2013年12月大学英语四级改革新题型段落翻译题

2013年12月大学英语四级改革新题型段落翻译题

练习1

Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)(原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字。)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如，我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday)，除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统食物，如铰子和年糕。

参考答案

Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion. The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday. Besides the popular poultry and meat, people

cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the “1 ”new year cake .

难点精析

■1.中国的传统节庆膳食：翻译为Traditional Chinese holiday meals,其中“节庆膳食”直接译为holiday meals , 即可，翻译时注意“中国的”和“传统”的顺序。

2.纪念：翻译为介词短语in memory of,修饰前面的a day。

■3.赛龙舟：翻译为hold dragon boat races,其中hold意为“举行”，“举行龙舟比赛”即“赛龙舟”。

4.观赏满月：“满月”即fMlmoon,此处的“观赏”可以译为viewing,也可以用enjoying或watching表示。

5.象征着家庭团聚：“象征”翻译为系表结构is a symbol for,也可以用动词symbolize表示，“家庭团聚”翻译：为family reunion 即可。

练习2

Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)(原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字。)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。

参考答案

In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved.

难点精析

1.带来了无穷的魅力：翻译为bring endless charm to。

2.汉语习惯于用并列的散句或短语来表达一个语境，而英文习惯上用整句表述，句内不太重要的信息会用| 介词短语或从句来补充说明，如本段中“胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住”是：两个并列关系的汉语短句，翻译成英文时可将第二句用with介词结构表达出来，起补充说明的作用。

3.充满友善和人情味：翻译为full of friendliness and genuine humanity。

4.随着社会和经济的飞速发展：翻译为with rapid social and economic development，也是with介词短语的应用，在句中作伴随状语。

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

过去的七年，中国的房地产(real estate)业经历了前所未有的高速增长。对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。鉴于这一状况，政府近来采取了一系列的措施来防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。目前，这些措施在部分城市已经取得了初步的成效。

参考答案

In the past seven years, China’s real estate industry has developed in a record high speed. For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc. Presently, these measures have achieved initial effects in some cities.

难点精析

1.房地产业：翻译为real estate industry。

2.前所未有的高速增长：翻译为a record high speed。

3.鉴于这一状况：可以根据上下文的语境转译为for this reason。

4.采取一系列的措施：翻译为take a series of measures。

5.取得初步成效：翻译为achieve initial effects。

练习4

Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)(原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字。)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。造成这一现象的原因如下：首先，大学生把在校的大多数时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。其次，大学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。因此，强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。

参考答案

Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job. Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.

难点精析

1.抱怨很难找到好工作：翻译为complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job。其中“抱怨做某事”用句型complain about doing sth.表示，having great difficulties in finding a good job表示“找工作有困难”，用到了句型have difficulties in doing sth.。

2.只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训：翻译为it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training。‘‘只有当才’’用强调句型it is only when…that…表示。，

3.导致：翻译为results in,同义短语有lead to和bring about，但是表示不好的结果时一般用短语result in。

4.强烈建议：翻译为it is highly suggested that...，其中highly suggested也可以用strongly recommended 替换，都表示“强烈建议做某事”。

5.积累相关的工作经验：翻译为accumulate relevant working experience.

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境，特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。

参考答案

Paper cutting is one of China’s most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.

难点精析

1.传统民间艺术形式：翻译为traditional folk art,其中folk意为“民间的，民俗的”，art既可以表示“艺术”这一抽象概念，也可以表示具体的“艺术形式”，所以直接翻译为art即可，不必加form—词。

2.美化居家环境：“美化”即beautify，“居家环境”翻译成their homes即可，不要逐字生硬地翻译为home environment。

3.增加喜庆的气氛：翻译为enhance the joyous atmosphere。

4.象征健康和兴旺：翻译为which symbolizes health and prosperity,此处既可以用非限制性定语从句，也可以用分词形式symbolizing health and prosperity。

练习六

在我的生活里，我也尝试过很多次试着放手。虽然，学会放手不会减轻生活里的伤痛或是改变什么，也不会让你的情绪得以发泄，也许你仍然会被生活所困。然而，富有同情心是一种释放。会让你和感受到你同情心的人得到精神上的洗礼。当你对一切都富有同情心时，你会发挥自己最大潜力。你也会在生活中觉得自己有无限的正能量。

