国际经济学作业答案-第五章
Chapter 5 The Standard Trade Model
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The concept “terms of trade” means
(a) the amount of exports sold by a country.
(b) the price conditions bargained for in international markets.
(c) the price of a country’s exports divided by the price of its imports.
(d) the quantities of imports received in free trade.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
2. A country cannot produce a mix of products with a higher value than where
(a) the isovalue line intersects the production possibility frontier.
(b) the isovalue line is tangent to the production possibility frontier.
(c) the isovalue line is above the production possibility frontier.
(d) the isovalue line is below the production possibility frontier.
(e) the isovalue line is tangent with the indifference curve.
Answer: B
3. Tastes of individuals are represented by
(a) the production possibility frontier.
(b) the isovalue line.
(c) the indifference curve.
(d) the production function.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
4. If P C/P F were to increase in the international marketplace, then
(a) all countries would be better off.
(b) the terms of trade of cloth exporters improve.
(c) the terms of trade of food exporters improve.
(d) the terms of trade of all countries improve.
(e) None of the above
Answer: B
50 Krugman/Obstfeld ?Seventh Edition
5. If P C/P F were to increase,
(a) the cloth exporter would increase the quantity of cloth exports.
(b) the cloth exporter would increase the quantity of cloth produced.
(c) the food exporter would increase the quantity of food exports.
(d) Both (a) and (c).
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
6. If P C/P F were to increase,
(a) world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded would increase.
(b) world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded would decrease.
(c) world relative quantity of cloth supplied would increases.
(d) world relative quantity of cloth demanded would decrease.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
7. When the production possibility frontier shifts out relatively more in one direction, we have
(a) biased growth.
(b) unbiased growth.
(c) immiserizing growth.
(d) balanced growth.
(e) imbalanced growth.
Answer: A
8. Export-biased growth in Country H will
(a) improve the terms of trade of Country H.
(b) trigger anti-bias regulations of the WTO.
(c) worsen the terms of trade of Country F (the trade partner).
(d) improve the terms of trade of Country F.
(e) decrease economic welfare in Country H.
Answer: D
9. Immiserizing growth is
(a) likely to occur if the exporting country is poor.
(b) likely to occur if the exporting country is rich.
(c) likely to occur when terms of trade change.
(d) likely to occur if relative supplies are elastic.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: E
Chapter 5 The Standard Trade Model 51 10. If the U.S. Agency for International Development transfers funds to poor countries in Sub-Saharan
Africa, this must
(a) worsen the U.S. terms of trade.
(b) improve the U.S. terms of trade.
(c) worsen the terms of trade of the African aid recipients.
(d) improve the terms of trade of the African aid recipients.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: E
11. If the poor USAID recipient countries have a higher marginal propensity to consume each and every
product than does the United States, then such aid will
(a) worsen the U.S. terms of trade.
(b) improve the U.S. terms of trade.
(c) leave the world terms of trade unaffected.
(d) worsen the terms of trade of both donor and recipient countries.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
12. If the U.S. has a higher marginal propensity to consume (MPC) imports as compared to both its
MPC for exportables and nontradables, then such aid will
(a) worsen the U.S. terms of trade.
(b) improve the U.S. terms of trade.
(c) leave the world terms of trade unaffected.
(d) worsen the terms of trade of both donor and recipient countries.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
13. If the U.S. (a large country) imposes a tariff on its imported good, this will tend to
(a) have no effect on terms of trade.
(b) improve the terms of trade of all countries.
(c) improve the terms of trade of the United States.
(d) cause a deterioration of U.S. terms of trade.
(e) raise the world price of the good imported by the United States.
Answer: C
14. If the U.S. (a large country) imposes a tariff on its imported good, this will
(a) have no effect on economic welfare.
(b) improve the terms of trade of all countries.
(c) improve the economic welfare of the United States.
(d) harm the economic welfare of U.S.’ trading partners.
(e) None of the above
Answer: D
52 Krugman/Obstfeld ?Seventh Edition
15. A country will be able to consume a bundle which is not attainable solely from domestic production
only if
(a) the world terms of trade differ from its domestic relative costs.
(b) the country specializes in one product.
(c) the country avoids international trade.
(d) the world terms of trade equal the domestic relative costs.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
16. Terms of trade refers to
(a) what goods are imported.
(b) what goods are exported.
(c) the volume of trade.
(d) the prices at which trade occurs.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
17. If a country’s (net-barter) terms of trade increase (“improve”) we know from this th at economic
welfare in this country
(a) increases
(b) increases, but only relative to that of its trade partners
(c) is unchanged
(d) decreases
(e) None of the above
Answer: E
18. If points a and b are both on the production possibility frontier of a country, then
(a) consumers are indifferent between the two bundles.
(b) producers are indifferent between the two bundles.
(c) at any point in time, the country could produce both.
(d) Both cost the same.
(e) The country could produce either of the two bundles.
Answer: E
19. If the economy is producing at point a on its production possibility frontier, then
(a) all of the country’s workers are specialized in one product.
(b) all of the county’s capital is used for one product.
(c) all of the county’s workers ar e employed.
(d) all of its capital is used, but not efficiently.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
Chapter 5 The Standard Trade Model 53 20. If at point A on the production possibility frontier, and the community indifference curve cuts
through point a from northwest to southeast, then the optimal autarky production bundle is
(a) at point A.
(b) to the right of point A.
(c) to the left of point A.
(d) to the northeast of point A.
(e) to the southwest of point A.
Answer: B
21. A bundle indicated by a point to the northeast of the production possibility frontier is
(a) unattainable at a point in time.
(b) unattainable at a point in time without international trade.
(c) unattainable at a point in time without domestic trade.
(d) unattainable as a consumption point.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
22. If two countries with diminishing returns and different marginal rates of substitution between two
products were to engage in trade, then
(a) the shapes of their respective production possibility frontiers would change.
(b) the marginal rates of substitution of both would become equal.
(c) the larger of the two countries would dominate their trade.
(d) the country with relatively elastic supplies would export more.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
23. If a country began exporting product A and importing product B, then, as compared to the autarky
(no-trade) situation, the marginal cost of product A will
(a) increase.
(b) decrease.
(c) shift outward.
(d) shift inward.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
24. If, beginning from a free trade equilibrium, the (net barter) terms of trade improve for a country,
then it will
(a) increase production of its import competing good.
(b) increase consumption of its export good.
(c) increase the quantity of its imports.
(d) experience an export-biased shift in its production possibility frontier.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
54 Krugman/Obstfeld ?Seventh Edition
25. If a small country were to levy a tariff on its imports then this would
(a) have no effect on that country’s economic welfare.
(b) increase the country’s economic welfare.
(c) decrease the coun try’s economic welfare.
(d) change the terms of trade.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
26. An increase in a country’s net commodity terms of trade will always
(a) increase the country’s economic welfare.
(b) increase the country’s real income.
(c) increas e the country’s quantity of exports.
(d) increase the country’s production of its import competing good.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: E
27. After WWI, Germany was forced to make large reparations—transfers of real income- to France. If
the marginal prope nsity to consume was equal in both countries, and if France’s demand was biased toward food (relative to Germany’s demand pattern) then we would expect to find
(a) the world’s relative price for food remains unchanged.
(b) the world’s relative price for fo od increase.
(c) the world’s relative price for food decrease.
(d) the world relative price for both food and non-food rise.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
28. If we add to Question 27 that France exported manufactures, whereas Germany exported food, then
the reparations from Germany to France would
(a) improve France’s international terms of trade.
