2016年北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研,英语翻译基础历年考研真题,考研经验,考研大纲,考研信息,考研参考书

北京外国语大学2014年硕士研究生入学考试试题

招生专业：翻译硕士（英语口、笔译）科目名称：英语翻译基础

(考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效）

I.Translate the following terms into Chinese(15points,1point each):

1.UNDP-

2.OECD countries

3.bailout loans

4.EBITA

5.venture capital

6.telepresence

7.carbon footprint

8.forensic medicine

9.key encryption technology

10.United Arab Emirates

11.extradition treaty

12.seismic monitoring

13.procrastination

14.flip phone'

15.Mack Daddy

II.Translate the following terms into English(15points,1point each):

1.大部制

2.石油输出国组织

3.生物圈

4.涨停板

5.浮动汇率

6.计划免疫

7.学生减负

8.通识教育

9.B超

10.自媒体

11.土地承载能力

12.小产权房

13.土豪

14.胶原蛋白

15.经济适用男

III.Translate the following passages into Chinese(60points)

1.Never before had the world such a tremendous scientific-technical potential,such

a capacity to generate wealth and well-being.Authentic technological wonders that have made any place in the world to be always close with regard to distances and communications have not been capable of bringing well-being for everybody,but only for a meager15%living in the countries of the North.The abysm between North and South is now so huge,that the unsustainability of the current economic order and the blindness of the people who try to justify continuing to enjoy opulence and waste, are evident.

The great possibilities that a globalization of solidarity and true cooperation could bring to all people in the world through the scientific-technical wonders,have been reduced by the neo-liberal model to this grotesque caricature full of exploitation and social injustice.We were asked to be ultraliberal in trade and to lift any barrier, which may obstruct the imports coming from the North,but the oral champions of free trade actually are the champions in the praxis of protectionism.The North spends one billion dollars a day in practicing what has been banned from doing,that is, subsidizing inefficient products.Today,vis-a-vis the obvious failure of neoliberalism and the great threat that the International Economic Order represents for the South,it is necessary to retake the Spirit of the South by forming an alliance among ourselves.

2.After months of speculation,the final22,000-character overview of China’s“third plenum”was published on November15th.In the economic sphere the document turned out to be bolder than the initial summary suggested,but the document’s interest lies not just in the economic reforms,which were anticipated.More striking were some of the social changes the document announced,such as the relaxation of the one-child policy.A couple in which one parent is an only child will be allowed to have two children,and the policy is likely to be loosened even further.In another widely welcomed move,labour camps are to be abolished.

But possibly the most important announcements were buried deep in the document and grabbed fewer headlines.Two moves in particular,namely allowing the development of“social organisations”or NGOs in essence and the separation of judicial jurisdiction systems from administrative areas,showed that the party is sensitive to the ferment in Chinese society and the demands for greater liberty and accountability that accompany it.That these two gestures towards reform were mentioned at all is encouraging,and the world is keen to know*whether Chinese leadership will honor their words in the plenary document that they u dare to gnaw through even tough bones,dare to ford dangerous rapids,break through the fetters of ideological concepts with even greater resolution.

1.近年来，海淀区围绕高新技术产业的技术创新和公共科技服务需求，加速各种创新要素的聚集，不断完善科技服务业，基本形成了研发设计、成果转移转化、创新创业、科技金融

和科技咨询等科技服务业的完整链条，有效的促进了科技成果的转化和产业化。主要概括为“五化”。一、发挥科技资源密集的优势，以企业为主体，以市场为导向，政产学研协同创新；二、鼓励和引导高校和科研院所通过技术转移中心和产业技术研究院的平台开展科技成果转化；三、培育和支持高新技术产业创新、创业服务新业态的发展，推动投资主体多元化、运行机制多样化的孵化器建设；四、进一步推动设立科技金融专营机构，集中力量聚焦战略性为轻资产的软件和信息服务等科技型企业提供全链条的金融支持；五、鼓励知新兴产业领域

；

I R产权代理机构、信息咨询公司、会计事务所、法律事务所、投资和管理咨询等专业服务机构为科技型企业提供支持，推动其创新发展。

2.中华的宇宙观“天人合一”见诸于文学是“物我交融”，主要理法是“比兴”。见诸于绘画是“贵在似与不似之间”，主要理法是“外师造化，内得心源”。在诗画历史影响下的中国园林，追求的境界就必然是“虽由人作，宛自天开。”主要理法是由“比兴”衍生的“借景”。设计序列为明旨一立意一相地一布局一理微一余韵。在“人与天调”前提下肯定人的主观能动性，“人杰地灵”、“景物因人成胜概”。凡风景必名胜是中国风景名胜区的特色。翻译硕士词汇辨析2

amend v.(正式用语)指修改文件、法律、规范等。

The politicians amended the law to provide more jobs.政治家们修正了这项法律以提供更多的就业。

convert v.改变某事物的形式或用途，还可以指改变信仰尤其是宗教信仰。Britain converted to a decimal currency system in1971.英国于1971年改用十进制货币体系。

He's converted to Catholicism.他已经皈依天主教。

alter v.使事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作改变。

The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight.