在我的生活里，我也尝试过很多次试着放手。

I'm learning to do that a lot in this life, to let go.(大家是不是觉得很奇怪，明明汉语里倾向于过去式“尝试过”，但英文翻译过来就是I'm learning to do。可以留意下这种翻译方式，不过如果大家在考试时遇到这种情况，还是翻译成过去式比较好（如果你的翻译水平没有达到炉火纯青的地步的话，呵呵），因为阅卷老师也不是那种翻译大牛哦~ 放手：to let go

虽然，学会放手不会减轻生活里的伤痛或是改变什么，也不会让你的情绪得以发泄，也许你仍然会被生活所困。It doesn't help to hang on to the hurt or judgment. It doesn't work to blame or criticize. Those approaches only serve to keep you stuck.

这里两个英文句子都用了形式主语it来代替前面提到过的“放手”，不繁琐，而且适合散文的风格。汉语只要语义衔接，可一直逗号下去，但英文，只要是结构完整，只能用句号或相应的标点哦。

减轻伤痛：to help to hang on to the hurt

被生活所困：keep sb stuck

然而，富有同情心是一种释放。会让你和感受到你同情心的人得到精神上的洗礼。But compassion is freeing. It uplifts both you and the person you are sharing it with.

释放直接用了freeing，很简单，但很舒服。第二句话汉语读起来很绕，但英语翻译出来是不是让你一下子就茅塞顿开？这就是英语的魅力~

当你对一切都富有同情心时，你会发挥自己最大潜力。When you act with compassion, you are living from your highest potential and connecting with your greatest self.

看上句翻译，“富有同情心”直接是compassion，这句里的“富有同情心”就变换了一下方式，act with compassion，翻译一直重复是没有美感的，有时候需要我们留意一下细节。

你也会在生活中觉得自己有无限的正能量。The more you can do that, the better you'll feel in this life.

这句翻译很简单，就是用了the more...the better句型。

2013年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析

2013年12月份全国大学英语四级考试
试卷一：中餐
【真题原文】许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一 种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹 饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至 关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 【翻译答案】Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill but also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy.
试卷二：信息技术
【真题原文】信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越 重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一 部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的， 中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 【翻译答案】As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Information Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this phenomenon, people holding different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public concern.
试卷三：茶文化
【真题原文】"你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而 中国人则会选茶， 相传， 中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶， 并用来治病， 在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今， 茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组 成部分。 【翻译答案】"Would you like tea or coffee?" That’s a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners will choose coffee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it spread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture.
试卷四：中国结
1

2013年12月大学英语四级听力真题(附原文及答案解析)

2013年12月大学英语四级听力真题 PartⅡListening Comprehension(30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 1. A) The woman is now working in a kindergarten. B) The man will soon start a business of his own. C) The man would like to be a high school teacher. D) The woman is going to major in child education. 2. A) The furniture has to be rearranged. B) The sound equipment has to be set up. C) The conference room has to be cleaned. D) The video machine has to be checked. 3. A) She is exhausted. B) She is near-sighted. C) She cannot finish work in time. D) She cannot go straight home. 4. A) The woman is too particular about food. B) He would rather have a meal an hour later. C) The woman should order her food quickly. D) He usually prefers ice-cream to sandwiches. 5. A) He is not a good mechanic. B) He doesn't keep his promises. C) He spends his spare time doing repairs. D) He is always ready to offer help to others. 6. A) Sam has a big family to support. B) Sam is not interested in traveling. C) The pay offered by the travel agency is too low. D) The work hours in the travel agency arc too long 7. A) International trade.

大学英语四级翻译练习题 篇汇总

2017年6月大学练习题13篇汇总 1.中国菜 请将下面这段话翻译成英文： 中国菜(cuisine)是中国各地区、各民族各种菜肴的统称，也指发源于中国的烹饪方式。中国菜历史悠久, 流派(genre)众多，主要代表菜系有“八大菜系”。每一菜系因气候、地理、历史、烹饪技巧和生活方式的差异而风格各异。中国菜的调料(seasoning)丰富多样，调料的不同是形成地方特色菜的主要原因之一。中国菜强调色、香、味俱佳，味是菜肴的灵魂。中国饮食文化博大精深，作为世界三大菜系之一的中国菜，在海内外享有盛誉。 参考翻译: Chinese cuisine is a general term for the various foods from diverse regions and ethnic groups of China. It also refers to cooking styles originating from China. With a long history, Chinese cuisine has a number of different genres, the main representatives of which are "Eight Cuisines". Every cuisine is distinctive from one another due to the differences in climate, geography, history, cooking techniques and lifestyle. Chinese cuisine contains a rich variety of seasonings, which is one of main factors contributing to different local special dishes. Chinese cuisine lays emphasis on

