概念极为简单:有无生命的事物做主语来展开句子。其实它向我们传达的只是一种思维,一种思考的方式而已。什么是无灵主语? Eg: I love everbody.译为:我爱大家。如果出现在口语中,这样的表达当然最为清晰,但如果出现在写作中,如下表达可能更为生动一些:My love goes to everbody.从例子可以看出,用客观的事物love代替有生命的I,这就是无灵主语的实质。 但我们为什么要使用无灵主语,它究竟有什么优点呢? (1)增加主语的多样性。往往在写作时,我们会反复用同一有生命的词作主语,使语句显得单调,重复。这些总在不经意之间常常发生。 Eg: We don’t think so.If we want light,we must conquer darkness. 三个we的使用,使句子显得平淡,甚至别扭,但如果稍加变动,句子会显得协调的多。 ① We don’t think so.If we want light,darkness must be conquered. ② This idea can’ t acquire our acceptance,If we want light,we must conquer darkness. (2)使语言更生动化。将无生命的事物作主语而展开的句子,往往会用上比喻、拟人等修辞手法,语言随之提升一个档次。 Eg: 青少年常常沉迷于网络。 Indulge(sb) in, be addicted in; Be absorbed in; pay attention to;concentrate on. Internet is Pandora’s Box for youth. 这也就是无灵主语的难点所在,也是华丽之处:并不是简单的主动语态变为被动语态,而是用主动语态去表达被动意义。 Eg: People accepted the fact.人们接受这个事实。并不是简单地变为 The fact was accepted by people.而应当更为形象的用主动语态表示“事实被人们接受”这个被动意义。人们接受这个事实,就是这个事实获得人们的认可:The fact acquired people’ s acceptance. 其实要写这样的句子并不难,只要掌握这种思想,加上一段时间的练习,肯定会下笔如有神。(3)使表达更为客观。主语是有生命的事物时,展开的句子往往带有该有生命物质的主观感情色彩,而如果是无灵主语,则表达很客观。无灵主语并不是英语的专利,在汉语中其实我们也常常用到。 Eg: 我们从生活中学到——可以表述为“生活告诉我们——” Life has told us that------ 这就是一个漂亮的无灵主语的应用 Eg: 海外华人时刻关注祖 国。可以表述为“祖国时刻牵动着海外华人的 心” Motherland,always,is drawing the heart of overseas Chinese. 英语常用无生命的名词作主语, 这是英语和汉语在句子构成方面的一个重要差别。 引起这种差别的原因很多,最主要的恐怕是由于不同民族的不同思维习惯所致。 从动作的执行者是有无生命的这一点来看,英语和汉语的动词均可分为有生命动词和无生命动词。 有生命动词与无生命动词在英语中没有明确的区别,即一个动词常常是 既可用作有生命动词、又可用作无生命动词;而在汉语中这两类动词之间却有明确的区别。 汉语中有生命动词表示人和人类社会组织才有的行为或动作, 如:看、哭、送、说、写、讲、拿等;无生命动词表示无生命事物的一些无意识运动、作用或变化,如:吸引、相排斥、变等。 在中国人的思维中,往往以人为中心,认为只有人类和人类社会组织才会有上述有生命动词表示的行为和动作,无生命的事物和现象只能用无生命动词表示动作。所以有生命动词做谓语时不能以无生命名词或代词作主语。 在英美人的思维中,往往更注意客观事物和现象对人的作用和影响,反映在语言表达上就是

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