(b) cause France’ terms of trade to deteriorate.
(c) cause both France’ and Germany’s terms of trade to deteriorate.
(d) cause both France’ and Germany’s term s of trade to improve.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
29. If a country lent money to another, this must
(a) lower the terms of trade of the recipient country.
(b) lower the terms of trade of both countries.
(c) improve the terms of trade of the recipient country.
(d) improve the terms of trade of the donor country
(e) None of the above.
Answer: E
Chapter 5 The Standard Trade Model 55 30. During the 19th Century, economic growth of the major trading countries was biased toward
manufactures and away from food. The less developed countries of that time were net exporters of food. From this information, we would expect to have observed
(a) falling terms of trade for the less developed countries.
(b) improving (rising) terms of trade for the less developed countries.
(c) no change at all in the terms of trade of the less developed countries.
(d) a decrease in the relative price of food.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
31. Immiserizing growth could occur to
(a) a poor country experiencing export-biased economic growth.
(b) a poor country experiencing import-biased economic growth.
(c) a poor country experiencing growth in its non-traded sector.
(d) a poor country experiencing capital-intensive biased growth.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
32. A large country experiencing import-biased economic growth will tend to experience
(a) positive terms of trade.
(b) deteriorating terms of trade.
(c) improving terms of trade.
(d) immiserizing terms of trade.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
33. In the period preceding the recent Financial Crisis in Asia, the South East Asian countries were
receiving large inflows of financial capital. Following John Maynard Keynes’ theory, this should have caused
(a) a glut in their banking asset situation.
(b) an improvement in their terms of trade.
(c) deterioration in their terms of trade.
(d) a fluctuation upward and then downward in their terms of trade.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
34. If Slovenia is a small country in world trade terms, then if it imposes a large series of tariffs on
many of its imports, this would
(a) have no effect on its terms of trade.
(b) improve its terms of trade.
(c) deteriorate its terms of trade.
(d) decrease its marginal propensity to consume.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
56 Krugman/Obstfeld ?Seventh Edition
35. If Slovenia is a large country in world trade, then if it imposes a large set of tariffs on many of its
imports, this would
(a) have no effect on its terms of trade.
(b) improve its terms of trade.
(c) deteriorate its terms of trade.
(d) decrease its marginal propensity to consume.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
36. If Slovenia were a large country in world trade, then if it imposes a large set of tariffs on its imports,
this must
(a) cause retaliation on the part of its trade partners.
(b) harm Slovenia’s real income.
(c) improve Slovenia’s real income.
(d) improve the real income of its trade partners.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: E
37. If Slovenia were a large country in world trade, then if it instituted a large set of subsidies for its
exports, this must
(a) have no effect on its terms of trade.
(b) improve its terms of trade.
(c) deteriorate its terms of trade.
(d) decrease its marginal propensity to consume.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
38. If Slovenia were a large country in world trade, then if it instituted a large set of subsidies for its
exports, this must
(a) cause retaliation on the part of its trade partners.
(b) harm Slovenia’s real income.
(c) improve Slovenia’s real income.
(d) improve the real income of its trade partners.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
39. If the United States exports skilled-labor intensive products and services, then we should expect
unions representing skilled labor to
(a) lobby in favor of tariffs.
(b) lobby against the imposition of tariffs.
(c) be indifferent to the issue of tariffs.
(d) lobby in favor of improved terms of trade.
(e) Not enough information.
Answer: E
Chapter 5 The Standard Trade Model 57 40. If the United States exports skilled-labor intensive products and services, then we should expect
unions representing unskilled labor to
(a) lobby in favor of tariffs.
(b) lobby against the imposition of tariffs.
(c) be indifferent to the issue of tariffs.
(d) lobby in favor of improved terms of trade.
(e) Not enough information.
Answer: B
41. If a there are no international loans or capital flows, then if a country’s terms of trade improve, we
would find that
(a) the value of its exports exceeds the value of its imports.
(b) the value of its exports becomes less than that of its imports.
(c) the value of its exports exactly equals that of its imports.
(d) the quantity of its exports equals that of its imports.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
42. If the U.S. Agency for International Development transfers funds to poor countries in Sub-Saharan
Africa, the conventional assumption, following Keynes’ analysis would presume that this would
tend to
(a) worsen the U.S. terms of trade.
(b) improve the U.S. terms of trade.
(c) worsen the terms of trade of the African aid recipients.
(d) improve the terms of trade of the African aid recipients.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
Essay Questions
1. Other things bei ng equal, a rise in a country’s terms of trade increases its welfare. What would
happen if we relax the ceteris paribus assumption, and allow for the law of demand to operate
internationally?
Answer: Let us assume that the terms of trade (or technically the net commodity terms of trade) improve, thus the relative price of a country’s exports increase. This would, logically, lead
to a shift away by world consumers to substitute goods. If the demand for a country’s
exports is elastic, the quantity decrease would be proportionally larger than the per unit
price increase. This term of trade effect would actually lower the country’s real income
and economic welfare.
58 Krugman/Obstfeld ?Seventh Edition
2. If a country’s growth is biased in favor of its import, this should unequivocally improve its terms of
trade and its economic welfare. Discuss.
Answer: Suppose Japan experiences economic growth biased in favor of its import substitutes. For example, assume that Japan imports components and exports final goods, but that it
experiences a major growth in its components manufacture sector. Since Japan is
internationally a large country in these markets, this would tend to hurt its component
supplier’s terms of trade (and help Japan’s). However, such a bias in economic growth
may tend to lessen the volume of international trade. At an extreme, Japan may become an
exporter of components and an importer of final goods. If the result is a lessening of
specialization and of the volume of trade, then this effect will lower Japan’s welfare
associated with gains from trade. If an actual change in the pattern of comparative
advantage occurs (a possibility) this may cause dynamic dislocations whose harm
overpowers static gains for a relatively long period of time.
3. It is impossible for economic growth in a small country to lower that country’s economic welfare,
regardless of the bias of the growth. Explain.
Answer: This is a true statement. The reason economic growth may hurt a country is if the terms of trade effect counters and dominates the growth effect. In the case of the small country
there is no terms of trade effect.
4. At the conclusion of World War I, Germany, as a punishment, was obliged to make a large transfer
to France in the form of reparations. Is it possible that the actual reparations may have improved
Germany’s economic welfare?
Answer: Such a result is not likely. However, theoretically, if France’s income elasticity of demand for Germany’s exports was higher than Germany’s income elasticity of demand for its
own exportable, then the real income transfer associated with these reparations may have
improved Germany’s terms of trade, and improved its balance of payments, thus helping
Germany in manner unanticipated in the Treaty of Verssaille. Explain.
5. An export subsidy has the opposite effect on terms of trade to the effect of an import tariff.
Domestically a tariff will raise the price of the import good, deteriorating the domestic terms of
trade. A production subsidy for the export product will lower the local price of the export good,
lowering the domestic terms of trade for the country. Hence the export subsidy and the import tariff have the same effect. This analysis seems to contradict the first sentence in this paragraph. Discuss this paradox.
Answer: While this (Lerner) equivalence may well occur domestically, internationally the tariff will improve a country’s terms of trade. An export subsidy on the other hand will in fact
lower the international price of the (now readily available) export good, hence hurting a
country’s terms of trade.
6. If a country’s net barter terms of trade improve (increase), it is possible that this could decrease the
value of its exports demanded, and hence harm its economic welfare. Discuss this possibility. What alternative measure for “terms of trade” does this suggest?