2013年12月英语四级听力文本及答案解析

Question 1 M: After high school, I’d like to go to college and major in business administration. W: But I’d rather spend my college days finding out how children learn. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? Question 2 W: Is everything ready for the conference? M: The only thing left to do is set up the microphones and speakers. They'll be here in a few minutes. Q: What preparations have yet to be made? Question 3 W: Is it almost time to go home now? I'm so tired. I can hardly see straight. M: Just a few more minutes, then we can go. Q: What is the woman’s problem? Question 4 W: I'm not sure what I’m in a mood for. Ice-cream or sandwiches? They are both really good here. M: The movie starts in an hour. And we still have to get there and park. So just make a decision. Q: What does the man mean? Question 5 W: Tom said he would come to repair our solar heater when he has time. M: He often says he is willing to help, but he never seems to have time. Q: What does the man imply about Tom? Question 6 W: So you know that Sam turns down the job offered by the travel agency.

2013年12月---2016年6月大学英语四级段落翻译真题及参考答案

2013年12月大学英语四级考试翻译题参考译文 【翻译原文】“你要茶还是咖啡?”是用餐人常被问到的问题。许多西方人会选咖啡,而中国人则会选茶。相传,中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶,并用来治病,在明清(The Qing Dynasties)期间,茶馆遍布全国,饮茶在六世纪传到日本,但直到18世纪才传到欧美。如今,茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一,茶是中国的瑰宝,也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。 【参考译文】As for the dinning people,”Tea or Coffee?”is a question frequently asked.Coffee is usually the Westerns’first choice,while tea is the preferment of Chinese.Tradition has it that tea is found by one Chinese Emperor,who lived in5000years ago.At that time,tea is used to heal sickness.During Ming-Qing dynasties, teahouses are across the country.Tea drinking spread into Japanese as early as in the6th century,yet it did not spread into Europe and America until the18th century. Nowadays,tea is one of the most popular beverages all over the world.Tea is the treasure of China and the important component of Chinese tradition and culture. 2013年12月大学英语四级考试 翻译题参考译文及点评之二 【原文】

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第三套)

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2018年12月大学英语四级翻译真题汇集

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2013年12月英语四级真题及答案详解kj140224170236

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2015年6月13日全国大学英语四级翻译真题及答案

2 015年6月13日全国大学英语四级翻译真题及答案 大米 在西方人心目中，和中国联系最为密切的基本食物是大米。长期以来，大米在中国人的饮食中占据很重要的地位，以至于有谚语说“巧妇难为无米之炊”。中国南方大多数种植水稻，人们通常以大米为食；而华北大部分地区因为过于寒冷或过于干燥，无法种植水稻，那里的主要作物是小麦。在中国，有些人用面粉做面包，但大多数人用面粉做馒头和面条。 In the mind of Westerners,Chinese people have the closest connection to rice,basic food for the Chinese.For a long time,rice occupies a very important position in the Chinese diet.There is even a saying that "even a clever housewife cannot cook a meal without rice".People in south China plant and live on rice,while people in the most parts of North China cannot plant rice due to excessively dry and cold weather. The main crop there is wheat. In China, some people use flour to bake bread,while most people make steamed bread and noodles with flour. xx 中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。构成现代世界基础的许多元素起源于中国。中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济，并正经历着一次新的工业革命。中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划，其中包括到20年建成的一个太空站。目前，中国是世界最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时，它也在海外投资数十亿美元。2011年，中国超越日本成为世界第二大经济体。 快递 据报道，今年中国快递服务（courier service）将递送大约120亿件包裹。这将使中国有可能超越美国成为世界上最大的快递市场。大多数包裹里装着网上订购的物品。中国给数百万在线零售商以极具竞争力的价格销售商品的机会。仅在11月11日，中国消费者就从国内最大的购物平台购买了价值90亿美元的商品。中国有不少这样的特殊购物日。因此，快递业在中国扩展就不足为奇了。