.裁缝修改了我的裤腰因为它太紧了。

modify v.改变，修改，以使某物更趋完善，还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。

He was loud and angry,and his friends told him to modify his behavior.

他粗声大气，脾气暴躁；朋友们告诉他要改变自己的举止。

transform v.指彻底、深远的改变，这种变化完全改变了外观或特性，使被改变的对象脱胎换骨。

Remodeling transformed an old,dark houses into so cheerful one.

重新装修使这所陈旧昏暗的房子变得赏心悦目。

vary v.强调没有一定规则、陆续的变化或差异。

Air fares vary from one airline to another.航空公司的机票价格各不相同。

acute,critical,crucial,urgent

acute,critical,crucial,urgent这一组形容词都有“严重的，重要的”意思。

acute a.剧烈的，严重的；急性的(病)。

An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.

食品严重缺乏，伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。

critical a.意为“关键的”，表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点，与crucial相似。与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量；还指“批判性的，分析性的”。It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.

为了考好你必须用功学习，否则你会不及格的。

crucial a.意为“决定性的，紧要关头的，至关重要的”，最为笼统，适用于上述两种情况。Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.

消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。

urgent a.意为“紧迫的，急迫的，紧要的”，它不强调所指的问题是最重要的，仅强调“紧急的”状态。

We have an urgent need for help;we are running out of water.

我们急需要帮助，我们的水就快要用光了。

He was urgent in his demands.

他的要求很迫切。

Some urgent business took me away from Shanghai.

有些紧急事务使我离开上海。

How fast can you post to the port with this urgent message?

你带着这份紧急信件能有多快通过驿站到达港口?

acquire,attain,obtain,gain,earn,achieve,secure

acquire,attain,obtain,gain,earn,achieve,secure

这一组动词都有“获得，取得”的意思，在考研和CET-6当中屡次出现它们之间的辨析。acquire v.多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得，该词强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。

It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.

正是通过学习，个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。

attain v.指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果；也可指达到某一目标。

The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month.这名销售员完成了当月的销售目标。

obtain v.获得，买到，用于正式语体中。

He obtained the property with a bank loan.他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。

gain v.指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。

An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value.投资者通过所买股票价格上涨而得利润。

earn v.挣得，赢得，指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。

How much do you earn a week?你一星期挣多少钱？

achieve v.得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。

The movie star achieved success and wealth.这个影星取得了成功和财富。

secure v.得到；把……拿到手，含有肯定占有难以得到的东西之意；使安全，保卫；

作形容词比较常见，意为“安全的”。

A million signatures have been secured.已征集到了100万人的签名。

He secured the office before leaving it for the night.他晚上离开前锁好了办公室的门窗。

accuse,charge

accuse,charge两个动词都有“控诉，指控”之意，但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。accuse v.指控，控诉，与介词of连用。

The police accused him of theft.

警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。

Perhaps,because there is simply nothing to accuse him of?

或许，其实只是因为没有名目可以用来指控他？

I had no one to point at.Certainly not my parents,because I had nothing to accuse them of.

我没有可以指责的人。当然不会是我们的父母，因为我对他们没什么可谴责的。

We accuse China of selling us cheap this and cheap that,and most of all,we are angry at China for selling us its cheap currency,called renminbi,or yuan.

我们指责中国向我们出售这个或那个廉价商品，最重要的是，我们对中国向我们出售廉价货币（人民币或元）而感到气愤。

charge v.可以指因为小错而受的责备，也指因违法而受到控告，与介词with连用。

The police charged him with murder.

警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。

She had to retract her charge.

她只好撤回她的控告。

He denied the charge to the court.

他向法庭否认对他的控告。

They do not charge at all for their services.

他们的服务概不收费。

accomplishment,attainment,achievement

accomplishment,attainment,achievement这三个名词都有“成就”的意思。accomplishment n.成功，成就；才艺，修养。

Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.

对于登山运动员来说，爬上了那座山就是成功。

Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.

画画得好只是她的许多才能之一。

attainment n.指学识和造诣(常用作复数)；达到，到达。

a scholar of the highest attainments

造诣极高的学者

achievement n.可指抽象的“成就”，或具体的“成绩”，与accomplishment是同义词。He rated the achievement high.

他高度评价了这一成就。

This achievement is surely unprecedented.

这成就确实是空前的。

The scientist thirsts after an achievement.