Answer: An “improvement” in the terms of trade occurs when the price of a country’s exports rises by more than the price of its imports. If demand for this country’s exports is inelastic, then
this could decrease demand for its exports in the world. This is treated under the topics of
the Marshal-Lerner conditions for the effects of a depreciation on the balance of payments.
This suggests that we may wish to use some kind of “income terms of trade,” the would
explicitly consider both changes in relative tradeables prices, and also quantities of export
(the latter not dealt with by the net barter terms of trade).
Chapter 5 The Standard Trade Model 59 Quantitative/Graphing Problems
1. Albania refused to engage in international trade for ideological reasons. To maximize its economic
welfare it would choose to produce at which point in the diagram above? Suppose the P A/P B at point
a was equal to 1. Given this information, in which good (A or B) does Albania enjoy a comparative
advantage?
Now that the Cold War is over, Albania is interested in obtaining economic welfare gains from trade.
The relevant international relative price is P A/P B = 2. Albania would therefore choose to produce at which point (a, b, or c)? Given this additional information, in which good does Albania enjoy a
comparative advantage?
Answer: Albania would choose to produce at point a. With no reference to world terms of trade, one cannot establish Albania’s comparative advantage.
Later, when Albania discovers that the relative price of A equals twice the price of B, it
knows that it has a comparative advantage in A. Therefore Albania would produce at
production point b.
2. Now, suppose that the relative price of A is actually not higher than Albania’s autarkic level of 1,
but quite the opposite (e.g. P A/P B = 0.5). Would Albania still be able to gain from trade? If so, where would be its production point? Given the information in this question, where is Albania’s
comparative advantage?
Answer: Yes. As long as the world’s terms of trade differed from those of Albania, that country stands to gain from international trade. In this particular case, its point of production with
trade would be at point c.
60 Krugman/Obstfeld ?Seventh Edition
3. Suppose, as a result of various dynamic factors associated with exposure to international
competition, Albania’s economy grew, and is now represented by the rightmost production
possibility frontier in the Figure above. If its point of production with trade was point c, would you consider this growth to be export-biased or import biased? If Albania were a large country with
respect to the world trade of A and B, how would this growth affect Albania’s terms of trade? Its real income?
Answer: If point c is the production point with trade, then Albania has a comparative advantage in good B. Therefore, from the shape of the new production possibility frontier (as compared
to the original one), this is clearly an export-biased growth. This ceteris paribus would
tend to worsen Albania’s terms of trade. The terms of trade effect would, again ceteris
paribus, worsen its real income. However, the growth itself acts in the opposite direction.
4. Suppose, as a result of various dynamic factors associated with exposure to international
competition, Albania’s economy grew, and is now represented by the rightm ost production
possibility frontier in the Figure above. If its point of production with trade was point b, would you consider this growth to be export-biased or import biased? If Albania were a large country with
respect to the world trade of A and B, how would this growth affect Albania’s terms of trade? Its real income? What if Albania were a small country?
Answer: If the production with trade point was point b,then the observed growth is a case of import-biased growth, and would improve Albania’s terms of trade. If Albania were a
small country, the world’s terms of trade would not change at all. In such a case,
economic growth (with no induced change in income distributions) would always increase
its real income.
Chapter 5 The Standard Trade Model 61 5. Suppose Albania is exporting product B, and experienced economic growth biased in favor of
product B as seen in the Figure above. We are also told that Albania’s new consumption point is at point d. Would you still consider the economic growth, which took place biased in favor of B? If Albania were a large country how would this growth affect its terms of trade?
Answer: This is a relatively difficult case. On the one hand, the growth is still technically export biased. However, Albania’s consumption clearly shifted in favor of its import prod uct, A.
In this case, the deterioration in the terms of trade would be much more pronounced than
before, and may lead to a case of immiserizing growth. However, for this to occur, there
must have been a major shift in the taste patterns (the old community indifference map is
not longer applicable). Therefore, when we try to judge the direction and magnitude of the
welfare change, we are comparing the old versus new taste preferences, which raises the
classic index number problem.
国际经济学作业答案第一章