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1. A) Plan his budget carefully. B) Give her more information. C) Ask someone else for advice. D) Buy a gift for his girlfriend. 2. A) She'll have some chocolate cake. B) She'll take a look at the menu. C) She'll go without dessert. D) She'll prepare the dinner. 3. A) The man can speak a foreign language. B) The woman hopes to improve her English. C) The woman knows many different languages. D) The man wishes to visit many more countries. 4. A) Go to the library. B) Meet the woman. C) See Prof. Smith. D) Have a drink in the bar. 5. A) She isn't sure when Prof. Bloom will be back. B) The man shouldn't be late for his class. C) The man can come back sometime later. D) She can pass on the message for the man. 6. A) He has a strange personality. B) He's got emotional problems. C) His illness is beyond cure. D) His behavior is hard to explain. 7. A) The tickets are more expensive than expected. B) The tickets are sold in advance at half price.

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1.越来越多的中国年轻人正对旅游产生兴趣，这是近年来的新趋势。年轻游客数量的不断增加，可以归因于他们迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界的好奇心。随着旅行多了，年轻人在大城市和著名景点花的时间少了，他们反 而更为偏远的地方所吸引。有些人甚至选择长途背包旅行。最近调查显示，很多年轻人想要通过旅行体验不同的 文化、丰富知识、拓宽视野。 2.大熊猫是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。因其数量稀少，大熊猫已被列为濒危物种。大熊猫对于世 界自然基金会有着特殊的意义。自1961年该基金会成立以来，大熊猫就一直是它的徽标。大熊猫是熊科中最稀有 的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。目前，世界上大约有1000只大熊猫。这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多 威胁。因此，确保大熊猫的生存比以往更重要。 3.中国的互联网社区是全世界发展最快的，2010年，中国约有 4.2亿网民，而且人数还在迅速增长。互联网的日渐流行带来了重大的社会变化。中国网民往往不同于美国网民。美国网民更多的是受实际需要的驱使，用互联 网为工具发电子邮件、买卖商品、做研究、规划旅程或付款。中国网民更多是出于社交原因使用互联网，因而更 广泛的使用论坛、博客、聊天室等等。 4.假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。 因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。

As an Alaskan fisherman. Timothy June, 54, used to think that he was safe from industrial pollutants （污染物）at his home in Haines-a town with a population of 2,400 people and 4,000 eagles, with 8 million acres of protected wild land nearby. But in early 2007, June agreed to take part in a 36 of 35 Americans from seven states. It was a biomonitoring project, in which people’s blood and urine （尿）were tested for 37 of chemicals-in this case, three potentially dangerous classes of compounds found in common household 38 like face cream, tin cans, and shower curtains. The results- 39 in November in a report called “Is It in Us?” by an environmental group-were rather worrying. Every one of the participants, 40 from an Illinois state senator to a Massachusetts minister, tested p ositive for all three classes of pollutants. And while the 41 presence of these chemicals does not 42 indicate a health risk, the fact that typical Americans carry these chemicals at all 43 June and his fellow participants. 44 there. Ongoing study conducted by Clearly, there are chemicals in our bodies that don’t the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has found 148 chemicals in Americans of all ages. And in 2005, the Environmental Working Group found an 45 of 200 chemicals in the blood of 10 Says Sharyle Patton of Commonweal, which new-borns. “Our babies are being born pre-polluted,”　 cosponsored “Is It in Us?”“This is going to be the next big environmental issue after climate change. A)analyses I)products B)average J)ranging C)belong K)released D)demonstrated L)shocked E)excess M)simple F)extending N)survey G)habitually O)traces H)neccessarily

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今年考的三套翻译题均是跟中国的公共交通相关的内容，介绍了公交车、飞机、地铁服务的提升，以及市民生活水平的提高。展现了我国社会的发展和人民幸福水平的提升。 交通方式这一话题是考生日常所熟知的，也比较贴近考生的生活，词汇对于考生来说不是问题，“公交车”、“航空”等都是小学初中就接触到的词汇，但是需要考生去积累一些组合词汇，例如：“私家车private car”、“老年市民senior citizens”等。 对段落内容的理解也不是难事，毕竟交通方式是生活中老生常谈的话题，主要的难点在于一些固定的句式和搭配，例如“随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高”是考生耳熟能详的“万金油”句式。 诸如此类句式还有：“曾是……used to be…”、“越来越……more and more…”这些表达应该是考生在平时的学习中慢慢积累的。 此外，时态语态也是考生容易出错的点，由于汉语和英语表达习惯的不同，汉语中不常用被动，或者即使表达被动的意思也不会体现在句式上，例如：“公交车设施不断更新”，从字面并没有任何提示是被动，但语义的理解却带有被动的含义，翻译成英语时一定要体现出“be+过去分词”的结构。 又如“许多城市……一直努力……”,需要判断，这个动作发生在过去的某个时间节点，一直持续，并还可能持续下去，最后确定此处应选用现在完成进行时，在平时的学习中，应理解每种时态对应的情况，才能更加贴切地表达出原文所要传达的意思 句子的语序调整仍值得考生注意。时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语和方式状语仍然是重要的考点，一般情况下都要后置。 其次是句型的变化。注意运用被动语态(从中英文语用习惯以及动词发出者的逻辑主语去改句子)、插入语(例如，“包括许多农民和外出务工人员”)、there be 句型(非人主语+有/存在。例如，中国有越来越多的城市开始建设地铁)和It为形式主语的句子(例如，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的)进行改句，防止句式单一。 过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。 In the past, travelling by airplane was unimaginable for most Chinese.