这名科学家渴望取得成就。

access,assess

access,assess这两个词为一组“形近易混词”。

access n.接近，进入。

The people living in these apartments have free access to that swimming pool.住在这些公寓里的人可以免费地进入游泳池。

So how do you access it?

那么如何访问连接池？

You can turn on and off access to any of these groups.

您可以打开或关闭对任何这些组的访问。

Regardless of where we are and what we are doing,we want access to our data.

不管我们身在何处、在做什么，我们都想要访问到我们的数据。

assess v.评估(财产，价值)。

I assessed how much it would cost to build a new apartment.

我评估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少钱。

If so,how do we assess it?

如果是，我们如何评价它？

They assess his house at15000yuan.

他们给他房子的估价为15000元。

How do you assess that?

那你该怎么评估收益？

accent,tone,dialect

accent,tone,dialect这三个名词意思相近，容易混淆。

accent n.口音，指某一地区语言的发音特征；重音。

He speaks English with a Spanish accent.

他讲英语带有西班牙口音。

tone n.语气，音调，指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。

He speaks to his baby in soft tones.

他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话。

dialect n.方言，土语，地方话，指一个地区人们所使用的语言。

the Yorkshire dialect约克郡方言

the Sichuan dialect四川方言

Is it a dialect?

它是一种方言吗？

Cockney is the colourful dialect spoken in the East End of London.

伦敦方言是在伦敦东区讲的颇有特色的地方语。

In some way,I agree with you that Singlish is like a dialect because we tend to mix our spoken English with some other languages.

在某种程度上，我同意你说的新加坡英语像一种方言，因为我们趋向于把我们所说的英语和一些其他语言混合起来。

abundant,plentiful

abundant,plentiful这两个形容词都有“充足的”之意。

abundant a.(数量)充足的，常用于人、物产、资源、雨量等，含有“过多”之意。

Our country is abundant in minerals.

我国矿产非常丰富。

Our country has a vast territory and abundant resources.

我国土地辽阔，资源丰富。

In particular,it should not export capital to capital-abundant countries like the US.

特别是，它不应该把资本输出到像美国那样资本充裕的国家。

Oil is in abundant supply in this country.

这个国家石油供应十分充裕。

plentiful a.丰富的，充足的，常用于食物、收获、财产等，不能用于时间、空间、思想等方面。

Eggs are plentiful at this moment.

现在鸡蛋很多。

The pigs battened on the plentiful fodder.

那些猪饲料充足，吃得膘肥体壮。

This is because,even were it not cheap and plentiful,gas would be attractive simply on the grounds of cleanliness.

这是因为即使天然气还不够廉价和丰富，它也会仅由于“清洁”的特点而具备强大吸引力。If a fisherman sold the squid processors a proportion of his expected catch a year ahead and squid turned out to be plentiful,he would do well.

如果一个渔民出售了鱿鱼加工机，他下一年的预期捕获物比例和捕获鱿鱼将是丰富的，他将做的很好。

absurd,ridiculous,silly

absurd,ridiculous,silly这一组形容词都有“愚蠢，可笑”的意思。

absurd a.荒谬的，可笑的，指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑。

There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.

过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。

ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的，指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄，含有蔑视成分。

It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.

仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的。

silly a.愚蠢的，傻的，指由于单纯或者头脑简单而显得愚蠢。

a silly little boy傻小子

How can you explain such a silly remark?

你怎能解释这样一个愚蠢的意见?

He's been plaguing me with silly questions all day!

他整天老是拿愚蠢的问题来烦我!

This short novel was stuffed out with silly conversation.

这部短篇小说用无聊的对话拉得很长。

abstract,digest,outline,summary

abstract,digest,outline,summary这一组名词都有“要点，摘要”的意思。

abstract n.概要，摘要，尤其指对学术论文或法律论据作的简述。

I have read the abstract of his book.

我已经读了他的书的概要。

digest n.(篇幅较长的)摘要，文摘，它是对原文的浓缩而不是对原文的简单解释，浓缩后仍保持原文的顺序、重点和风格。

Reader's Digest《读者文摘》

outline n.要点，大纲，概要。

She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk

她把自己要谈的想法列了一个提纲。

Summary n.总结，摘要，指用寥寥数语概括文章或者讲话的要点，不考虑原文的风格。

His summary prosifies the poem.

他的摘要把诗散文化了。

As you can see,these requirements are not in the same summary task or deliverable.正如您所看到的，这些需求并不在同一个概要任务或者交付中。

If you have verification points,summary information for those tests will be shown here,as well as in Figure30.

如果您有验证点，那么在此将显示出那些测试的摘要信息，以及图30中的内容。

资料来源：育明考研考博官网https://www.wendangku.net/doc/622641657.html,