Chapter 1 Introduction Multiple Choice Questions Historians of economic thought often describe ___________ written by _______ and published in __________ as the first real exposition of an economic model. “Of the Balance of Trade,” David Hume, 1776 “Wealth of Nations,” David Hume, 1758 “Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith, 1758 “Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith, 1776 “Of the Balance of Trade,” David Hume, 1758 Answer: E From 1959 to 2000, the U.S. economy roughly tripled in size. U.S. imports roughly tripled in size. the share of US Trade in the economy roughly tripled in size. U.S. Imports roughly tripled as compared to U.S. exports. U.S. exports roughly tripled in size. Answer: C The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries because the United States is a relatively large country. the United States is a “Superpower.” the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything. the United States invests in many other countries. many countries invest in the United States. Answer: A Ancient theories of international economics from the 18th and 19th Centuries are: not relevant to current policy analysis. are only of moderate relevance in today’s modern international economy. are highly relevant in today’s modern internationa l economy. are the only theories that actually relevant to modern international economy. are not well understood by modern mathematically oriented theorists. Answer: C
精选-国际经济学复习课后答案
第一章练习与答案 1．为什么说生产和消费只取决于相对价格？ 答：经济主体的经济行为考虑的是所有商品的价格，而不是单一价格因素。 3.在只有两种商品的情况下，当一个商品达到均衡时，另外一个商品是否也同时达到均衡？试解释原因。 答案：是 4.如果生产可能性边界是一条直线，试确定过剩供给（或需求）曲线。 答案提示： 5.如果改用Y 商品的过剩供给曲线（B 国）和过剩需求曲线（A 国）来确定国际均衡价格，那么所得出的结果与图1—13中的结果是否一致？ 答案提示：不一定一致，x 商品的价格是Px/Py ，而y 商品的价格是Py/Px. 7.如果国际贸易发生在一个大国和一个小国之间，那么贸易后，国际相对价格更接近于哪一个国家在封闭下的相对价格水平？ 答案提示：贸易后，国际相对价格将更接近于大国在封闭下的相对价格水平。 8.根据上一题的答案，你认为哪个国家在国际贸易中福利改善程度更为明显些？ 答案提示：小国。 第二章答案 1．根据下面两个表中的数据，确定（1）贸易前的相对价格；（2）比较优势型态。 表1 X 、Y 的单位产出所需的劳动投入 A B X Y 6 2 15 12 表2 X 、Y 的单位产出所需的劳动投入 A B X Y 10 4 5 5 答案提示：首先将劳动投入转化为劳动生产率，然后应用与本章正文中一样的方法进行比较。（表2-2（a ）和表2-2（b ）部分的内容） 2．假设A 、B 两国的生产技术条件如下所示，那么两国还有进行贸易的动机吗？解释原因。
表3 X 、Y 的单位产出所需的劳动投入 A B X Y 4 2 8 4 答案提示：从绝对优势来看，两国当中A 国在两种产品中都有绝对优势；从比较优势来看，两国不存在相对技术差异。所以，两国没有进行国际贸易的动机。 3．如果一国在某一商品上具有绝对优势，那么也必具有比较优势吗？ 答案提示：不一定，比较优势的确定原则是两优取最优，两劣取最劣。 5.假设某一国家拥有20，000万单位的劳动，X 、Y 的单位产出所要求的劳动投入分别为5个单位和4个单位，试确定生产可能性边界方程。 答案提示：2000000004 151=+Y X L L ;X L X 51=;Y L Y 41= 6.根据上一题的条件，再加上以下几个条件，试确定该国的出口量，并在图中画出贸易三角形。 （1）X 的国际相对价格为2； （2）进口为2，000个单位。 答案提示：封闭条件下，此国生产可能性边界的斜率是Y X P P =-=-455 141 。因为X 的国际相 对价格为2，所以此国出口X 进口Y 。出口1,000个单位的X 可以换得2,000个单位的Y 。贸易三角是C A DA ’（见图2-5（a ））。 7.在图2—2（b ）中，过剩供给曲线两端是否有界限？试解释原因。 答案提示：过剩供给曲线两端是有界限的，因为一国生产能力和消费需求是有界限的。 8.试对下列说法加以评价： （1）由于发达国家工资水平高于发展中国家，所以发达国家与发展中国家进行贸易会无 利可图； （2）因为美国的工资水平很高，所以美国产品在世界市场缺乏竞争力； （3）发展中国家的工资水平比较低是因为国际贸易的缘故。
国际经济学课后答案解析
第一章绪论 1、列举出体现当前国际经济学问题的一些重要事件，他们为什么重要？他们都是怎么影响中国与欧、美、日的经济和政治关系的？当前的国际金融危机最能体现国际经济学问题，其深刻地影响了世界各国的金融、实体经济、政治等领域，也影响了各国之间的关系因此显得尤为重要；其对中国与欧、美、日的政治和经济关系的影响为：减少中国对上述国家的出口，影响中国外汇储备，贸易摩擦加剧，经济联系加强，因而也会导致中国与上述国家在政治上的对话与合作。 2、我们如何评价一国与他国之间的相互依赖程度？我们可以通过一国的对外贸易依存度来评价该国与他国之间的相互依赖程度，也可以通过其他方式来评价比如一国政府政策的溢出效应和回震效应以及对外贸易对国民生活水平的影响。 3、国际贸易理论及国际贸易政策研究的内容是什么？为什么说他们是国际经济学的微观方面?国际贸易理论分析贸易的基础和所得，国际贸易政策考察贸易限制和新保护主义的原因和效果。国际贸易理论和政策是国际经济学的微观方面，因为他们把国家看作基本单位，并研究单个商品的（相对）价格。 4、什么是外汇交易市场及国际收支平衡表？调节国际收支平衡意味着什么？为什么说他们是国际经济学的宏观方面？什么是宏观开放经济学及国际金融？外汇交易市场描述一国货币与他国货币交换的框架，国际收支平衡表测度了一国与外部世界交易的总收入与总支出的情况。调节国际收支平衡意味着调节一国与外部世界交易出现的不均衡（赤字或盈余）；由于国际收支平衡表涉及总收入和总支出，调节政策影响国家收入水平和价格总指数，因而他们是国际经济学的宏观方面；外汇交易及国际收支平衡调节涉及总收入和总支出，调整政策影响国家收入水平和价格总指数，这些内容被称为宏观开放经济学或国际金融。 5、浏览报刊并做下列题目：（1）找出5条有关国际经济学的新闻（2）每条新闻对中国经济的重要性或影响（3）每条新闻对你个人有何影响 A (1) 国际金融危机: 影响中国整体经济,降低出口、增加失业、经济减速等 (2) 美国大选：影响中美未来经济政治关系 (3) 石油价格持续下跌：影响中国的能源价格及相关产业 (4) 可口可乐收购汇源被商务部否决：《反垄断法》的第一次实施，加强经济法治 (5) 各国政府经济刺激方案：对中国经济产生外部性效应B 以上5条新闻对个人影响为：影响个人消费水平和就业前景 第二章比较优势理论 1、重商主义者的贸易观点如何？他们的国家财富概念与现在有何不同？重商主义者主张政府应当竭尽所能孤立出口，不主张甚至限制商品（尤其是奢侈类消费品）。重商主义者认为国家富强的方法是尽量使出口大于进口，而出超的结果是金银等贵重金属流入，而一个国家拥有越多的金银，就越富有越强大。现在认为一个国家生产力即生产商品的能力越高则一国越富强 2、亚当.斯密主张的贸易基础和贸易模式分别是什么？贸易所得是如何产生的？斯密倡导什么样的国际贸易基础？他认为政府在经济生活中的适当功能是什么？亚当.斯密主张的贸易基础是绝对优势；贸易模式为两国通过专门生产自己有绝对优势的产品并用其中一部分来交换器有绝对劣势的商品。通过生产绝对优势商品并交换，资源可以被最有效的使用，而且两种商品的产出会有很大的增长，通过交换就会消费比以前更多的商品从而产生了贸易所得；斯密倡导自由贸易，主张自由放任也就是政府尽可能少干涉经济
国际经济学作业答案
C h a p t e r7I n t e r n a t i o n a l F a c t o r M o v e m e n t s Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following differs in its essential analytical framework (a) I nternational trade in goods (b) I nternational conflict resolution (c) I nternational trade in services (d) I nternational trade in factors of production (e) I nternational borrowing and lending Answer: B 2. The slope of the production function measures (a) t he physical increase in output as country grows. (b) t he dollar-value increase in output as a country grows. (c) t he increase in number of workers as immigration proceeds. (d) t he marginal product of labor. (e) t he marginal product of capital.
Answer: D 3. International free labor mobility will under all circumstances (a) i ncrease total world output. (b) i mprove the economic welfare of everyone. (c) i mprove the economic welfare of workers everywhere. (d) i mprove the economic welfare of landlords (or capital owners) everywhere. (e) N one of the above. Answer: E 4. If the world attained a perfect Heckscher-Ohlin model equilibrium with trade, then (a) w orkers in the labor abundant country would migrate to the capital abundant country. (b) w orkers in the labor abundant country would wish to migrate to the capital abundant country. (c) w orkers in the labor abundant country would have no desire to migrate to the capital abundant country.