2013年12月大学英语四级考试长篇阅读原文

2013年12月大学英语四级考试长篇阅读原文 Peer-to-peer rental: The rise of the sharing economy LAST night 40,000 people rented accommodation from a service that offers 250,000 rooms in 30,000 cities in 192 countries. They chose their rooms and paid for everything online. But their beds were provided by private individuals, rather than a hotel chain. Hosts and guests were matched up by Airbnb, a firm based in San Francisco. Since its launch in 2008 more than 4m people have used it—2.5m of them in 2012 alone. It is the most prominent example of a huge new “sharing economy”, in which people rent beds, cars, boats and other assets directly from each other, co-ordinated via the internet. You might think this is no different from running a bed-and-breakfast, owning a timeshare or participating in a car pool. But technology has reduced transaction costs, making sharing assets cheaper and easier than ever—and therefore possible on a much larger scale. The big change is the availability of more data about people and things, which allows physical assets to be disaggregated and consumed as services. Before the internet, renting a surfboard, a power tool or a parking space from someone else was feasible, but was usually more trouble than it was worth. Now websites such as Airbnb, RelayRides and SnapGoods match up owners and renters; smartphones with GPS let people see where the nearest rentable car is parked; social networks provide a way to check up on people and build trust; and online payment systems handle the billing. What…s mine is yo urs, for a fee Just as peer-to-peer businesses like eBay allow anyone to become a retailer, sharing sites let individuals act as an ad hoc taxi service, car-hire firm or boutique hotel as and when it suits them. Just go online or download an app. The model works for items that are expensive to buy and are widely owned by people who do not make full use of them. Bedrooms and cars are the most obvious examples, but you can also rent camping spaces in Sweden, fields in Australia and washing machines in France. As proponents of the sharing economy like to put it, access trumps ownership. Rachel Botsman, the author of a book on the subject, says the consumer peer-to-peer rental market alone is worth $26 billion. Broader definitions of the sharing economy include peer-to- peer lending (though cash is hardly a spare fixed asset) or putting a solar panel on your roof and selling power back to the grid (though that looks a bit like becoming a utility). And it is not just individuals: the web makes it easier for companies to rent out spare offices and idle machines, too. But the core of the sharing economy is people renting things from each other. Such “collaborative consumption” is a good thing for several reasons. Owners make money from underused assets. Airbnb says hosts in San Francisco who rent out their homes do so for an average of 58 nights a year, making $9,300. Car owners who rent their vehicles to others using RelayRides make an average of $250 a month; some make more than $1,000. Renters, meanwhile, pay less than they would if they bought the item themselves, or turned to a traditional provider such as a hotel or car-hire firm. (It is not surprising that many sharing firms got going during the financial crisis.) And there are environmental benefits, too: renting a car when you need it, rather than owning one, means fewer cars are required and fewer resources must be devoted to making them. For sociable souls, meeting new people by staying in their homes is part of the charm. Curmudgeons who imagine that every renter is Norman Bates can still stay at conventional hotels. For others, the web fosters trust. As well as the background checks carried out by platform owners, online reviews and ratings are usually posted by both parties to each transaction, which makes it easy to spot lousy drivers, bathrobe-pilferers and surfboard-wreckers. By using Facebook and other social networks, participants can check each other out and identify friends (or friends of friends) in common. An Airbnb user had her apartment trashed in 2011. But the remarkable thing is how well the system usually works. Peering into the future