《国际经济学》复习题及参考答案
《国际经济学》复习题及参考答案 K135班 一、名词解释 1、国际经济学：是研究经济资源或稀缺资源在世界范围内的最优分配，以及在此过程中发生的经济活动和经济关系的科学。 2、倾销：海外的货物以低于同样货物的销售价格在同一时候在国内市场类似条件下的出售。 3、国际收支（广义）：在特定的时期（一般为一年）内，一个经济体与世界其他地方的各项经济交易。 4、提供曲线：就是相互需求曲线，表明一个国家为了进口一定量的商品，必须向其他国家出口一定量的商品的交换比率。 5、关税同盟：它是指两个或两个以上的国家通过签订条约或协定取消区域内关税或其他进口限制，并对非同盟国家实行统一的关税率而缔结的同盟。 6、贸易条件：即商品的国际交换比率。也就是单位出口能够换回的进口，用出口价格指数比进口价格指数。 7、外汇管制：一国政府通过法令对本国对外的国际结算和外汇买卖实行管制，用以实现国际收支平衡与本国货币汇率稳定的一种制度。 8、汇率：又称为汇价。是不同货币在外汇买卖过程中形成的交换比率。 9、开放经济：一个经济与其外部存在着经济往来关系，如对外贸易、资金流动、劳动力流动等对外经济关系。 10、资本国际流动：指资本从一个国家、地区或经济体，转移到另一个国家、地区和经济体的过程。 二、判断题 1、如果小国对进口商征收关税，那么关税造成的消费者损失小于国内生产商收益与政府关税收入之和。× 如果小国对进口商征收关税，那么关税造成的消费者损失大于国内生产商收益与政府关税收入之和。 2、李嘉图的比较优势理论指出，即使其中一个国家在所有产品上郡具有绝对成本优势，各国也可以根据比较优势进行专业化生产，然后通过贸易获益。√ 3、贫穷化增长适用于长期以来人口增长快于国内生产总值增长的国家。× 贫穷化增长适用于经济是典型的单一经济，离开单一产品的的生产和出口，该国就会陷入困境的发展中国家。 4、社会无差异曲线用来表示能够为社会成员提供相同满意感的商品消费组合。√ 5、产品生命周期理论认为，若任何国家首先成功推广了一种新产品，则这种新产品将在该国经历整个生命周期。× 产品生命周期理论认为，若任何国家首先成功推广了一种新产品，则这种新产品不会在该国经历整个生命周期。 6、幼稚产业是指那些处于成长阶段尚未成熟，但具有潜在优势的产业。√ 7、跨国企业是指向六个以上不同国家出口的企业。× 跨国企业是指在数个国家设有生产工厂的企业。 8、在实施布雷顿森林体系时期，美元是关键货币。√ 9、区分发展中国家和发达国家的最常用但并不完善的指标是人均GDP。√ 10、若美国经济增长速度高于英国，美元相对于英磅升值。× 若美国的通货膨胀速度低于英国，则美元相对于英磅升值。 11、斯密的绝对优势理论指出在贸易中两个国家均能通过出口其比另一国劳动生产率更高的产品获益。√ 12、共同市场是经济一体化的最高阶段。× 完全的经济一体化是经济一体化的最高阶段。 13、战略性贸易政策常常用来支持处于竞争激烈产业中的企业。× 战略性贸易政策常常包括对高技术企业的补贴和其他支持。 14、布雷顿森林体系要求成员国采取浮动汇率制度。× 布雷顿森林体系要求成员国采取以美元为中心的固定汇率制度。 15、货币分析法认为，国际收支赤字的根本原因是国内货币供给大于国内货币需求。√ 16、在金本位制下，一国的高利率和资本流入将有助于该国自动调整国际收支赤字。√ 17、一价定律认为关税不能影响进口产品价格。× 一价定律认为关税能影响进口产品价格。 18、如果德国的利率高于美国，则马克将在远期市场上贴水卖出。√ 19、从日本进口汽车应记入美国国际收支经常账户的贷方。× 从日本进口汽车应记入美国国际收支经常账户的借方。 20、若美国通货膨胀高于英国，美元相对于英磅贬值。√ 三、选择题 1、设一年前美元对人民币的汇率是1美元等于8.2345元人民币，假设美国的物价比前一年上升8%，而中国的物价水平上升10%，则美元与人民币之间理论上的汇率为( A ) A.8.3870 B.8.085 C.10.2931 D.6.5876 2、列昂惕夫反论包括以下解释，除了( B )。 A美国对劳动密集型进口产品征收高额关税 B美国实际上比其贸易伙伴拥有更多的劳动力 C美国的出口产品密集使用了熟练劳动力 D美国倾向于出口需要大量科学和工程技术投入的高技术产品 3．根据相对购买力平价理论，如果英国的通货膨胀率为10％，美国为4%，那么（ C ） A 美元相对于英镑升值4％ B美元相对于英镑贬值4％ C美元相对于英镑升值6％ D美元相对于英镑贬值6％ 4、不能解释产业内贸易现象的理论有（ C ） A. 垄断竞争理论 B. 规模经济理论
国际经济学复习题
比较利益：由英国经济学家托伦斯提出、嘉图发展的国际贸易理论。认为:即使一个国家生产每种产品都具有最高生产率，处于绝对优势,而另一个国家生产每种产品都处于绝对劣势,只要它们的劳动生产率在不同产品上存在区别,遵循“两利相权取其重,两弊相衡取其轻”的原则,便能从国际分工和贸易中获得利益。 出口的贫困增长：是指一国生产要素增加使产品出口增加时，该国的出口收入不但没有增加，反而减少了。造成这种局面的直接原因就是国际比价贸易条件的恶化。出口的贫困化增长主要发生在发展中国家，根源在于出口量随着生产能力提高而增加，引起国际市场价格下跌，进而造成贸易条件恶化。 要素禀赋：是指一国所拥有的可利用的经济资源的总量。它既包括自然存在的资源（如土地和矿产），也包括“获得性”资源（如技术和资本）。这是一个绝对量的概念。 要素禀赋理论：即赫克歇尔—俄林定理，简称Ｈ-Ｏ模型。在国际贸易中，一国的比较优势是由其要素丰裕度决定的。一国应生产和出口较密集地使用其较丰裕的生产要素的产品，进口较密集地使用其较稀缺的生产要素的产品。 要素价格均等化定理：即使生产要素不具备国际流动的条件，只要商品自由贸易得到充分的发展，那么各国同种生产要素的相对价格会趋于相等。同时，绝对价格也会趋于相等。要素密集度逆转：是指生产的某种商品，在劳动力相对丰富的国家中属于劳动密集型产品，但在资本相对丰富的国家中则属于资本密集型产品。 产业贸易理论：一国即出口又进口某种产业产品的贸易现象。具体主要指的是同一产业部门部的差异化产品的交换和中间产品的交流。按国际贸易标准分类至少前三位数相同的产品既出现在一国的进口项目中、又出现在该国的出口项目中。规模收益：当所有投入要素的使用量都按同样的比例增加时，这种增加会对总产量的影响。 规模收益是指涉及到厂商生产规模变化与产量变化之间的关系，如果生产规模的变化是由所有生产要素以相同比例扩大或减少而引起的，那么对应的产量变动就有三种情况：（1）如果产量增加的比率大于生产要素增加的比率，则生产处于规模收益递增阶段；（2）如果产量增加的比率等于生产要素增加的比率，则生产处于规模收益不变阶段；（3）如果产量增加的比率小于生产要素增加的比率，则生产处于规模收益递减阶段。 出口补贴：出口补贴又称出口津贴，是一国政府为了降低出口商品的价格，增加其在国际市场的竞争力，在出口某商品时给予出口商的现金补贴或财政上的优惠待遇。 进口配额：一国政府对一定时期进口的某些商品的数量或金额加以直接控制。在规定的期限，配额以的货物可以进口，超过配额不准进口，或征收较高关税后才能进口。简单而言，配额是对进口商品设置一定的限额，其目的与征收关税一样，为了限制进口，保护国工业。但与关税不同的是，进口配额是直接的数量控制而不是通过提高进口商品价格间接地减少进 口。 生产者剩余：生产者剩余是指生产者愿意接受的价格和实际接受的价格之间的差额。 消费者剩余：消费者在购买一定数量的某种商品时愿意支付的总数量和实际支付的总数量之间的差额 幼稚产业：某种产业由于技术经验不足、劳动生产率低下、产品成本高于世界市场价格，因而无法与国外产业竞争，但在关税、补贴等保护措施下继续生产一段时间，经过一段时间的生产能够在自由贸易条件下获利，达到其他国家水平而自
第三章 要素禀赋理论 国际经济学 教案
第三章要素禀赋理论 上章介绍了技术条件差异对国际贸易的决定作用，这章将放宽第二个条件，即放松各国相对要素禀赋相同这一假设，从要素禀赋差异的角度探讨国际贸易的起因与影响。要素禀赋理论是由两位瑞典经济学赫克歇尔和俄林师生提出，后经萨缪尔森等人不断完善，该理论又称赫克歇尔－俄林模型或H-O模型。 第一节 H-O理论的基本内容 一、H-O模型的提出 1）李嘉图的比较利益说认为，比较利益产生自各国之间劳动生产率的差异。 国际贸易←价格差←成本差异←劳动生产率的相对差异 2）后人以机会成本差异代替了劳动成本差异，形成了比较利益学说的当代理论的解释。但仍未说明劳动生产率差异产生的原因。 3）如果两国相同要素的生产率相同，贸易是否会产生。 H-O模型从要素存量差异的角度对国际贸易进行分析。其出发点有两个： 1）不同国家的要素存量的比例是不同的； 2）不同商品的生产所使用的要素比例是不同的。 二、要素禀赋和要素密集度 1、要素禀赋：指一国所拥有的两种生产要素的相对比例。如果一国的要素禀赋（K/L）大于他国，则称该国为资本（相对）丰富或劳动（相对）稀缺的国家；反过来，他国则为劳动丰富或资本稀缺的国家。也可从价格的角度进行定义：如果一国劳动与资本的价格之比（w/r）大于另一国的劳动与价格之比，则称该国为资本丰富型国家；也即一国劳动的相对价格高高于另一国，则该国为资本丰富型国家。 图中，E A、E B分别表示A、B两国的要素总量组合ρA>ρB ，故A国为资本丰富的国家，B国则为劳动丰富的国家。 2、要素密集度：指生产某种产品所投入两种生产要素的比例。如果生产A商品的资本和劳动投入之比（K/L）大于生产B商品的资本和劳动投入之比，那么A商品就是资本密集型产品，而B商品是劳动密集型产品。要素密集度这也是一个相对的概念，与生产要素的绝对投入量无关。 定义：kx=Kx/Lx；ky=Ky/Ly，若kx>ky，则X是资本密集型产品，Y是劳动密集型产品在H-O理论中，两种商品的要素密集度是给定的，不随着要素价格的变化而变化；也就是说，即便要素价格变化导致两种商品生产的要素投入之比变化，也不会改变两种商品的要素密集度。
国际经济学名词解释
第一章国际贸易理论的微观基础 相对价格：Px/Py为X的相对价格，含义是用Y代替货币作为X的计价单位，表示用一个单位的X与Y进行交换，所能得到的Y的数量。相对价格曲线又可以表示国民收入预算线。 贸易条件：（对出口X的国家来说）。贸易后的国际均衡价格与贸易前的均衡价格差距越大，贸易后的社会无差异曲线的位置越高，贸易利益越大。贸易条件的改善（贸易条件变大）意味着一国可以从贸易中获得更多的利益。 交换利益：如果个体之间或国家之间拥有不同的资源禀赋或者不同的偏好，通过相互之间的商品交易，他们均可以改善各自的福利。（图示：生产者来不及调整产量条件下，消费者福利的改善） 专业化利益：个体或国家可以通过专门从事其效率相对较高的生产来获得额外的利益。 第二章古典贸易理论 重商主义：强调国库和王室成员所拥有的贵重金属的多寡是衡量国家是否繁荣昌盛的最重要标志。故主张取消进口、鼓励出口。 比较优势：如果，则称A国在X商品的生产上具有比较优势。 第三章要素禀赋理论 要素禀赋：指一国所拥有的两种生产要素的相对比例。如果一国的要素禀赋（K/L）大于他国，则称该国为资本（相对）丰富或劳动（相对）稀缺的国家；反过来，他国为劳动丰富或资本稀缺的国家 人均资本存量：是要素禀赋实际衡量的估算值。 要素密集度：指生产某种产品所投入的两种生产要素的比例。两种商品的资本劳
动投入比例为：kx=Kx/Lx，ky=Ky/Ly，若kx>ky ，在相同的要素价格下，X是资本密集型产品，Y是劳动密集型产品。 H-O定理：A、B两国在贸易前由于要素禀赋不同，导致供给能力的差异，进而引起商品相对价格的不同。根据比较优势原则，一国出口密集使用其丰富要素的产品，进口密集使用其稀缺要素的产品 斯托珀-萨缪尔森定理()：某一商品相对价格的上升，将导致该商品密集使用的生产要素的实际价格或报酬提高，而另一种生产要素的实际价格或报酬则下降。S-S定理的引申（S-S定理在H-O基础上的应用）：国际贸易会提高该国丰富要素所有者的实际收入，降低稀缺要素所有者的实际收入。 罗伯津斯基定理():在商品相对价格不变的前提下，某一要素的增加会导致密集使用该要素部门的生产增加，而另一部门的生产则下降 罗伯津斯基线():新旧均衡点的连线，向右下方倾斜 偏向出口的增长：生产可能性边界的外移偏向于出口部门 偏向进口的增长：生产可能性边界的外移偏向于进口替代部门 纯粹的增长利益：在不考虑贸易条件的情况下，经济增长对一国福利的改善 转移支付利益：贸易条件的恶化抵消了部分经济增长利益，这不扽利益一转移支付的形式为他国享有 悲惨增长()：如果转移支付的那部分利益超过了经济增长的利益，那么A国的福利水平将低于经济增长前。前提：偏向出口部门增长、大国、进口边际倾向较高、出口产品需求弹性低 第四章特定要素与国际贸易 特定要素(): 指一种要素的用途通常仅限于某一部门，而不适合其他部门的需要
国际经济学复习资料全
国际经济学复习资料 一、绝对优势理论【名词解释】 亚当·斯密在批驳重商主义基本观点的同时，提出了绝对优势理论。绝对优势理论的主要内容可以概括为：在两国生产两种商品的情况下，其中一国在一种商品的生产中具有较高效率，另一国在另一种商品的生产中具有较高效率，则两国在不同商品的生产上分别拥有绝对优势，此时如果两国根据各自的绝对优势进行专业化分工，并相互进行交换，双方均能从中获益。 二、简述比较优势理论【名词解释】 比较优势理论的基本观点是：在两国生产两种商品的情形下，其中一国在两种商品生产上均占据绝对优势，另一国在两种商品生产上均处于绝对劣势，则优势国可以专门生产其优势较大的那种商品（这是其具有比较优势的商品），劣势国可以专门生产其劣势较小的那种商品（这是其具有比较优势的商品），通过专业化分工和国际交换，双方仍能从中获益。三、利用生产可能性曲线和社会无差异曲线分析一般均衡条件下的国际贸易【论述分析题】 生产可能性曲线：生产可能性曲线用来表示经济社会在既定资源和技术条件下所能生产的各种商品最大数量的组合。它反映了一国的供给水平。 社会无差异曲线：表示在既定收入与消费偏好下。消费者所选择不同商品组合可获得同等满足程度的情况。它是消费者个体无差异曲线的加总，其特征与消费者无差异曲线相同。 （一）两国封闭经济条件下的国内均衡 两国均衡时，甲国内均衡点为A，乙国 内均衡点为A’，国内价格线分别为PA和 PA’。甲国在X商品生产方面具有比较优势， 乙国在Y商品生产方面具有比较优势。 （二）两国开放经济条件下的均衡 引入国际贸易，国际比价为PB=PB’=1。①甲国专业化生产X产品，国内均衡点由A 移至B点，B点为甲国生产均衡点。经过商品交换，甲国最终在E点消费，E为消费均衡点。BC为出口，EC为进口，BCE称为“贸 易三角”；②乙国专业化生产Y产品，国 内均衡点由A’移至B’点，B’点为乙国生 产均衡点。经过商品交换，乙国最终在E’ 点消费，E’为消费均衡点。B’C’为出口， E’C’为进口，B’C’E’称为“贸易三角”。 四、分析不同机会成本情况下的生产可能性边界【分析题】 所谓机会成本，是指在资源既定条件下，额外生产1单位一种商品所必须放弃生产另一种商品的最大数量。 ①机会成本不变：为增加一单位某种产品的 生产所放弃的另一种产品的产量是不变的。 生产可能性曲线是斜率为常数、向右下方
国际经济学第8版第五章标准贸易模型中文答案
第五章 标准贸易模型 1、 答：如图，贸易后，两国原先的无差异曲线都移动到了更高的无差异曲线上，两国人民都更幸福，社会福利增加。 2、 答：（a ）如左图，假如过度捕鱼引起的鱼产量大幅度减少，则挪威的生产可能性边界发生变化，导致等价值线向下移动，相应的无差异曲线移动到了较低的水平上，导致福利下降。 （b ）如右图，当过度捕鱼引起鱼的产量减少，在市场上鱼的供给减少，导致相对价格上升，上升到一定程度不仅可以弥补鱼的产量损失，甚至会带来福利的上升。 3、 答：如图，以粮食和棉布为例，当生产可能性边界是直角时，贸易条件改善增进了本国福利。生产点位于直角顶点，消费点是等价值线和无差异曲线的切点。贸易条件的改善使得等价值线的截距增加，即等价值线直角顶点向外偏转(由于没有流动要素，生产点固定)。经济体达鱼 车 鱼 车 瑞典 F C 本国 鱼 车 鱼 车 挪威 挪威 挪威
到获得了更高的无差异曲线，从直观上来看，产出并没有发生变化，经济体获益主要是通过相对于进口产品购买力的增加来实现的。 4、 答：由于购买产品比例是固定的，所以无差异曲线是直角形状。贸易条件的改善使该国达到了更高的无差异曲线。无差异曲线沿着从原点出发的射线移动，其顶点始终在该射线上，射线的斜率为两种产品的比例，贸易条件的改善使无差异曲线远离原点。 5、答：日本贸易条件是制造品价格比去原材料价格的相对价格，贸易条件的变动由相对供给和相对需求的变动决定。 （a ）中东石油供应的紧缺使得原材料的供给减少，这导致了制造品的相对供给增加，RS 曲线向右移动，制造品的相对价格下降，日本的贸易条件恶化。 （b ）韩国扩展了汽车生产能力增加了世界汽车的总供给，使得世界汽车的相对供给增加了，RS 曲线向右移动，世界市场上汽车的相对价格下降了，日本的贸易条件恶化了。 （c ）美国工程师以核反应堆代替石油燃料发电厂，减少了对石油，即原材料的需求，这导致了原材料相对价格的下降，RD 曲线向右移动，制造品的相对需求上升和相对价格上升，日本的贸易条件得以改善。由于原材料的需求下降了，即使核反应堆没有建在日本，这种情况仍会发生。 （d ）俄罗斯农业歉收减少了世界原材料的总供给，使得世界制造品的相对供给增加，RS 曲线向外移动；与此同时，俄罗斯对制造品的需求减少了，使得世界相对需求减少了，RD 曲线向内移动。日本的贸易条件恶化了。 （e ）降低关税是国内制造品相对价格上升了，增加了国内制造品的相对供给，减少了相对需求；与此同时，增加了世界制造品的相对供给并减少了世界相对需求。世界RS 曲线向外移动，RD 曲线向内移动，制造品的世界相对价格下降了，日本的贸易条恶化了。 6、 ｓ Ｍ ＵＳＡ F C
国际经济学复习题答案
国际经济学复习题答案
厦门大学网络教育2011-2012学年第二学期 《国际经济学》复习题 一、单项选择题 1.下列哪些行业最有可能具有内部规模经济（D）。 A.好莱坞的电影业 B.加州硅谷的半导体产业 C.北京中关村的电脑城 D.美国的大型农场 2. 如果两国在商品的生产中具有不同的机会成本，那么两国能够从专业化与交换中（ B ） A 均遭受损失 B 均获得收益C无法确定 D 既不受损，也不受益 3.进口关税的分类不包括是（B） A.从价税 B.营业税 C.复合税 D.滑准税 4.按进口商品的价值征收一定比例税收的关税税种是（B） A.从量税 B.从价税 C.复合税 D.滑准税 5.在比较优势模型中，发生国际贸易后两种商品的国际相对价格( C ) A.在贸易前两国的两种商品的相对价格之上 B.在贸易前两国的两种商品的相对价格之下 C.在贸易前两国的两种商品的国内相对价格之间 D.与贸易前的任何一个国家的相对价格相同 6.征收关税后，大国的社会福利水平（D） A.上升 B.稍微下降 C.下降很多 D.都有可能 7.赫克歇尔—俄林理论认为，国际贸易产生的根本动因是国际间的（B） A劳动生产率不同 B 资源禀赋不同 C 绝对优势不同 D 资源使用效率不同
8. 在特定要素模型中，如果X、Y两种商品的价格上升同样的幅度，则名义工资和劳动力在两部门之间的分配情况应当是（C ）。 A. 名义工资上升，劳动力从X流向Y B. 名义工资上升，劳动力从Y流向X C. 名义工资上升，劳动力的分配不变 9.比较优势理论认为国际贸易的驱动力是( A ) A劳动生产率的差异B技术水平的差异 C产品品质的差异D价格的差异 10.对于一个小国（价格接受国）来说，最优关税为（A ） A.零 B.禁止关税 C.毫无疑问的是正值 D.随着国家需求弹性的增加而增加 11．美国出口豪华型汽车、进口经济型汽车的贸易现象叫（B）。 A 产业间贸易 B 产业内贸易 C 公司内贸易 D 公司间贸易 12.各国实行贸易保护对国际分工的影响是（B ）。 A 促进B阻碍 C 无关 D 不确定 13.在李嘉图模型中，我们假定（B ）是各个国家产业部门唯一的生产要素 A 资本 B 劳动 C 土地 D 矿产 14.斯密绝对优势模型的基本假设不包括：（D） A.只有一种要素投入 B.规模报酬不变 C.无运输成本 D.规模报酬递减
国际经济学复习课后答案
第一章练习与答案 1．为什么说生产和消费只取决于相对价格？ 答：经济主体的经济行为考虑的是所有商品的价格，而不是单一价格因素。 3.在只有两种商品的情况下，当一个商品达到均衡时，另外一个商品是否也同时达到均衡？试解释原因。 答案：是 4.如果生产可能性边界是一条直线，试确定过剩供给（或需求）曲线。 答案提示： 5.如果改用Y商品的过剩供给曲线（B国）和过剩需求曲线（A国）来确定国际均衡价格，那么所得出的结果与图1—13中的结果是否一致？ 答案提示：不一定一致，x商品的价格是Px/Py，而y商品的价格是Py/Px. 7.如果国际贸易发生在一个大国和一个小国之间，那么贸易后，国际相对价格更接近于哪一个国家在封闭下的相对价格水平？ 答案提示：贸易后，国际相对价格将更接近于大国在封闭下的相对价格水平。 8.根据上一题的答案，你认为哪个国家在国际贸易中福利改善程度更为明显些？ 答案提示：小国。 第二章答案 1．根据下面两个表中的数据，确定（1）贸易前的相对价格；（2）比较优势型态。 表1 X、Y的单位产出所需的劳动投入
A B X Y 6 2 15 12 表2 X、Y的单位产出所需的劳动投入 A B X Y 10 4 5 5 答案提示：首先将劳动投入转化为劳动生产率，然后应用与本章正文中一样的方法进行比较。（表2-2（a）和表2-2（b）部分的内容） 2．假设A、B两国的生产技术条件如下所示，那么两国还有进行贸易的动机吗？解释原因。 表3 X、Y的单位产出所需的劳动投入 A B X Y 4 2 8 4 答案提示：从绝对优势来看，两国当中A国在两种产品中都有绝对优势；从比较优势来看，两国不存在相对技术差异。所以，两国没有进行国际贸易的动机。 3．如果一国在某一商品上具有绝对优势，那么也必具有比较优势吗？ 答案提示：不一定，比较优势的确定原则是两优取最优，两劣取最劣。
国际经济学第五版第三章答案
第三章 ） Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions 1. Use the information in the table on labor productivities in France and Germany to answer the following questions.使用该信息表上关于法国和德国的劳动生产率，以回答以下问题。 Output per Hour Worked单 位工作小时的产出 France Germany Cheese 2 kilograms 1 kilogram Cars 0.25 0.5 a. Which country has an absolute advantage in cheese? In cars?哪个国家有奶酪的绝 对优势？汽车呢？ b. What is the relative price of cheese in France if it does not trade? In Germany, if it does not trade?什么是奶酪在法国的相对价格，如果它不交易？在德国，如果不 进行交易？ c. What is opportunity cost of cheese in France? In Germany?法国奶酪的机会成本是 多少？德国呢？ d. Which country has a comparative advantage in cheese? In cars? Show how you know.在奶酪生产上，那个国家有比较优势？在汽车生产上呢？解释你的结论 e. What are the upper and lower bounds for the trade price of cheese?奶酪交易价格的 上下边界是什么？ f.Draw a hypothetical PPC for France and label its slope. Suppose that France follows its comparative advantage in deciding where to produce on its PPC. Label its production point.画一条假设的法国生产可能性曲线并标出其斜率。假设法国根 据其比较优势决定生产可能性曲线上生产点，标出其生产点。 If the trade price of cars is 5 kilos of cheese per car, draw a trade line showing how France can gain from trade.如果贸易价格是每辆汽车换5千克奶酪，画出交易线 说明法国能够得到的贸易利得。 Answers: a. France has the absolute advantage in cheese and Germany in cars. This follows because France’s productivity is higher in cheese and Germany’s is higher in cars. 法国有干酪和德国车的绝对优势。在此之前，因为法国的生产力是奶酪更高，德 国是汽车高 b. The autarkic relative price of cheese in France is one-eighth car per kilogram; in Germany it is one-half car.奶酪在法国的自给自足的相对价格是每公斤八分之一 的汽车;在德国它是二分之一的汽车 c. Opportunity costs are equal to relative prices.机会成本等于相对价格
国际经济学第三章答案
Chapter 3 1．Home has 1200 units of labor available. It can produce two goods, apples and bananas. The unit labor requirement in apple production is 3, while in banana production it is 2. a ． b ．What is the opportunity cost of apples in terms of bananas? 5.1=Lb La a a c ．In the absence of trade, what would the price of apples in terms of bananas be? In the absence of trade, since labor is the only factor of production and supply decisions are determined by the attempts of individuals to maximize their earnings in a competitive economy, only when Lb La b a /a a /P P =will both goods be produced. So 1.5 /P P b a = 2．Home is as described in problem 1. There is now also another country, Foreign, with a labor force of 800. Foreign’s unit labor requirement in apple production is 5, while in banana production it is 1. a ． b ．
国际经济学的总复习
国际经济学的总复习.txt爱情是艺术，结婚是技术，离婚是算术。这年头女孩们都在争做小“腰”精，谁还稀罕小“腹”婆呀？高职不如高薪，高薪不如高寿，高寿不如高兴。国际经济学总复习 内容覆盖国际经济学的主要部分（特别感谢对此复习资料作出贡献的同学们） 第一章绪论 1.国际经济学研究的对象是什么（世界范围内稀缺资源的配置与利用、是以国家作为基本经济单位）？ 答：国际经济学是以各国之间的经济活动和经济关系为研究对象的一门经济学学科。 2.国际经济学有哪些特点（两大特征、六个方面）？ 答：两大特征： 首先，国际交易不同于国内交易。在国际交易中普遍存在着对贸易和要素流动的自然的与人为的阻碍。 其次，国际经济关系是发生在各个独立的经济实体之间的。 六个方面： （1）宏观与微观相结合；(2)静态与动态相结合；（3）定性与定量相结合； （4）理论与政策相结合；（5）局部均衡与一般均衡想结合；（6）吸收与评价相结合。 3.古典贸易理论（重商主义、绝对优势、相对优势、H－O理论）和新贸易理论（规模经济与产品差异贸易理论、倾销与相互倾销贸易理论、产品周期贸易理论、重叠需求贸易理论、国家竞争优势理论）有哪些主要内容？ 答：（1）古典贸易理论包括：重商主义、绝对优势学说（亚当.斯密）、相对优势学说（大卫.李嘉图）、H－O理论,要素价格均等化，罗伯津斯基定理； （2）新贸易理论包括：规模经济与产品差异贸易理论、倾销与相互倾销贸易理论、产品周期贸易理论、重叠需求贸易理论、国家竞争优势理论。 4.国际经济学的内容体系包括哪些部分？ 答：国际贸易部分： ①国际贸易纯理论（2-6章） ②国际贸易政策（7-8章） ③关税同盟和国际经济一体化（第9章） ④生产要素的国际移动于跨国公司——国际贸易的引申（11-12章） 国际金融部分： ①外汇市场和汇率（14-15章） ②国际收支与国际收支调整（13、16章） ③开放经济下的内外均衡（17、18章） ④国际货币体系（第11章） ⑤货币一体化与欧洲货币联盟（第12章） 第二章国际经济学微观基础 1.什么是国际均衡价格？ 答：国际贸易建立在相对价格差基础之上，反过来又会消除相对价格差，导致国际间商品价格均等化，此时的价格即为国际均衡价格Pw。在新的均衡下，两国面对相同的价格水平，称为国际均衡价格。 2.什么是贸易条件？（出口价格与进口价格之比） 答：贸易条件，即出口价格与进口价格之比，所以贸易条件改善意味着该国从国际贸易中可获得更多的利益。
- 国际经济学作业答案第三章
- 春国际经济学作业答案
- 北语15秋《国际经济学》作业2 100分答案
- 国际经济学作业答案第七章
- 20春北理工《国际经济学》在线作业-0004答案46561
- 国际经济学作业及答案
- 国际经济学作业答案-第四章
- 奥鹏《国际经济学》在线作业三答案
- 16秋东财《国际经济学》在线作业一答案
- 国际经济学作业答案
- 国际经济学作业答案-第三章
- 国际经济学作业答案-第一章
- 国际经济学作业答案
- 国际经济学作业答案
- 国际经济学作业答案-第六章
- 国际经济学作业答案-第五章
- 国际经济学作业答案-第一章
- 北语15秋《国际经济学》作业3 100分答案
- 国际经济学作业答案
- 20秋《国际经济学》作业2【北语答案53332】